EP3983554A1 - Procédé sélectif de préparation de sulfones par catalyse enzymatique - Google Patents
Procédé sélectif de préparation de sulfones par catalyse enzymatiqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP3983554A1 EP3983554A1 EP20743746.8A EP20743746A EP3983554A1 EP 3983554 A1 EP3983554 A1 EP 3983554A1 EP 20743746 A EP20743746 A EP 20743746A EP 3983554 A1 EP3983554 A1 EP 3983554A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- enzyme
- sulfide
- sulfone
- oxidation
- process according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 60
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title abstract description 32
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 15
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 52
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- QMMFVYPAHWMCMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl sulfide Chemical group CSC QMMFVYPAHWMCMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
- LJSQFQKUNVCTIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl sulfide Chemical compound CCSCC LJSQFQKUNVCTIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 108010058646 cyclohexanone oxygenase Proteins 0.000 claims description 33
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- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000009089 cytolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004520 electroporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003797 essential amino acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020776 essential amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013213 extrapolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002523 gelfiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012239 gene modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005017 genetic modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013617 genetically modified food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 101150032548 hapE gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000006801 homologous recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002744 homologous recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000411 inducer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012035 limiting reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001638 lipofection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006166 lysate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004962 mammalian cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005374 membrane filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940101270 nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad) Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BOPGDPNILDQYTO-NNYOXOHSSA-N nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide Chemical compound C1=CCC(C(=O)N)=CN1[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O2)N2C3=NC=NC(N)=C3N=C2)O)O1 BOPGDPNILDQYTO-NNYOXOHSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004108 pentose phosphate pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydrosulfide Chemical compound [Na+].[SH-] HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000527 sonication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004230 steam cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ISXOBTBCNRIIQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrothiophene 1-oxide Chemical compound O=S1CCCC1 ISXOBTBCNRIIQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N triton Chemical compound [3H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005199 ultracentrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 ultrafiltration Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000005253 yeast cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P17/00—Preparation of heterocyclic carbon compounds with only O, N, S, Se or Te as ring hetero atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/0004—Oxidoreductases (1.)
- C12N9/0006—Oxidoreductases (1.) acting on CH-OH groups as donors (1.1)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/0004—Oxidoreductases (1.)
- C12N9/0071—Oxidoreductases (1.) acting on paired donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (1.14)
- C12N9/0073—Oxidoreductases (1.) acting on paired donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (1.14) with NADH or NADPH as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen 1.14.13
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P11/00—Preparation of sulfur-containing organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y101/00—Oxidoreductases acting on the CH-OH group of donors (1.1)
- C12Y101/01—Oxidoreductases acting on the CH-OH group of donors (1.1) with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor (1.1.1)
- C12Y101/01002—Alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+) (1.1.1.2), i.e. aldehyde reductase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y114/00—Oxidoreductases acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (1.14)
- C12Y114/13—Oxidoreductases acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (1.14) with NADH or NADPH as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen (1.14.13)
- C12Y114/13022—Cyclohexanone monooxygenase (1.14.13.22)
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a selective process for the preparation of organic sulfones from organic sulfides by enzymatic catalysis, as well as a composition allowing in particular the implementation of this process, and its uses.
- Mercaptans are of great industrial interest and are now widely used by the chemical industries, in particular as raw materials for the synthesis of more complex organic molecules.
- methylmercaptan (CH 3 SH) is used as a raw material in the synthesis of methionine, an essential amino acid used in animal feed.
- Methylmercaptan is also used in the synthesis of dialkyl disulphides, in particular in the synthesis of dimethyl disulphide (DMDS), a sulphurization additive for hydrotreatment catalysts of petroleum fractions, among other applications.
- DMDS dimethyl disulphide
- mercaptans can also be done from halogenated derivatives and alkali, alkaline earth or ammonium hydrosulphides according to equation (3) (example given with a chlorinated derivative and a sodium hydrosulphide):
- dimethyl sulfide can be used as a food flavoring or as an anti-coking agent in the steam cracking of petroleum feedstocks.
- dimethyl sulfide can be used as a food flavoring or as an anti-coking agent in the steam cracking of petroleum feedstocks.
- the demand in these markets is much lower than the produced quantities of sulphides.
