EP4065499A1 - Procédé de détermination d'un état d'usure de composants d'un agencement de moyen de suspension d'un système d'ascenseur - Google Patents

Procédé de détermination d'un état d'usure de composants d'un agencement de moyen de suspension d'un système d'ascenseur

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Publication number
EP4065499A1
EP4065499A1 EP20811376.1A EP20811376A EP4065499A1 EP 4065499 A1 EP4065499 A1 EP 4065499A1 EP 20811376 A EP20811376 A EP 20811376A EP 4065499 A1 EP4065499 A1 EP 4065499A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
parameter
wear
suspension element
monitored
state
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP20811376.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
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EP4065499B1 (fr
Inventor
Florian Dold
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Inventio AG
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Inventio AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Inventio AG filed Critical Inventio AG
Publication of EP4065499A1 publication Critical patent/EP4065499A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4065499B1 publication Critical patent/EP4065499B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B7/00—Other common features of elevators
    • B66B7/12—Checking, lubricating, or cleaning means for ropes, cables or guides
    • B66B7/1207—Checking means
    • B66B7/1215—Checking means specially adapted for ropes or cables
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B11/00—Main component parts of lifts in, or associated with, buildings or other structures
    • B66B11/0065—Roping
    • B66B11/008—Roping with hoisting rope or cable operated by frictional engagement with a winding drum or sheave
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B7/00—Other common features of elevators
    • B66B7/06—Arrangements of ropes or cables

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method with the aid of which a state of wear of components of a suspension element arrangement in an elevator installation can be determined.
  • the invention also relates to a monitoring device for executing or controlling such a method, a computer program product for programming such a monitoring device and a computer-readable medium with such a computer program product.
  • a suspension element arrangement is used to move an elevator car and, if necessary, a counterweight within an elevator shaft and, as a rule, also to hold their weight.
  • the suspension element arrangement comprises a plurality of elongate, flexible suspension elements such as, for example, ropes, belts or belts.
  • Ropes can be composed of a large number of wires or strands, which are usually made of metal, in particular steel.
  • Belts or belts can also have wires or strands, for example made of steel or fiber materials, as load-bearing elements, which are accommodated in a matrix material such as for example a polymer or elastomer.
  • suspension elements can be anchored to the elevator car and / or the counterweight in order to hold them.
  • the support means can be anchored in the elevator shaft, for example on a shaft ceiling, and hold the elevator car and / or the counterweight via deflection pulleys attached to them, which are often also referred to as pulleys.
  • the suspension means are mostly moved by a drive machine in order to be able to move the elevator car held by them and the counterweight in opposite directions within the elevator shaft.
  • the suspension elements run in the Generally via a drive pulley driven in rotation by the drive machine.
  • the traction sheave can have a profiled surface.
  • the traction sheave for suspension elements can be designed in the form of ropes with circumferential grooves in which the ropes can engage in order to achieve sufficient traction between the traction sheave and the ropes.
  • suspension elements in the form of belts or belts these can have a profiled surface, for example a V-shaped toothed surface, and the traction sheave can have a complementarily profiled surface on its outer surface.
  • suspension elements i.e. in particular the suspension elements, the drive machine with its traction sheave, the deflection rollers and the anchorages of the suspension elements, as well as other components, can together form the suspension element arrangement.
  • the components of the suspension element arrangement usually wear.
  • suspension elements can gradually lose their mechanical strength due to friction with the traction sheave or the deflection rollers and / or as a result of frequent bending during deflection by the traction sheave or the deflection rollers.
  • the wear and tear can be the result of material abraded on the surface and / or material fatigue and possibly material breaks. Wear on suspension elements usually leads to a change in their physical properties. In particular, wear on the suspension elements can lead to a reduced load-bearing capacity of these suspension elements. In the worst case, suspension elements can tear.
  • wear and tear on suspension elements can affect their elasticity. For example, suspension means can become more elastic or softer over time, so that it can be difficult, for example, to precisely position an elevator car held thereon by means of these suspension means.
  • Signs of wear can also occur on the traction sheave and the deflection pulleys. For example, profiling a jacket surface of these components can change their structure over time, in particular due to abrasion. Wear-related changes to the traction sheave or the deflection pulleys can be added, among other things lead that a frictional connection between these components and the suspension means driven or guided by them changes. For example, a slip between the traction sheave and driven suspension elements can increase over time due to wear, especially if the expansion module changes. A lateral guidance of suspension elements caused by the traction sheave and / or the deflection rollers can also decrease due to wear. In addition, when the diameter of the suspension element decreases, the conveying radius is reduced and more revolutions of the traction sheave are required over the service life for the same route between two specific floors.
