EP4037923A1 - Antriebsachse eines elektrofahrzeuges und lastschaltverfahren - Google Patents

Antriebsachse eines elektrofahrzeuges und lastschaltverfahren

Info

Publication number
EP4037923A1
EP4037923A1 EP20780986.4A EP20780986A EP4037923A1 EP 4037923 A1 EP4037923 A1 EP 4037923A1 EP 20780986 A EP20780986 A EP 20780986A EP 4037923 A1 EP4037923 A1 EP 4037923A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shaft
gear
drive
drive axle
axle according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP20780986.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Johannes Glückler
Stefan Spühler
Stefan Renner
Michael Trübenbach
Kai BORNTRÄGER
Johannes Kaltenbach
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ZF Friedrichshafen AG
Original Assignee
ZF Friedrichshafen AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ZF Friedrichshafen AG filed Critical ZF Friedrichshafen AG
Publication of EP4037923A1 publication Critical patent/EP4037923A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/68—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for stepped gearings
    • F16H61/684—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for stepped gearings without interruption of drive
    • F16H61/686—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for stepped gearings without interruption of drive with orbital gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0806—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with a plurality of driving or driven shafts
    • F16H37/0813—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with a plurality of driving or driven shafts with only one input shaft
    • F16H37/082—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with a plurality of driving or driven shafts with only one input shaft and additional planetary reduction gears
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/02—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/043—Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/043—Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel
    • B60K17/046—Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel with planetary gearing having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/06—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing
    • B60K17/08—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing of mechanical type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/16—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/16—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing
    • B60K17/165—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing provided between independent half axles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/22—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or type of main drive shafting, e.g. cardan shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/62—Gearings having three or more central gears
    • F16H3/66—Gearings having three or more central gears composed of a number of gear trains without drive passing from one train to another
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/78—Special adaptation of synchronisation mechanisms to these gearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/04—Smoothing ratio shift
    • F16H61/0403—Synchronisation before shifting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/20—Off-Road Vehicles
    • B60Y2200/22—Agricultural vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/20—Off-Road Vehicles
    • B60Y2200/22—Agricultural vehicles
    • B60Y2200/221—Tractors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/40—Special vehicles
    • B60Y2200/41—Construction vehicles, e.g. graders, excavators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/40—Special vehicles
    • B60Y2200/41—Construction vehicles, e.g. graders, excavators
    • B60Y2200/415—Wheel loaders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/91—Electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/60—Electric Machines, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/70—Gearings
    • B60Y2400/73—Planetary gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/70—Gearings
    • B60Y2400/79—Drive shafts, output shafts or propeller shafts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/80—Differentials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/04—Smoothing ratio shift
    • F16H61/0403—Synchronisation before shifting
    • F16H2061/0422—Synchronisation before shifting by an electric machine, e.g. by accelerating or braking the input shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/04—Smoothing ratio shift
    • F16H2061/0425—Bridging torque interruption
    • F16H2061/0433—Bridging torque interruption by torque supply with an electric motor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/0021—Transmissions for multiple ratios specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/003—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
    • F16H2200/0034—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising two forward speeds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/003—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
    • F16H2200/0039—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising three forward speeds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2002—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears
    • F16H2200/2007—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with two sets of orbital gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2002—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears
    • F16H2200/2012—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with four sets of orbital gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/203—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes
    • F16H2200/2035—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes with two engaging means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/203—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes
    • F16H2200/2038—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes with three engaging means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/203—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes
    • F16H2200/2064—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes using at least one positive clutch, e.g. dog clutch
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2094—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion using positive clutches, e.g. dog clutches
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2097—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion comprising an orbital gear set member permanently connected to the housing, e.g. a sun wheel permanently connected to the housing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a drive axle of an electric vehicle, which comprises a first and a second drive wheel with wheel axles, a first and a second electric machine with a common axis of rotation, a gearbox with a transmission input shaft and a transmission output shaft and an axle differential.
  • the invention also relates to a method for carrying out shifts under load (load shift method) by means of a switching device and a Koppelein direction of the gearbox.
