EP4095976A1 - Procédé d'authentification de bloc de stockage d'énergie, bloc de stockage d'énergie, dispositif de charge, corps mobile électrique et dispositif de commande de corps mobile électrique - Google Patents

Procédé d'authentification de bloc de stockage d'énergie, bloc de stockage d'énergie, dispositif de charge, corps mobile électrique et dispositif de commande de corps mobile électrique Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP4095976A1
EP4095976A1 EP21744034.6A EP21744034A EP4095976A1 EP 4095976 A1 EP4095976 A1 EP 4095976A1 EP 21744034 A EP21744034 A EP 21744034A EP 4095976 A1 EP4095976 A1 EP 4095976A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
power storage
controller
storage pack
identification information
movable body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21744034.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP4095976A4 (fr
Inventor
Katsuaki Hamamoto
Masaaki Kuranuki
Ryosuke NAGASE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co Ltd filed Critical Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co Ltd
Publication of EP4095976A1 publication Critical patent/EP4095976A1/fr
Publication of EP4095976A4 publication Critical patent/EP4095976A4/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/30—Authentication, i.e. establishing the identity or authorisation of security principals
    • G06F21/31—User authentication
    • G06F21/34—User authentication involving the use of external additional devices, e.g. dongles or smart cards
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/65—Monitoring or controlling charging stations involving identification of vehicles or their battery types
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
    • H01M50/576—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to theft
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/80—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
    • H02J7/00036—Charger exchanging data with battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
    • H02J7/00045—Authentication, i.e. circuits for checking compatibility between one component, e.g. a battery or a battery charger, and another component, e.g. a power source
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/12—Bikes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of authenticating a power storage pack mounted in and detached from an electric movable body, a power storage pack, a charging device, an electric movable body, and a controller for an electric movable body.
  • the present disclosure has been made in view of such a circumstance, and an object of the present disclosure is to provide a technique for correctly identifying a mounted power storage pack by an electric movable body or a charging device that controls the power storage pack by using wireless communication.
  • a power storage pack authentication method includes: wiredly transmitting, by a controller of a first power storage pack, identification information retained in the first power storage pack to a controller of a charging device when the first power storage pack detached from an electric movable body is mounted in a first charging slot of the charging device; wiredly transmitting, by the controller of the charging device, the identification information received from the first power storage pack to a controller of a second power storage pack which is replaceable with the first power storage pack and which is mounted in a second charging slot; transmitting via near-field communication, by the controller of the second power storage pack, a signal including the identification information received from the charging device when the second power storage pack detached from the second charging slot is mounted in the electric movable body; and collating, by a controller of the electric movable body, whether or not the identification information included in the received signal matches the identification information retained in the first power storage pack after the controller of the electric movable body receives the signal transmitted by the near-field communication, and authenticating that the second power
  • the electric movable body or the charging device that controls the power storage pack by using wireless communication correctly identify the mounted power storage pack.
  • FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of vehicle system 1 using replaceable battery pack 10 according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • Vehicle system 1 includes plural battery packs 10, at least one charging device 20, and plural vehicles 30 are used.
  • an electric motorcycle (electric scooter) is assumed as vehicle 30.
  • Battery pack 10 is a portable or replaceable battery pack capable of being mounted and detached, and can be mounted in a mounting slot of vehicle 30 and a charging slot of charging device 20. Battery pack 10 is charged while being mounted in the charging slot of charging device 20. Charged battery pack 10 is taken out by a user (usually, a driver of vehicle 30) and is mounted in the mounting slot of vehicle 30. Battery pack 10 mounted in the mounting slot of vehicle 30 is discharged during traveling of vehicle 30, and has a state of charge reduced accordingly. Battery pack 10 having the reduced state of charge is taken out by the user and is mounted in the charging slot of charging device 20. The user takes out charged battery pack 10 from another charging slot of charging device 20 and mounts the charged battery pack in the mounting slot of vehicle 30. Battery pack 10 having the reduced state of charge is thus replaced with charged battery pack 10. As a result, the user does not need to wait for the charging of battery pack 10, and can restart the traveling of vehicle 30 in a short time.
  • a control signal is transmitted and received between battery pack 10 and each of vehicle 30 and charging device 20 by wireless communication.
  • a terminal for a communication line can be eliminated from a connector.
  • a terminal for a power line may be provided in the connector.
  • Near-field communication is used for wireless communication between vehicle 30 and battery pack 10, wireless communication between charging device 20 and battery pack 10, and wireless communication between vehicle 30 and charging device 20.
  • Bluetooth ® , Wi-Fi ® , infrared communication, and the like may be used as the near-field communication.
  • BLE Bluetooth ® Low Energy
  • the BLE is an extended standard of Bluetooth ® , and is a low-power-consumption near-field communication standard using a 2.4 GHz band. Since the BLE has low power consumption such that the battery pack may be powered for several years with a single button cell, the battery pack is suitable for battery powering, and the influence on the state of charge of battery pack 10 may be almost ignored. Since a lot of modules for BLE communication are put in the market, the modules may be obtained at low cost.
  • the BLE has high affinity with a smartphone, and can provide various services in cooperation with the smartphone.
  • a radio wave coverage of the BLE is about 10 m. Therefore, plural vehicles 30, plural battery packs 10, and charging devices 20 may exist within a communication range of the BLE. Since the plural charging slots are provided in charging device 20, charging device 20 needs to wirelessly communicate with plural battery packs 10 mounted in plural charging slots. That is, a 1:N network is established between charging device 20 and each of plural battery packs 10. Similarly, in the case that plural mounting slots are provided in vehicle 30, vehicle 30 needs to wirelessly communicate with plural battery packs 10 mounted in the plural mounting slots. That is, a 1:N network is established between vehicle 30 and each of the plural battery packs 10.
  • the identity between battery pack 10 physically connected and battery pack 10 connected by wireless communication is confirmed by identification information (ID).
  • ID may be temporal identification information.
  • ID may include identification information unique to each device.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of charging device 20 according to the exemplary embodiment.
  • Charging device 20 includes charging stand 21, controller 22, display unit 27, operation unit 28, and charging unit 29.
  • Controller 22 includes at least processing unit 23, antenna 25, and wireless communication unit 26.
  • Charging stand 21 has plural charging slots SLc1 to SLc8 in which plural battery packs 10 are mounted, respectively.
  • the number of charging slots is eight.
  • the number of charging slots may be two or more, and may be four, for example.
  • Each of charging slots SLc1 to SLc8 includes a connector including a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal.
  • the charging slots are electrically conducted to a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal included in the connector of battery pack 10, respectively.
