EP3983770A1 - Sensoranordnung, verfahren zu seiner herstellung sowie verwendung der sensoranordnung - Google Patents
Sensoranordnung, verfahren zu seiner herstellung sowie verwendung der sensoranordnungInfo
- Publication number
- EP3983770A1 EP3983770A1 EP20728388.8A EP20728388A EP3983770A1 EP 3983770 A1 EP3983770 A1 EP 3983770A1 EP 20728388 A EP20728388 A EP 20728388A EP 3983770 A1 EP3983770 A1 EP 3983770A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- redox
- working electrode
- electrode
- matrix
- substrate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
- G01K7/16—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using resistive elements
- G01K7/26—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using resistive elements the element being an electrolyte
Definitions
- the invention relates to a sensor arrangement and to a method for its manufacture and to the use of the sensor arrangement.
- thermocouples Seebeck effect
- metal resistance thermometers silicon elements
- PTC thermistors NTC thermistors
- photodiodes photoconductors
- photoconductors temperature dependence of the forward voltage of the pn junction
- Pyroelectric detectors temperature radiation
- expansion and gas thermometers thermometers
- temperature measuring colors temperature measuring colors
- the measured data can be recorded, read out remotely (remote readout), display a quantitative readout, indicate time and position information, require a line of sight, have high or low accuracy and cover a large or small temperature range.
- temperature sensors are available in a very large number of designs. Many temperature sensors are based on the working principle of a thermistor. The resistance changes reproducibly with the temperature; two types: NTC & PTC are known here. The direct measurement of resistance is not suitable, which is why thermistors are built into advanced electrical bridge circuits.
- the temperature range of a thermistor is disadvantageously limited by the properties of the material and mostly shows a large non-linear dependence.
- thermometers So-called resistance thermometers (RTDs, English resistance temperature detectors) and thermocouples have a large temperature range, but only a small linear dependency. This leads to a poor resolution.
- thermocouple requires an accurate reference measurement.
- many of these thermometers are limited in their use and / or their field of application, since they are limited in their size and / or shape and are therefore not suitable for many applications.
- the object of the invention is to provide a new type of sensor arrangement. Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to provide a method for producing this sensor arrangement and its novel uses.
- a method for manufacturing the temperature sensor and uses of the temperature sensor are to be provided.
- the sensor arrangement according to the invention has the following features.
- a substrate at least one electrically contacted working electrode arranged on the substrate, an electrically contacted counter electrode arranged at a distance from the working electrode on the substrate, and a sponge-like matrix arranged on the working electrode and the counter electrode opposite the substrate, which exchange the working electrode and the counter electrode of molecules in the matrix, the sponge-like matrix having pores for this purpose that are filled with a liquid and the liquid comprises redox-active molecules that can freely diffuse between the working electrode and the counter electrode when a voltage or current is applied.
- the sponge-like matrix is also arranged between the electrodes on the substrate.
- a counter electrode that is larger than the working electrode is used.
- several small (micro) working electrodes are arranged, in particular about 2 to 64 working electrode (s). As the number increases, the absolute value of the measured current increases.
- the substrate preferably a flexible substrate, can have a thickness between 1 .mu.m to 10 mm or bulk material and z. B. made of polyethylene theraphthalate (PET).
- PET polyethylene theraphthalate
- the substrate is advantageously flexible and / or low-melting. This has the advantageous effect that it can be used in a large number of areas, since shape and size can be varied almost at will.
- All common polymers that are used in printed electronics can also be used as substrates. These include polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), and polyimide (PI). Paper coated with one of the aforementioned polymers is also possible.
- the melting point of the substrates should be at least 100 ° C, even better at 130 ° C or higher.
- a silicon wafer can also be selected as the substrate. This advantageously causes the sensor to operate at higher temperatures (> 130 ° C) can be used as long as the decomposition temperature of an ionic liquid in the matrix is not reached. Normally the decomposition temperature of an ionic liquid is around 200-300 ° C.