  • a drive unit for an electric vehicle with an electric machine and a three or two-speed manual transmission wherein a switching device with three or two switching elements is provided for switching three or two gears.
  • the three-speed manual transmission can be used as a two-speed manual transmission.
  • the gearbox comprises two planetary sets coupled with one another, the first planetary set being driven by the electric machine via its sun shaft (transmission input shaft), while the ring gear shaft of the first planetary set is held in place.
  • the first planetary gear set is coupled to the ring gear shaft of the second planetary gear set via its spider shaft.
  • the spider shaft of the second planetary gear set forms the transmission output shaft.
  • the three or two shift elements are integrated in a sliding sleeve, which is axially displaceable on the sun shaft of the second planetary gear set, resulting in a total of five positions for the three-speed manual transmission, namely three shift positions and two neutral positions.
  • a drive axle with drive wheels is also disclosed, in which the drive unit serves as a drive and drives an axle differential arranged between the drive wheels.
  • the transmission output shaft of the drive unit is thus connected to the differential input, the differential cage.
  • the invention aims to exploit further potential using the gearbox or gear set described above.
  • the first electric machine drives into the axle differential via the gearbox and that the second electric machine can be switched on if necessary.
  • the second electrical machine can be used on the one hand to increase the drive power, that is to say to support the first electrical machine and / or on the other hand to support the tractive force during the shifting operations. Due to the design of the switching elements as claws, a tensile force interruption would occur without the second electrical machine.
  • the second electrical machine is switched on, power flows from the second electrical machine into the gearbox during the shifting process, so that there is no interruption in tractive force, i.e. H. Powershifts are possible.
  • the drive axle has two electrical machines, but only requires one gearbox.
  • the gearbox is designed as a three-speed gearbox with three shift elements and two tarpaulin sets that are coupled to one another and that form a gear set.
  • This wheel set corresponds to that disclosed in the earlier application to which reference is made.
  • the second sun shaft is coupled to the housing for shifting the first gear.
  • the second planetary gear set is blocked, with basically three variants of the coupling of two of the three shafts of the second planetary gear set.
  • the sun shafts of the first and second planetary gear sets are coupled to one another.
  • the circuits take place each via a first shift element (first gear), a second shift element (second gear) and a third shift element (third gear). This also corresponds to the older registration to which reference is made.
  • the manual transmission is designed as a two-speed manual transmission, the first gear being switched by a first switching element and the second gear being switched by a third switching element. Ge compared to the three-speed manual transmission so the second shift element has been omitted diglich in the two-speed manual transmission le.
  • the two-speed manual transmission also corresponds to that of the earlier application to which reference is made.
  • the switching elements are designed as unsynchronized claws, as already disclosed in the earlier application.
  • the first electrical machine can be decoupled, for which purpose the switching device has at least one neutral position.
  • the decoupling enables the electric vehicle to roll freely without the resistance of the rotating electric machine.
  • the three shift elements are integrated in a sliding sleeve, the sliding sleeve being arranged displaceably on a shaft, namely the sun shaft of the second planetary gear set.
  • the sliding sleeve being arranged displaceably on a shaft, namely the sun shaft of the second planetary gear set.
  • the second electrical Ma machine is assigned a coupling device with two coupling positions and one neutral position. This makes it possible to supply the power of the second electrical machine to the manual transmission on two different paths, depending on requirements.
  • the second electrical machine is connected directly to the transmission input shaft in a first coupling position. the. This adds up the outputs or torques of the two electrical machines. Since both machines have the same speed with this coupling, double the drive power at the differential input results from the same electrical machines.
  • the second electrical Ma machine is coupled in a second coupling position with the sun shaft of the second planetary set.
  • the power of the second electrical machine thus flows into the manual transmission on a different path, resulting in a superimposed operation.
  • this coupling position traction support can be achieved when shifting gears in the manual transmission. If there is an interruption in the tractive effort when passing through the neutral position during a shift, the second electric machine provides support via the second sun shaft, so that there is no interruption in tractive effort at the transmission output shaft. Power shifts are thus possible.
