EP4114804A1 - VERFAHREN UND VORRICHTUNG ZUM SCHMELZEN UND LÄUTERN VON GLAS, GLASKERAMIK ODER INSBESONDERE VON ZU GLASKERAMIK KERAMISIERBAREM GLAS SOWIE VERFAHRENSGEMÄß HERGESTELLTES GLAS ODER GLASKERAMIK - Google Patents
VERFAHREN UND VORRICHTUNG ZUM SCHMELZEN UND LÄUTERN VON GLAS, GLASKERAMIK ODER INSBESONDERE VON ZU GLASKERAMIK KERAMISIERBAREM GLAS SOWIE VERFAHRENSGEMÄß HERGESTELLTES GLAS ODER GLASKERAMIKInfo
- Publication number
- EP4114804A1 EP4114804A1 EP21710435.5A EP21710435A EP4114804A1 EP 4114804 A1 EP4114804 A1 EP 4114804A1 EP 21710435 A EP21710435 A EP 21710435A EP 4114804 A1 EP4114804 A1 EP 4114804A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- refining
- melting
- glass ceramic
- ceramic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/02—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in electric furnaces, e.g. by dielectric heating
- C03B5/021—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in electric furnaces, e.g. by dielectric heating by induction heating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/02—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in electric furnaces, e.g. by dielectric heating
- C03B5/027—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in electric furnaces, e.g. by dielectric heating by passing an electric current between electrodes immersed in the glass bath, i.e. by direct resistance heating
- C03B5/03—Tank furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/02—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in electric furnaces, e.g. by dielectric heating
- C03B5/027—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in electric furnaces, e.g. by dielectric heating by passing an electric current between electrodes immersed in the glass bath, i.e. by direct resistance heating
- C03B5/03—Tank furnaces
- C03B5/031—Cold top tank furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/225—Refining
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2211/00—Heating processes for glass melting in glass melting furnaces
- C03B2211/70—Skull melting, i.e. melting or refining in cooled wall crucibles or within solidified glass crust, e.g. in continuous walled vessels
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for melting and refining glass, glass ceramics or, in particular, glass that can be ceramized to form glass ceramics, as well as glass or glass ceramics produced according to the method
- Conventional tanks for melting down or melting glass or glass ceramic usually have an upper furnace heated by fossil fuels and optionally have additional electrical heating.
- these tanks typically require 150-500 m 3 of gas and up to 1500 kWh of electricity per ton of molten glass, which corresponds to C0 2 emissions of 700 to 1500 kg of CO2 per ton of glass.
- direct C0 2 emission is understood to mean that C0 2 emission which occurs in the area of the tub itself, which means that is caused by the heating of the tub with the material to be melted therein and its refining.
- CO2 emissions generated by the provision of electrical energy are not understood as direct C0 2 emissions in the context of the present disclosure, but are discussed with regard to the overall resulting C0 2 balance and taken into account accordingly.
- redox refining agents With fully electrically operated tubs, it is only possible to a limited extent to use redox refining agents because they lead to electrode corrosion and thus damage to the tub and because redox refining agents require a temperature / process control that is not possible in VE tubs.
- Arsenic oxide, antimony oxide or tin oxide are typically used as redox refining agents in the glass industry. Possible other refining agents such as chloride or sulfate can also be used. When it comes to special glass, it is important that there is one step of the
- special glass is understood to be a glass which has special properties, as a rule required by the respective field of application, and which includes, for example, technical and optical glasses.
- glasses with special quality requirements are understood as special glasses. These are glasses with less than 10 defects / kg in the refined glass or the glass ceramic later made from these glasses.
- defects are understood to be gaseous inclusions, such as bubbles, knots, streaks or particulate inclusions, for example particles introduced by the material of the respective tub, that will later be found in the glass after refining.
- a VE tank is described in CN 108585441 A, for example.
- the highest temperature occurs in the area of homogenization, so there is none Lauter zone and no lauter tub.
- the aim of this document is not to achieve high quality glass.
- the document with the application number CN 201220 676 399 U discloses a heated Mo channel which is connected downstream of a VE tank.
- This lauter device has a height of 100-200 mm, and consequently a flat bed purifier is described.
- a disadvantage of this concept is that the fining temperatures that can be achieved are a maximum of 1600/1700 ° C., depending on the material, and these temperatures are not sufficient for the quality of freedom from bubbles required in the present case.