- Sulfides can also be converted to the corresponding mercaptans by the sulfhydrolysis reaction. Nevertheless, the conditions required to carry out this reaction are relatively severe and generate new side reactions. This industrial application is therefore limited.
- Another means of upgrading the sulphides produced relates to the oxidation reactions of sulphides in order to transform them into sulphoxides and / or sulphones.
- Such chemical oxidation reactions are well known. They involve different types of oxidants such as bleach (sodium hypochlorite), hydrogen peroxide, oxygen, ozone or nitrogen oxides such as N 2 O 4 in the presence of catalysts or no.
- sulfide oxidations can be catalyzed during so-called biological processes, by enzymatic catalysis in solution or in organisms, generally microorganisms.
- these oxidations carried out by enzymatic catalysis are not selective as to the products obtained either; here too a mixture of sulfoxides and sulfones is obtained from the corresponding sulfides.
- Bordewick et al. propose the use of Yarrowia monooxygenases A-H to catalyze sulfoxidation reactions of aromatic and asymmetric sulfides (S. Bordewick, Enzyme Microb. TechnoL, 2018, 109, 31-42.).
- S. Bordewick, Enzyme Microb. TechnoL, 2018, 109, 31-42. the use of genetic mutation techniques to obtain variants of the starting enzyme reduces the production of dimethyl sulfone by almost 95%.
- the present invention aims to meet all or part of the above needs.
- the present invention relates to a process, preferably selective, for preparing a sulfone comprising the following steps:
- composition M comprising:
- step d) optional separation and / or optional purification of the sulfone recovered in step c); wherein said sulfide is completely consumed during step b) of conducting the enzymatic reaction.
- the present inventors have discovered a selective process for the preparation of sulfones by enzymatic catalysis. Said process makes it possible to obtain sulfones from the corresponding sulfides, in particular without obtaining sulfoxides at the end of step b) (or in negligible quantity).
- the oxidation of sulphides by enzymatic catalysis normally takes place according to the following reaction sequence:
- the enzyme, possibly its cofactor (s), and the oxidant used are the same during the first step of forming the sulfoxide and during the second step of forming the sulfone.
- the enzyme, possibly its cofactor (s) and the oxidant used are the same during the first step of forming the sulfoxide and during the second step of forming the sulfone.
- the oxidant used are the same during the first step of forming the sulfoxide and during the second step of forming the sulfone.
- it is therefore possible to obtain both sulfoxides and sulfones which is not desirable as indicated above.
- the present inventors have discovered a process which makes it possible to selectively obtain sulfones, by reducing or even eliminating the by-products obtained and in particular the sulfoxides.
- the inventors have thus determined the means of obtaining sulfones without obtaining sulfoxides at the end of step b).
- the oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides is prioritized and exclusive over the oxidation of sulfoxides to sulfones.
- the reaction medium ie, for example in composition M as defined above
- the sulfoxides are formed selectively, without formation of sulfones.
- the sulfoxides are converted into sulfones when the reaction medium (ie for example composition M as defined above) no longer contains sulfides but only sulfoxides.
- (C1-C20) alkyl denotes saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, which may be linear or branched and comprise from 1 to 20 carbon atoms. Preferably, the alkyls comprise from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or even from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Mention may be made, for example, of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl or tert-butyl.
- branched is meant that an alkyl group is substituted on the main alkyl chain.
- (C2-C2o) alkenyl denotes an alkyl as defined above, comprising at least one carbon-carbon double bond.
- (C2-C20) alkynyl denotes an alkyl as defined above, comprising at least one carbon-carbon triple bond.
- (C 6 -Cio) aryl denotes monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, in particular phenyl and naphthyl.
- (C3-Cio) cycloalkyl denotes saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons comprising from 3 to 10 carbon atoms, monocyclic or bicyclic, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl.
- (C3-Cio) heterocycloalkane is meant a cycloalkane comprising from 3 to 10 carbon atoms and comprising at least one sulfur atom, preferably tetrahydrothiophene, and optionally at least one other heteroatom.
- (C4-C-io) heteroarene is meant an arene comprising between 4 and 10 carbon atoms and comprising at least one sulfur atom, for example thiophene, and optionally at least one other heteroatom.
- heteroatom is understood to mean in particular an atom chosen from O, N, S, Si, P and halogens.
- catalyst is generally understood to mean a substance which accelerates a reaction and which is found unchanged at the end of this reaction.