  • EP 2299251 A1 EP 0 849208 A1, JP 2011-126710, WO 2019/081412 A1
  • WO 2003/035531 A1 WO 2007/141371 A2, JP 2019-085242 A, EP 2 628 698 B1 and WO 2016/040452 A1 describe some of these approaches.
  • a method for determining a state of wear of components of a suspension element arrangement of an elevator system is proposed, the method having at least the following method steps, preferably in the specified order:
  • a monitoring device for determining the state of wear of components of a suspension element arrangement of an elevator installation is proposed, which is configured to execute or control an embodiment of the method according to the first aspect of the invention.
  • a computer program product which contains computer-readable instructions which, when executed on a computer, in particular a computer-like programmable monitoring device according to the second aspect of the invention, instruct the latter to carry out the method according to an embodiment of the first aspect of the invention or control.
  • a computer-readable medium is proposed on which a computer program product according to the third aspect of the invention is stored.
  • a parameter is typically that Conclusions about this wear enabled, monitored.
  • the dimensions of the suspension elements that is to say, for example, the diameter of a rope, are monitored.
  • surface structures on the traction sheave or the deflection pulleys, magnetic fluxes through suspension elements, an expansion behavior of suspension elements or a slip between suspension elements and, for example, the traction sheave can be monitored.
  • a current measured value of the parameter is used to infer a current state of wear of the respective component. For example, the current measured value is compared with a predetermined limit value and if the limit value is exceeded or undershot, a conclusion is drawn that the monitored component has reached a critical state of wear.
  • a single measurement of a parameter at a single point in time should not be used in order to determine the state of wear of a component of the suspension element arrangement. Instead, a parameter should be monitored over time.
  • the aim is to track how the monitored parameter changes over time. To this end, it is generally necessary to measure the monitored parameter continuously or at time intervals, for example periodically, and to keep track of the measured values obtained, i.e. to store them, for example.
  • the time course of the parameter determined in this way should then not be compared with a single limit value or the like, as is the case with conventional approaches. Instead, the determined time profile should be compared with a predetermined expected time profile of this parameter.
  • Such an expected time course of the parameter can have been determined beforehand, for example based on experiments, data that were collected from other elevator systems and their suspension element arrangements, simulations or the like.
  • an expected course of the parameter over time can also have been determined based on a course of the parameter observed earlier on the same component, that is to say for example by extrapolating a previously determined course of the parameter.
  • This approach is based on the observation that a state of wear of a component of the suspension arrangement is in some cases not necessarily reflected in the current physical properties of this component and can thus be determined by measuring a parameter that correlates with it, or that information about a future state of wear is found in some Do not allow cases to be deduced solely from parameters measured at a single point in time. Instead, it has been observed that monitoring a behavior over time with which the physical properties of these components change can enable more reliable and / or more precise conclusions to be drawn about current and, in particular, future wear states of the components.
  • the parameter to be monitored with regard to its actual temporal course within the scope of the approach described here is intended to correlate with the wear state of at least one first monitored component of the plurality of components in the suspension element arrangement. Such a correlation can be expressed in that the parameter changes its value as a function of the current state of wear of the monitored component, preferably changes in a clearly determined manner.
  • the parameter to be monitored in all embodiments is referred to herein as the first parameter and the further parameter to be monitored additionally in some embodiments is referred to as the second parameter.
  • the first parameter to be monitored is selected from the group of parameters comprising:
  • Temporal progression of vibrations or micro-accelerations which can be assigned to the suspension element based on its structure. e.g. a shift in the length of the rope lay, and in particular
  • Each of the parameters mentioned correlates to a certain extent with the current state of wear of a component of the suspension element arrangement. At best, a parameter or its course over time also correlates with a future state of wear of the component.
  • the individual parameters can be measured in different ways and can correlate in different ways with states of wear of the same component or different components of the suspension element arrangement.
  • the parameters mentioned can be measured in a relatively simple and / or precise manner, preferably using measuring devices that are structurally simple and thus more cost-effective and / or provided in any case in an elevator system.
  • the length of the suspension element that is to say a distance between ends of the suspension element that are anchored, for example, in the elevator shaft or on one of the components to be moved with the suspension element, often depends heavily on the state of wear of this suspension element. Typically, the length of the suspension element increases increasing wear.