  • the negative electrode terminal included in the connector of each of charging slots SLc1 to SLc8 and the negative electrode terminal included in the connector of battery pack 10 may be solid grounds.
  • pins included in the connector of battery pack 10 may be integrated with one of positive electrode terminal pins, and the number of projection portions of the connector with defect may be reduced.
  • Processing unit 13 (see FIG. 4 ) of each battery pack 10 mounted in charging stand 21 transmits and receives a control signal to and from processing unit 23 in controller 22 via the near-field communication and a power line. A specific method for transmitting and receiving the control signal between the processing units will be described later.
  • Charging unit 29 is connected to commercial power system 2, and is configured to charge battery pack 10 mounted in charging stand 21. Charging unit 29 generates direct-current (DC) power by performing full-wave rectifying of alternating-current (AC) power supplied from commercial power system 2 and smoothing the rectified AC power with a filter.
  • DC direct-current
  • Relays are provided between the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal of charging unit 29 and the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal of each of charging slots SLc1 to SLc8.
  • Processing unit 23 controls control conduction or interruption of each of charging slots SLc1 to SLc8 by controlling turning on (closing) and turning off (opening) of each relay.
  • a DC/DC converter (not illustrated) may be provided between the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal of charging unit 29 and the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal of each of charging slots SLc1 to SLc8.
  • processing unit 23 controls a charging voltage or a charging current of each battery pack 10 by controlling the DC/DC converter. For example, constant current (CC) charging or constant voltage (CV) charging can be performed.
  • the DC/DC converter may be provided in battery pack 10. When an AC/DC converter is mounted in battery pack 10, battery pack 10 may be charged with AC power from charging unit 29.
  • Processing unit 23 is, for example, a microcomputer.
  • Wireless communication unit 26 executes a near-field communication process.
  • wireless communication unit 26 includes a BLE module, and antenna 25 includes a chip antenna built in the BLE module or a pattern antenna.
  • Wireless communication unit 26 outputs data received via near-field communication to processing unit 23, and transmits data input from processing unit 23 via near-field communication.
  • Processing unit 23 may acquire battery state information from battery pack 10 mounted in charging stand 21. At least one of voltage, current, temperature, state of charge (SOC), and state of health (SOH) of plural cells E1 to En (see FIG. 4 ) in battery pack 10 can be acquired as the battery state information.
  • SOC state of charge
  • SOH state of health
  • Display unit 27 includes a display, and displays guidance to the user (usually, the driver of vehicle 30) who uses charging device 20 on the display.
  • Operation unit 28 is a user interface such as a touch panel, and accepts an operation from the user.
  • Charging device 20 may further include a loudspeaker (not illustrated) and may output audio guidance from the loudspeaker to the user.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of vehicle 30 according to the exemplary embodiment.
  • Vehicle 30 includes battery mounting unit 31, vehicle controller 32, meter panel 39, inverter 310, motor 311, and tire 312.
  • Vehicle controller 32 includes at least processing unit 33, antenna 35, and wireless communication unit 36.
  • Battery mounting unit 31 has at least one of mounting slots SLal and SLa2 for mounting at least one battery pack 10.
  • the number of mounting slots is two, the number of mounting slots may be one or three or more.
  • Each of mounting slots SLal and SLa2 includes a connector including a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal, and when battery pack 10 is mounted, the mounting slots are electrically conducted to the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal included in the connector of battery pack 10, respectively.
  • the negative electrode terminal portion included in the connector of each of mounting slots SLal and SLa2 may be a solid GND.
  • Processing unit 13 (see FIG. 4 ) of each battery pack 10 mounted in battery mounting unit 31 transmits and receives a control signal to and from processing unit 33 in vehicle controller 32 via near-field communication and a power line. A specific method for transmitting and receiving the control signal between the processing units will be described later.
  • the plural positive electrode terminals of the plural mounting slots SLal and SLa2 are connected to a positive-side power bus, and the plural negative electrode terminals are connected to a negative-side power bus. Therefore, the plural battery packs 10 mounted in the plural mounting slots SLal and SLa2 are electrically connected in parallel to one another. Therefore, as the number of battery packs 10 mounted in battery mounting unit 31 increases, the capacity increases.
  • the plural battery packs 10 mounted in the plural mounting slots SLal and SLa2 may be electrically connected in series to one another. In this case, an output voltage is increased.
  • a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal of battery mounting unit 31 are connected to a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal of inverter 310, respectively, via main relay RYm.
  • Main relay RYm functions as a contactor between vehicle 30 and battery pack 10.
  • Processing unit 33 controls conduction or interruption between vehicle 30 and battery pack 10 by controlling turning on and off of main relay RYm.
  • Inverter 310 converts DC power supplied from battery pack 10 mounted in battery mounting unit 31 into AC power and supplies the AC power to motor 311 at the time of power running.
  • the inverter converts AC power supplied from motor 311 into DC power and supplies the DC power to battery pack 10 mounted in battery mounting unit 31 at the time of regeneration.
  • Motor 311 is a three-phase AC motor, and rotates in accordance with the AC power supplied from inverter 310 at the time of power running. At the time of regeneration, the motor converts rotational energy created by deceleration into AC power and supplies the AC power to inverter 310.
  • a rotary shaft of motor 311 is coupled to a rotary shaft of tire 312 of a rear wheel.
  • a transmission may be provided between the rotary shaft of motor 311 and the rotary shaft of tire 312.
  • Vehicle controller 32 is a vehicle electronic controller (ECU) configured to control entire vehicle 30.
  • Processing unit 33 of vehicle controller 32 includes a microcomputer.
  • Wireless communication unit 36 executes a near-field communication process.
  • wireless communication unit 36 includes a BLE module, and antenna 35 includes a chip antenna built in the BLE module or a pattern antenna.
  • Wireless communication unit 36 outputs data received via near-field communication to processing unit 33, and transmits data input from processing unit 33 via the near-field communication.
  • Processing unit 33 may acquire battery state information from battery pack 10 mounted in battery mounting unit 31. Information of at least one of voltage, current, temperature, SOC, and SOH of plural cells E1 to En (see FIG. 4 ) in battery pack 10 can be acquired as the battery state information. Processing unit 33 may acquire a speed of vehicle 30.
  • Meter panel 39 displays state information of vehicle 30. For example, the speed of vehicle 30 and the state of charge (SOC) of battery pack 10 are displayed. The driver may determine the necessity of replacement of battery pack 10 by looking at the state of charge (SOC) of battery pack 10 displayed on meter panel 39.
  • SOC state of charge
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a system configuration example of battery pack 10 mounted in vehicle 30 and vehicle controller 32 according to the exemplary embodiment.
  • two battery packs 10a and 10b are mounted in battery mounting unit 31 of vehicle 30 (see FIG. 3 ).
  • Battery pack 10 includes battery module 11 and battery controller 12. Battery module 11 is connected on a power line internally connecting positive electrode terminal Tp to negative electrode terminal Tm of battery pack 10. Positive electrode terminal Tp of battery pack 10 is connected to the positive-side power bus via slot relay RYs, and negative electrode terminal Tm of battery pack 10 is connected to the negative-side power bus. The positive-side power bus and the negative-side power bus are connected to inverter 310 via main relay RYm (see FIG. 3 ).
  • Battery module 11 includes plural cells E1 to En connected in series to one another.
  • Battery module 11 may include plural battery modules connected in series to one another or in series and parallel to one another.
  • Each cell may be a lithium ion battery cell, a nickel metal hydride battery cell, a lead battery cell, or the like.