  • the coupling device has a neutral position in which the second electrical machine can be decoupled, that is, it is not dragged along. This avoids drag losses.
  • the sliding sleeve of the switching device has a passage which enables a mechanical connection between the sun's shaft of the second planetary gear set and the coupling device.
  • the second sun shaft can be guided to the coupling device and the second electrical machine can introduce a torque into the gearbox via the coupling device.
  • the wheel axles are arranged coaxially or axially parallel to the axis of rotation of the two electrical machines.
  • the coaxial design results in a compact arrangement of the gear and shift elements in the area close to the axis, the gearbox and also the differential as well as the shift elements can be arranged radially within the electrical machines, ie within their rotors.
  • fixed gear ratios are arranged between the differential output shafts and the drive wheels, as a result of which the overall ratio between the electric machine and the drive wheels is further increased slowly.
  • the translation stages can be represented by various embodiments, as already disclosed in the earlier application to which reference is made.
  • the drive axle is designed as a por tal axle, the wheel axles having an offset with respect to the differential output shafts or with respect to the axis of rotation of the electrical machines. This means that greater ground clearance is achieved for the electric vehicle.
  • the portal axis which can be displayed with different translation levels, also corresponds to the older login.
  • the axis of rotation of the electric machines is arranged perpendicular to the wheel axles, i.e. in the longitudinal direction of the electric vehicle.
  • the axle differential is driven by the gearbox output shaft via a bevel drive.
  • This drive arrangement is referred to as a central drive, with the electrical machines and the gearbox outside the vehicle axle, which only includes the axle differential and drive wheels, are arranged.
  • a method for carrying out shifts under load provides that the first electrical machine is operated as the main drive machine and the second electrical machine can be used to assist traction during the shifting operations. This takes the advantage of a load shift, i. H. a circuit without interruption of the tractive effort.
  • the second sun shaft is coupled to the second electrical machine in preparation for a shift in the manual transmission.
  • additional power flows into the manual transmission, and the second electrical machine provides support during the shifting process, especially when passing through the neutral position.
  • the tractive force there is no interruption of the tractive force.
  • FIG. 1 shows a drive axle according to the invention of an electric vehicle with two electric machines and a three-speed manual transmission
  • FIG. 2 shows the drive axle according to FIG. 1 with a circuit variant
  • Fig. 3 shows the drive axis according to FIG. 1, but as a portal axis in a first imple mentation form
  • Fig. 4 shows the drive axis according to FIG. 1, but as a portal axis in a second imple mentation form
  • FIG. 6 shows a drive arrangement of an electric vehicle with a central drive.
  • Fig. 1 shows as a first embodiment of the invention a drive axle 1, wel che two drive wheels R1, R2 with wheel axles a1, a2, a first electrical Maschi ne EM1 with a first rotor R01, a second electrical machine EM2 with egg nem second rotor R02 and includes a three-speed manual transmission G3.
  • a shifting device SE3 with a first shifting element A, a second shifting element B and a third shifting element C is assigned to the manual transmission G3.
  • Between tween the two drive wheels R1, R2 is a differential Dl with a differential input designed as a differential basket DIK and two differential output shafts 3a, 3b.
  • the three-speed gearbox G3, hereinafter referred to as gearbox G3 for short, comprises two planetary sets coupled to one another, a first planetary set PS1 with a first sun shaft S01, a first spider shaft ST 1 and a first ring gear shaft HR1 fixed to the housing and a second planetary set PS2 with a second Sun shaft S02, a second spider shaft ST2 and a second ring gear shaft HR2, which is firmly connected to the first spider shaft ST 1, and a coupling shaft forms between the two planetary gear sets PS1, PS2.
  • the first sun shaft S01 is firmly connected to the first rotor R01 and thus forms the transmission input shaft EW of the gearbox G3.
  • the second spider shaft ST2 forms the gearbox output shaft AW, which drives into the differential Dl, ie is firmly connected to the differential cage DlK.
  • the two planetary gear sets PS1, PS2 form a gear set which corresponds to the gear set disclosed in the earlier application.