- said enzyme E catalyzes the oxidation reaction of sulfides to sulfones.
- catalytic amount is meant in particular an amount sufficient to catalyze a reaction, in particular to catalyze the oxidation of sulfides to sulfones. More particularly, a reagent used in a catalytic amount is used in a smaller amount, for example between about 0.01% and 20% by weight, relative to the amount by weight of a reagent used in a stoichiometric proportion.
- the selectivity of a reaction generally represents the number of moles of product formed, for example the number of moles of sulfone formed, relative to the number of moles of reagent consumed following the reaction, for example the number of moles of sulfide consumed.
- the term “selective process for preparing sulfones” is understood to mean in particular a process consuming sulfides and producing sulfones, without obtaining sulfoxides at the end of the process, preferably without obtaining sulfoxides at the end of step. b) (or with formation of a negligible amount of sulfoxides).
- the oxidation reaction of sulfides to sulfones is chemoselective.
- the process according to the invention, in particular step b) makes it possible to obtain a selectivity of between 95% and 100%, preferably between 99% and 100% for the sulfones.
- the process according to the invention can be a selective, or even chemoselective, process for preparing sulfones. Preferably, said process does not lead to the production of the corresponding sulfoxides.
- step b) and more particularly the enzymatic reaction for the oxidation of sulfides to sulfones carried out in step b) which is selective, preferably chemoselective.
- Step b) of carrying out the enzymatic reaction can in particular comprise the following two steps:
- total oxidation of the sulphide is understood to mean the fact that the sulphide is completely consumed during step b1).
- the sulfide is the limiting reagent (i.e. present in default) in composition M.
- the amount of sulfide remaining after step b) of carrying out the enzymatic reaction may be between 0% and 20% by weight, preferably between 0% and 5% by weight, for example between 0% and 1% by weight, and even more preferably between 0% and 0.01% by weight relative to the amount of starting sulphide by weight, that is to say from step a) .
- composition M comprises:
- sulphide is understood in particular to mean an organic sulphide, ie any organic compound comprising at least one function of -C-S-C- type.
- composition M comprises at least one sulphide. It can for example comprise one, two or more different sulphides. Said sulphide may be symmetrical, that is, the sulfur atom represents a center of symmetry with respect to the compound.
- said sulphide is of the following general formula: R1-S-R2 (I)
- Ri and R 2 may be the same or different and are chosen independently of one another from the group consisting of:
- R 1 and R 2 form a ring with the sulfur atom to which they are attached, preferably a (C 3 -Cio) heterocycloalkane or (C 4 -Cio) heteroarene group;
- alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycloalkane and heteroarene groups possibly being optionally substituted by one or more substituent (s); and said alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl and aryl groups possibly comprising one or more heteroatom (s).
- alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycloalkane and heteroarene groups may optionally be substituted by one or more substituent (s) chosen from the group consisting of:
- function (s) chosen, in a nonlimiting manner and by way of examples, from alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, acid, amide, nitrile, ester functions or else carrier functions of sulfur, phosphorus and silicon.
- said alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycloalkane and heteroarene groups may optionally be substituted with one or more substituent (s) chosen from the group consisting of: (Ci-C 2 o) alkyl, (C 3 - Cio) cycloalkyl, (C 6 -Cio) aryl, -OH, -C (0) 0H, -C (0) H, -C (0) -NH 2 , -NH 2 , -NHR, -NRR ', -C (O) -, -C (0) -NHR', -C (0) -NRR ', -COOR and -CN;
- substituent chosen from the group consisting of: (Ci-C 2 o) alkyl, (C 3 - Cio) cycloalkyl, (C 6 -Cio) aryl, -OH, -C
- R and R ' represent, independently of one another, a (C 1 - C 2 o) alkyl group.
- R 1 and R 2 can be identical or different and are chosen independently of one another from the group consisting of:
- R 1 and R 2 are chosen from (C 1 -C 2 o) alkyls or R 1 and R 2 together with the sulfur atom which carries them form a (C 3 -Cio) heterocycloalkane.
- the radicals R 1 and R 2 of said sulphide are preferably identical (ie thus forming a symmetrical sulphide).
- the sulfide is chosen from dimethylsulfide, diethylsulfide, dipropylsulfide, dibutylsulfide, dioctylsulfide, didodecylsulfide, and tetrahydrothiophene.