  • the length of the suspension element can be measured in different ways, directly or indirectly. For example, a distance between the counterweight held by the suspension element and a buffer provided on the floor of the elevator shaft can be measured when the elevator car is on the top floor. This distance becomes smaller, the longer the suspension element is. This distance can be measured relatively easily and thus allows an exact conclusion about the current length of the suspension element.
  • the elongation properties of the suspension element i.e. a way in which the suspension element can be lengthened in response to the forces exerted on it, also depend heavily on the state of wear of the suspension element.
  • the elongation properties of the suspension element can be represented by its modulus of elasticity. They can refer to an elasticity of extension and / or an elasticity of bending.
  • the elongation properties can be measured directly, for example by measuring changes in length of the suspension element with known mechanical loads.
  • the elongation properties of suspension elements can also be determined directly, for example, with the aid of strain gauges or the like attached to the suspension elements.
  • the elongation properties can be measured indirectly, for example by monitoring how strongly and / or how often a so-called level compensation has to be carried out.
  • level compensation With such a level adjustment, the elevator car is stopped at a target position and then changes its level, that is to say its height in the elevator shaft, when the car is loaded or unloaded due to the associated changes in length of the suspension elements. The change in level is then compensated for by appropriately displacing the suspension elements with the drive machine. The strength and / or frequency with which such a level adjustment must be carried out can enable a conclusion to be drawn about the current expansion properties of the suspension elements.
  • the elongation and, accordingly, the modulus of elasticity also correlate with the natural frequency of the system.
  • conclusions can be drawn about the modulus of elasticity and, conversely, by determining the elastic modulus, conclusions can be drawn about the natural frequency.
  • the radial dimensions of suspension elements that is, for example, a diameter of a rope or a thickness of a belt, can decrease over time due to wear, in particular due to abrasion, and thus represent a suitable measure for determining the current state of wear of suspension elements Suspension means can be measured directly or indirectly.
  • the radial dimensions can be determined using optical sensors. A decrease in the radial dimensions of a suspension element beyond a certain amount can be an indication that the suspension element is ready for discard, ie that the suspension element should be replaced.
  • the optical properties of the suspension element can also change over time due to wear and tear. For example, increasing wear can change a color, reflectivity and / or optically recognizable structures such as surface roughness or macroscopic structures on the surface of the suspension element, for example in the form of protruding wires of a rope.
  • the measurement of the optical properties of the suspension element can thus enable a relatively simple conclusion to be drawn about its state of wear.
  • the optical properties of a suspension element can be monitored with suitable sensors such as light sensors, photodiodes, cameras, etc.
  • the magnetic properties of the suspension element also frequently correlate strongly with its state of wear.
  • increasing wear can have a considerable influence on the magnetic flux occurring in the suspension element.
  • a measurement of the magnetic flux through the suspension element which can be carried out relatively easily, can thus be used to draw conclusions about its state of wear.
  • the electrical properties of the suspension element are also influenced by its state of wear.
  • suspension elements with good electrical conductivity such as steel cables or belts with load-bearing steel strands
  • increasing wear can have a considerable influence on an electrical resistance caused by the suspension element.
  • breaks or cracks in individual strands of the many strands in a suspension element can lead to the electrical resistance that is passed through the suspension element electric current increases over time.
  • a measurement of the electrical resistance through the suspension element which is relatively easy to carry out, can thus be used to draw conclusions about its state of wear.
  • the mechanical tension acting in the suspension elements during the operation of the elevator installation can also depend on the state of wear of the suspension elements.
  • wear can have the effect that individual suspension elements change more in length than others.
  • the forces to be held by the individual suspension elements and thus the mechanical stresses acting in the suspension elements change accordingly over time.
  • Such mechanical stresses can be measured relatively easily and thus enable conclusions to be drawn about signs of wear.
  • the traction sheave can have structures such as, for example, grooves, grooves, webs, axial side boundaries, etc. on its contact surface, ie typically on its lateral surface where the suspension elements come into contact with the traction sheave. These structures can be designed to move the suspension elements with the aid of the traction sheave with a desired traction or a desired slip and / or to guide them laterally. Over time, these structures can wear out due to wear, ie change in their dimensions. For example, grooves on the outer surface of the traction sheave can wear out over time, in particular become rounded or change in terms of their depth.
  • a state of wear of the suspension elements can optionally also be inferred indirectly.
  • the slip that occurs between the suspension elements and the contact surface of the traction sheave can also change over time as a result of wear. This can result as a result of the aforementioned changes in the dimensions of the structures on the contact surface of the traction sheave.
  • there can also be other reasons due to wear such as an increasing occurrence of soiling on the drive pulley and / or the suspension elements, for example due to over-lubrication and / or the use of the wrong lubricant.