- At least one working electrode arranged in a punctiform manner is arranged on the substrate.
- the working electrode (s) can consist of a suitable, electrically contactable, highly conductive material.
- Precious metals are suitable, e.g. B. gold as the material of the working electrode.
- the working electrode is preferably contacted via a conductor track. This can also be made of a precious metal, e.g. B. consist of gold.
- the necessary redox processes take place by applying a voltage or a current via the contact or the conductor track.
- These electrode (s) are referred to below as the working electrode (s).
- the counter electrode is also arranged on the substrate.
- the counter electrode is also contacted, e.g. B. via a conductor track.
- the counter electrode is preferably also made of a highly conductive material, e.g. B. from a precious metal such as gold.
- the counter electrode is spatially spaced from the working electrode on the substrate.
- the working electrode (s) and the counter electrode are planar, that is, they are arranged in the same plane on the substrate.
- a voltage or a current is also applied to the counter electrode via the contact or the conductor track. This voltage on the counter electrode differs from the voltage applied to the working electrode. The voltage difference drives the cyclic redox reaction of the redox-active molecules on the working electrode and / or on the counter electrode.
- a porous or sponge-like matrix is arranged on the working electrode and the counter electrode on the side of the working electrode (s) and the counter electrode opposite the substrate.
- the pores in the sponge-like matrix are filled with a liquid, in particular with an ionic liquid.
- the working electrode (s) are in spatial contact with the counter electrode via the sponge-like matrix.
- the sponge-like matrix connects the working electrode (s) with the counter electrode.
- the sponge-like matrix is also arranged on the substrate between the working electrodes) and the counter electrode.
- the pores of the sponge-like matrix are filled with a liquid, in particular an ionic liquid, as mentioned.
- a liquid in particular an ionic liquid, as mentioned.
- the liquid or the ionic liquid contains the redox-active molecules.
- the sponge-like matrix itself is not electrically conductive.
- the (ionic) liquid in a passivated sensor arrangement or in a passivated sponge-like matrix has the advantageous effect that this sensor arrangement can be used as a temperature sensor with long-term stability without the temperature sensor showing a drift due to changes.
- the melting point and the decomposition temperature of the long-term stable (ionic) liquid in the sponge-like matrix determine the measuring range of the temperature sensor.
- ionic liquid is a liquid as it is defined in the online edition of Römpp 4.0. Liquids consisting exclusively of ions (cations and anions) are called ionic liquids. In principle, ionic liquids are molten salts with low melting points. In general, not only those salt compounds that are liquid at ambient temperature are included, but also all salt compounds that melt below 100 ° C. In contrast to conventional inorganic salts, in ionic liquids the delocalization of the charge reduces the lattice energy and symmetry, which can lead to solidification points down to below -80 ° C
- ionic liquids are advantageous: very low vapor pressure (non-volatility), thermal stability, non-flammable, electrical conductivity, electrochemical stability (towards oxidizing / reducing agents), high heat capacity, suitable for liquid-liquid phase separation (e.g. of a product), good dissolving properties, Especially for the redox-active molecules, wide range of variation in properties such as polarity, mixing behavior, viscosity (10-3000 mPas), density and melting point, large liquid areas, e.g. B. l-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoridoborate is liquid from -49 ° C to + 400 ° C.
- the advantage of using an ionic liquid is also the targeted design of certain parameters such as B. the melting point, the freezing point, the viscosity and other parameters when several of these liquids are used.
- the melting points of ionic liquids are by definition below 100 ° C, which means that they are liquid at room temperature.
- the melting point of an ionic liquid for the sensor arrangement results in the lower temperature limit of the sensor, since the diffusion of redox molecules in a solid phase comes to a standstill.
- the ionic liquids selected here are only shown as examples. These have a melting point of -18 ° C for 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium
- the decomposition temperature of an ionic liquid limits the temperature measurement with the sensor arrangement upwards. Most ionic liquids only decompose at 200 ° C or higher. At these temperatures, a used PET substrate would begin to melt and deformation would start at 130 ° C-150 ° C. A combination of an ionic liquid with a PET substrate is suitable for the sensor arrangement.
