EP3985307A1 - Chaudière - Google Patents

Chaudière Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3985307A1
EP3985307A1 EP20202583.9A EP20202583A EP3985307A1 EP 3985307 A1 EP3985307 A1 EP 3985307A1 EP 20202583 A EP20202583 A EP 20202583A EP 3985307 A1 EP3985307 A1 EP 3985307A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grate
tilting
boiler
cleaning
primary air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20202583.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ernst Hutterer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Froeling Heizkessel und Behaelterbau GmbH
Original Assignee
Froeling Heizkessel und Behaelterbau GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Froeling Heizkessel und Behaelterbau GmbH filed Critical Froeling Heizkessel und Behaelterbau GmbH
Priority to EP20202583.9A priority Critical patent/EP3985307A1/fr
Publication of EP3985307A1 publication Critical patent/EP3985307A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H15/00—Cleaning arrangements for grates; Moving fuel along grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B60/00—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel burns essentially without moving
    • F23B60/02—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel burns essentially without moving with combustion air supplied through a grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H9/00—Revolving-grates; Rocking or shaking grates
    • F23H9/04—Grates rocked as a whole

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a boiler for a solid fuel, for example pellets, comprising: a firing unit with a tilting grate which can be tilted between a firing position and a cleaning position and which has a grate surface and primary air openings.
  • the invention also relates to a method for cleaning a tilting grate of a boiler for a solid fuel, for example pellets.
  • a tipping grate with grate openings can be provided. Ash and slag can be removed from the grate surface by tilting the tipping grate. In addition, melted ash can cake on the grate openings during operation, which can cause malfunctions.
  • the AT 503 043 B1 suggests another way of forced cleaning of the grate.
  • the grate is tilted downwards about a pivot axis on the lateral edge of the tipping grate.
  • the tilting movement is limited by a stop, which is set in such a way that the top grate parts that can be moved in the lower position are displaced.
  • This cleans the air gaps formed between the movable upper grid parts and fixed upper grid parts.
  • a design with movable and fixed upper grate parts is disadvantageous because the grate parts can warp due to the high thermal loads caused by the bed of embers. This allows cleaning be hindered.
  • a movable grate part is also provided in the form of a round rod, which is guided through an air opening in the center of the tipping grate when tilted.
  • grate parts ie parts of the tipping grate forming the grate surface
  • a round rod is pushed through the central grate opening.
  • this structure is very complicated and also takes up a lot of space. Due to the overall height, deformations can also occur due to the temperature profile. Thermal insulation under the ash barrier increases this problem.
  • the object of the invention is to alleviate or eliminate at least individual disadvantages of the prior art.
  • the invention aims in particular to equip a boiler with a structurally simple and space-saving tipping grate with which the primary air openings can be cleaned permanently and particularly reliably.
  • several cleaning elements are movably mounted on the tipping grate, which are guided through the primary air openings when the tipping grate is tilted into the cleaning position.
  • the following step is carried out: Tilting the tipping grate from a firing position into a cleaning position, cleaning elements movably mounted on the tipping grate being guided out of the primary air openings by tilting the tipping grate.
  • the cleaning elements are moved from a first end position, corresponding to the firing position of the tipping grate, to a second end position, corresponding to the Cleaning position of the tipping grate, moved.
  • the upper edges of the cleaning elements are preferably essentially at the level of the grate surface or at most so far below the grate surface that the cleaning elements cannot laterally exit from the passage openings.
  • jamming of the cleaning elements due to the thermal load during firing operation can be limited and the function of the cleaning elements can be ensured.
  • the cleaning elements do not protrude beyond the preferably flat grate surface, which is preferably arranged essentially horizontally in the firing position.
  • a uniform grate surface (ie without sections that can move relative to one another) is preferably provided.
  • the tilting grate can have a grate plate, the upper side of which forms the grate surface and which has recesses for forming the primary air openings.
  • the cleaning elements are preferably mounted on the tilting grate in such a way that the upper edges of the cleaning elements in the firing position are essentially flush with the top of the grate plate, ie with the grate surface, or only less than the wall thickness of the grate plate underneath.
  • the cleaning elements project upwards over the grate surface.
  • the relative movement between the cleaning elements and the primary air openings causes the primary air openings to be cleaned of deposits.
  • the primary air openings can be cleaned extensively and thoroughly from deposits such as ash or slag. Because the cleaning elements are mounted on the tipping grate, forced cleaning of the primary air openings is ensured when the tipping grate is tilted into the cleaning position. In this way, the primary air supply for operation can be reliably guaranteed. Tilting the tipping grate also means that the grate surface is cleaned of loose residues such as ash and slag. Since the cleaning elements are mounted on the tipping grate and participate in the tipping movement of the tipping grate, no additional space for stationary matrices in the ash space below the tipping grate is advantageously required.
  • a larger volume of ash can be accommodated in the ash chamber.
  • the cleaning elements are mounted on the tipping grate itself, the cleaning elements are essentially at the same temperature level as the Grate surface with the primary air openings.