- the refining tub has an unfavorable surface-to-volume ratio, which impairs the effectiveness of the refining.
- DE 4313 217 CI also discloses the downstream connection of a refining tub after a VE tub and describes refining by introducing bubbles into the glass to be refined, which is also referred to as bubbling, in a fully electrically heated basin.
- bubbling as a rule more foreign gases are introduced into the glass to be refined than refinement bubbles are removed.
- the temperature in the refining tank disclosed in this document is relatively low and therefore the refining disclosed there cannot deliver the glass quality required in the present case.
- DD 288368 A A VE tank for borosilicate glass is described in DD 288368 A. This tank has a fully electric melting tank and has a flow to a working tank. However, no refining bath is disclosed.
- DD 201021 A discloses a VE tank with a deep refining shaft in which the bubbles are to be "crushed". However, this method does not lead to degassing of the melt Requirements for homogeneity and freedom from bubbles.
- melting units are described, some of which are completely HF-heated. Both the melting tub and the refining tub are designed as HF crucibles. In this tub configuration, however, melting capacities of less than 5 tons per day (t / d) can only be achieved.
- small platinum tanks such as those used for optical glasses, which enable CCb-free melting, since no burners with fossil gases have to be used with these small tanks. These tanks are also limited to a throughput of a maximum of about 5 t / d.
- the invention is based on the object of specifying a method and a device with which the melting and refining of glass or glass ceramic is made possible in a CCk-free or at least CCk-reduced manner.
- glasses and glass ceramics produced with the method according to the invention are given by way of example.
- a melting and refining tank for special glass with high quality requirements in particular of less than 1 bubble / kg and high efficiency, in particular a melt load, which is also referred to as surface loading, of more than 1 t / m 2 d can be made available.
- the melting load When specifying the melting load, the area of the melting tank plus the area of the refining tank is normally taken into account. Here, however, it is not the “free” melting surface that is considered, but rather the “working surface” resulting from the top view of the units.
- the melting load then indicates the amount of molten and refined glass per area and unit of time.
- the day (d) is specified as the unit of time, which is typical in this specialist field.
- a fully electric tank with a pool size of 4 x 4 m i.e. the area of the melting or melting tank plus the area of the refining tank in an exemplary size of 16 square meters viewed from above, which produces 32 tons of glass per day, consequently has a melting area of 32 square meters and thus a surface load or melt load of 1 t / m 2 / d.
- the possible melting load is, however, influenced by the necessary glass quality and the design of the melting and refining tank, with a glass quality of less than 1 bubble / kg due to the design of the melting units disclosed here, in particular also due to the design of the refining tank for special glass, as stated above is reached at a melting load of more than 1 t / m 2 d.
- the object is achieved with a method for melting and refining glass, glass ceramic or, in particular, of to Glass ceramic ceramable glass in which less than 1 bubble / kg is present in the melted and refined glass or in the melted and refined glass ceramic after melting and refining, in which the direct CCk emissions, in particular from fossil fuels, during melting and Lautering be less than 100 kg / t of molten glass.
- the object is also achieved with a device for melting and refining glass, glass ceramics or, in particular, glass that can be ceramized into glass ceramics, in particular a melting system, for carrying out the method according to the invention, in which less than 1 bubble / kg in the molten and refined glass or in of the melted and refined glass-ceramic is present after melting and refining and the direct CO2 emissions, in particular from fossil fuels, during melting and refining are less than 100 kg / t of molten glass.
- energy carrier encompasses all forms of energy carrier, thus in particular electrical energy, synthetic fuels and fossil fuels.
- a fully electric tank is used as the device for melting glass or glass ceramic, thus as a melting tank, and a high temperature refinement is carried out, in particular in cold walls, the electrical energy being provided with electric current which has an at least neutral C0 2 balance.
- a generation of electrical power in which the amount of total CO2 present is not increased by the generation of the electrical power is regarded as a neutral C0 2 balance.
- Electricity generated by solar energy, wind, water and / or nuclear power is therefore viewed as electricity with a neutral C0 2 balance.