  • a lithium ion battery cell having a nominal voltage of 3.6 V to 3.7 V
  • the number of cells E1 to En is determined in accordance with a drive voltage of motor 311.
  • a communication path is branched from node N1 between positive electrode terminal Tp of battery pack 10 and battery module 11.
  • Power relay RYp is inserted between node N1 and battery module 11.
  • Current sensor 17 is installed on the power line internally connecting positive electrode terminal Tp to negative electrode terminal Tm of battery pack 10.
  • Current sensor 17 is installed at a position closer to negative electrode terminal Tm than power relay RYp.
  • Current sensor 17 is configured to measure a current flowing through battery module 11, and outputs the measured current value to processing unit 13 of battery controller 12.
  • Current sensor 17 may include, for example, a combination of a shunt resistor, a differential amplifier, and an A/D converter.
  • a Hall element may be used in place of the shunt resistor.
  • Battery controller 12 includes processing unit 13, voltage measurement unit 14, antenna 15, and wireless communication unit 16.
  • Voltage measurement unit 14 is connected via plural voltage measurement lines to nodes between plural cells E1 to En, connected in series to one another.
  • Voltage measurement unit 14 is configured to measure voltages of cells E1 to En by measuring each voltage between two adjacent voltage measurement lines.
  • Voltage measurement unit 14 transmits the measured voltages of cells E1 to En to processing unit 13.
  • Voltage measurement unit 14 has a higher voltage than processing unit 13 and hence, voltage measurement unit 14 is connected to processing unit 13 via a communication line while voltage measurement unit 14 is insulated from processing unit 13.
  • Voltage measurement unit 14 can be implemented by an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or a general-purpose analog front-end IC.
  • Voltage measurement unit 14 includes a multiplexer and an A/D converter. The multiplexer outputs a voltage between two adjacent voltage measurement lines to the A/D converter in order from the top. The A/D converter converts analog voltages input from the multiplexer into digital values.
  • At least one temperature sensor is installed near plural cells E1 to En.
  • the temperature sensor measures the temperatures of cells E1 to En, and outputs the measured temperatures to processing unit 13.
  • the temperature sensor may include, for example, a combination of a thermistor, a voltage dividing resistor, and an A/D converter.
  • Fitting detector 18 is configured to detect a fitting state between the connector of battery pack 10 and the connector of battery mounting unit 31 of vehicle 30.
  • the connector of battery pack 10 may be a female connector
  • the connector of battery mounting unit 31 of vehicle 30 may be a male connector.
  • Fitting detector 18 outputs activation signals corresponding to connection states of both the connectors to processing unit 13.
  • the activation signal is defined by a binary signal: an ON signal output while both the connectors are connected to each other; and an OFF signal output while both the connectors are separated to each other.
  • Fitting detector 18 may be implemented by, for example, a reed switch. In this case, fitting detector 18 magnetically determines whether both the connectors are connected to each other or not.
  • the fitting detector may be implemented by a sensor configured to mechanically detect the presence or absence of connection between both the connectors may be used.
  • Wireless communication unit 16 executes a near-field communication process.
  • wireless communication unit 16 includes a BLE module, and antenna 15 includes a chip antenna built in the BLE module or a pattern antenna.
  • Wireless communication unit 16 is configured to output, to processing unit 13, data received via near-field communication, and to transmit, via near-field communication, data input from processing unit 13.
  • Node N1 between positive electrode terminal Tp of battery pack 10 and battery module 11 is connected to processing unit 13 via a communication path.
  • Fuse F1, resistor R1, and pack-side communication relay RYc are connected in series to one another on the communication path.
  • Fuse F1 is a protector preventing an overcurrent from flowing into processing unit 13 from the power line.
  • Processing unit 13 includes a microcomputer. Processing unit 13 is activated when the activation signal input from fitting detector 18 is turned on, and is shut down when the activation signal is turned off. Instead of shutdown, transition to a standby state or a sleep state may be performed.
  • Processing unit 13 controls conduction or interruption of the communication path between node N1 and processing unit 13 by controlling turning on and off of pack-side communication relay RYc.
  • Processing unit 13 is configured to control states of cells E1 to En based on the voltage values, the current values, and the temperature values of the cells E1 to En measured by voltage measurement unit 14, current sensor 17, and the temperature sensor. For example, when overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, high-temperature anomaly, or low-temperature anomaly occurs, processing unit 13 turns off power relay RYp to protect the cells E1 to En.
  • Processing unit 13 is configured to estimate the SOCs and the SOHs of cells E1 to En. Processing unit 13 is configured to estimate the SOCs by an open circuit voltage (OCV) method or a current integration method.
  • the SOH is defined as a ratio of a current full charge capacity to an initial full charge capacity.
  • the SOH having a lower value (closer to 0%) indicates that degradation progresses more.
  • the SOH may be obtained by measuring the capacity through full charging and discharging, or may be obtained by adding storage degradation and cycle degradation.
  • the storage degradation may be estimated based on the SOC, the temperature, and a storage degradation rate.
  • the cycle degradation may be estimated based on a range of the SOC in which the battery pack is used, a temperature, a current rate, and a cycle degradation rate.
  • the storage degradation rate and the cycle degradation rate may be previously derived by experiments or simulations.
  • the SOC, the temperature, the range of the range of the SOC, and the current rate may be obtained by measurement.
  • the SOH may be estimated based on a correlation between the SOH and an internal resistance of a cell.
  • the internal resistance may be estimated by dividing, by the current value, a voltage drop that occurs when a predetermined current flows through the cell for a predetermined time. The internal resistance decreases as the temperature rises, and increases as the SOH decreases.
  • vehicle controller 32 includes processing unit 33, relay controller 34, antenna 35, wireless communication unit 36, and pack detector 37.
  • Relay controller 34 is configured to control turning on and off of main relay RYm, first slot relay RYsa, and second slot relay RYsb in response to an instruction from processing unit 33.
  • Node Na between positive electrode terminal Tp of first battery pack 10a and first slot relay RYsa is connected to processing unit 33 of vehicle controller 32 via a communication path.
  • Fuse F2a and first vehicle-side communication relay RYca are connected in series to each other on the communication path.
  • Processing unit 33 controls conduction or interruption of the communication path between node Na and processing unit 33 by controlling turning on and off of first vehicle-side communication relay RYca.
  • node Nb between positive electrode terminal Tp of second battery pack 10b and second slot relay RYsb is connected to processing unit 33 of vehicle controller 32 via a communication path.
  • Fuse F2b and second vehicle-side communication relay RYcb are connected in series to each other on the communication path.
  • Processing unit 33 controls conduction or interruption of the communication path between node Nb and processing unit 33 by controlling turning on and off of second vehicle-side communication relay RYcb.
  • three or more mounting slots are provided in battery mounting unit 31 of vehicle 30, three or more slot relays RYs and three or more communication paths (fuse F2 and vehicle-side communication relay RYc) are provided in parallel.
  • First fitting detector 38a detects a fitting state between the connector of first mounting slot SLal of battery mounting unit 31 and the connector of first battery pack 10a, and outputs to pack detector 37 a detection signal indicating that these connectors are fitted.
  • second fitting detector 38b detects a fitting state between the connector of second mounting slot SLa2 of battery mounting unit 31 and the connector of second battery pack 10b, and outputs to pack detector 37 a detection signal indicating that these connectors are fitted.