- the temperature range of the temperature sensor can thus be advantageously designed by choosing different ionic liquids, which is also the subject of the invention.
- Redox-active molecules or ions which are dissolved in the (ionic) liquid of the sponge-like matrix, are deposited on the working electrode (s) and the counter cyclically oxidized and reduced by the voltages applied to the electrodes. The current is measured.
- the redox-active molecules are either a) the ions of the (ionic) liquid itself. Then these ions of the (ionic) liquid themselves represent the redox-active molecules.
- Methylene blue as a redox-active molecule is also not really ionic. A reduction / oxidation of the heterocyclic ring takes place here. c) To cool a mixture of an ionic liquid and additional redox-active molecules.
- a mixture of an ionic liquid and redox-active molecules has the advantage that the ionic liquid itself is extremely stable and in it the redox-active molecules exert an exactly defined redox reaction at given voltages.
- the pores of the spongy matrix have a size so that the redox-active molecules or ions can diffuse in the liquid-filled pores of the matrix.
- the redox-active molecules or ions diffuse in the pores from the working electrode in the direction of the counter electrode and vice versa.
- pores of the sponge-like matrix are selected and arranged depending on the size of the redox-active molecules used.
- the redox reaction can be initiated as follows:
- a voltage is applied in the case of a redox-active molecule with positive normal potential, which is more positive than this, z. B. +1 V, and at the same time 0 V on the working electrode.
- the counter electrode becomes the anode, which is positively charged and thus oxidizes the redox molecules.
- the reduction of the redox-active molecules should take place at the same time on the working electrode (s), which then represents the cathode.
- a depletion layer is created on the respective electrode due to the oxidation or reduction and non-oxidized or non-reduced molecules have to diffuse from the bulk layer.
- the just oxidized or reduced molecules diffuse from the respective electrode in the direction of the bulk material, which, in formal terms, leads to a diffusion from the counter electrode to the working electrode and vice versa.
- redox-active molecules are methylene blue, ferrocene and derivatives thereof, hydroquinone and derivatives thereof, and hexacyanoferrate (II or III).
- the sponge-like matrix is formed from, in particular, monomer acrylates. This advantageously has the effect that the pore size of the sponge-like matrix can be set in a defined manner over a wide range by the parameters during the polymerization.
- Other substances such as B. Silicates (by polycondensation of silica), plastics in general (PE, PP, PVC etc.), but especially polystyrene, are possible.
- the use of carbon nanotubes, which contain the (ionic) liquid and the redox molecules, is also conceivable.
- the liquid in the pores comprises the redox-active molecules or ions.
- the voltages applied to the electrode (s) drive the cyclical, i.e. reversible, reduction and oxidation of the redox species at the electrode (s).
- the redox-active molecules or ions diffuse through the liquid in the pores and are then oxidized or reduced again at the electrodes.
- the current generated by the redox reaction is measured by the temperature sensor as a function of the temperature.
- the temperature sensor comprises the sensor arrangement according to the invention, measures the current as a function of the temperature or the viscosity and displays this advantageously.
- ferrocene and its derivatives As dissolved redox-active molecules, z. B. ferrocene and its derivatives, hydroquinone and its derivatives, methylene blue, hexacyanoferrate (II and III) are used.
- the liquid itself can go through oxidation and reduction processes and deliver a corresponding measurable current or voltage between the working electrode (s) and the counter electrode. This advantageously has the effect that there is no need for an additional redox-active molecule in the liquid.
- an ionic liquid is preferably arranged in the pores.
- Ionic liquids (IL) are particularly suitable as liquids. It can e.g. B. 1-butyl-l-methylpyrrolidinium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, or strong eutectic solvents (English deep eutectic solvent; DES) can be used.
- an ionic liquid can thus be replaced by a eutectic or by a eutectic solvent.