- Fuels obtained through biological processes which are generically referred to as biofuels, or substances obtained through chemical reactions, which are obtained with the support of solar energy, for example methanol, also known as methanol solar fuel, are then classified as a neutral CCb - viewed as having a balance sheet if they do not lead to an overall increase in the CCb content in the atmosphere during production and its subsequent use.
- Biofuels can thus include synthetically produced methane, H2, bioethanol and biologically produced oils.
- edge-side glass sections are referred to as cold walls which have such a low temperature that the glass is solidified, and in particular whose temperature is below the Tg of the respectively melted and refined glass.
- Such walls form a crucible for the molten glass and are also referred to as skull crucibles, as is known to those skilled in the art.
- a refining agent Sn0 2 can optionally be used, in particular in contents of 0.05-0.8% by weight.
- a dye can optionally be provided, in particular M0O3.
- Fe 2 ⁇ 3 3 , V 2 O 5 , CeCk and / or T1O2 can also be used. It has been shown that coloring with molybdenum oxide is also based on a redox process. In the crystallizable starting glass, the M0O3 still colors relatively weakly. As is assumed, the redox process takes place during ceramization, the molybdenum is reduced and the redox partner, e.g. B. Sn 2+ is oxidized to Sn 4+.
- coloring with molybdenum requires a stronger redox reaction than coloring with vanadium.
- the more reducing refining agent SnCk is therefore preferred in contents of 0.05-0.8% by weight. Lower contents are not very effective for refining, higher contents favor undesired devitrification during the shaping by Sn-containing crystals.
- the SnCb content is preferably 0.1 to ⁇ 0.7% by weight.
- the SnCb content is particularly preferably below 0.6% by weight.
- Coloring with other refining agents as redox partners such as antimony or arsenic oxide is less effective.
- the coloring by molybdenum oxide is a redox process
- the redox state that is set in the glass when it melts e.g. through high melting temperatures and long dwell times at high temperatures or the addition of reducing components, also has an influence.
- the ceramization conditions have a further influence on the color effect. In particular, high ceramization temperatures and longer lead times
- a high-frequency refinement which is also referred to as HF refinement, is advantageously carried out.
- a skull crucible and high-load electrodes can also be used for the refining.
- temperatures of 1700 ° C to 2400 ° C are reached in the high-temperature clarification at least in areas of the glass or glass ceramic to be purified, with temperatures of 1700 ° C to 2000 ° for glass ceramics, thus for glasses further processed into glass ceramics C can be achieved.
- the refining unit is additionally heated, in particular additionally heated with an energy carrier which comprises electrical energy.
- electrical radiation heating for example, can be used for the additional heating.
- the refining unit can in particular be additionally heated with an energy carrier which is free of electrical energy.
- an energy carrier which is free of electrical energy.
- H2 burners a burner for synthetically obtained or fossil methane (CH 4) , plasma flames, biogas and / or biofuel burners can be used for additional heating.
- auxiliary materials used for additional heating or the energy carriers used for this purpose are preferably produced or provided without fossil energy carriers.
- a presently disclosed device comprises a fully electric tank as a melting tank, which only supplies electrical energy to heat the goods located therein and which is referred to as a VE tank, and a device for high temperature clarification, in particular a device which has cold walls during the lautering, wherein the electrical energy is preferably provided with electrical current which has an at least neutral CCb balance.
- a device for high-frequency refinement which is also referred to as HF refinement, has proven to be particularly advantageous.
- the document DE 10236 136 A1 of the present applicant describes a corresponding, high-frequency heated, cold crucible which can be used for this purpose and which is used in particular for melting down inorganic material is provided.
- the disclosure content of this document is also made the subject of the present application through incorporation.
- a skull crucible in particular a refining crucible with cold walls and with high-load electrodes, can also be used as the device for high-temperature clarification.
- the device for high-temperature lautering can also have additional heating.
- an H2 burner a burner for synthetically obtained or fossil methane (CH 4 ), plasma flames, a biogas and / or biofuel burner can be used as additional heating.
- CH 4 fossil methane
- plasma flames a biogas and / or biofuel burner
- the presently disclosed device is designed for a throughput of more than 10 t / d for special glass.
- the presently disclosed apparatus is designed for a throughput of less than 200 t / d for specialty glass.