- Dimethylsulfide is particularly preferred according to the invention.
- the sulfide is symmetrical and is therefore not prochiral.
- the sulfide is not tert-butyl methyl sulfide (CAS Number 6163-64-0).
- oxidant any compound capable of oxidizing a sulfide to a sulfone.
- the oxidant can be selected from the group consisting of air, oxygen-depleted air, oxygen-enriched air, pure oxygen, and hydrogen peroxide.
- the oxidant is chosen from the group consisting of air, air depleted in oxygen, air enriched in oxygen and pure oxygen when the enzyme E is a mono - or a dioxygenase and hydrogen peroxide when the enzyme E is a peroxidase.
- the oxidant is in gaseous form, it is present in composition M as a dissolved gas.
- the percentage of oxygen in the enriched or depleted air is chosen according to the reaction rate and the compatibility with the enzyme system in a manner known to those skilled in the art.
- the oxidant may be in a stoichiometric amount or in excess in composition M.
- the sulphide present is completely consumed with the oxidant during the enzymatic reaction carried out in step b).
- the oxygen is generally transformed into water when the enzyme E used is a mono-oxygenase or completely consumed when the enzyme E is a dioxygenase.
- Hydrogen peroxide is transformed into water by the action of peroxidase.
- Said enzyme E can be an oxidoreductase, preferably an oxidoreductase chosen from the group consisting of monooxygenases, dioxygenases and peroxidases, even more preferably from monooxygenases.
- said enzyme E is a Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenase (BVMO).
- BVMO Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenase
- the enzyme E can be a Cyclohexanone Monooxygenase (CHMO), and more particularly a Cyclohexanone-1, 2-MonoOxygenase or a Cyclopentanone Monooxygenase (CPMO), and more particularly a cyclopentanone 1, 2-monooxygenase .
- CHMO Cyclohexanone Monooxygenase
- CPMO Cyclopentanone Monooxygenase
- cyclopentanone 1 2-monooxygenase
- Cyclohexanone-1, 2-Monooxygenases are in particular of class EC 1.14.13.22.
- the CHMO is a CHMO of Acinetobacter sp. (for example of strain NCIMB 9871) and / or a CHMO encoded by the chnB gene belonging to the cluster AB006902.
- Cyclopentanone 1, 2-Monooxygenase are in particular of class EC 1.14.13.16.
- the CPMO is a CPMO of Comamonas sp. (for example the strain NCIMB 9872) and / or a CHMO encoded by the cpnB gene.
- the monooxygenase can also be a hydroxyacetophenone monooxygenase (HAPMO) and more particularly a 4-hydroxyacetophenone monooxygenase.
- HAPMO hydroxyacetophenone monooxygenase
- I ⁇ ARMO is a HAPMO of Pseudomonas fluorescens. encoded by the hapE gene.
- cofactor C is understood to mean in particular a cofactor necessary for the catalytic activity of the enzyme E as defined above and / or for improving its catalytic activity.
- one, two or more cofactors C are present in composition M.
- oxidoreductase is a peroxidase
- Said at least one cofactor C can be chosen from nicotinic cofactors and flavinic cofactors.
- said at least one cofactor C can be chosen from the group consisting of: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), flavin mononucleotide (FMN), flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and / or their corresponding reduced form (namely NADH, H + NADPH, H +,
- the cofactors C listed above are advantageously used in their reduced forms (for example NADPH, H +) and / or their oxidized forms (for example NADP +), that is to say that they can be added in these reduced forms. and / or oxidized in the composition M.
- the enzyme E used is Cyclohexanone Monooxygenase, for example Cyclohexanone Monooxygenase from Acinetobacter sp.
- the cofactor C used is NADP, optionally supplemented with FAD.
- Composition M as defined above can also comprise at least one system for regenerating the cofactor (s) C.
- system for regenerating the co- C factor (s) means any reaction or sequence of chemical and / or enzymatic reaction (s) allowing the reduced C cofactor (s) to be transformed back into oxidized C cofactor (s) ( s) or vice versa.
- the regeneration systems can be known enzymatic redox systems with the use of a sacrificial substrate.
- Such systems involve the use of a second enzyme (called a recycling enzyme) which allows the used C cofactor (s) to be recycled using a sacrificial substrate.