  • Fixed gear ratios are arranged between the differential Dl and the drive wheels R1, R21, here designed as a third planetary set PS3a arranged on the right and a third planetary set PS3b arranged on the left, which are mirror images.
  • the differential Dl has two differential output shafts 3a, 3b, which drive the sun shafts S03 of the planetary gear sets PS3a, PS3b.
  • the hollow wheel shafts HR3 are each held; the output takes place via the Stegwel le ST3, which drive the drive wheels R1, R2 as output shafts 2a, 2b.
  • Three gears can be shifted with the shifting device SE3: To engage the first gear, the second sun shaft S02 is coupled to the housing, represented by hatching, by means of the first shifting element A, i. H. fixed. Both planetary sets PS1, PS2 thus run with fixed gear ratios, which, when multiplied with one another, result in the gear ratio of the first gear.
  • the second shift element B through which the second gear is shifted, locks the second planetary gear set PS2, whereby basically two of the three shafts S02, HR2, ST2 can be coupled to one another.
  • the second sun shaft S02 is gekop pelt with the second ring gear shaft HR2.
  • the second planetary set PS2 rotates as a block, i.e. H. with a ratio of 1: 1, so that the ratio of the second gear results from the fixed ratio of the first planetary gear set PS1.
  • the third shift element C through which the third gear is engaged, connects the second sun shaft S02 with the first sun shaft S01. This results in a double coupling of the first and the second planetary gear set PS1, PS2, which results in a superimposed operation of the first and the second planetary gear set PS1, PS2 with a lower gear ratio for the third gear.
  • the switching elements A, B, C are preferably designed as unsynchronized claws, with frictional, synchronized switching elements can also be used for the switching functions described.
  • the gearbox G3 has between the three shift positions in which either the shift element A or the shift element B or the shift element C is closed, two neutral positions in which the first electric machine EM1 can be coupled from the gearbox G3.
  • the rotor R01 of the first electrical machine EM1 has a cylindrical cavity in which the two planetary gear sets PS1, PS2 and partly also the differential Dl can be arranged in a space-saving manner; in particular, installation space is saved in the axial direction.
  • the second sun shaft S02 of the second planetary gear set PS2 is involved in all switching positions - therefore all switching elements, i.e. the first, second and third switching elements A, B, C can be integrated into a single sliding sleeve SM, which rotates in all switching positions the second sun shaft S02 is connected to be integrated.
  • the sliding sleeve SM is operated by a single Aktua tor AK1. Since the gears one to three can be shifted one after the other by moving the sliding sleeve SM in one direction, in each case via neutral positions, there is the possibility of synchronizing the shifting elements.
  • the second electrical machine EM2 can be switched on or decoupled by a coupling device KE.
  • the coupling device KE has a first coupling element D and a second coupling element E.
  • the second electrical machine EM2 is connected to the transmission input shaft EW of the gearbox G3 via its rotor R02 via the second coupling element E.
  • both electrical machines EM1, EM 2 run at the same speed.
  • the second electrical machine EM2 thus increases the drive power, which - with the same electrical machines EM1, EM2 - can be doubled.
  • the second electrical machine EM2 is connected to the second sun shaft S02 by the first coupling element D, this coupling connection being made possible by a passage DU in the sliding sleeve SM of the switching device SE3.
  • the first coupling element D can thus reach through the sliding sleeve SM to the sun shaft S02 of the second planetary gear set PS2.
  • the power of the second electrical machine EM2 thus flows into the gearbox G3 on a different path, and the power flows of the two electrical machines EM1, EM2 are superimposed.
  • a tractive force support is achieved when shifting, which enables power shifts with the gearbox G3.
  • a circuit i. H.
  • a torque fed in from the second electric machine EM2 is applied to the sun shaft S02 of the second plane set PS2, which maintains the tractive force in the output shaft AW or the second Spider wave ST2 causes. Shifting without interruption of traction is also referred to as a power shift process, which is described in more detail below.