- a melting tank with a daily output of 40 tons of glass is heated with an amount of 500 cbm / h of natural gas and only the CCp equivalent from the combustion of fossil energy is taken into account, a conversion factor results in which 1 cbm of natural gas corresponds to 10 kWh of heat, one for This melting process released a CCk equivalent of 28.8 tons per day. This results in a CCb equivalent of approx. 720 kg / t glass per ton of glass.
- the invention also encompasses a glass or a glass ceramic which can be produced or produced according to a presently disclosed method and preferably in a presently disclosed device.
- aluminosilicate glasses and glass-ceramics for the glasses described in the context of the present disclosure, by means of which the presently disclosed method is preferably carried out in the device also disclosed here, in particular aluminosilicate glasses and glass-ceramics, aluminosilicate glasses and borosilicate glasses are used, which correspond to the above definition for special glasses.
- FIG. 1 shows a plan view of a first exemplary embodiment (SW1) seen from above, in which the covers or covers have been omitted for the sake of better understanding, the melting tank having a throughput of more than 10 to 200 t / d and includes a VE tank and a high-frequency refining tank, HF-LW,
- FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the first embodiment (SW1), in which the section runs in the vertical direction approximately in the middle of the melting plant, the melting tank having a throughput of more than 10 to 200 t / d and a VE tank and a high frequency - Lauter tub, HF-LW, includes,
- FIG. 3 shows a plan view of a second exemplary embodiment (SW2) from above, in which the covers or covers have been omitted for the sake of better understanding, the melting tank having a throughput of more than 10 to 200 t / d and a VE tank and a refining tub with a skull crucible and high-load electrodes
- FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional representation of the second exemplary embodiment (SW2), in which the section runs in the vertical direction approximately in the middle of the melting plant, the melting tank having a throughput of more than 10 to 200 t / d and a VE tank and a refining tank , which includes a skull crucible and high-load electrodes,
- FIG. 5 shows a plan view of a third exemplary embodiment (SW3) seen from above, in which the covers or covers have been omitted for the sake of better understanding, the melting tank having a throughput of more than 10 to 200 t / d and a VE tank as well as a platinum refining bath
- FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional representation of the third exemplary embodiment (SW3), in which the section runs in the vertical direction approximately in the middle of the melting plant, the melting tank having a throughput of more than 10 to 200 t / d and a VE tank and a platinum - Lauter tub, includes,
- FIG. 7 shows a plan view of a fourth exemplary embodiment (SW4) seen from above, in which the covers or covers have been omitted for the sake of better understanding, the melting tank having a throughput of more than 10 to 200 t / d and a VE tank as well as a vacuum refining tub
- FIG. 8 shows a cross-sectional representation of the fourth exemplary embodiment (SW4), in which the section runs in the vertical direction approximately in the middle of the melting plant, the melting tank having a throughput of more than 10 to 200 t / d and a VE tank and a vacuum - Lauter tub, includes,
- FIG. 9 shows a plan view of a fifth exemplary embodiment (SW5) seen from above, in which the covers or covers have been omitted for the sake of better understanding, the melting tank having a throughput of more than 10 to 200 t / d and a VE tank as well as a Boost EZH refining bath
- FIG. 10 shows a cross-sectional representation of the fifth exemplary embodiment (SW5), in which the section runs in the vertical direction approximately in the middle of the melting plant, the melting tank having a throughput of more than 10 to 200 t / d and a VE tank and a Boost EZH refining tank,
- Figure 11 is a plan view of a sixth
- the melting tank having a throughput of more than 10 to 200 t / d and comprising a VE tank and a high-flow refining tank
- Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view of the sixth
- Embodiment (SW6) in which the cut runs in the vertical direction approximately in the middle of the melting plant, the melting tank having a throughput of more than 10 to 200 t / d and a VE tank and a
- High-current refining bath includes.
- the direct CCk emission is understood in the context of the present disclosure as that C0 2 emission which occurs in the area of the tub itself, this means which is caused by the heating of the tub with the glass or glass to be melted therein
- the glass ceramic contained therein and the refining is created.
- glasses are also referred to as glass ceramics which do not yet have any crystalline components, which, however, can later transform into glass ceramics as a result of a corresponding time-dependent application of heat.
- glass ceramic is intended to include, in particular, glass ceramic material in the batch which is melted and refined using the method disclosed herein and which can be added to the batch for recycling, for example, and which can form part of it.