- a recycling enzyme a second enzyme which allows the used C cofactor (s) to be recycled using a sacrificial substrate.
- the hydrogen donor compounds are very particularly preferred, and among these, the most suitable compounds are the reducing organic hydrogen donor compounds carrying hydrogen.
- hydroxyl function such as alcohols, polyols, sugars and others such as glucose or glycerol.
- the recycling system enzyme reduces the NADP + cofactor in the form of NADPH, H + by oxidizing the sacrificial substrate.
- Composition M according to the invention can also comprise:
- solvents chosen from water, buffers such as phosphate buffers, Tris-HCl, Tris-base, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium acetate, HEPES (4- (2-hydroxyethyl) -1 acid -piperazine ethane sulfonic), CHES (N-cyclohexyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), or salts such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride, or mixtures thereof;
- buffers such as phosphate buffers, Tris-HCl, Tris-base, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium acetate, HEPES (4- (2-hydroxyethyl) -1 acid -piperazine ethane sulfonic), CHES (N-cyclohexyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), or salts such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride, or mixtures thereof;
- additives such as surfactants, in particular in order to promote the solubility of one or more reagent (s) or substrate (s) of the enzymatic reaction.
- composition M is an aqueous solution.
- said composition M comprises between 50% and 99% by weight of water, preferably between 80% and 97% by weight of water relative to the total weight of composition M.
- composition M is considered to be the reaction mixture.
- the various components of composition M prepared in step a) above are easily accessible commercially or can be prepared according to techniques well known to those skilled in the art. These various elements can be in solid, liquid or gaseous form and can very advantageously be put into solution or dissolved in water or any other solvent in order to be used in the process of the invention.
- the enzymes used can also be grafted onto a support (case of supported enzymes).
- the enzyme E, optionally said at least one cofactor C, optionally said at least one regeneration system are:
- the ratio [sulphide] (in mmol / L) / [cells] (in g Cps .L 1 ) can be between 0.01 and 10, preferably between 0.01 and 3 mmol / g cs , preferably during l step b) of carrying out the enzymatic reaction.
- the determination of the mass concentration in grams of dry cells is carried out according to conventional techniques.
- Enzyme E may or may not be overexpressed in said cells, hereinafter referred to as host cells.
- the host cell can be any suitable host for the production of an E enzyme from the expression of the corresponding encoding gene. This gene can then be found either in the genome of the host or carried by an expression vector such as those defined below.
- the term “host cell” is understood in particular to mean a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell.
- Host cells commonly used for the expression of proteins, whether recombinant or not include in particular cells of bacteria such as Escherichia coli or Bacillus sp., Or Pseudomonas, yeast cells such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Pichia pastoris, cells of fungi such as Aspergillus niger, Penicillium funiculosum or Trichoderma reesei, insect cells such as Sf9 cells, or even mammalian cells (in particular human) such as the HEK 293, PER-C6 or CHO cell lines.
- Said host cells may be in the stationary or growth phase, for example removed from the culture medium.
- the enzyme E and its optional at least one cofactor C are expressed in the bacterium Escherichia coli.
- the CHMO is expressed inside a strain of Escherichia coli such as, for example, Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3).
- I ⁇ ARMO is expressed inside a strain of Escherichia coli such as, for example, Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3).
- the cellular machinery which regenerates the cofactor (s) C used (s).
- the cofactor C is NADP.
- the cofactor C1 is NADP, optionally with the cofactor C2 FAD.
- the NADPH, H + cofactor is oxidized to NADP + , which will be regenerated by the cell and / or the regeneration system put in place.
- the medium is supplemented with glycerol
- enzymes naturally present in E. coli in particular the enzyme glycerol dehydrogenase
- the enzymes of the pentose phosphate pathway in particular the enzymes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and / or acid-6-phosphogluconic dehydrogenase, naturally present in E. coli, will participate in the regeneration of the reduced cofactor C1.
- biocatalyst is used to refer to the host cell comprising the enzyme E, optionally at least one cofactor C and optionally a system for regenerating the cofactor (s) C.
- the enzyme E and / or the biocatalyst as defined above can be obtained according to various techniques known to those skilled in the art.
- the transformation of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is a technique well known to those skilled in the art, for example by lipofection, electroporation, heat shock, or by chemical methods.
- the expression vector and the method of introducing the expression vector into the host cell are selected depending on the host cell chosen.
