EP3990203B1 - Agencement destiné à la coulée basse pression de métaux à point de fusion élevé - Google Patents

Agencement destiné à la coulée basse pression de métaux à point de fusion élevé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3990203B1
EP3990203B1 EP20739274.7A EP20739274A EP3990203B1 EP 3990203 B1 EP3990203 B1 EP 3990203B1 EP 20739274 A EP20739274 A EP 20739274A EP 3990203 B1 EP3990203 B1 EP 3990203B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
molten metal
metal container
furnace chamber
arrangement
receiving mould
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP20739274.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3990203A1 (fr
Inventor
Carsten WOHLTMANN
Arne OTTO-RADTKE
Marco Haesche
Franz-Josef Wöstmann
Michael Heuser
Jan Eilers
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Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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Publication of EP3990203A1 publication Critical patent/EP3990203A1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/06—Crucible or pot furnaces heated electrically, e.g. induction crucible furnaces with or without any other source of heat
    • F27B14/061—Induction furnaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B22D18/04—Low pressure casting, i.e. making use of pressures up to a few bars to fill the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/02—Casting exceedingly oxidisable non-ferrous metals, e.g. in inert atmosphere
    • B22D21/022—Casting heavy metals, with exceedingly high melting points, i.e. more than 1600 degrees C, e.g. W 3380 degrees C, Ta 3000 degrees C, Mo 2620 degrees C, Zr 1860 degrees C, Cr 1765 degrees C, V 1715 degrees C
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/06—Crucible or pot furnaces heated electrically, e.g. induction crucible furnaces with or without any other source of heat
    • F27B14/061—Induction furnaces
    • F27B14/063—Skull melting type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/10—Crucibles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D11/00—Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces
    • F27D11/06—Induction heating, i.e. in which the material being heated, or its container or elements embodied therein, form the secondary of a transformer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B2014/0843—Lining or casing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B2014/0881—Two or more crucibles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/10—Crucibles
    • F27B2014/104—Crucible linings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/10—Crucibles
    • F27B2014/108—Cold crucibles (transparent to electromagnetic radiations)