  • First fitting detector 38a and second fitting detector 38b may detect whether or not the connectors of the mounting slots are connected to the connectors of battery pack 10 by a magnetic method or a mechanical method.
  • Pack detector 37 outputs to processing unit 33 activation signals corresponding to detection signals input from fitting detectors 38a and 38b. When at least one of the detection signals indicates the connection state, pack detector 37 outputs an activation signal including a slot number of the connection state. When all of the detection signals indicate disconnection states, pack detector 37 controls the activation signal such that the activation signal is in an off state.
  • processing unit 33 is activated when the activation signal input from pack detector 37 indicates that at least one battery pack 10 is mounted, and is shut down when the activation signal is turned off. Instead of shutdown, transition to a standby state or a sleep state may be performed.
  • processing unit 33 of vehicle controller 32 may transmit and receive a control signal to and from processing unit 13 of battery controller 12 via near-field communication.
  • Processing unit 33 of vehicle controller 32 may transmit and receive the control signal to and from processing unit 13 of battery controller 12 wiredly, i.e., via a wired path.
  • processing unit 33 of vehicle controller 32 turns off first slot relay RYsa and turns on first vehicle-side communication relay RYca.
  • Processing unit 13 of first battery pack 10a turns off power relay RYp and turns on pack-side communication relay RYc of first battery pack 10a.
  • the wired path between processing unit 33 of vehicle controller 32 and processing unit 13 of first battery pack 10a is electrically conducted while being insulated from vehicle 30 and a high-voltage unit of battery pack 10. Therefore, serial communication may be performed between processing unit 33 of vehicle controller 32 and processing unit 13 of first battery pack 10a at a voltage (for example, less than or equal to a voltage of 5V) corresponding to an operating voltage of the processing unit.
  • processing unit 33 of vehicle controller 32 turns off second slot relay RYsb and turns on second vehicle-side communication relay RYcb.
  • processing unit 13 of second battery pack 10b turns off power relay RYp and turns on pack-side communication relay RYc in second battery pack 10b.
  • the wired path between processing unit 33 of vehicle controller 32 and processing unit 13 of second battery pack 10b is electrically conducted while being insulated from vehicle 30 and the high-voltage unit of battery pack 10.
  • processing unit 23 of charging device 20 may transmit and receive a control signal to and from processing unit 13 of battery controller 12 via near-field communication.
  • Processing unit 23 of charging device 20 may transmit and receive the control signal to and from processing unit 13 of battery controller 12 wiredly, via a wired path.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a basic concept of a process of authenticating, by vehicle controller 32, battery pack 10 mounted in mounting slot SLa of vehicle 30.
  • Vehicle controller 32 is basically configured to identify battery pack 10 by searching for a radio wave of the near-field communication transmitted from battery pack 10. Specifically, when battery pack 10 is mounted in mounting slot SLa, vehicle controller 32 wiredly transmits ID1. Upon wiredly receiving the ID1 from vehicle controller 32, battery controller 12 of battery pack 10 transmits a signal including the ID1 via near-field communication.
  • vehicle controller 32 Upon receiving the signal via the near-field communication, vehicle controller 32 collates the ID included in the received signal with ID1 previously transmitted wiredly. When both the IDs match, vehicle controller 32 authenticates that battery pack 10 mounted in mounting slot SLa is identical to a partner device communicating via the near-field communication. When both the IDs do not match, vehicle controller 32 determines that the partner device communicating via the near-field communication is not identical to battery pack 10 mounted in mounting slot SLa, and does not authenticate battery pack 10 of the partner device. For example, when a signal including ID2 is received, since the ID does not match ID1 transmitted wiredly, battery pack 10 which has transmitted the signal including the ID2 is not authenticated.
  • Vehicle controller 32 may determine identity between battery pack 10 mounted in mounting slot SLa and the partner device communicating via the near-field communication by transmitting the ID via the near-field communication and collating the transmitted ID with the ID received wiredly from battery controller 12 of battery pack 10.
  • a basic concept of the process of authenticating, by vehicle controller 32, battery pack 10 mounted in mounting slot SLa of vehicle 30 has been described above, the same is applicable to a case where controller 22 of charging device 20 authenticates battery pack 10 mounted in charging slot SLc of charging device 20.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically illustrating a flow of ID assignment to battery pack 10 after replacement when battery pack 10 mounted in mounting slot SLa of vehicle 30 is replaced.
  • first charging slot SLc1 of charging device 20 is an empty slot
  • charged second battery pack 10b is mounted in second charging slot SLc2.
  • First battery pack 10a having a reduced state of charge is mounted in first mounting slot SLal of vehicle 30.
  • First battery pack 10a includes a vehicle ID authenticated by vehicle controller 32. The vehicle ID ensures the identity between first battery pack 10a as a physical connection partner device and first battery pack 10a as a connection partner device of wireless communication as viewed from vehicle 30.
  • state 2 the user (usually, the driver of vehicle 30) detaches first battery pack 10a from first mounting slot SLal of vehicle 30, and detached first battery pack 10a is mounted in first charging slot SLc1 of charging device 20.
  • first battery pack 10a is rented, a work of returning first battery pack 10a to charging device 20 is performed.
  • battery controller 12 of first battery pack 10a transmits the vehicle ID retained therein to controller 22 of charging device 20.
  • controller 22 of charging device 20 transmits, to battery controller 12 of second battery pack 10b, the vehicle ID received from battery controller 12 of first battery pack 10a, and writes the vehicle ID to battery controller 12 of second battery pack 10b.
  • state 4 the user detaches second battery pack 10b from second charging slot SLc2 of charging device 20, and detached second battery pack 10b is mounted in first mounting slot SLal of vehicle 30. Battery pack 10 mounted in first mounting slot SLal of vehicle 30 is thus physically replaced. Since second battery pack 10b already has the vehicle ID, identity between second battery pack 10b as a physical connection partner device and second battery pack 10b as a partner device communicating wirelessly as viewed from vehicle 30 is secured.
  • FIG. 7 is a sequence diagram illustrating a detailed process flow when battery pack 10 mounted in mounting slot SLa of vehicle 30 is replaced (part 1).
  • FIG. 8 is a sequence diagram illustrating a detailed process flow when battery pack 10 mounted in mounting slot SLa of vehicle 30 is replaced (part 2).
  • thin dotted lines denote wireless communication
  • thin solid lines denote wired communication
  • thick dotted lines denote physical movement of the battery pack
  • thick solid lines denote charging and discharging of battery packs.
  • First charging slot SLc1 of charging device 20 is an empty slot, and second battery pack 10b is mounted in second charging slot SLc2.
  • Second battery pack 10b includes a charging ID1 authenticated by controller 22 of charging device 20.
  • the charging ID1 ensures identity between second battery pack 10b as a physical connection partner device and second battery pack 10b as a partner device communicating wirelessly as viewed from charging device 20.
  • Charging device 20 charges second battery pack 10b mounted in second charging slot SLc2. That is, a charging current flows from charging unit 29 to second battery pack 10b mounted in second charging slot SLc2.
  • the upper limit value may be an SOC corresponding to a full charge capacity or an SOC lower than the full charge capacity (for example, 90%).
  • First battery pack 10a is mounted in first mounting slot SLal of vehicle 30.
  • First battery pack 10a includes a vehicle ID authenticated by vehicle controller 32.
  • the vehicle ID ensures identity between first battery pack 10a as a physical connection partner device and first battery pack 10a as a connection partner device of wireless communication as viewed from vehicle 30. While vehicle 30 travels, a discharge current flows from first battery pack 10a to motor 311 via inverter 310. The SOC of first battery pack 10a decreases as vehicle 30 travels.