  • the mentioned slip can easily be measured directly or indirectly.
  • a car travel path covered by the elevator car during a movement can be compared with a traction sheave travel path or a pulley travel path, ie with the distance by which the outer surface of the traction sheave or the deflection roller shifts during the travel process.
  • the forces caused by the suspension elements on their anchorages can be determined, for example, with the help of so-called intelligent fixed points.
  • a fixation of the suspension elements for example on an elevator shaft ceiling, not only serves to hold the suspension elements mechanically. Instead, the fixation is also equipped with suitable technical means in order to be able to determine the forces exerted on the fixation by the suspension element.
  • the determined forces or stresses in the fixation or the anchoring can be determined with relatively little effort with sufficient precision to be able to draw conclusions about wear conditions within the suspension element arrangement, in particular conclusions about wear conditions on various components of the suspension element arrangement.
  • the proposed method additionally comprises the following steps:
  • Determination of the state of wear of the first monitored component based both on the result of comparing the actual time profile of the monitored first parameter with a predetermined expected time profile of the first parameter and on the result of monitoring the actual time profile of the monitored second parameter.
  • a further, second parameter can be monitored with regard to its actual time profile.
  • This second parameter can, for example, reproduce a physical property of one of the components of the suspension element arrangement, which, similar to the case of the first parameter, correlates with the state of wear of the relevant monitored component.
  • the second parameter can influence the state of wear of the monitored component, that is to say the second parameter can reproduce a physical property that has an influence on how the wear in the relevant component changes over time.
  • the second parameter can thus reproduce a physical property that is not necessarily a property of the relevant component itself, but rather a property of ambient conditions or boundary conditions in which the component is operated and which also influence wear and tear on the component.
  • the component whose state of wear is influenced by or correlates with the second parameter can be the same component as the first Component whose state of wear correlates with the first parameter monitored according to the method. However, the components can also differ.
  • the state of wear of the first monitored component can then be determined on the basis of the two monitored parameters, i.e. the actual time profile of the first parameter and the actual time profile of the second parameter.
  • information about the current and / or future wear state of the first component can be based both on the actual time profile of the first parameter and a comparison of this profile with the associated predetermined expected time profile of the first parameter and based on the actual time profile Course of the second parameter can be derived.
  • the first parameter and the second parameter can correlate in different ways with the state of wear of the first monitored components.
  • the state of wear of the first monitored component can have different effects on the first and second parameters or can be influenced by them. Both parameters then correlate with the state of wear of the monitored component or influence it, but a manner of qualitative and / or quantitative correlation can differ between the two parameters. Thus, by measuring both parameters, a certain redundancy can be achieved for the determination of the state of wear. On the other hand, the different types of correlation with the state of wear can lead to the fact that, overall, a more precise statement can be made about the state of wear. According to a further embodiment of the method, the first parameter and the second parameter can correlate in an interacting manner with the state of wear of the first of the monitored components.
  • the two parameters to be monitored in the method with regard to their actual temporal course can advantageously be selected in such a way that the properties they represent interact, i.e. influence one another.
  • the parameters can be selected in such a way that variations in the second parameter influence the wear occurring in the component monitored therewith in a way that can be recognized with the aid of the first parameter.
  • an ambient temperature in an elevator shaft accommodating the suspension element can be measured as a second parameter.
  • This ambient temperature generally influences the wear that occurs on the suspension element.
  • the state of wear of the suspension element can then be determined, for example, based on a first parameter that correlates with the state of wear of the suspension element, i.e. for example a length of the suspension element to be measured or a modulus of elasticity of the suspension element, and the ambient temperature can also be taken into account.
  • the ambient temperature and the slip behavior of a belt are correlated.
  • the predetermined expected time profile of the first parameter can be selected from a plurality of possible predetermined expected time profiles of the first parameter.
  • the physical properties reproduced by the second parameter generally influence the course over time of wear occurring in a component of the suspension element arrangement in a predetermined manner. This can be done in advance, for example, through experiments, observations on existing elevator systems, calculations or simulations have been determined. Accordingly, the expected time course of the first parameter, which correlates with this wear, can differ, depending on how the physical property reproduced by the second parameter actually occurs.
  • the second parameter to be monitored can be selected in concrete terms from the group of parameters comprising:
  • the second parameter to be monitored can be the temperature in the area of the suspension element arrangement, ie for example an air temperature prevailing in the elevator shaft or a temperature measured directly on one of the components of the suspension element arrangement.
  • This temperature generally influences the wear that occurs on the suspension element arrangement over time. The wear and tear often increases as the temperature rises.