- glass ceramic is also intended to disclose the corresponding glasses that can be converted into glass ceramics, in particular ceramizable and / or crystallizable glasses, and thus also express that for these glasses that can be further processed into glass ceramics within the scope of the According to the present disclosure, after refining, appropriate ceramization known to the person skilled in the art is to be carried out or crystallization processes to be carried out, as is also disclosed in claim 12, for example.
- Typical glass ceramics are, for example, the glass ceramics sold by Schott AG under the trade names Ceran ® and Robax ® .
- the presently disclosed glasses for the production of glass products include the groups of borosilicate (BS) -, aluminosilicate (AS) or boro-aluminosilicate glasses or lithium-aluminum-silicate glass-ceramics (LAS), which without losing the generality here can be mentioned by way of example.
- BS borosilicate
- AS aluminosilicate
- LAS lithium-aluminum-silicate glass-ceramics
- a glass with an Li 2 O content of 4.6% by weight to 5.4% by weight and an Na 2 0 content of 8.1% by weight can be used as the Li-Al-Si glass. up to 9.7% by weight and an Al 2 0 3 content of 16% by weight to 20% by weight can be used.
- a Li-Al-Si glass with a composition comprising L12O 3.0-4.2; AI2O319 - 23,
- S1O2 60 - 69% by weight as well as T1O2 and ZrC> 2 can be used. Furthermore, a glass or a glass which can be ceramized to form a glass ceramic with a Li 2 O content of less than 3% by weight can also be used.
- a glass that contains the following components (in% by weight) can be used as borosilicate glass:
- a glass in particular with the following composition, can also be used as borosilicate glass:
- Li 2 0 0-1.0 wt .-% or a glass, in particular an alkali borosilicate glass, which contains
- a pharmaceutical glassware eg a by Schott AG under the trade name Fiolax ® (eg Fiolax ® Pro, Fiolax ® clear) marketed glass may be used.
- Fiolax ® eg Fiolax ® Pro, Fiolax ® clear
- a glass e.g., borosilicate glass, which contains may be used
- CO2 emissions generated by the provision of electrical energy are not understood as direct C0 2 emissions in the context of the present disclosure, but it is advantageous, as already stated above, to reduce these accordingly, in particular to an at least neutral C0 2 - To pay attention to the balance sheet.
- a device for melting 1 and a device for refining 2 of glass and / or glass-ceramic, which together are in particular also referred to as a melting plant, are shown in each case.
- the device for melting 1 is a fully electric tank, this means a tank that is completely heated only with electrical energy.
- This tub will too referred to as VE tank or fully electric melting tank, the latter term usually also being used to express that a mixture is melted and not an already melted and hardened glass is melted again.
- the device for refining 2 comprises a high-frequency, in particular inductively heated, refining tub, which is also referred to as an HF refining tub, or a tub with high-load electrodes 12 through which electrical current flows through the material to be refined.
- a high-frequency, in particular inductively heated, refining tub which is also referred to as an HF refining tub, or a tub with high-load electrodes 12 through which electrical current flows through the material to be refined.
- the devices 1 and 2 are each lined with refractory material 5 in their wall areas, in particular the wall areas in contact with the melt 3a, or consist of this.
- a method can be realized in which less than 1 bubble / kg is present in the melted and refined glass 3a, 3b or in the melted and refined glass ceramic 3a, 3b after melting and refining , whereby the direct CCk emissions, in particular from fossil fuels, during melting and refining are less than 100 kg / t of molten glass 3a, 3b.
- the information on the number of bubbles / kg after melting and refining also corresponds to the number of bubbles / kg in a later, possibly still hot-formed product, for example also a hot-formed glass-ceramic product.
- the device 2 is a device for high temperature clarification, in particular a device which has cold walls during the lautering, this means in each case forming a skull crucible 11 which is characterized by its cold walls, which consist of the melted and re-hardened glass 3a .
- Figure 1 shows an example of a plan view of a first embodiment seen from above, in which the covers or covers have been omitted for the sake of better understanding, the melting tank of the device 1 for melting glass or glass ceramic being a VE melting tank and a throughput of has more than 10 to 200 t / d and the device 2 for refining glass or glass ceramic comprises a high-frequency refining tank, HF-LW.
- Figure 2 shows a cross-sectional view of this first embodiment, in which the vertical section runs approximately in the middle of the melting plant, thus approximately in the middle of the device 1 for melting glass or glass ceramic and the device 2 for refining glass or glass ceramic.