- eutectic solvents are created by mixing Lewis and Bronsted acids and bases, which first creates anionic and cationic species.
- organic salts usually a quaternary ammonium compound and a metal salt, a metal salt hydrate or a hydrogen bridge bond donor in certain molar ratios, compounds according to the invention can be obtained which have a much lower melting point than the pure substances.
- choline chloride quaternary ammonium compound, (2-hydroxyethyl) trimethylammonium chloride
- a hydrogen bond donor e.g. Urea or glycerine
- the melting point of pure choline chloride is over 300 ° C and that of urea is 133 ° C (A.P. Abbott, G.Capper, D.L. Davies, R.K. Rasheed,
- eutectic solvents for. B. a mixture of choline chloride and ethylene glycol (1: 2 or 1: 5 molar ratio or intermediate values) into consideration.
- the viscosity of a strongly eutectic solvent advantageously varies over a much wider range than that of an ionic liquid itself.
- a strongly eutectic solvent so that the viscosity is already closer to the desired values for printing during an inkjet printing process.
- the measurable temperature range of the temperature sensor can be selected and varied. Mixtures consisting of several ionic liquids can also be used.
- the sensor arrangement in its most general form, thus comprises the substrate, at least one working electrode which is arranged on the substrate and which can be electrically contacted by a contact, and an electrically contactable counter-electrode on the substrate which is arranged at a planar distance from the working electrode.
- the distance between the working and the counter electrode can be 1 pm to 500 pm.
- the sponge-like matrix is arranged opposite the substrate, which connects the working electrode and the counter electrode to one another for the exchange of redox-active molecules.
- the sponge-like matrix is also arranged on the substrate between the electrodes.
- the sponge-like matrix has pores which are filled with a liquid, the liquid containing the redox-active molecules which can diffuse from the working electrode to the counter-electrode and vice versa through the pores of the sponge-like matrix.
- the sensor arrangement consisting of working electrode (s), counter electrode and sponge-like matrix with ionic liquid and redox-active molecules or ions is passivated by a suitable layer.
- a passivation layer are parylene C, photoresists such as e.g. B. SU8 and other insulating materials.
- the passivation layer advantageously prevents harmful influences such as (air) moisture and the sensor arrangement is permanently passivated.
- a sensor array advantageously consists of a large number of (micro) electrodes as working electrode (s). This advantageously has the effect that the absolute value of the measured current is increased. About 2 to 64 or more working electrodes are advantageously arranged. As a rule, the dimensions of the working electrode are significantly smaller than the counter electrode. This has the advantageous effect that barrier layers, which prevent the diffusion of the redox-active molecules, can indeed occur on the working electrode. Due to the small size of the microelectrode (s), you don't get a planar depletion layer, but a hemispherical one.
- a method according to the invention for producing the sensor arrangement provides the following steps. a) A substrate is selected and at least one working electrode is arranged on it, b) a counter electrode is arranged on the substrate in a planar manner, i.e. in the same plane as the working electrode, with the working electrode and the counter electrode each being contacted by a contact, c) on the working electrode and on the counter electrode, a sponge-like matrix is arranged opposite the substrate, with pores which are filled with an (ionic) liquid, the liquid comprising redox-active molecules that are in the pores of the sponge-like matrix from the working electrode to Can diffuse against the electrode and vice versa.
- the cyclic oxidation or reduction of the redox-active molecules on the electrodes takes place when a different voltage is applied to the working electrode and the counter electrode via the contacts or conductor tracks.
- An electrically non-conductive substance is selected as the sponge-like matrix, also for the substrate.
- an ink which comprises the starting constituents of the sponge-like matrix and / or the (ionic) liquid and / or the redox-active molecules together.
- the ink is suitable for an ink jet printer and has a correspondingly low viscosity, that is to say the viscosity is 8-15, at most 21-22 centipoise, measured with a Brooksfield Cone / Plate Rheometer.
- the liquid to be examined is filled into a beaker of the measuring device so that the entire bottom is covered.
- the rotational movement of a spindle exerts a force on the surface of the liquid.