  • it can be advantageous for the proposed method that the temperature is not measured at a single point in time and an attempt is then made to draw a conclusion about the wear from this, but instead that a time profile of the temperature is monitored.
  • Information about this temperature profile over time or an average temperature calculated therefrom during a period enables a more precise statement to be made about wear that is typically to be assumed within this time period and thus about an expected time profile of the first parameter.
  • statements about the current state of wear of the monitored component can then be determined with relatively high accuracy. For example, in particular the condition of the casing of plastic-coated suspension elements that are subject to aging phenomena can be determined in this way.
  • the second parameter to be monitored can be the air humidity in the area of the suspension element arrangement.
  • the prevailing air humidity also typically has an influence on wear that occurs in a suspension element arrangement. For example, increased air humidity can lead to greater wear, for example due to corrosion phenomena.
  • a conclusion can be drawn as to how wear will occur in the observed period and which temporal course of the first parameter is to be expected accordingly.
  • the actual time profile of the first parameter can then be compared again with the expected time profile of the first parameter, which is predetermined based on the second parameter.
  • the second parameter to be monitored can be the air pressure in the area of the suspension element arrangement.
  • the air pressure prevailing during an observation period can also have an influence on the wear that occurs in the suspension element arrangement, so that the information about the actual time
  • the course of the air pressure can in turn be used in order to be able to realistically pre-determine the expected course of the first parameter over time.
  • the second parameter to be monitored can specify a frequency of journeys by an elevator car moved by the suspension element arrangement.
  • the frequency with which the elevator car is displaced with the aid of the suspension element arrangement within an observation period naturally also has an influence on the occurrence of signs of wear on the suspension element arrangement.
  • information can be obtained on the basis of which, in turn, an expected temporal course of the first parameter can be predetermined so that the actually observed temporal course of the first parameter can again be compared with this expected time profile in order to be able to draw conclusions about the state of wear of the monitored component.
  • the observed journeys were, which payload was transported during the observed journeys and / or other variables that can influence the wear and tear that occurs with the journeys.
  • other parameters can be monitored as second parameters, such as the temperature, air humidity and / or air pressure already explained in the area of the suspension element arrangement.
  • the state of wear can be determined based on a deviation of the actual time profile of the monitored first parameter from a predetermined expected linear time profile of the first parameter.
  • the monitored actual time profile and the predetermined expected time profile of the first parameter can be compared with one another permanently or at certain time intervals.
  • a linear course can be assumed over time, ie it can be assumed that the properties of the monitored component of the suspension element arrangement, which are reproduced by the first parameter, change in a linear manner over time.
  • a way in which the actual time profile of the monitored first parameter differs from the predetermined expected linear time profile of this first parameter can make it possible to draw conclusions about prevailing or future wear conditions.
  • the monitored actual time profile of the first parameter will also change linearly over time.
  • a proportionality factor reflecting the time dependency of the changes can be the same or different for the actual time profile and the expected time profile.
  • conclusions can be drawn about a current state of wear of the monitored component.
  • the monitored actual temporal course of the first parameter can initially change linearly, but then change its temporal development and no longer change linearly as a function of time but, for example, disproportionately or disproportionately.
  • the discrepancy to be observed here between the actual time profile of the first parameter and the predetermined expected linear time profile of the first parameter can enable a conclusion to be drawn about current and / or future wear states.
  • the state of wear can be determined based on a reversal of a property of the actual time profile of the monitored first parameter compared to a previous time profile of the first parameter.
  • the monitored first parameter develops over a certain period of time in a certain direction, that is to say follows a trend. From a certain point in time, the direction in which the property reproduced by the first parameter changes can reverse, ie it comes to a trend reversal. If such a trend reversal is recognized by comparing the actual time profile of the first parameter with the expected time profile of the first parameter, this can contain information about the current and / or future wear state of the monitored component. In this case, the expected time profile of the first parameter can correspond to a previous time profile of the first parameter. In other words, the trend reversal can be recognized when the actual time profile of the first parameter differs significantly over time from a time extrapolation of a previous actual time profile of the first parameter.
  • the state of wear can be determined based on a change in sign of a second time derivative of the actual time profile of the monitored first parameter compared to a second time derivative of the previous actual time profile of the first parameter.
  • the changes that occur over time can be reproduced by a first time derivative of the actual time profile of the first parameter. In doing so, they can follow a trend, i.e. they can become successively smaller, for example, so that the physical property represented by the first parameter appears to be approaching a saturation value. If such a trend changes, this can mean that the changes in the first parameter, which originally became smaller and smaller as a function of time, suddenly become larger again. This can typically be accompanied by a change in sign in the second time derivative of the actual time profile of the monitored first parameter. Such a sudden change in the previous trend and the associated change in sign can be an indication of the existence of a certain state of wear on the component in question.