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an arrangement for the low-pressure casting of refractory metals, which has a furnace chamber with one or more gas supply and gas outlet openings and a riser pipe through a cover of the furnace chamber, a melting container for the refractory metals arranged in the furnace chamber, and a heating device for heating the refractory metals Has metals in the melting container.
  • a melting container containing the material to be cast is placed in a pressure-tight furnace chamber which is closed off by a lid.
  • a riser tube runs through the lid between the melting container and the exterior space, onto which a mold is placed.
  • permanent metallic molds injection molds
  • the material is usually heated up via an inductive heating device which is arranged in the furnace chamber.
  • a gas such as nitrogen or argon is introduced into the furnace chamber, which exerts pressure on the melt pool in the melting container. This pressurization causes the melt to rise slowly through the riser pipe to the mold above.
  • the pressurization is maintained until the entire component has solidified. After the gas pressure has been released, the remaining melt can flow out of the riser pipe back into the melting container. The component is then removed from the mold.
  • the basic advantage of a low-pressure casting process compared to a classic casting process is, on the one hand, the easily controllable, slow mold filling, which leads to high component quality, and, on the other hand, the reduction in the proportion of circulation due to the backflow of the melt in the riser pipe.
  • non-ferrous metals such as aluminum and copper alloys are mainly processed.
  • standardized crucibles made of aluminum oxide or silicon carbide are usually used as melting containers, which are placed free-standing in the furnace chamber of the low-pressure casting arrangement. This has the advantage that if the alloy is changed, the crucible can be exchanged very easily via the open lid.
  • the casting system usually consists of a steel hollow body, which has a solid furnace lining (lining) to form a crucible.
  • the furnace has various openings that are used for charging, melt treatment or sampling.
  • the casting moulds in particular sand moulds, are positioned on a funnel-shaped upper furnace opening, the casting nozzle.
  • the melt is inductively heated or kept warm.
  • a distinction is made here between crucible and channel furnaces or inductors.
  • the mold After applying increased gas pressure to the melt surface, the mold is slowly filled with molten metal via the casting nozzle.
  • the casting pressure is maintained until the component has solidified.
  • the gas pressure is then released again and the remaining melt runs back into the crucible.
  • the advantages of the process lie in the slow and easily controllable mold filling and the reduction in the proportion of circulation (smaller gating system, no feeder).
  • the well-known low-pressure casting furnaces for steel have a solid furnace lining that is tailored to the material to be processed. As a result, a quick change of the casting material is not possible. To change the material, the entire furnace lining would have to be removed and relined.
  • a technique for the production of railway wheels in steel low-pressure casting is known, which enables a quick exchange of the melting vessel.
  • a casting ladle filled with the already molten steel is placed in an airtight housing and closed with a lid.
  • a casting ladle basically consists of a steel container lined with a ceramic lining.
  • a casting mold located above the ladle is filled with increased gas pressure via a riser pipe.
  • the disadvantage of this system is the ongoing cooling of the melt in the ladle, so that the pouring time is correspondingly limited.
  • limitations due to the flowability decreasing with the melting temperature are examples of the melting temperature.
  • the object of the present invention is to specify an arrangement for the low-pressure casting of high-melting metals that enables the metals or metal alloys to be changed quickly and is also suitable for the production of thin-walled cast structures.
  • the proposed arrangement has a furnace chamber with one or more gas supply and gas outlet openings and a riser pipe through a cover of the furnace chamber, onto which a mold can be placed, a melting container for the high-melting metals or metal alloys arranged in the furnace chamber and a preferably inductive heating device the refractory metals in the melting container can be heated.
  • the arrangement is characterized in that the melting container is designed as a removable insert for the melting container in particular laterally supporting receiving form in the furnace chamber and that a thermally insulating layer between receiving form and Melting container is designed or integrated in the melting container.
  • the furnace chamber can be closed off gas-tightly from the outside in a known manner in order to press a melt present in the melting container via the riser pipe into a mold placed on the riser pipe by increasing the gas pressure in the furnace chamber. Due to the design of the melting container as a removable and thus exchangeable insert, it can be exchanged quickly and easily in order to change the alloy.
  • the design as an insert in a receiving mold that preferably supports the entire circumference of the melting container, ie the bottom surface and side surface(s), enables the necessary mechanical support when processing metals with high density, such as steel.
  • the thermally insulating layer significantly reduces temperature differences between the inside and outside of the melting container or the receiving mold, so that thermally induced mechanical stresses that can lead to the melting container breaking are prevented or at least significantly reduced.
  • the receiving opening of the receiving form is geometrically adapted as far as possible to the outer shape of the melting container in order to be able to support it over as large an area as possible.
  • the one or more induction coils of the heating device can be integrated into the receiving form.
  • the recording form has an inner formwork of a preferably ceramic material, in which one or more induction coils of the heating device for heating the metal casting material are embedded.
  • the inner formwork is supported by an outer support structure, preferably of steel.
  • the outer walls of the furnace chamber preferably represent this supporting structure, so that the inner formwork forms a lining of the furnace chamber.
  • the meltable container can be designed as an insert that can be removed upwards in a receiving form that correspondingly has the receiving opening facing upwards.