- the device 1 for melting glass or glass ceramic rod electrodes 3 for heating the melt are arranged, while in the device 2 for refining glass or glass ceramic one or more induction coils 10 form a high-frequency heating for the glass inside the skull crucible 11, which is additionally provided with additional heating, which includes gas burner 4.
- This additional heating with the gas burners 4 can each include one or more H2 burners, burners for synthetically obtained or produced methane (CH 4 ), plasma flames, a biogas and / or biofuel burner.
- H2 burners burners for synthetically obtained or produced methane (CH 4 )
- plasma flames a biogas and / or biofuel burner.
- the molten glass 3a emerging from the device 1 after melting preferably enters the device 2 by means of a distributor 9 for refining and leaves it for further use by means of the channel 16, for example to be fed to a subsequent hot forming.
- FIG. 3 shows a plan view of a second exemplary embodiment seen from above, in which the covers or covers have been omitted for the sake of better understanding
- the melting tank of the device 1 for melting glass or glass ceramic being one Has a throughput of more than 10 to 200 t / d and comprises a VE tank, which is also heated with rod electrodes 3, through which electrical current is passed, as well as the device 2 for refining glass or glass ceramic, which has a refining tank comprises a skull crucible 11 and high-load electrodes 12 for heating it.
- burners 4 are provided as additional heating.
- the burners 4 are each shown as round, black circles, but are not each provided with a separate reference number.
- the glass surface 8 of the melted glass 3a or the melted glass ceramic 3a and the glass surface 8 of the melted and refined glass 3b or the melted and refined glass ceramic 3b have only a slight inclination in the direction of flow.
- FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional illustration of the second exemplary embodiment, in which the section runs in the vertical direction approximately in the middle of the melting plant.
- FIG. 5 shows a plan view of a third exemplary embodiment seen from above, in which the covers or covers have been omitted for the sake of better understanding, the melting tank having a throughput of more than 10 to 200 t / d and a VE tank and a Platinum refining tub with a platinum refining tube 13 includes.
- FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional representation of this third exemplary embodiment, in which the section runs in the vertical direction approximately in the middle of the melting plant.
- FIG. 7 reveals a plan view of a fourth exemplary embodiment seen from above, in which the covers or covers have been omitted for the sake of better understanding, the melting tank of the device 1 for melting glass or glass ceramic having a throughput of more than 10 to 200 t / d and has, for example, a fully electric VE tank and in which the device 2 for refining glass or glass ceramic comprises a vacuum refining tank which contains a vacuum refining channel 15 made of platinum, which forms an area 14 with negative pressure.
- FIG. 8 shows a cross-sectional illustration of this fourth exemplary embodiment, in which the locally prevailing pressure conditions are also indicated in each case.
- a pressure P is set in the device 1, the channel or the distributor 9 as well as the channel 16, which corresponds to about atmospheric pressure of about 1 bar.
- the pressure P ' prevailing in the negative pressure area 14, which is much lower than atmospheric pressure, the molten glass 3a is raised during the refining process, which can be seen from the higher level of the glass bath surface 8 ' and becomes a very efficient and energy-saving one Purification made possible.
- Figure 9 is a plan view of a fifth one
- Embodiment seen from above can be seen in which, for the sake of better understanding, the ceilings or covers have been omitted, the melting tank having a throughput of more than 10 to 200 t / d and the device 1 comprising a VE tank and the device 2 comprising a Boost EZH refining tank 17.
- Boost EZH refining tub 17 a refining tub with additional electrical heating is used, as disclosed, for example, in DE 10304 973 A1 of the present applicant.
- the disclosure content of this document is also made the subject of the present application through incorporation.
- the additional heating is implemented by means of the rod electrodes 3 in the device 2 for refining and can provide more than 90% of the energy input required for heating. Nevertheless, the burners 4 described above can also be used in addition.
- FIG. 10 shows a cross-sectional illustration of this fifth exemplary embodiment, in which the section runs in the vertical direction approximately in the middle of the device 1 and the device 2.
- FIG. 11 reveals a plan view of a sixth exemplary embodiment seen from above, in which the covers or covers have also been omitted for the sake of better understanding, the melting tank having a throughput of more than 10 to 200 t / d and the device 1 a VE Tub and the device 2 comprises a high-flow refining tub 18.