- the resistance of the liquid is measured and then converted into the shear force.
- the measuring device can then use the shear force to determine the viscosity.
- the ink is printed onto the electrodes and the substrate between the electrodes by means of an ink jet printer.
- the sponge-like matrix and its pores are made from the monomers, e.g. B. from acrylate monomers, which are components of the ink, formed.
- the working electrode (s), the counter electrode and the substrate between the electrodes are wetted with the ink. In this state, the sponge-like matrix is not yet formed.
- an ink can be printed which contains the monomers and a photoinitiator to initiate a UV-driven polymerization reaction to form the sponge-like matrix.
- the liquid for forming the spongy matrix can be arranged on the substrate and / or the electrodes not only by printing but also by spin coating or by drop casting. Other processes, such as lithography, are res conceivable and a person skilled in the art will select or carry out a suitable method for step c) of the method.
- UV matrix means that the liquid or ink arranged on the electrodes and the substrate forms the sponge-like matrix through UV radiation.
- the (ionic) liquid or ink can be a UV-sinterable photoinitiator, such as. B. 2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-propiophenone be attached.
- the sponge-like matrix can advantageously be produced by UV radiation, according to the general equation
- a metastable molecule e.g. B. dibenzoyl peroxide, 2,2'-azobis (isobutylnitirl) (abbr .: AIBN) or inorganic peroxides such as peroxodisulfates to be used.
- a metastable molecule e.g. B. dibenzoyl peroxide, 2,2'-azobis (isobutylnitirl) (abbr .: AIBN) or inorganic peroxides such as peroxodisulfates.
- the 0-0 bond can of the peroxide are split both photolytically and thermolytically, all other radical initiators mentioned are split thermolytically.
- the polymerization is initiated by changing the pH value.
- low-viscosity solvents such as propylene carbonate or gamma-nonalactone can be added to the liquid, in particular an ionic liquid, or these can also be part of the ink.
- An ink according to the invention for printing on the electrode (s) and / or the substrate in accordance with step c) of the production method then comprises in particular:
- One or more polymerizable monomers in particular acrylate monomers, to form a sponge-like matrix
- This ink is placed on the working electrode (s) and / or counter electrode and the substrate by an ink jet printing process.
- the viscosity of an ionic liquid is more critical because it is usually higher. But the viscosity of the ionic liquid is increased by adding monomers, the photoinitiative tor, the redexo mediator (if available) and the low-viscosity solvent advantageously lowered.
- the liquid is fixed to form the spongy matrix.
- a sintering process by increasing the temperature and / or in particular a UV polymerization reaction is advantageously carried out so that the sponge-like matrix can be formed by polymerization of the monomers in the ink.
- the electrode surfaces and the substrate between the two electrodes should be activated before the (ionic) liquid or ink is applied, e.g. B. by an oxygen or an argon plasma.
- At least partially printed sensor arrangements for temperature sensors are thus advantageously produced.
- Partially printed temperature sensors combine various advantages, such as, in particular, fast and inexpensive production and a large measuring range as well as a variable shape and size of the layers arranged.
- the sensor system can also be applied to a silicon wafer.
- an S1O2 substrate is selected for this purpose. This has the advantageous effect that the sensor arrangement can be used as a temperature sensor at significantly higher temperatures (above 130 ° C), since z. B. a PET substrate starts to deform at this temperature and would melt a little later.
- Both substrate classes are to be regarded as equivalent for different temperatures.
- step d) the substrate, the electrodes and the sponge-like matrix are passivated.
- Wireless communication can be enabled for the sensor arrangement by adding a digital output.
- the sensor arrangement is advantageously used as a temperature sensor. However, it can also be used for other physico-chemical parameters.
- the measuring principle of the developed sensor arrangement as a temperature sensor is based on a change in the viscosity of the (ionic) liquid when the temperature changes. An increase in the temperature of the liquid in the sponge-like matrix has a direct impact on the viscosity of the liquid, which is thereby reduced. By contrast, a decrease in temperature increases the viscosity of the liquid in the pores of the spongy matrix. In most cases, an exponential dependence of the two parameters can be observed.