  • deformations of the cleaning elements due to temperature differences can be avoided and the passage of the cleaning elements through the primary air openings with a precise fit can thus be ensured.
  • Functional losses due to thermally induced deformations can therefore advantageously be largely avoided. Due to the large number of cleaning elements, a number of primary air openings can be reliably cleaned.
  • the tipping grate has at least three, in particular at least four, primary air openings and a corresponding number of cleaning elements.
  • the primary air openings extend at intervals, in particular at constant intervals, from one another on the tipping grate, as a result of which the grate surface on the upper side of the tipping grate is divided into individual sections.
  • the cleaning elements are mounted on the tipping grate so that they can pivot about a pivot axis.
  • the tilting movement of the tilting grate is converted into a swiveling movement of the cleaning elements.
  • the pivot axis can be formed by an axis which is mounted in openings in the tilting grate below the grate surface (relative to the firing position).
  • the openings may be formed on an extension extending downward from the grate surface.
  • the maximum pivoting angle of the cleaning elements between the first and the second end position relative to the grate surface is preferably at least 5 degrees, preferably at least 9 degrees, in particular essentially 10 degrees.
  • the pivoting axis of the cleaning elements runs in order to enable a large-area and thorough cleaning of the tipping grate in a preferred embodiment on a lateral edge area of the tipping grate.
  • the primary air openings are designed as primary air slots and the cleaning elements as cleaning plates, in particular cleaning plates, with the cleaning plates preferably being arranged on edge (i.e. essentially perpendicular to the grate surface) on the tilting grate.
  • the cleaning plates are preferably elongate, with the elongate cleaning plates preferably being arranged lying down (i.e. along the primary air slots). This ensures a low overall height of the tipping grate with the cleaning elements.
  • the cleaning elements are essentially at the same temperature level as the tipping grate during firing operation.
  • the primary air slots enable an effective air supply into the combustion chamber, while the cleaning plates ensure that the grate surface is cleaned over a large area.
  • the primary air slots extend over more than half the length of the grate surface, in particular over three quarters of the length of the grate surface, with the cleaning plates preferably extending essentially over the entire length of the primary air slots extend.
  • the cleaning plates are preferably arranged with a lateral and/or frontal play in the primary air slots in order to allow the passage of the primary air.
  • the tilting grate has an actuating element, in particular an actuating rod, which is movably mounted relative to the grate surface and which moves against a first stationary stop of the firing unit when the tilting grate is tilted into the cleaning position will.
  • the actuating element is pressed against the first stationary stop (ie not tilting with the tilting grate) in such a way that the cleaning elements are pushed over the grate surface.
  • the actuating element can be connected to the individual cleaning elements, in particular via holding openings. If the actuating element is designed as an actuating rod, the actuating rod can penetrate the individual cleaning elements at a distance from the pivot axis, in particular at the free end regions opposite the pivot axis of the cleaning elements.
  • the actuating rod can have spacer rings which keep the cleaning elements at a distance.
  • the pivot axis of the cleaning elements can have further spacer rings, which also keep the cleaning elements at a distance.
  • the cleaning elements are mounted on the tilting grate, in particular pivotably mounted, in such a way that when the tilting grate is tilted into the cleaning position, the cleaning elements are moved, in particular pivoted, exclusively by gravity into the second end position, in which the cleaning elements emerge from the primary air openings of the tipping grate protrude.
  • the cleaning elements can in particular already be arranged in the second end position before a first stationary stop is reached. This can be achieved by a suitable choice of the center of gravity of the cleaning elements relative to the center of gravity of the tipping grate and a corresponding arrangement of the tipping axis of the tipping grate.
  • the first stationary stop is preferably provided, which reliably brings the cleaning elements into the second end position even when the primary air openings are dirty.
  • the firing unit has a second stationary stop against which the actuating element is moved when the tipping grate is tilted into the firing position.
  • the actuating element is on the second stationary (i.e. not with the Tilting grate mitkippenden) stop pushed, whereby the cleaning elements - are pushed back into the first end position - in addition to the effect of gravity.
  • the second stationary stop With the second stationary stop, the complete return of the cleaning elements can be ensured independently of gravity.
  • a simple construction is achieved if the first and/or the second stationary stop are formed on a stop plate, on which the tilting axis of the tilting grate is preferably mounted.
  • An embodiment in which two stop plates, each with a first and a second stationary stop, are provided on opposite sides, in particular longitudinal sides, of the tipping grate is even more stable, with two opposite ends of the actuating element hitting the first stationary stops and be pushed onto the second stationary stops when the firing position is reached.
  • the tilting grate has a guide for the actuating element, with the guide limiting the movement of the actuating element relative to the grate surface.
  • the guide can have at least one slot guide, along which the actuating element is guided.
  • the ends of the slot guide define the first and the second end position of the movement of the actuating element.
  • two slot guides can be provided, in particular on opposite edges of the tipping grate.