- the high-current refining tub 18 too, additional electrical heating can be used by means of the rod electrodes 3, which additional heating can provide more than 90% of the electrical energy required for heating.
- the burners 4 described above can also be used in addition.
- the section in which the section runs in the vertical direction approximately in the middle of the melting plant, shows the barrier 19 for narrowing the flow cross-section of the molten glass 3a, 3b, which serves to reduce the gap between the rod electrodes 3, preferably to increase the current flowing in the flow direction of the molten glass 3a, 3b, because the barrier 19 consists of non-conductive refractory material.
- Embodiments of melting tanks SW and refining tanks LW in which fossil fuels such as gas and oil are used in their burners.
- Embodiments of the presently disclosed embodiments in particular with regard to the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention with regard to CCb emissions from fossil fuels, in particular from melting tanks SW and refining tanks LW for the production of special glass, can be found in the table below.
- tubs described above are designed for a throughput of less than 200 t / d for special glass.
- LW for example fully electric high frequency or HF refining tub
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Glass Melting And Manufacturing (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020106050.5A DE102020106050A1 (de) | 2020-03-05 | 2020-03-05 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Schmelzen und Läutern von Glas, Glaskeramik oder insbesondere von zu Glaskeramik keramisierbarem Glas sowie verfahrensgemäß hergestelltes Glas oder Glaskeramik |
| PCT/EP2021/055511 WO2021176013A1 (de) | 2020-03-05 | 2021-03-04 | VERFAHREN UND VORRICHTUNG ZUM SCHMELZEN UND LÄUTERN VON GLAS, GLASKERAMIK ODER INSBESONDERE VON ZU GLASKERAMIK KERAMISIERBAREM GLAS SOWIE VERFAHRENSGEMÄß HERGESTELLTES GLAS ODER GLASKERAMIK |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4114804A1 true EP4114804A1 (de) | 2023-01-11 |
Family
ID=74859905
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| EP21710435.5A Pending EP4114804A1 (de) | 2020-03-05 | 2021-03-04 | VERFAHREN UND VORRICHTUNG ZUM SCHMELZEN UND LÄUTERN VON GLAS, GLASKERAMIK ODER INSBESONDERE VON ZU GLASKERAMIK KERAMISIERBAREM GLAS SOWIE VERFAHRENSGEMÄß HERGESTELLTES GLAS ODER GLASKERAMIK |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20230021281A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4114804A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2023516697A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20220152251A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN115244013B (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102020106050A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2021176013A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11697608B2 (en) * | 2019-10-01 | 2023-07-11 | Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc. | Selective chemical fining of small bubbles in glass |
| EP4392381B1 (de) * | 2021-08-26 | 2025-12-31 | AGC Glass Europe | Segmentierter glasschmelzofen |
| US12459847B2 (en) | 2021-09-08 | 2025-11-04 | Schott Ag | Glass ceramic and method for producing a glass ceramic |
| DE102021123303B4 (de) * | 2021-09-08 | 2025-10-16 | Schott Ag | Glas oder Glaskeramik sowie Verfahren zum Schmelzen und Läutern von Glas oder Glaskeramik |
| DE102021004675B4 (de) * | 2021-09-17 | 2024-02-01 | Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts | Hybrid-Verfahren und Hybrid-Vorrichtung für CO2-ärmere bzw. CO2-freie Hochtemperaturtechnologien zur thermischen Behandlung bzw. Herstellung von anorganischen Werkstoffen |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DD201021A1 (de) | 1981-07-31 | 1983-06-29 | Rupert Malcher | Verfahren und schmelzwanne zum schmelzen und laeutern von glas oder aehnlichen stoffen |