- a change in viscosity thus leads to a change in the diffusion speed of the dissolved redox-active molecules or ions within the (ionic) liquid and thus to a measurable change in the current between the working electrode and the counter electrode.
- the change in the current is measured as a function of the temperature of the liquid, and thus of the temperature of the environment in which the measurements take place.
- the sensor arrangement advantageously has an ammeter or a voltmeter that measures the current or the voltage between the working electrode (s) and the counter electrode, which occurs when a voltage is applied to the working electrode and the counter electrode, which the redox-active molecules to the Forcing electrodes to undergo a reversible redox reaction.
- the Cottrell equation describes the time course of the current after a potential jump in chronoamperometry and relates the measured current to the diffusion constant:
- h viscosity of the liquid
- h material constant
- EA activation energy (also a kind of material constant)
- R universal gas constant
- T temperature
- the temperature sensor is equipped with appropriate software for this purpose, which performs the above-mentioned transformations and, from this, the calculation of the temperature from the current measured value obtained.
- a positive voltage is applied to the counter electrode that is more positive than the normal potential of the redox-active molecules and the working electrode is not energized, this drives the oxidation of the redox-active molecule into its oxidized form on the counter electrode. Then a positive voltage is applied to the working electrode (s), which is more positive than the normal potential of the redox-active molecules and the counter electrode is not applied with voltage. This drives the reduction of the redox-active molecule into its reduced form at the counter electrode.
- diffusion occurs with each of the two pulses.
- the oxidation or reduction at the respective electrodes creates a so-called depletion layer, which causes a concentration gradient, whereby diffusion occurs, every system tries to compensate for a gradient, here by diffusion. That is, the just oxidized molecules diffuse from the electrode surface in the direction of the bulk material and non-oxidized molecules diffuse in the direction of the electrode surface. This happens faster at a higher temperature than at a lower temperature, which is shown by an increase in the current when heating up or a decrease in the current when cooling down.
- the oxidation / reduction of a molecule is in the nanosecond range, while the measurement time in this case is 0.1 s. This means that the measurement time is significantly longer than the oxidation / reduction processes, which leads to pronounced diffusion phenomena.
- the counter-pulse reverses the previous processes, whereby the previously created depletion layers on the respective electrode are broken down again, but this is based on the (back) diffusion of the oxidized or reduced molecules from the Bulk layer. All this means that it theoretically happens that a molecule actually diffuses from the working to the counter electrode or vice versa, but that this does not necessarily have to happen.
- the reason for the counter pulse, in which the current is also not measured, is to make the sensor more durable and to make the measurements more reproducible, as you set almost the same state every time.
- a voltage pulse with a defined voltage and a defined period of time is applied to the working electrode.
- -1 V was applied to the working electrode for 0.1 s and the current was measured at the same time.
- a corresponding counter pulse of +1 V was then applied to the counter electrode. The current was not measured here. As a result, oxidation and reduction are reversible.
- the temperature of the liquid in the sensor arrangement is deduced from the change in the current.
- the amplitude of the oxidation peak and the reduction peak increases with increasing temperature and decreases with decreasing temperature.
- a low-melting substrate 1 made of polyethylene theraphthalate (PET) is selected. This ses has a thickness of 125 ⁇ m. It's flexible.
- a layer 2 of first 5 tun Ti and then 100 nm Au is arranged on this substrate 1. Both layers are vapor-deposited onto the substrate 1 in the clean room.
- This layer system of titanium and gold layer 2 is then structured by lithography or by laser ablation, see FIG. La.
- the working electrodes 2a-c and the counter-electrode 2d are formed.
- the remaining portion of the titanium and gold layer 2 in the figure lb left in the picture is irrelevant.
- the working electrode (s) 2a-c and the counter electrode 2d are each provided with a conductor track 6 as an electrical contact. In this way, voltage can be applied to the electrodes after the temperature sensor has been manufactured.