  • the state of wear can be based on an incipient decrease in a modulus of elasticity rope-like suspension element of the suspension element arrangement can be determined after a preceding successive increase in the modulus of elasticity of the rope-like suspension element.
  • the suspension element can be a rope with a large number of inner and outer strands.
  • the inner strands effect a large part of the load-bearing capacity of the rope and take over a major part of the mechanical stresses within the rope during use.
  • the outer strands surround the inner strands and protect them. Although the outer strands normally contribute to the flexural rigidity of the rope, they only take on a small part of the load-bearing capacity and thus the mechanical stresses in the rope.
  • the rope core inner strands
  • the rope core inner strands
  • the tension level of the outer strands is massively lower than that of the rope core due to the stranded structure.
  • the inner strands in particular may experience a gradual increase in the elasticity of the rope due to symptoms of fatigue, i.e. a decrease in the rope's modulus of elasticity.
  • the rope is apparently becoming increasingly softer, so that readjustments when approaching floors and level adjustments when loading and unloading the elevator car increase over time.
  • the trend reversal can provide an indication that a certain state of wear has set in the rope or will set in the future. For example, based on the trend reversal, it can be concluded that inside the rope The strands are no longer able to cope with the mechanical stresses that are normally to be absorbed there and therefore the rope should be discarded, ie replaced, in the near future.
  • the predetermined expected time profile of the first parameter can be predetermined based on a large number of measured values that were determined on different elevator systems.
  • the actual temporal progression of the first parameter can be compared with an expected temporal progression of this parameter, which was determined in advance in that measured values were recorded on a large number of elevator systems that correspond to this first parameter or at least correlate with it.
  • the actual temporal course of the first parameter recognized on a certain suspension element arrangement of an elevator installation can thus be compared, for example, with previously recorded actual temporal courses, as they were observed on other elevator installations. Based on such a comparison, in particular based on deviations between the actual temporal course observed on the specific elevator system and the actual temporal course of the first parameter previously observed on other elevator systems, the current or future wear conditions of the monitored component in the suspension element arrangement of the concrete Elevator system can be inferred.
  • a monitoring device is described which is configured to implement embodiments of the method described above.
  • the monitoring device can have one or a plurality of sensors, with the aid of which the first and / or the second and / or further parameters can be measured.
  • the monitoring device can have sensors for measuring the length of the suspension element, sensors for measuring expansion properties of the suspension element, sensors for measuring radial dimensions of the suspension element, sensors for measuring optical properties of the suspension element, sensors for measuring magnetic properties of the suspension element, sensors for measuring electrical properties of the suspension element, sensors for measuring mechanical stresses within the suspension element, sensors for measuring dimensions on a structure of the contact surface of the traction sheave, sensors for measuring any slip that occurs between the suspension element and the contact surface of the traction sheave and / or sensors for measuring forces, which are exerted on an anchorage by the suspension element.
  • Such sensors can include, for example, optical sensors such as photodiodes or cameras, electrical sensors, mechanical sensors, magnetic sensors, etc.
  • the sensors can generate and forward a measurement signal, in particular an electrical measurement signal, as a function of a currently measured parameter.
  • the monitoring device can have an evaluation device in which the measurement signals are received and evaluated.
  • the evaluation device can have a processor with which measurement signals or measurement data can be processed.
  • the monitoring device can have a data memory in which measurement signals can be temporarily stored.
  • the monitoring device can be configured to record measurement signals and ultimately to monitor the actual time course of a parameter by temporarily storing them.
  • the monitoring device can be connected to a control of the elevator installation in order to be able to exchange data with it.
  • information about the state of wear determined in the monitoring device can be passed on to the control of the elevator system.
  • the monitoring device of the elevator installation can be connected to a control center, for example, in order to be able to transmit the information about the determined state of wear to the control center.
  • the monitoring device of the elevator system can optionally be connected to monitoring devices of other elevator systems and can exchange data with them.
  • the proposed according to the third aspect of the invention computer program product contains software in the form of computer-readable instructions that a computer, for example part of the monitoring device described above may be, instructs to carry out or control embodiments of the method proposed herein.
  • the computer program product can be formulated in any computer language.
  • the computer program product can be stored on a computer-readable medium.
  • the computer-readable medium can be implemented technically in different ways.