| DD288368A5 (de) | 1989-10-11 | 1991-03-28 | Veb Waermetechnisches,Inst. D. Glasindustrie,De | Schmelzwanne fuer silikatische stoffe |
| FR2663020B1 (fr) * | 1990-06-12 | 1993-07-23 | Cfei Co Fr Electrotherm Ind | Four de fusion-affinage de verre. |
| JPH05163024A (ja) * | 1991-12-11 | 1993-06-29 | Nippon Electric Glass Co Ltd | ガラス原料の溶融方法 |
| DE4313217C1 (de) | 1993-04-22 | 1994-09-01 | Jenaer Schmelztechnik Jodeit G | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur vollelektrischen Schmelze von Neutralglas |
| DE19939779C2 (de) * | 1999-08-21 | 2003-06-26 | Schott Glas | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum kontinuierlichen Erschmelzen und Läutern von anorganischen Verbindungen, insbesondere von Gläsern und Glaskeramiken |
| DE19939773C2 (de) * | 1999-08-21 | 2003-06-18 | Schott Glas | Vorrichtung und Verfahren für das Läutern von Gläsern oder Glaskeramiken |
| DE10041757C1 (de) * | 2000-08-25 | 2002-02-21 | Schott Glas | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Läutern von Glas |
| DE10202024B4 (de) | 2001-10-02 | 2010-04-08 | Schott Ag | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum kontaminationsarmen Schmelzen einer Substanz |
| DE10236136B4 (de) | 2002-08-07 | 2005-10-20 | Schott Ag | Hochfrequenzbeheizter kalter Tiegel zum Einschmelzen eines Gemenges zur Herstellung von Glas |
| DE10304973B4 (de) | 2003-02-06 | 2006-08-17 | Schott Ag | Vorrichtungen, Regelvorrichtung und Regelverfahren für die Läuterung von Glas |
| DE10329718B4 (de) * | 2003-07-02 | 2006-04-27 | Schott Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Einschmelzen von anorganischen Substanzen, insbesondere von Gläsern |
| DE102006003535A1 (de) * | 2006-01-24 | 2007-08-02 | Schott Ag | Verfahren zur Temperaturbeeinflussung einer Schmelze |
| DE102007008299B4 (de) * | 2006-08-12 | 2012-06-14 | Schott Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gläsern, wobei die chemische Reduktion von Bestandteilen vermieden wird |
| DE102009011850B3 (de) * | 2009-03-05 | 2010-11-25 | Schott Ag | Verfahren zum umweltfreundlichen Schmelzen und Läutern einer Glasschmelze für ein Ausgangsglas einer Lithium-Aluminium-Silikat(LAS)-Glaskeramik sowie deren Verwendung |
| DE102012025656B3 (de) * | 2012-01-12 | 2018-08-16 | Schott Ag | Hochtransmittive Gläser mit hoher Solarisationsbeständigkeit |
| JP2014037338A (ja) * | 2012-08-17 | 2014-02-27 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | 画像処理方法、画像処理装置、電気溶解槽の制御方法、およびガラス物品の製造方法 |
| CN202988954U (zh) | 2012-12-07 | 2013-06-12 | 承德华富玻璃技术工程有限公司 | 一种钼电极加热人工取料池的玻璃电熔炉 |
| WO2019004434A1 (ja) * | 2017-06-30 | 2019-01-03 | 日本電気硝子株式会社 | ガラス物品の製造方法、溶解炉及びガラス物品の製造装置 |
| JP7025720B2 (ja) * | 2017-12-22 | 2022-02-25 | 日本電気硝子株式会社 | ガラス物品の製造方法及びガラス溶融炉 |
| CN108585441A (zh) | 2018-05-23 | 2018-09-28 | 江苏宝恒新材料科技有限公司 | 玻璃电熔炉熔制玻璃的方法 |
-
2020
- 2020-03-05 DE DE102020106050.5A patent/DE102020106050A1/de active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-03-04 JP JP2022552822A patent/JP2023516697A/ja active Pending
- 2021-03-04 EP EP21710435.5A patent/EP4114804A1/de active Pending
- 2021-03-04 CN CN202180019181.0A patent/CN115244013B/zh active Active
- 2021-03-04 WO PCT/EP2021/055511 patent/WO2021176013A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2021-03-04 KR KR1020227034283A patent/KR20220152251A/ko not_active Ceased
-
2022
- 2022-09-06 US US17/930,005 patent/US20230021281A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20220152251A (ko) | 2022-11-15 |
| US20230021281A1 (en) | 2023-01-19 |
| DE102020106050A1 (de) | 2021-09-09 |
| WO2021176013A1 (de) | 2021-09-10 |
| CN115244013B (zh) | 2024-11-22 |
| CN115244013A (zh) | 2022-10-25 |
| JP2023516697A (ja) | 2023-04-20 |
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