- a transformed cell expressing a gene encoding a recombinant enzyme E is obtained. It can be cultivated, in a culture / incubation step, to produce the enzyme E.
- the incubation / culture of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is a technique well known to those skilled in the art who can determine, for example, the culture medium or also the time and temperature conditions.
- an induction period - corresponding to an increased production of the enzyme E - can be observed.
- the use of a weak inducer such as for example arabinose for the vector pBad
- strong such as for example isopropyl bDl -thiogalactoside (IPTG) for the vectors pET22b, pRSF, etc.
- IPTG isopropyl bDl -thiogalactoside
- the SDS-PAGE electrophoresis technique or the Western blot technique can be used.
- expression vector is understood to mean a DNA molecule of reduced size into which it is possible to insert a nucleotide sequence of interest. It is possible to choose between several known expression vectors such as plasmids, cosmids, phages, etc. The vector is chosen in particular as a function of the cellular host used.
- the nucleotide sequence encoding the enzyme E can be integrated into the genome of the host cell by any known method such as for example homologous recombination or the CRISPR-Cas9 system, etc.
- the SDS-PAGE electrophoresis technique or the Western blot technique can be used.
- Isolation and / or purification of the enzyme E for use in isolated and / or purified form After transformation and cultivation / incubation of the transformed host cell, a step of isolation and optionally of purification of the enzyme E can be carried out. In this way, the method according to the invention is not carried out in the presence of the host cells but by the enzyme E in solution in composition M, preferably in aqueous solution.
- the isolation and / or purification of said enzyme E produced can be carried out by any means known to those skilled in the art. It may for example be a technique chosen from electrophoresis, molecular sieving, ultracentrifugation, differential precipitation, for example with ammonium sulphate, ultrafiltration, membrane or gel filtration, exchange of ions, separation by hydrophobic interactions, or affinity chromatography, for example of IMAC type.
- the cell lysate can be obtained according to various known techniques such as sonication, pressure (French press), via the use of chemical agents (eg triton), etc.
- the lysate obtained corresponds to a crude extract of cells crushed.
- step a) the addition of the different components of composition M can be done in any order.
- the preparation of composition M can be done by simple mixing of the various components.
- the method according to the invention comprises a step b '), between step b) and step c), stopping the enzymatic reaction by inactivation of the biocatalyst and / or of the enzyme.
- This step b ') can be carried out by known means such as thermal shock (for example with a temperature of about 100 ° C) or osmotic, application a high pressure, the addition of a solvent allowing either to destroy and / or precipitate the cells and / or the enzymes E, the modification of the pH (either a low pH of about 2, or a high pH of 'around 10).
- the sulfide can be introduced into composition M at a rate lower than the reaction rate of the enzymatic reaction according to step b).
- step b) of carrying out the enzymatic reaction is carried out at a pH of between 4 and 10, preferably between 6 and 8 and even more preferably between 7 and 8, for example 7.
- step b) of carrying out the enzymatic reaction is carried out at a temperature between 5 ° C and 100 ° C, preferably between 20 ° C and 80 ° C and even more preferably between 25 ° C. and 40 ° C.
- the pressure used for said enzymatic reaction can range from reduced pressure relative to atmospheric pressure to several bars (several hundred kPa), depending on the reagents used and the equipment used.
- the sulfone in step c), can be recovered in liquid or solid form.
- the sulfone can be recovered in aqueous solution, or in liquid form by decantation, or even in solid form by precipitation depending on its solubility.
- the purification methods depend on the characteristics of the sulfone considered.
- distillation can allow the sulfone to be separated.
- This distillation can be done at atmospheric pressure, reduced pressure (vacuum), or under higher pressure if a person skilled in the art sees an interest in it.
- a membrane separation can also be envisaged to reduce the water content of the mixture to be distilled or to accelerate a crystallization process. If the sulfone has been recovered by decanting an aqueous reaction medium, drying over a molecular sieve (or any other drying method) may be considered.
- Said process can be carried out in batch or continuously.
- the method according to the invention can include the following steps:
- composition comprising:
- composition M as defined above by adding said sulphide, preferably by injection, into the composition obtained in step a-1);
- the method may contain the following steps:
- composition comprising:
- composition M as defined above by adding said oxidant, in the composition obtained in step a-1);
- step c) optional separation and / or optional purification of the sulfone recovered in step c).