- Either the microelectrodes 2a-c are formed directly as working electrodes during structuring or these are produced in a further step by printing SU-8 ink 3 on the working electrode 2. That is, a large part of the gold layer 2 from the area from which the working electrode (s) are formed is passivated with the SU-8 ink 3 and it only small windows 2a-c remain, in which the gold is exposed on the surface, see Figure 1b.
- the layer system is for 5 min. sintered at 95 ° C, then irradiated with UV for 20 s and finally sintered again for 5 min at 95 ° C.
- This mixture contains all the components, i.e. the two ionic liquids, the acrylate monomers, the photoinitiator and the methylene blue
- the ink comprises an ionic liquid, acrylate monomers and photoinitiator, g-nonalactone and the redox molecule, here e.g. B. Methylene Blue.
- the ink is printed or applied by spin coating, drop casting or lithography.
- the ink for the ink jet printing method the following were specifically used: a. 1-butyl-l-methylpyrrolidinium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide as the first ionic liquid, l-hexl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate as the second ionic liquid, gamma-nonalactone as a low-viscosity solvent, 1,6-hexadiol acrylate as the first monomer, trimethylolproprylatanthoxylate as the second monomer and 2-hydroxy-methyl-propiophenone as the photoinitiator.
- 1-butyl-l-methylpyrrolidinium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide as the first ionic liquid
- l-hexl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate as the second ionic liquid
- gamma-nonalactone as a low-viscosity solvent
- the ionic liquid is irradiated with UV light for a few seconds. Different irradiation times will result in a more closely-meshed or even more wide-meshed structure of the polymer matrix, since either fewer or more radicals are initiated and the chain length can thereby be varied.
- the sponge-like matrix is thus formed from the ionic liquid or ink 4 (FIG. 1c).
- FIG. 2 includes its own reference symbols:
- UV irradiation turns photoinitiator 1 into two radicals 2a and 2b through homolytic bond cleavage, both of which attack a double bond of an acrylate unit of a monomer (3 or 5) in an initiation reaction and transfer the radical to the monomer. Chain growth then takes place in that the monomer radical again attacks another monomer or an already formed acrylate oligomer 4a, b, 5a-c. This creates a network of different long and branched polymer chains that connect through so-called termination reactions.
- the senor In order to evaporate the volatile components, the sensor is heated to 125 ° C for 30-60 minutes after the polymerization reaction.
- the passivation layer 5 which can consist of SU-8, parylene C or water-based passivations, is applied and this is sintered depending on the material (FIG. 1d).
- Reference number 6 shows the conductor tracks for connection to a measuring device.
- the sensor is either connected directly to the measuring device (not shown) via the conductor tracks 6, consisting of gold.
- a connector 7 is glued to silver glue, to which the cables 8a and b of the potentiostat / measuring device are clamped, see Figures le and f.
- FIG. 1g shows a cross section along the working electrode 2b, the section being made according to the dotted line in FIG. Further passivation layers 3 and 5 and the ionic liquid 4 complete the sensor arrangement.
- FIG. 1h shows the sponge-like matrix 88 after the polymerization reaction. It is shown that the sponge-like matrix 88 has pores 84 in which the ionic liquid is present.
- the ionic liquid has freely diffusible redox-active molecules 89. Depending on the viscosity and thus the temperature of the liquid, these diffuse from the working electrode to the counter electrode and can reversibly enter into a redox reaction.
- the temperature can be measured as a function of the current by means of voltammetric or amperometric measurements, see FIG. 3.
- the temperature is increased or decreased by 10 ° C every three minutes and always varied from -20 ° C to 60 ° C.
- the sensor arrangement according to the invention supplies reproducible values of the current as a function of the temperature. This enables it to be used as a temperature sensor.