  • the computer-readable medium can be a flash memory, a CD, a DVD or other portable, volatile or non-volatile memory.
  • the computer-readable medium can be part of a network of computers or servers, in particular part of the Internet or part of a data cloud, from which the computer program product can be downloaded.
  • FIG. 1 shows a monitoring device for determining a state of wear of components of a suspension element arrangement in an elevator installation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the elevator installation 1 has a car 7 and a counterweight 9, which can be moved vertically between different floors 13 within an elevator shaft 11.
  • the car 7 and the counterweight 9 can be held and moved with the aid of the support means arrangement 5.
  • the suspension arrangement 5 has several rope-like suspension elements 15 such as ropes, belts or belts.
  • the support means 15 can be driven with a drive pulley 17 of a drive machine 19.
  • the traction sheave 17 can have a structure adapted to a geometry of the suspension means 15, for example in the form of grooves, grooves or the like, on a contact surface 21 on which the suspension elements 15 rest on the traction sheave 17.
  • the support means 15 are fixed to a ceiling 25 of the elevator shaft 11 via anchors 23.
  • the support means 15 run down to pulleys 27, 29, which are attached to the cabin 7 or the counterweight 9, in order to then run up to the drive pulley 17 of the drive machine 19 again.
  • Operation of the drive machine 19 is controlled by an elevator control 31.
  • the elevator control 31 can communicate with the monitoring device 3.
  • a large number of sensors or sensor systems are provided in the elevator system 1, with the aid of which parameters can be monitored, which enable a conclusion to be drawn about states or properties within the elevator system 1 that correlate with or influence the wear states of components of the suspension element arrangement 5.
  • These sensors or sensor systems can be wired to the monitoring device 3 or designed to be able to communicate wirelessly with the monitoring device 3 in order to be able to transmit measurement data or measurement signals, which reflect parameters measured by them, to the monitoring device 3.
  • a length measuring sensor system 35 is provided at a lower end of the elevator shaft 11 in the vicinity of a buffer 33 adjoining a travel path of the counterweight 9.
  • a distance between the counterweight 9 and the buffer 33 can be determined when the counterweight 9 is in its lowest possible position, that is, when the car 7 is located on the highest possible floor 13. From the measurement of this distance, a current length of the suspension element 15, which can change over time, in particular due to material expansions, can be inferred indirectly.
  • Radial dimensions of the suspension element 15, that is to say, for example, a diameter of suspension cables or a thickness of suspension belts, can be measured with the aid of a sensor system specially adapted for this purpose.
  • a camera 37 can be used for this purpose, the field of view of which is directed onto the suspension element 15. If necessary, this camera 37 can alternatively or additionally also be used in order to be able to recognize optical properties of the suspension elements such as a change in surface textures on the suspension elements and / or a change in color, reflectivity, etc.
  • a sensor system 39 can be provided for measuring magnetic properties of the suspension elements 15. With the aid of this sensor system 39, for example, a magnetic flux through one of the suspension elements 15 can be measured.
  • a sensor system 41 for measuring electrical properties of the suspension element 15 can be provided.
  • This sensor system 39 can, for example, measure electrical current flows or an electrical resistance through one of the suspension elements 15.
  • the anchorages 23 can be designed as intelligent fixed points and can be configured to measure mechanical stresses on or in the suspension elements 15.
  • strain gauges can be provided in the anchors 23, which interact with the support means 15 or their anchored ends. If necessary, the anchors 23 can also be designed to measure forces caused by the suspension means on the anchors 23.
  • a sensor system 43 can be provided, with the aid of which dimensions on a structure of the contact surface 21 of the traction sheave 17 can be monitored.
  • a sensor system 43 can, for example, in turn with the aid of a camera or others optical sensors, but sensors that act differently can also be used.
  • the monitoring device 3 can receive data and information from the elevator control 31 and / or from further sensors 45, with the aid of which, for example, a current position of the elevator car 7 in the elevator shaft 11 can be determined, based on which additional parameters related to the wear of components correlate the suspension element arrangement 5, can be inferred.
  • a temperature sensor 47, an air humidity sensor 49 and / or an air pressure sensor 51 can be provided in the elevator shaft in order to be able to measure corresponding prevailing conditions in the area of the suspension elements 15.
  • the monitoring device 3 is configured to use measurement data such as can be provided by at least one of the sensors or sensor systems described above to carry out a method with the aid of which information about a current and / or future wear state of components of the suspension element arrangement 5 can be determined.