- the present invention also relates to composition M as defined above.
- composition M as such and for its uses, are as defined for the above process.
- composition M comprising:
- an oxidoreductase enzyme as defined above, preferably a Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenase (BVMO), more preferably a CycloHexanone Monooxygenase (CHMO), catalyzing the oxidation of said symmetrical sulphide to symmetrical sulphone;
- BVMO Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenase
- CHMO CycloHexanone Monooxygenase
- composition M comprising:
- R1 and R2 are identical and as defined above;
- an oxidoreductase enzyme as defined above, preferably a Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenase (BVMO), more preferably a CycloHexanone Monooxygenase (CHMO), catalyzing the oxidation of said sulfide (I) to sulfone of general formula (II) below:
- BVMO Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenase
- CHMO CycloHexanone Monooxygenase
- the sulfide is chosen from dimethylsulfide, diethylsulfide, dipropylsulfide, dibutylsulfide, dioctylsulfide, didodecylsulfide, and tetrahydrothiophene.
- a very particularly preferred sulfide is dimethylsulfide.
- said composition corresponds to composition M as defined above, for the implementation of the process as defined above.
- the present invention also relates to the use of an oxidoreductase enzyme, preferably a Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenase (BVMO), more preferably a CycloHexanone Monooxygenase (CHMO) as defined above for the oxidation of a sulphide symmetrical in corresponding symmetrical sulfone.
- an oxidoreductase enzyme preferably a Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenase (BVMO), more preferably a CycloHexanone Monooxygenase (CHMO) as defined above for the oxidation of a sulphide symmetrical in corresponding symmetrical sulfone.
- BVMO Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenase
- CHMO CycloHexanone Monooxygenase
- the sulfide is of general formula R1-S-R2 (I) and is converted into a sulfone of general formula RI-S (0) 2-
- Figure 1 represents the concentration (in mM) of diethylsulfide (DES), diethylsulfoxide (DESO) and diethylsulfone (DESO2) present in the reaction medium as a function of time (in hours), when the reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme CHMO .
- Example 1 Selective synthesis of diethylsulfoxide from diethylsulfide according to the invention
- said strain contains both CHMO, the cofactors of CHMO which are NADP and FAD, and its regenerative system.
- IPTG isopropyl bDl -thiogalactoside
- a certain volume of the culture is centrifuged (10 min, 5000 g, 4 ° C) in order to obtain the desired amount of cells.
- a pellet of 300 UDO of fresh cells is then resuspended in 32 ml of a 0.1 mol / L phosphate buffer at pH 7 supplemented with 5 g / L of glycerol.
- the cell concentration then obtained is 9.4 UDO / mL or even 3 gcps / L (with CPS: cells by dry weight).
- DES diethyl sulfide
- the reaction medium are taken and diluted in 1450 ⁇ L of an acetonitrile solution containing 25 mg / L of undecane (internal standard). After centrifugation (5 min, 12,500 g), the supernatant is injected by GC (gas chromatography) in order to quantitatively measure the diethylsulfoxide (DESO) and the diethylsulfone (DESO2) formed during the reaction. Under the conditions of the analysis carried out, the minimum concentration that can be measured is 30 pM.
- the analyzes show a change in chemoselectivity at 2.5 h of reaction. Before this point, a linear increase in the amount of DESO is measured without the sulfone being detected. The sulphide oxidation rate on this part is then 4 mmol of DES oxidized per liter of medium and per hour.
- the selectivity obtained is approximately 100%.
- the ⁇ qboo is measured at 8.4 UDO / mL and a volume of 102 mL is taken in order to obtain after centrifugation (10 min, 5000 g, 4 ° C) a pellet containing 860 UDO of fresh cells. This pellet is then resuspended in 32 mL of 0.1 mol / L pH 7 phosphate buffer supplemented with 0.5 g / L of glycerol. A cell concentration of 27 UDO / mL (or approximately 9 gcps / L) is then obtained.
- a concentration of diethylsulfoxide (DESO) of 1 1, 3 mmol / L is measured in the reaction medium.
- DES in ethanolic solution is added: a DES concentration of 10.4 mmol / L is then measured.
- the reaction is monitored by carrying out the two samples described in Example 1.
- the analyzes show that between 0 and 2 hours of reaction, only DESO2 is produced from the DESO added initially (a concentration of 7.7 mmol / L is then obtained).