  • vehicle controller 32 When an ignition-off operation is performed by the user (usually, the driver of vehicle 30), vehicle controller 32 accepts the ignition-off operation (P3a). Upon accepting the ignition off operation, vehicle controller 32 transmits a shutdown instruction to battery controller 12 of first battery pack 10a via near-field communication. Upon receiving the shutdown instruction from vehicle controller 32, battery controller 12 of first battery pack 10a is shut down (P3b).
  • first battery pack 10a is unmounted from first mounting slot SLal of vehicle 30 by the user and first battery pack 10a is mounted in first charging slot SLc1 of charging device 20
  • fitting detector 18 of first battery pack 10a detects the fitting in first charging slot SLc1 (P3c)
  • battery controller 12 of first battery pack 10a is activated (P3e).
  • Controller 22 of charging device 20 detects that battery pack 10 is mounted in first charging slot SLc1 (P3d).
  • Battery controller 12 of first battery pack 10a notifies, of the vehicle ID, controller 22 of charging device 20 wiredly (P3f).
  • the notification of the vehicle ID may be performed by copying or moving the vehicle ID.
  • battery controller 12 of first battery pack 10a notifies controller 22 of charging device 20 of the vehicle ID, and deletes the vehicle ID from battery controller 12 of first battery pack 10a.
  • Controller 22 of charging device 20 wiredly transmits a charging ID2 to battery controller 12 of first battery pack 10a mounted in first charging slot SLc1, and writes the charging ID2 to battery controller 12 of first battery pack 10a (P3g).
  • battery controller 12 of first battery pack 10a receives the charging ID2
  • battery controller 12 serves as a beacon terminal (peripheral terminal) and executes advertising via near-field communication (P3h).
  • battery controller 12 transmits periodically at constant intervals an advertisement packet including the charging ID2 received wiredly, as a beacon packet.
  • the advertisement packet functions as a signal for notifying controller 22 of charging device 20 as the central terminal or vehicle controller 32 of vehicle 30 of the presence of the host vehicle.
  • controller 22 of charging device 20 Upon receiving the advertisement packet, controller 22 of charging device 20 collates the charging ID included in the received advertisement packet with the charging ID previously transmitted wiredly (P3i). In the example illustrated in FIG. 7 , when the charging ID included in the received advertisement packet is the charging ID2, the collation succeeds. When the charging ID is not the charging ID2, the collation does not succeed, thus failing. When the collation fails, controller 22 of charging device 20 continues scanning of the advertisement packet. When the collation succeeds, controller 22 of charging device 20 starts a connection process to be connected to battery controller 12 of first battery pack 10a (P3j).
  • controller 22 of charging device 20 transmits a connection request to battery controller 12 of first battery pack 10a.
  • encryption parameters for example, the number of digits of an encryption key and an encryption level
  • Battery controller 12 of first battery pack 10a generates an encryption key used to encrypt communication data based on the exchanged encryption parameter (P3k).
  • Controller 22 of charging device 20 generates an encryption key used to encrypt the communication data based on the exchanged encryption parameter (P3l).
  • the generated encryption keys are exchanged between controller 22 of charging device 20 and battery controller 12 of first battery pack 10a.
  • pairing between controller 22 of charging device 20 and battery controller 12 of first battery pack 10a is completed (P3m). The completion of the pairing completes a process of returning first battery pack 10a to charging device 20.
  • Controller 22 of charging device 20 selects another battery pack 10 with which first battery pack 10a is replaced (P3n). Specifically, controller 22 of charging device 20 selects one of charged battery packs 10 mounted in the charging slots SLc of charging stand 21. In the example illustrated in FIG. 7 , charged second battery pack 10b mounted in second charging slot SLc2 is selected.
  • Controller 22 of charging device 20 wiredly transmits, to battery controller 12 of selected second battery pack 10b, the vehicle ID which has been acquired from battery controller 12 of first battery pack 10a, and writes the vehicle ID to battery controller 12 of second battery pack 10b (P3o).
  • Controller 22 of charging device 20 transmits a shutdown instruction to battery controller 12 of selected second battery pack 10b via near-field communication, and executes a disconnection process to be disconnected from battery controller 12 of second battery pack 10b (P3p).
  • P3p battery controller 12 of second battery pack 10b
  • P3q battery controller 12 of second battery pack 10b transmits a shutdown completion notification to controller 22 of charging device 20 immediately before being shut down.
  • controller 22 of charging device 20 Upon receiving the shutdown completion notification from battery controller 12 of second battery pack 10b, controller 22 of charging device 20 instructs the user of vehicle 30 to detach second battery pack 10b mounted in second charging slot SLc2 (P3r). For example, controller 22 of charging device 20 causes display unit 27 to display a message instructing the user to detach second battery pack 10b mounted in second charging slot SLc2. At this moment, controller 22 of charging device 20 may output audio guidance from a loudspeaker (not illustrated) to the user. Only a lamp (not illustrated) of second charging slot SLc2 may be turned on or off. Only a lamp (not illustrated) of second charging slot SLc2 may be turned on in a color different from color of the lamp of the other charging slot.
  • fitting detector 18 of second battery pack 10b detects fitting to first mounting slot SLal (P3s), and battery controller 12 of second battery pack 10b is activated (P3u).
  • fitting detector 38 of vehicle 30 detects that battery pack 10 is mounted in first mounting slot SLal (P3t)
  • vehicle controller 32 is activated (P3v).
  • Controller 22 of charging device 20 starts charging control of first battery pack 10a mounted in first charging slot SLc1 (P3w). Specifically, controller 22 of charging device 20 transmits a charging instruction to battery controller 12 of first battery pack 10a via near-field communication, and turns on second slot relay RYsb. Upon receiving the charging instruction, battery controller 12 of first battery pack 10a turns on power relay RYp. As a result, a charging current flows from charging unit 29 of charging device 20 to first battery pack 10a mounted in first charging slot SLc1.
  • Battery controller 12 of second battery pack 10b serves as a beacon terminal and executes advertising via near-field communication (P3z). Specifically, battery controller 12 transmits periodically at constant intervals, as a beacon packet, an advertisement packet including the vehicle ID written by controller 22 of charging device 20.
  • P3z near-field communication
  • vehicle controller 32 Upon receiving the advertisement packet, vehicle controller 32 collates the vehicle ID included in the received advertisement packet with the vehicle ID assigned to first battery pack 10a (P3A). When the collation of the vehicle ID fails, vehicle controller 32 continues scanning of the advertisement packet. When the collation of the vehicle IDs succeeds, vehicle controller 32 starts a connection process to be connected to battery controller 12 of second battery pack 10b (P3B).
  • vehicle controller 32 transmits a connection request to battery controller 12 of second battery pack 10b. Subsequently, encryption parameters are exchanged between vehicle controller 32 and battery controller 12 of second battery pack 10b. Battery controller 12 of second battery pack 10b generates an encryption key used to encrypt the communication data based on the exchanged encryption parameter (P3C). Vehicle controller 32 generates an encryption key used to encrypt communication data based on the exchanged encryption parameter (P3D). Finally, the generated encryption keys are exchanged between vehicle controller 32 and battery controller 12 of second battery pack 10b, thereby completing a pairing between vehicle controller 32 and battery controller 12 of second battery pack 10b (P3E). After the pairing is completed, vehicle controller 32 transmits a shutdown instruction to battery controller 12 of second battery pack 10b via near-field communication. Upon receiving the shutdown instruction from vehicle controller 32, battery controller 12 of second battery pack 10b is shut down (P3F).
  • FIG. 9 is a sequence diagram illustrating a process flow according to a modification of the process illustrated in FIG. 8 .
  • a mechanism for enhancing the reliability of the authentication process by vehicle controller 32 of battery pack 10 mounted in first mounting slot SLal is introduced.