  • a bed of a high-temperature-resistant material for example high-alumina, is preferably introduced between the walls of the receiving opening and the melting container, which forms the thermally insulating layer.
  • the receiving opening and the external dimensions of the melting container are matched to one another in order to form a sufficiently large gap for the bed.
  • the receiving opening has a conical shape, which preferably narrows towards the top.
  • the meltable container is realized with a correspondingly complementary conical shape, so that the outside of the meltable container is in full contact with the inside of the receiving opening after it has been inserted into the receiving opening.
  • the melting container is here from below in the introduced below open receiving opening and pressed by a suitable mechanism in this opening and held there. This mechanism can be designed in different ways and can work, for example, by means of compression springs or else by a motor or hydraulic drive.
  • the furnace chamber has a detachable base plate, which makes it easy to change the melting container.
  • the thermally insulating layer forms the outside of the melting container and is applied to an internal circuit, which is preferably formed from a ceramic material.
  • the thermally insulating layer can be formed, for example, by a fleece that is resistant to high temperatures.
  • the melting container has an inner formwork, preferably made of a ceramic material, an intermediate bed made of a high-temperature-resistant material, for example high alumina, and an outer formwork, preferably also made of a ceramic material. This outer formwork can also be formed by several rings lying loosely one on top of the other and a base plate. In the aforementioned configurations, the melting container can be very easily removed from the receiving mold and changed by simply loosening or removing the base plate of the furnace chamber.
  • the proposed arrangement is particularly suitable for low-pressure casting of high-melting metals, in which the metals should be changed easily and quickly.
  • the melting container is designed as an exchangeable insert of a receiving form which is arranged in the furnace space or forms a lining of the furnace space.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of the proposed arrangement in a cross-sectional representation outside the scope of the claims.
  • the furnace chamber is formed by a steel frame 1 which is closed by a removable cover 5 .
  • the cover contains a gas inlet 6 and a gas outlet 7 for increasing or reducing the pressure in the furnace.
  • a riser pipe 8 runs through the cover, onto which a mold 9 is placed. By increasing the gas pressure in the furnace chamber, the melt 10 in the melting container rises via the riser pipe 8 into the mold 9 in order to solidify there into the component to be cast.
  • the melting container is formed from an inner crucible 3, which is inserted into a thick-walled outer crucible 2 as a receiving mold and can also be removed from this again.
  • Windings of the induction coil(s) 11 of the heating device are integrated into the outer crucible 2, which is formed from a refractory material.
  • this outer crucible 2 forms a lining of the steel frame 1 and is connected to supply lines for the induction coil(s) 11 .
  • the inner crucible 3 for receiving the molten metal is in the outer crucible 2 as Recording form used, the cavity between the two crucibles with a refractory bed 4, such as high alumina, is filled.
  • the furnace chamber is closed with the pressure-tight cover 5, which has a central opening for the riser pipe 8. Due to the compact structure of this arrangement for low-pressure casting, a small gas volume is required for applying the pressurization, whereby costs (less gas consumption) and the time for applying the gas pressure can be reduced.
  • the interchangeable inner crucible 3 enables the alloys to be changed more quickly and easily.
  • a melt detection system 18 can be placed between the outer crucible 3 and the bed 4, for example a wire mesh connected to a measuring device. Upon contact with the molten metal, the heating device would then switched off automatically. Such a melt detection system 18 can also be used in the further configurations described below.
  • the melting container is designed in a conical shape and is inserted into a receiving mold 2 with a conical receiving opening.
  • the furnace chamber is in turn formed by a steel frame, not shown in this figure and the following figures, by which the receiving mold 2 is supported.
  • the receiving form 2 here has a continuous receiving opening with a conical shape.
  • the induction coils 11 are again integrated in the recording form 2, as is shown in FIG 2 is indicated.
  • the furnace chamber is closed off by a cover 5 with a gas inlet 6, gas outlet 7 and a continuous riser pipe 8.
  • the casting mold 9 is in turn placed on the riser pipe 8 or the cover 5 .
  • the melting container is formed from a double-walled construction with an inner crucible 3 and a conical insert 12, between which there is a loose bed 4 of a refractory material, for example high-alumina.
  • this porous bulk material causes the inner crucible 3 to be supported against the conical insert 12 or the receiving mold 2 and leads to a desired thermal insulation effect.
  • the bulk material 4 can also absorb melt in the event of a crack in the crucible, the melt then solidifying within the fine passages of the bed 4 and further outflow of the melt is prevented.
  • the melting container is taken out of the receiving mold 2 downwards in this example.
  • a removable base plate 13 is provided, on which a spring system 14 is arranged in the present example, which presses the melting container into the conical receiving opening 2 .
  • the melting container is fully supported by the receiving mold 2 .
  • the furnace body is lifted off the base plate 13 in order to fill the melting container with liquid melt.
  • the bottom plate 13 is then pulled out from under the furnace body and is free to fill the melting container with the melt.
  • the base plate 13 with the melting container is then placed again under the furnace body and the latter is lowered onto the base plate.
  • the conical insert 12 of the melting container ensures good centering and the spring system 14 can ensure that the conical insert 12 of the melting container rests against the inner walls of the receiving mold 2 over the entire surface.
  • the execution by means of a spring system 14 is only one design variant.
  • Other options for adjusting the height of the melting container are mechanisms that work using hydraulics, pneumatics or screw jacks. With this configuration of the arrangement, the melting container or just the inner crucible 3 of the melting container can be very easily and quickly exchanged to carry out an alloy change.