  • the power shift method according to the invention assumes that the first electrical cal machine EM1 acts as the main drive machine, since it is permanently connected to the gearbox G3 via the transmission input shaft EW. To support the circuits, the second electrical machine EM2 is connected to the second sun shaft S02 in preparation.
  • the following describes the shift from first to second gear, the first shifting element A of the shifting device SE3 being opened and then the second shifting element B being closed.
  • the load on the second electrical machine EM2 is first reduced, ie. H.
  • the second coupling element E of the coupling device KE is opened and the first coupling element D is synchronized with the second electrical machine EM2, that is, braked here to zero speed.
  • the first coupling element D is closed.
  • the second electrical machine EM2 is then connected to the second sun shaft S02.
  • a torque is built up by the second electrical machine EM2, so that the load on the first switching element A, which acts as a brake, is relieved. If the second electrical machine EM2 cannot generate enough torque, the torque of the first electrical machine EM1 is reduced accordingly. Then the first switching element A is opened.
  • the torques of the first and the second electric machine EM1, EM2 are controlled or regulated in such a way that the speed of the second electric machine EM2 increases and the speed of the first electric machine EM1 decreases.
  • the torque of the second electrical machine EM2 is preferably increased somewhat - if possible - and at the same time the torque of the first electrical machine EM1 is reduced somewhat.
  • the target speed of the second sun shaft S02 which corresponds to the speed of the second electrical machine EM2, is the speed of the second ring gear shaft HR2, so that the second shift element B becomes synchronous. As soon as the second switching element B is synchronous, it can be closed.
  • the torques of the first and the second electrical machine EM1, EM2 can now be divided as desired, since a fixed gear, namely the second, is engaged. If necessary, the second electrical machine EM2 can be decoupled from the second sun shaft S02. If the full drive power is desired, the second electrical machine EM2 can also be connected to the transmission input shaft EW or the first sun shaft S01.
  • the switching device SE3 or its sliding sleeve SM is actuated by a first actuator AK1, while the coupling device KE is actuated by a second actuator AK2.
  • the common axis of rotation m of the two electrical machines EM1, EM2 coincides with the two wheel axles a1, a2.
  • the planetary sets PS1, PS2, PS3a, PS3b, of which only the upper half is provided, are arranged rotationally symmetrical to the axis of rotation m.
  • the power shift process when shifting from second to third gear, with the second shift element B being opened and the third shift element C closed, is analogous to the shifting process from first to second gear, as described above Rotational speeds of the first and second electrical machines.
  • FIG. 2 shows, as a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, a drive axle 2 which essentially, in particular functionally, corresponds to the drive axle 1 according to FIG. 1;
  • the same reference numerals as in FIG. 1 are used for the same parts.
  • Fig. 1 Different from Fig. 1 is the coupling of the shafts of the second Plane tset in the shift position B.
  • Fig. 2 shows a locking variant in which the sun shaft S02 and the spider shaft ST2, which is also the gearbox output shaft AW of the gearbox G3, are interlocked .
  • the second planetary gear set PS2 thus rotates as a block, d. H. the result is a ratio of 1: 1.
  • this blocking variant corresponds functionally to the blocking as shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 shows a drive axle 3, which essentially corresponds to the drive axle 1 according to FIG. 1, but with the difference that the drive axle 3 is designed as a portal axle, ie the wheel axles a1, a2 point opposite the axis of rotation m an axial offset u.
  • the axial offset u is achieved by two mirror-inverted gear steps PS4a, PS4b arranged in the area of the drive wheels R1, R2, which are designed as planetary sets, in which the web is held in each case.
  • the drive takes place from the differential output shafts 3a, 3b via a planetary gear, while the output takes place via the sun shaft on the output shafts 2a, 2b, coaxially to the wheel axles a1, a2.
  • the planetary sets PS4a, PS4b correspond to the planetary sets 30 according to FIG older registration and the associated description on page 11, overall page 12, first paragraph, to which reference is hereby made.
  • Fig. 4 shows as a further embodiment of the invention a drive axle 4, which is again designed as a portal axis, but with modified, wheel-related constant gear ratios, which are designed here as spur gear STa, STb and an offset v between the differential output shafts 3a, 3b and the output shafts 2a, 2b.