- 1-ethylimidazolium nitrate is mixed with the acrylate monomers and the photoinitiator in the following ratio: 80 wt% 1-ethylimidazolium nitrate: 12.6 wt% 1,6-hexanediol acrylate: 6.7 wt% trimethylolpropane methoxylate triacrylate : 0.7 wt% 2-hydroxy-2-methylproiophenone.
- this mixture is applied to the sensor arrangement and the sponge-like matrix is formed by UV irradiation.
- a voltage of 0.5 V is applied, which leads to the reduction of the nitrate anion to NO x .
- This process cannot be reversed, but with the very short measurement times and the large number of molecules present in comparison, this guarantees a sufficiently long service life for the temperature sensor.
- NO x can escape as a gas, there are also no deposits on the cathode.
- the 1-ethylimidazolium nitrate has a melting point of about 10 ° C, the temperature was only measured from 10 ° C to 60 ° C in 10 ° C steps.
- the spongy matrix is also passivated in this case.
- ChCLEthGly (ChCLEthGly) mixed in a 1: 5 molar ratio and dissolved methylene blue (40 mM). Undissolved methylene blue was removed by filtration. The acrylate monomers and the photoinitiator were then mixed in.
- the composition thus consists of 80 wt% ChCLEthGly: 12.6 wt% 1,6-hexanediol acrylate: 6.7 wt% trimethylolpropane ethoxylate triacrylate: 0.7 wt% 2-hydroxy-2-methylproiophenone.
- This mixture is applied to the sensor arrangement as in exemplary embodiment 1 and the sponge-like matrix is formed by UV irradiation. After connecting to a measuring device, a voltage of 1 V is applied, which leads to reversible redox reactions.
- the temperature was varied from -20 ° C - 60 ° C in 10 ° C steps.
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102019004120.8A DE102019004120A1 (de) | 2019-06-13 | 2019-06-13 | Sensoranordnung, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung sowie Verwendung der Sensoranordnung |
| PCT/DE2020/000090 WO2020249146A1 (de) | 2019-06-13 | 2020-05-05 | Sensoranordnung, verfahren zu seiner herstellung sowie verwendung der sensoranordnung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3983770A1 true EP3983770A1 (de) | 2022-04-20 |
Family
ID=70856974
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20728388.8A Withdrawn EP3983770A1 (de) | 2019-06-13 | 2020-05-05 | Sensoranordnung, verfahren zu seiner herstellung sowie verwendung der sensoranordnung |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3983770A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102019004120A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2020249146A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63317095A (ja) * | 1987-06-19 | 1988-12-26 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | バイオセンサ |
| WO1999060391A1 (fr) * | 1998-05-20 | 1999-11-25 | Arkray, Inc. | Procede et appareil de mesures electrochimiques recourant a des methodes statistiques |
| DE19910444C2 (de) * | 1999-03-10 | 2001-01-25 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Temperaturfühler |
| US6451386B1 (en) * | 2000-08-30 | 2002-09-17 | Pti Advanced Filtration, Inc. | Modified polymer having improved properties and process for manufacturing same |
| US7201833B2 (en) * | 2001-06-04 | 2007-04-10 | Epocal Inc. | Integrated solid-phase hydrophilic matrix circuits and micro-arrays |
| JP4912140B2 (ja) * | 2006-12-26 | 2012-04-11 | 株式会社イノアックコーポレーション | 紫外線硬化発泡体 |
| JP2008256634A (ja) * | 2007-04-09 | 2008-10-23 | Uchihashi Estec Co Ltd | 感温センサ及び機器の保護方法 |
| US7997791B2 (en) * | 2007-07-24 | 2011-08-16 | Qimonda Ag | Temperature sensor, integrated circuit, memory module, and method of collecting temperature treatment data |
-
2019
- 2019-06-13 DE DE102019004120.8A patent/DE102019004120A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2020
- 2020-05-05 EP EP20728388.8A patent/EP3983770A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2020-05-05 WO PCT/DE2020/000090 patent/WO2020249146A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102019004120A1 (de) | 2020-12-17 |
| WO2020249146A1 (de) | 2020-12-17 |
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