  • differences from the process illustrated in FIG. 8 will be described.
  • vehicle controller 32 When battery controller 12 of second battery pack 10b is activated in process P3u and vehicle controller 32 is activated in process P3v, vehicle controller 32 wiredly transmits the vehicle ID assigned to first battery pack 10a to battery controller 12 of second battery pack 10b, and writes the vehicle ID to battery controller 12 of second battery pack 10b (P3x).
  • battery controller 12 of second battery pack 10b collates the vehicle ID received from vehicle controller 32 with the vehicle ID written by controller 22 of charging device 20 (P3y).
  • Battery controller 12 of second battery pack 10b wiredly transmits the collation result to vehicle controller 32.
  • Vehicle controller 32 displays, on meter panel 39, a warning that incorrect battery pack 10 is mounted in first mounting slot SLal. After visually confirming the displayed warning, the user returns incorrectly mounted battery pack 10 to charging device 20, detaches correct battery pack 10 from charging device 20, and mounts the detached battery pack to first mounting slot SLal. When new battery pack 10 is mounted in first mounting slot SLal, the process returns to process P3s and process P3t.
  • the vehicle ID in battery pack 10 is written to anther battery pack 10 for replacement via charging device 20.
  • vehicle 30 correctly identifies mounted battery pack 10 based on the vehicle ID.
  • This configuration provides no malfunction, such as erroneous control of battery pack 10 mounted in another nearby vehicle 30 by vehicle controller 32 of certain vehicle 30, and secures the safety and security of entire vehicle system 1 using replaceable battery pack 10 and charging device 20. The user safely drives vehicle 30 only by detaching battery pack 10 mounted in charging device 20 and mounting the battery pack in vehicle 30.
  • the control signals are transmitted and received between battery pack 10 and each of vehicle 30 and charging device 20 via near-field communication.
  • This configuration reduces the number of pins included in the connector of battery pack 10. As a result, it is possible to reduce a mechanical connection failure between battery pack 10 and each of vehicle 30 and charging device 20.
  • Firmware used in battery controller 12 of battery pack 10 can be updated via wireless communication, and the firmware can be easily updated.
  • the above-described exemplary embodiment has described an example of using battery pack 10 incorporating battery module 11 including the lithium ion battery cell, the nickel hydrogen battery cell, the lead battery cell, or the like.
  • a capacitor pack incorporating a capacitor module including an electric double layer capacitor cell, a lithium ion capacitor cell, or the like may be used.
  • the battery pack and the capacitor pack are collectively referred to as a power storage pack.
  • Each relay in the above-described exemplary embodiment may be appropriately replaced with a semiconductor switch.
  • vehicle 30 may be an electric bicycle.
  • vehicle 30 may be a four-wheeled electric automobile (EV).
  • the electric automobile includes not only a full-standard electric automobile but also a low-speed electric automobile such as a golf cart or a land car used in a shopping mall or an entertainment facility.
  • An electric movable body using replaceable battery pack 10 as a power source is not limited to vehicle 30.
  • the electric movable body also includes an electric ship.
  • a power source of a water bus or a water taxi may be replaceable battery pack 10.
  • the electric movable body also includes a train.
  • a train on which replaceable battery pack 10 is mounted can be used instead of a diesel train used in a non-electrified route.
  • the electric movable body also includes an electric flying object.
  • the electric flight object includes a multi-copter (drone).
  • the multi-copter includes a so-called flying car. Any electric movable body can shorten an energy supply time.
  • the exemplary embodiment may be specified by the following items.
  • a power storage pack (10) authentication method includes the following steps.
  • a controller (12) of a first power storage pack (10a) wiredly transmits identification information retained in the first power storage pack (10a) to a controller (22) of a charging device (20) when the first power storage pack (10a) detached from an electric movable body (30) is mounted in a first charging slot (SLc1) of the charging device (20).
  • the controller (22) of the charging device (20) wiredly transmits the identification information received from the first power storage pack (10a) to a controller (12) of a second power storage pack (10b) which is replaceable with the first power storage pack (10a) and which is mounted in a second charging slot (SLc2).
  • the controller (12) of the second power storage pack (10b) transmits via near-field communication a signal including the identification information received from the charging device (20) when the second power storage pack (10b) detached from the second charging slot (SLc2) is mounted in the electric movable body (30).
  • a controller (32) of the electric movable body (30) collates whether or not the identification information included in the received signal matches the identification information retained in the first power storage pack (10a) after the controller (32) of the electric movable body (30) receives the signal transmitted by the near-field communication, and authenticates that the second power storage pack (10b) mounted in the electric movable body (30) is identical to a partner device communicating via the near-field communication when the identification information included in the received signal matches the identification information retained in the first power storage pack (10a).
  • controller (32) of electric movable body (30) accurately authenticates whether or not mounted second power storage pack (10b) is identical to the partner device communicating via the near-field communication.
  • the power storage pack authentication method may further include the following steps.
  • the controller (32) of the electric movable body (30) wiredly transmits the identification information retained in the first power storage pack (10a) to the controller (12) of the second power storage pack (10b) mounted in the electric movable body (30) before the controller (12) of the second power storage pack (10b) transmits the signal including the identification information received from the charging device (20) after the second power storage pack (10b) detached from the second charging slot (SLc2) is mounted in the electric movable body (30).
  • the controller (12) of the second power storage pack (10b) collates the identification information received from the charging device (20) with identification information received from the electric movable body (30), and wiredly transmits a result of said collating to the controller (32) of the electric movable body (30).
  • the controller (12) of the second power storage pack (10b) suspends said transmitting via the near-field communication the signal including the identification information received from the charging device (20) when the result of said collating is that the identification information received from the charging device (20) does not match the identification information received from the electric movable body (30).
  • the above controller (32) of electric movable body (30) reliably authenticates whether or not mounted second power storage pack (10b) is identical to the partner device communicating via the near-field communication.
  • the power storage pack authentication method may further include: after the controller (22) of the charging device (20) receives identification information from the first power storage pack (10a) mounted in the first charging slot (SLc1), transmitting wiredly, by the controller (22) of the charging device (20), another identification information to the controller (12) of the first power storage pack (10a); transmitting via near-field communication, by the controller (12) of the first power storage pack (10a), a signal including the another identification information received from the charging device (20); and after the controller (22) of the charging device (20) receives the signal transmitted via the near-field communication, collating, by the controller (22) of the charging device (20), whether or not the identification information included in the received signal matches the another identification information transmitted wiredly, and authenticating that the first power storage pack (10a) mounted in the first charging slot (SLc1) is identical to a partner device communicating via the near-field communication when the identification information included in the received signal matches the another identification information transmitted wiredly.