- the DESO2 concentration does not vary until at least 4.5h while at the same time DESO is produced (10.4 mmol / L is produced).
- the DESO2 is present (the DESO having been totally oxidized).
- DESO2 the formation of the sulfone
- This example shows that the oxidation of sulfide to sulfoxide is not only a priority but exclusive over the oxidation reaction of sulfoxide to sulfone.
- the biocatalyst (CHMO) is identical to that of Example 1 and is produced under the conditions described in said Example 1.
- Example 1 The bioconversion conditions presented in Example 1 are identical to those used for this example, unlike the sulphide used.
- an ethanolic solution of DMS is used to obtain an initial sulphide concentration of 4.5 mM.
- the biocatalyst used leads to the same oxidation characteristics. Namely, a chemoselective oxidation of DMS as long as the latter is present in the medium (no dimethylsulfone detected) then an oxidation of the sulfoxide occurs when the DMS is no longer detected in the medium.
- Example 4 Enzymatic oxidation of methyl ethyl sulfide (MES)
- the biocatalyst (CHMO) is identical to that of example 1 and is produced according to the conditions described in said example 1. II. Bioconversion
- Example 1 The bioconversion conditions presented in Example 1 are identical to those used for this example, unlike the sulphide used.
- an ethanolic solution of MES is used to obtain an initial sulphide concentration of 4.5 mM.
- the biocatalyst used leads to the same oxidation characteristics. Namely, chemoselective oxidation of MES as long as it is present in the medium (no methyl ethyl sulfone detected) then oxidation of methyl ethyl sulfoxide occurs from the moment when MES is no longer detected in the medium.
- the biocatalyst (CHMO) is identical to that of Example 1 and is produced under the conditions described in said Example 1.
- Example 1 The bioconversion conditions presented in Example 1 are identical to those used for this example, unlike the sulphide used.
- an ethanolic solution of THT is used to obtain an initial sulphide concentration of 4.5 mM.
- the biocatalyst used leads to the same oxidation characteristics. Namely, a chemoselective oxidation of THT as long as the latter is present in the medium (no sulfolane detected, which is the corresponding sulfone) then an oxidation of tetrahydrothiophene-1 -oxide occurs from the moment when the THT is not no longer detected in the middle.
- an oxidation rate of the same order of magnitude (with respect to the other sulphides) was obtained over the first reaction times: 3.4 mmol of THT are oxidized per liter of medium and per hour.
- the rate of formation of the sulfone is 1.5 mmol / L / h.
- Example 6 Enzymatic oxidation of a mixture of sulfides according to the invention
- the ⁇ qboo is measured at 8.4 UDO / mL and a volume of 31 mL is taken in order to obtain, after centrifugation (10 min, 5000 g, 4 ° C) a pellet containing 300 UDO of fresh cells. This pellet is then resuspended in 32 mL of 0.1 mol / L pH 7 phosphate buffer supplemented with 0.5 g / L of glycerol. A cell concentration of 9.4 UDO / mL (or approximately 3 gcps / L) is then obtained.
- a 250 mL flask containing 32 mL of the medium described above 75 ⁇ L of ethanolic solutions of diethylsulfide (DES), dimethylsulfide (DMS) and tetrahydrothiophene (THT) each at 3.64 M are introduced at the same time: c ' is the start of the reaction.
- DES diethylsulfide
- DMS dimethylsulfide
- TTT tetrahydrothiophene
- the reaction is monitored by carrying out the same sampling described in Example 1.
- the analyzes show that during a first period, the sulphides of the mixture are oxidized to sulphoxides without the sulphones being detected.
- the oxidation rate of DES is greater than that of the other two sulphides present (DMS and THT) which both have the same oxidation rate (see Table 1 below).
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Abstract
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FR1906489A FR3097235B1 (fr) | 2019-06-17 | 2019-06-17 | Procede selectif de preparation de sulfones par catalyse enzymatique |
FR2002306A FR3097233A1 (fr) | 2019-06-17 | 2020-03-09 | Procede selectif de preparation de sulfones par catalyse enzymatique |
PCT/FR2020/051014 WO2020254745A1 (fr) | 2019-06-17 | 2020-06-12 | Procédé sélectif de préparation de sulfones par catalyse enzymatique |
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