  • the conical insert 12 of the configuration 2 also consist of a conical tube or individual conical rings 15 and an associated base plate 16, as in 3 is shown as an example.
  • the other components of this exemplary arrangement correspond to those of 2 .
  • the conical rings 15 can also be assembled with one another using a tongue and groove system. The advantage of this design over the design of 2 lies in the greater flexibility of the melting container with regard to thermal expansion.
  • the figures 4 and 5 show another exemplary embodiment of the proposed arrangement, which is the 2 resembles.
  • the melting container in contrast to the design of the 2 the melting container consists only of an inner crucible 3 in a conical shape with a high-temperature fleece 17 attached thereto, which can be applied to the preferably ceramic inner crucible 3, for example with a ceramic adhesive.
  • the fleece 17 ensures the insulation of the inner crucible 3, resulting in better temperature homogeneity over the crucible wall.
  • the fleece 17 supports the crucible 3 against the receiving mold 2 and compensates for simultaneous thermal expansions.
  • the configurations of figures 4 and 5 differ only in that in the design of the figure 5 the crucible interior of the inner crucible 3 has an undercut. This has the advantage that the distance to the lower windings of the induction coil(s) 11 is reduced and thus better coupling of the electrical energy into the melt 10 can be achieved.
  • In 6 is another advantageous embodiment of the design of 2 shown.
  • this embodiment has a uniformly vertical arrangement of the induction coil(s) 11 . Due to this vertical arrangement, due to the now uniform distance from the melt 10, an overall more uniform heating of the melt is achieved.
  • the low-pressure casting furnace has a separate base frame 19 with resistance heating below the steel frame 1, which allows additional preheating of the entire crucible area, which is usually ceramic. This preheating can reduce heat-related stress cracks in the ceramic crucible.
  • the additional resistance heating(s) can also be arranged on the side or on the side and in the base frame.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Dispositif pour la coulée à basse pression de métaux à haut point de fusion qui présente
    - une chambre de four avec une ou plusieurs ouvertures d'alimentation en gaz (6) et d'évacuation de gaz (7) et une colonne montante (8) à travers un couvercle (5) de la chambre de four, sur lequel un moule (9) peut être placé,
    - un récipient de fusion (3, 12) disposé dans la chambre de four pour les métaux à haut point de fusion, et
    - un dispositif de chauffage pour chauffer les métaux à haut point de fusion dans le récipient de fusion (3, 12),
    dans lequel le récipient de fusion (3, 12) est configuré comme un insert interchangeable pour un moule récepteur (2) qui supporte le récipient de fusion (3, 12) et est disposé dans la chambre du four, et une couche thermiquement isolante (4, 17) entre le moule récepteur (2) et le récipient de fusion (3, 12) est formée ou intégrée dans le récipient de fusion (3, 12),
    dans lequel le récipient de fusion (3, 12) soit présente une coque interne (3) faite d'une céramique ou d'un autre matériau réfractaire, sur laquelle une couche thermiquement isolante (4, 17) composée d'une toile réfractaire (17) est formée, soit est formé d'une coque interne (3) en céramique ou autre matériau réfractaire, une coque externe (12) en céramique ou autre matériau réfractaire et un lit intermédiaire (4) en un matériau réfractaire en tant que couche isolante thermiquement (4, 17) est formée,
    et dans lequel une ouverture de réception du moule récepteur (2) et le récipient de fusion (3, 12) présentent une forme conique et le récipient de fusion (3, 12) et le moule récepteur (2) sont formés de sorte que le récipient de fusion (3, 12) soit amovible vers le bas hors du moule récepteur (2), et un mécanisme (14) est disposé sur une plaque de fond (13) de la chambre de four, qui peut presser le récipient de fusion (3, 12) par le bas dans la moule récepteur (2).
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le moule récepteur (2) est supporté par une structure en acier (1).
  3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la chambre de four est formée par une construction en acier (1) et le moule récepteur (2) est conçu comme un revêtement pour la chambre du four.
  4. Dispositif selon une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la moule récepteur (2) est formée d'une céramique ou d'un autre matériau réfractaire, dans lequel la ou les bobines à induction (11) du dispositif de chauffage sont intégrées.
  5. Dispositif selon une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la coque externe (12) est formée par une pluralité d'anneaux coniques (15) sur une plaque de base (16).
  6. Dispositif selon une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la plaque de fond (13) de la chambre de four est conçue de manière amovible ou détachable.
EP20739274.7A 2019-06-27 2020-06-23 Agencement destiné à la coulée basse pression de métaux à point de fusion élevé Active EP3990203B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019209389.2A DE102019209389A1 (de) 2019-06-27 2019-06-27 Anordnung für den Niederdruckguss von hochschmelzenden Metallen
PCT/EP2020/067442 WO2020260245A1 (fr) 2019-06-27 2020-06-23 Agencement destiné à la coulée basse pression de métaux à point de fusion élevé

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3990203A1 EP3990203A1 (fr) 2022-05-04
EP3990203B1 true EP3990203B1 (fr) 2023-05-10

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EP20739274.7A Active EP3990203B1 (fr) 2019-06-27 2020-06-23 Agencement destiné à la coulée basse pression de métaux à point de fusion élevé

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US11826820B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3990203B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN114450549B (fr)
DE (1) DE102019209389A1 (fr)
MX (1) MX2022000049A (fr)
PL (1) PL3990203T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020260245A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5319671A (en) * 1991-06-19 1994-06-07 Feuerfest Uberwachungstechnologie Saveway Gmbh Prewarning device for induction melting furnace

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US11826820B2 (en) 2023-11-28
DE102019209389A1 (de) 2020-12-31
CN114450549A (zh) 2022-05-06
EP3990203A1 (fr) 2022-05-04
WO2020260245A1 (fr) 2020-12-30
US20220347742A1 (en) 2022-11-03
MX2022000049A (es) 2022-05-20
PL3990203T3 (pl) 2023-08-28
CN114450549B (zh) 2024-05-10

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