  • the above controller (22) of charging device (20) accurately authenticates whether or not the partner communicating via the near-field communication is identical to first power storage pack (10a) mounted in first charging slot (SLc1).
  • the power storage pack authentication method according to any one of items 1 to 3, wherein the near-field communication may be Bluetooth ® Low Energy (BLE).
  • BLE Bluetooth ® Low Energy
  • the near-field communication may be performed with low power consumption.
  • a power storage pack (10) includes: a power storage unit (11) configured to supply electric power to an electric movable body (30); and a controller (12) configured to communicate with a controller (32) of the electric movable body (30) and a controller (22) of a charging device (20).
  • the controller (12) is configured to: wiredly transmit identification information retained in the power storage pack to the controller (22) of the charging device (20) after the power storage pack is detached from the electric movable body (30) and is mounted in a charging slot of the charging device (20); wiredly receive another identification information from the controller (22) of the charging device (20) after a charging of the power storage pack is completed, the another identification information being received by the controller (22) of the charging device (20) from another power storage pack mounted in another charging slot; and transmit via near-field communication a signal including the another identification information received from the charging device (20) after the power storage pack is detached from the charging slot and is mounted in the electric movable body (30).
  • the signal transmitted via the near-field communication is utilized by the controller (32) of the electric movable body (30) for the controller (32) of the electric movable body (30) to authenticate whether or not the power storage pack mounted in the electric movable body (30) is identical to a partner device communicating via the near-field communication.
  • the above controller (32) of electric movable body (30) accurately authenticates whether or not mounted power storage pack (10) is identical to the partner device communicating via the near-field communication.
  • the controller (12) may be configured to: wiredly receive identification information retained in the another power storage pack from the controller (32) of the electric movable body (30) before transmitting via the near-field communication the signal including the another identification information received from the charging device (20) after the power storage pack is mounted in the electric movable body (30); collate the identification information received from the charging device (20) with the identification information received from the electric movable body (30), and wiredly transmit a collation result to the electric movable body (30); and suspend the transmitting, via the near-field communication, of the signal including the another identification information received from the charging device (20) when the collation information is that the identification information received from the charging device (20) does not match the identification information received from the electric movable body (30).
  • the above controller (32) of electric movable body (30) reliably authenticates whether or not mounted power storage pack (10) is identical to the partner device communicating via the near-field communication.
  • a charging device (20) includes: a plurality of charging slots; and a controller (22) configured to communicate with a controller (12) of a power storage pack (10).
  • the controller (22) is configured to: wiredly receives identification information retained in a first power storage pack (10a) from a controller (12) of the first power storage pack (10a) after the first power storage pack (10a) detached from an electric movable body (30) is mounted in a first charging slot (SLc1); wiredly transmit the identification information received from the first power storage pack (10a) to a controller (12) of a second power storage pack (10b) which is replaceable with the first power storage pack (10a) and which is mounted in a second charging slot (SLc2); wiredly transmit another identification information to the controller (12) of the first power storage pack (10a) mounted in the first charging slot (SLc1); after receiving a signal transmitted via near-field communication, collate whether or not the identification information included in the received signal matches the another identification information transmitted wiredly; and authenticate that the first power storage pack (10a) mounted
  • the above controller (22) of charging device (20) accurately authenticates whether or not the partner device communicating via the near-field communication is identical to first power storage pack (10a) mounted in first charging slot (SLc1).
  • An electric movable body (30) includes a motor and a controller (32) configured to communicate with a controller (12) of a power storage pack (10).
  • the controller (32) is configured after receiving a signal via near-field communication after a first power storage pack (10a) is detached from the electric movable body (30) and is mounted in a first charging slot (SLc1) of a charging device (20) and after a second power storage pack (10b) replaceable with the first power storage pack (10a) is detached from a second charging slot (SLc2) of the charging device (20) and is mounted in the electric movable body (30), to: collate whether or not identification information included in the received signal matches identification information retained in the first power storage pack (10a); and authenticate that the second power storage pack (10b) mounted in the electric movable body (30) is identical to a partner device communicating via the near-field communication when the identification information included in the received signal matches identification information retained in the first power storage pack (10a).
  • the above controller (32) of electric movable body (30) accurately authenticates whether or not mounted second power storage pack (10b) is identical to the partner device communicating via the near-field communication.
  • the controller (32) is configured to: wiredly transmit the identification information retained in the first power storage pack (10a) to a controller (12) of the second power storage pack (10b) after the second power storage pack (10b) is mounted in the electric movable body (30); and wiredly receive from the controller (12) of the second power storage pack (10b) a collation result obtained by collating, by the controller (12) of the second power storage pack (10b), the identification information received from the charging device (20) with the identification information received from the electric movable body (30).
  • the above controller (32) of electric movable body (30) reliably authenticates whether or not mounted second power storage pack (10b) is identical to the partner device communicating via the near-field communication.
  • the controller (32) of the electric movable body (30) is configured, after receiving a signal via near-field communication after the first power storage pack (10a) is detached from the electric movable body (30) and is mounted in a first charging slot (SLc1) of the charging device (20) and after a second power storage pack (10b) replaceable with the first power storage pack (10a) is detached from a second charging slot (SLc2) of the charging device (20) is mounted in the electric movable body (30), to: collate whether or not identification information included in the received signal matches identification information retained in the first power storage pack (10a); and authenticate that the second power storage pack (10b) mounted in the electric movable body (30) is identical to a partner device communicating via the near-field communication when the identification information included in the received signal matches identification information retained in the first power storage pack (10a).
  • the above controller of the electric movable body (30) accurately authenticates whether or not second power storage pack (10b) mounted in electric movable body (30) is identical to the partner device communicating via the near-field communication.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Software Systems (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
EP21744034.6A 2020-01-23 2021-01-06 Procédé d'authentification de bloc de stockage d'énergie, bloc de stockage d'énergie, dispositif de charge, corps mobile électrique et dispositif de commande de corps mobile électrique Pending EP4095976A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2020009034 2020-01-23
PCT/JP2021/000177 WO2021149488A1 (fr) 2020-01-23 2021-01-06 Procédé d'authentification de bloc de stockage d'énergie, bloc de stockage d'énergie, dispositif de charge, corps mobile électrique et dispositif de commande de corps mobile électrique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4095976A1 true EP4095976A1 (fr) 2022-11-30
EP4095976A4 EP4095976A4 (fr) 2023-06-28