  • the monitoring device 3 typically has a data processing device such as a data processor and a data memory in which measurement data is stored and retrieved at a later point in time can be called up, and data interfaces via which the monitoring device 3 can exchange data with the various sensors and sensor systems, for example.
  • a data processing device such as a data processor and a data memory in which measurement data is stored and retrieved at a later point in time can be called up
  • data interfaces via which the monitoring device 3 can exchange data with the various sensors and sensor systems, for example.
  • an actual course of a first parameter is monitored continuously or at predetermined time intervals, for example by collecting and tracking measurement data from one or more of the sensors and sensor systems.
  • the first parameter is selected in such a way that it correlates with the state of wear of at least one of the components of the suspension element arrangement 5.
  • the actual time profile of the first parameter monitored in this way is then compared with a predetermined expected time profile of this parameter and, based on a result of this comparison, the state of wear of the monitored component is then determined.
  • the current length of the suspension element 15 can be determined as the first parameter.
  • information about the actual course of this parameter over time i.e. how the length of the suspension means 15 changes over time, can be derived.
  • an expected course over time can be predetermined, which indicates how the length of the suspension elements typically changes over time.
  • a second parameter is preferably also monitored. Similar to the first parameter, this second parameter can correlate with the state of wear of the monitored component. However, it can be preferred that the second parameter even influences the state of wear, ie a statement can be derived from it as to the way in which the state of wear changes over time.
  • first and second parameters to be monitored are conceivable or advantageous. It can be advantageous, for example, to select the two parameters to be monitored as a function of one another. In particular, it can be advantageous to determine the way in which the first parameter is monitored or evaluated as a function of a selection of the second parameter and / or as a function of actual time courses of the second parameter.
  • a temperature prevailing in the elevator shaft 11 or directly prevailing on the suspension elements 15 can be monitored as a second parameter, for example with the aid of the temperature sensor 47 Suspension means 15 and can also be determined on the actual course of the measured temperature. It can be used here that a temperature prevailing over a longer period of time has an influence on the wear that occurs in the suspension elements 15 and the wear can in turn manifest itself in a change in length of the suspension elements 15. In this case, on the basis of the actual course of the temperatures, an expected course of the length changes in the suspension elements 15 can be predetermined.
  • the expected time profile of the changes in length can be used to compare with the actual profile of the changes in length , which resulted for the actual temporal course of the temperature conditions.
  • information about the current and / or future state of wear of components of the suspension element arrangement 5 can be determined, in particular based on detected deviations of the actual time profile of the monitored first parameter from a predetermined expected time profile of this parameter, which is assumed to be linear, for example. Reversals of properties of the actual time profile of the monitored parameter or a change in sign of a second time derivative of the actual profile of the monitored parameter can also provide a good indication or a good database for determining the state of wear of the monitored component.
  • the expected course over time of the first parameter can be predetermined based on a large number of measured values that were measured at various other elevator systems 53.
  • the monitoring device 3 can communicate with a server 55, for example, which can receive such measured values from the other elevator systems 53 and, if necessary, evaluate and / or temporarily store them.
  • the server 55 can, for example, be part of a data cloud and / or be arranged in a control center which monitors a large number of elevator systems 53.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un appareil de surveillance pour la détermination d'un état d'usure de composants tels qu'un moyen de suspension de type corde (5), un réa (17) d'un moteur d'entraînement (19) et des poulies (27, 29) d'un agencement de moyen de suspension (5) d'un système d'ascenseur (1). Le procédé comprend au moins les étapes suivantes : - la surveillance d'une progression temporelle réelle d'un premier paramètre qui est en corrélation avec l'état d'usure d'au moins un premier des composants surveillés, - la comparaison de la progression temporelle réelle du premier paramètre surveillé à une progression temporelle attendue prédéterminée du premier paramètre ; - la détermination de l'état d'usure des composants surveillés sur la base d'un résultat de la comparaison.
EP20811376.1A 2019-11-29 2020-11-27 Procédé de détermination d'un état d'usure de composants d'un agencement de moyen de suspension d'un système d'ascenseur Active EP4065499B1 (fr)

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EP19212626 2019-11-29
PCT/EP2020/083617 WO2021105347A1 (fr) 2019-11-29 2020-11-27 Procédé de détermination d'un état d'usure de composants d'un agencement de moyen de suspension d'un système d'ascenseur

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WO (1) WO2021105347A1 (fr)

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CN114728766A (zh) 2022-07-08
US20230002194A1 (en) 2023-01-05
WO2021105347A1 (fr) 2021-06-03
EP4065499B1 (fr) 2024-05-15
KR20220101109A (ko) 2022-07-19

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