  • the stationary transmission STa comprises a drive gear Z1 arranged in a rotationally fixed manner on the drive shaft 3a, an output gear Z2 arranged on the output shaft 2a and two intermediate gears Z3, Z4, each of which is in engagement with the drive gear Z1 and the output gear Z2.
  • a gear scheme for the arrangement of the gears Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4 in a radial plane is shown in the drawing at the top right.
  • FIG. 5 shows, as a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, a drive axle 5 in which the gearbox is designed as a two-speed gearbox G2 and has a shifting device SE2 with only two shifting elements, the first shifting element A and the third shifting element C.
  • the second shift element B is omitted in the two-speed manual transmission G2.
  • the first and second gear are shifted via the two shifting elements A, C.
  • the switching element A is closed, the second sun shaft S02 is connected to the housing so that both planetary gear sets PS1, PS2 run with a fixed transmission.
  • the fixed gear ratios connected one after the other result in the gear ratio of the first gear.
  • the second gear is formed by closing the switching element C, whereby both sun shafts S01, S02 are coupled with each other - this results in a Gölagerungsbe the two planetary gear sets PS1, PS2, which results in the translation for the second gear.
  • the gear jump or the gear ratio spread between the first and the second gear in the two-speed gearbox is thus the same as between the first and third gear in the three-speed gearbox G3 (FIG. 1).
  • the two-speed Gearbox G2 has a shorter shift path for the sliding sleeve SM, since there are only three shift positions, namely “A”, neutral and “C”.
  • the transmission output shaft AW of the two-speed gearbox G2, the second spider shaft ST2, is directly connected to the differential cage DIK of the differential Dl the three-speed transmission G3 can, if necessary, be replaced by the two-speed transmission G2 in that the second shift element B is omitted.
  • FIG. 6 shows a drive arrangement 6 which is designed as a so-called central drive.
  • the electrical machines EM1, EM2 and the gearbox G3 are not arranged in the area of the wheel axles a3, a4, but rather at a “central” point in the electric vehicle.
  • the first electrical machine EM1 with gearbox G3 and switching device SE3 and the second electrical Ma machine EM2 with coupling device KE form a drive unit with an axis of rotation and symmetry m, which is arranged perpendicular to the wheel axles a3, a4 of the drive wheels R3, R4.
  • the differential Dl is driven via a bevel gear KT through the transmission output shaft AW of the gearbox G3.
  • a bevel gear pinion KT1 which is attached to the transmission output shaft AW, meshes with a plate wheel KT2, which is firmly connected to the differential cage of the differential Dl.
  • the three-speed manual transmission G3 shown in FIG. 6 can be replaced by the two-speed manual transmission G2 shown in FIG. Reference symbol
  • AW gearbox output shaft a1 wheel axle, left a2 wheel axle, right a3 wheel axle a4 wheel axle

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Retarders (AREA)
EP20780986.4A 2019-09-30 2020-09-24 Antriebsachse eines elektrofahrzeuges und lastschaltverfahren Withdrawn EP4037923A1 (de)

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DE102019214986.3A DE102019214986A1 (de) 2019-09-30 2019-09-30 Antriebsachse eines Elektrofahrzeuges und Lastschaltverfahren
PCT/EP2020/076679 WO2021063789A1 (de) 2019-09-30 2020-09-24 Antriebsachse eines elektrofahrzeuges und lastschaltverfahren

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US11421759B2 (en) 2020-06-02 2022-08-23 Allison Transmission, Inc. Output gearing for a dual motor mixed-speed continuous power transmission
DE102020215124A1 (de) 2020-12-01 2022-06-02 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Verfahren zum Betreiben einer elektrischen Maschine

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US11846343B2 (en) 2023-12-19
WO2021063789A1 (de) 2021-04-08
CN114514388A (zh) 2022-05-17
US20220364631A1 (en) 2022-11-17
KR20220064374A (ko) 2022-05-18

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