  • a light and reliable design is achieved if the actuating element extends essentially parallel and, in particular, at a distance from the tilting axis of the tilting grate.
  • An actuating rod for example, preferably with a circular cross section, can be provided as the actuating element.
  • the actuating element protrudes beyond an edge of the grate surface at least on one side, in particular in the direction of the tilting axis of the tilting grate.
  • the tilting grate is tilted by more than 90°, for example by essentially 110°, when tilting from the furnace into the cleaning position.
  • a rotary shaft which is connected to a motor, is provided as the tilting axis of the tilting grate.
  • the rotary shaft can be turned in such a way that the tilting grate is tilted from the firing to the cleaning position (and vice versa).
  • the tilting axis of the tilting grate is arranged essentially centrally with respect to the grate surface.
  • the boiler can have a combustion chamber above the tilting grate, which is preferably surrounded by a fireclay lining.
  • a flame space which is surrounded by a heat exchanger for heating a medium, in particular water, preferably adjoins the combustion chamber.
  • the heat exchanger can also have a flue gas duct, preferably with two passes, in particular each with a plurality of tubes.
  • the boiler 1 shows a boiler, which will be referred to as "boiler 1" for short below.
  • the boiler 1 has a firing unit 2 for firing a solid fuel, such as wood pellets.
  • the firing unit 2 has a tilting grate 3 (cf. in detail Figures 4 to 11 ) with a grate surface 4, which is charged with solid fuel via a fuel supply 5, here with a screw.
  • the tipping grate 3 is free of thermal insulation below the grate surface 4.
  • a combustion chamber 6 is formed, which is surrounded by a fireclay lining 6A.
  • a combustion chamber 8 connects to the combustion chamber 6 on the upper side via an attachment 7 and is connected by a heat exchanger 9 for heating a medium, in particular water, is surrounded.
  • the flue gases flow from the combustion chamber 8, supported in particular by an induced draft fan, into the heat exchanger 9, which has a flue gas duct with two flues, each consisting of several pipes. Finally, the flue gases are withdrawn from the boiler 1 via a flue 10 .
  • the tipping grate 3 is between a firing position (cf. 4 ) and a cleaning position (cf. figure 5 ) can be tilted about a tilting axis 21 in order to transport combustion residues, such as ash and slag, from the grate surface 4 into an ash chamber 12 underneath.
  • the tilting grate 3 is tilted by more than 90° when transferring from the firing position to the cleaning position.
  • the tilting axis 21 of the tilting grate 3 runs essentially centrally between two narrow sides of the grate surface 4.
  • the tilting axis 21 is formed by a rotary shaft which is coupled to a motor (not shown).
  • the cleaned residues are disposed of from the ash chamber 12 via a conveyor 13, here a screw conveyor, into an ash box 14, which is emptied manually.
  • cleaning elements 15 are movably arranged on the tilting grate 3, with which a corresponding number of primary air openings 16 running along the grate surface 4 are cleaned.
  • the cleaning elements 15 on the tipping grate 3 are pushed out of the primary air openings 16 by tilting the tipping grate 3 into the cleaning position in order to clear the primary air openings 16 of deposits and thus ensure the primary air supply.
  • the cleaning elements 15 therefore penetrate the primary air openings 16 on the grate surface 4.
  • the cleaning elements 15 are mounted on a lateral edge area of the tilting grate 3 such that they can pivot about a pivot axis 15A. As a result, the cleaning elements 15 can be lowered from below the grate surface 4 Position are pivoted in a projecting position on the grate surface 4.
  • the primary air openings 16 are designed as primary air slits which run parallel to one another at intervals and which divide the grate surface 4 into individual grate surface sections.
  • Cleaning plates here cleaning plates, are provided as cleaning elements 15, which are arranged on edge (i.e. running perpendicular to the grate surface 4) on the tilting grate 3.
  • the primary air slots extend over more than half the length of the grate surface 4, in particular over more than three quarters of the length of the grate surface 4.
  • the cleaning plates extend essentially over the entire length of the primary air slots. The cleaning plates do not completely fill the primary air slots, but leave narrow air passages open on the long side and on the front sides.
  • the tilting of the tilting grate 3 also causes the cleaning elements 15 to pivot.
  • the actuating rod extends parallel to the tilting axis 21 of the tilting grate 3 and passes through holding openings in the cleaning elements 15 .
  • the actuating rod has individual spacer rings 17A between the cleaning elements 15.
  • the first stationary Stop 18 and the second stationary stop 19 are formed on a stationary stop plate 20 on which the tilting axis 21 of the tilting grate 3 is mounted.
  • two stop plates 20 are provided on opposite sides of the tilting grate 3, with the tilting axis 21 being mounted in round holes in the stop plates 20 in the form of the rotary shaft.
  • One end of the rotary shaft can be non-positively connected to the motor, for example via a hexagonal part.
  • the tipping grate 3 has a guide 22 , here a curved slot guide, for the actuating element 17 .
  • the guide 22 limits the movement of the actuating element 17 relative to the grate surface 4 when the tilting grate 3 is tilted to a defined first and second end position.
  • the following procedure for cleaning the tipping grate 3 can be carried out with the boiler 1: Tilting of the tilting grate 3 from the firing position into the cleaning position, cleaning elements 15 mounted on the tilting grate 3 that are movable, in particular pivotable, being guided out of the primary air openings 16 by the tilting of the tilting grate 3 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Baking, Grill, Roasting (AREA)
EP20202583.9A 2020-10-19 2020-10-19 Chaudière Pending EP3985307A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20202583.9A EP3985307A1 (fr) 2020-10-19 2020-10-19 Chaudière