Family

ID=76992267

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP21744034.6A Pending EP4095976A4 (fr) 2020-01-23 2021-01-06 Procédé d'authentification de bloc de stockage d'énergie, bloc de stockage d'énergie, dispositif de charge, corps mobile électrique et dispositif de commande de corps mobile électrique

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20230050076A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP4095976A4 (fr)
JP (1) JP7432860B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN115023365A (fr)
WO (1) WO2021149488A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023028844A1 (fr) 2021-08-31 2023-03-09 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 Procédé de permutation de batterie de véhicule, station de permutation de batterie, véhicule et système

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102256807B1 (ko) * 2020-08-18 2021-05-28 (주)그린파워 무선충전 시스템
WO2023021911A1 (fr) * 2021-08-18 2023-02-23 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 Bloc de stockage d'énergie et corps mobile électrique
KR20230035194A (ko) * 2021-08-31 2023-03-13 컨템포러리 엠퍼렉스 테크놀로지 씨오., 리미티드 차량 제어 방법, 모듈, 시스템, 기기 및 매체
US20230318871A1 (en) * 2022-03-31 2023-10-05 Rivian Ip Holdings, Llc Smart harness management for low-voltage distribution

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007035479A (ja) 2005-07-28 2007-02-08 Nec Tokin Tochigi Ltd 電池パック及び電池パック専用機器
JP5487932B2 (ja) 2009-12-14 2014-05-14 トヨタ自動車株式会社 車両、給電装置および充電システム
JP5741222B2 (ja) * 2011-05-31 2015-07-01 ソニー株式会社 バッテリ装置、制御方法、及び電動車両
CN205075673U (zh) 2015-09-28 2016-03-09 谢子聪 一种电动乘用车进行换电的验证控制装置
EP3497776A4 (fr) * 2016-08-10 2020-02-05 Briggs & Stratton Corporation Unité d'alimentation pouvant être mise à l'échelle de l'utilisateur et comprenant des blocs-batteries amovibles
CN110312635B (zh) * 2017-02-21 2023-03-24 凯坦·库马尔·迈尼 一种模块化可扩展的电池更换基站
JP6363755B1 (ja) * 2017-03-23 2018-07-25 本田技研工業株式会社 管理装置、管理システム及びプログラム
KR102173777B1 (ko) 2017-07-25 2020-11-03 주식회사 엘지화학 마스터 배터리 관리 유닛 및 이를 포함하는 배터리팩
KR102203247B1 (ko) 2017-10-10 2021-01-13 주식회사 엘지화학 무선 배터리 관리 장치 및 이를 포함하는 배터리팩
KR102414052B1 (ko) 2018-11-21 2022-06-27 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 무선 제어 시스템 및 그것을 포함하는 배터리팩
JP7028146B2 (ja) 2018-12-03 2022-03-02 株式会社デンソー 電池システム
JP6935793B2 (ja) 2018-12-04 2021-09-15 株式会社デンソー 電池システム

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023028844A1 (fr) 2021-08-31 2023-03-09 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 Procédé de permutation de batterie de véhicule, station de permutation de batterie, véhicule et système

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN115023365A (zh) 2022-09-06
WO2021149488A1 (fr) 2021-07-29
US20230050076A1 (en) 2023-02-16
EP4095976A4 (fr) 2023-06-28
JP7432860B2 (ja) 2024-02-19
JPWO2021149488A1 (fr) 2021-07-29

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP4095976A1 (fr) Procédé d'authentification de bloc de stockage d'énergie, bloc de stockage d'énergie, dispositif de charge, corps mobile électrique et dispositif de commande de corps mobile électrique
US11989070B2 (en) Energy storage pack authentication method, energy storage pack, charging device, electric mobile object, and control device for electric mobile object
EP4131719A1 (fr) Bloc de stockage d'énergie, corps mobile électrique, dispositif de charge
US9187000B2 (en) Battery pack and electrically driven automobile
US9350187B2 (en) Pre-charging vehicle bus using parallel battery packs
JP5333457B2 (ja) 車両の充電システム
US20130110340A1 (en) Electric vehicle, charging stand, and method for charging the electric vehicle
CN101162844A (zh) 车辆的电池管理系统
CN109075592B (zh) 电池组充电系统
US20120268068A1 (en) Battery control apparatus and method
CN105711434A (zh) 一种电动汽车动力电池管理系统
US20230046158A1 (en) Authentication method for power storage pack, power storage pack, charging device, electric moving body, and control device for electric moving body
JP5860886B2 (ja) 電池制御装置、蓄電装置および車両
US20140292072A1 (en) Battery monitoring system, battery cartridge, battery package, and ridable machine
EP4130760A1 (fr) Bloc de stockage d'électricité, corps mobile électrique et dispositif de charge
KR20130081215A (ko) 전원 장치
CN104578242A (zh) 用于车辆的充电电缆
US10840562B2 (en) Energy storage system, monitoring unit for energy storage device, and method of monitoring energy storage device
JP2016518803A (ja) エネルギー貯蔵システムを充電する間の誤りを検出する方法及び構造
CN108155320B (zh) 基于无线通讯的汽车分布式电池供电控制系统及方法
JP2012186873A (ja) 電池制御装置
US20230043802A1 (en) Battery pack and electric vehicle
CN117665598A (zh) 电池异常的检测方法、装置以及介质
CN117678106A (zh) 预兆探测系统、预兆探测方法以及预兆探测程序
CN117795814A (zh) 蓄电组、电动移动体

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE

PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20220816

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

TPAC Observations filed by third parties

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNTIPA

DAV Request for validation of the european patent (deleted)
DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
TPAC Observations filed by third parties

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNTIPA

A4 Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched

Effective date: 20230525

RIC1 Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant

Ipc: H02J 50/80 20160101ALI20230519BHEP

Ipc: B60L 53/80 20190101ALI20230519BHEP

Ipc: B60L 53/65 20190101ALI20230519BHEP

Ipc: B60L 53/30 20190101ALI20230519BHEP

Ipc: H02J 7/00 20060101ALI20230519BHEP

Ipc: H01M 10/48 20060101ALI20230519BHEP

Ipc: H01M 10/42 20060101AFI20230519BHEP