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20202583.9A EP3985307A1 (fr) 2020-10-19 2020-10-19 Chaudière

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3985307A1 true EP3985307A1 (fr) 2022-04-20

Family

ID=72943977

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20202583.9A Pending EP3985307A1 (fr) 2020-10-19 2020-10-19 Chaudière

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3985307A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US36055A (en) * 1862-07-29 Improvement in stove-grates
US422472A (en) * 1890-03-04 Parlor-grate
US780888A (en) * 1904-06-06 1905-01-24 Frederick Y Jensen Grate.
AT503043B1 (de) 2006-04-26 2007-07-15 Haslmayr Johann Dipl Ing Kipprost für biomassekessel
EP2161498A1 (fr) * 2008-09-08 2010-03-10 Viessmann Werke GmbH & Co. KG Chaudière pour la combustion de combustibles solides

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US36055A (en) * 1862-07-29 Improvement in stove-grates
US422472A (en) * 1890-03-04 Parlor-grate
US780888A (en) * 1904-06-06 1905-01-24 Frederick Y Jensen Grate.
AT503043B1 (de) 2006-04-26 2007-07-15 Haslmayr Johann Dipl Ing Kipprost für biomassekessel
EP2161498A1 (fr) * 2008-09-08 2010-03-10 Viessmann Werke GmbH & Co. KG Chaudière pour la combustion de combustibles solides

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