EP3981076A1 - Analog-digital-wandler - Google Patents
Analog-digital-wandlerInfo
- Publication number
- EP3981076A1 EP3981076A1 EP20714188.8A EP20714188A EP3981076A1 EP 3981076 A1 EP3981076 A1 EP 3981076A1 EP 20714188 A EP20714188 A EP 20714188A EP 3981076 A1 EP3981076 A1 EP 3981076A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- vref
- reference signal
- correction
- adc
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M1/00—Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion
- H03M1/06—Continuously compensating for, or preventing, undesired influence of physical parameters
- H03M1/0617—Continuously compensating for, or preventing, undesired influence of physical parameters characterised by the use of methods or means not specific to a particular type of detrimental influence
- H03M1/0675—Continuously compensating for, or preventing, undesired influence of physical parameters characterised by the use of methods or means not specific to a particular type of detrimental influence using redundancy
- H03M1/0697—Continuously compensating for, or preventing, undesired influence of physical parameters characterised by the use of methods or means not specific to a particular type of detrimental influence using redundancy in time, e.g. using additional comparison cycles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M1/00—Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion
- H03M1/06—Continuously compensating for, or preventing, undesired influence of physical parameters
- H03M1/08—Continuously compensating for, or preventing, undesired influence of physical parameters of noise
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M1/00—Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion
- H03M1/10—Calibration or testing
- H03M1/1009—Calibration
- H03M1/1014—Calibration at one point of the transfer characteristic, i.e. by adjusting a single reference value, e.g. bias or gain error
- H03M1/1019—Calibration at one point of the transfer characteristic, i.e. by adjusting a single reference value, e.g. bias or gain error by storing a corrected or correction value in a digital look-up table
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M1/00—Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion
- H03M1/10—Calibration or testing
- H03M1/1009—Calibration
- H03M1/1014—Calibration at one point of the transfer characteristic, i.e. by adjusting a single reference value, e.g. bias or gain error
- H03M1/1023—Offset correction
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M1/00—Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion
- H03M1/10—Calibration or testing
- H03M1/1009—Calibration
- H03M1/1033—Calibration over the full range of the converter, e.g. for correcting differential non-linearity
- H03M1/1038—Calibration over the full range of the converter, e.g. for correcting differential non-linearity by storing corrected or correction values in one or more digital look-up tables
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M1/00—Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion
- H03M1/12—Analogue/digital converters
- H03M1/48—Servo-type converters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a method for converting analog signals into digital data and, in particular, to a modified ADC.
- ADC analog-to-digital converter
- Analog-to-digital converters translate analog electrical signals into digital information and thus represent a central functionality for every type of modern signal processing.
- an almost exclusively digital implementation is desirable that has the disadvantages of Avoid oversampling converters (e.g. sigma-delta converters) with their very high clock rates in relation to the signal bandwidth and high latency.
- Avoid oversampling converters e.g. sigma-delta converters
- Existing robust converter topologies e.g. tracking ADCs
- with their relatively large analog component in terms of transistor sizes are on the one hand increasingly unsuitable for implementation in modern CMOS processes and on the other hand only have moderate sampling rates and low resolutions.
- Fig. Li shows a conventional tracking ADC for converting an analog input signal Vin into a digital output signal.
- the ADC comprises: a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) 510 for generating a reference signal Vref, which changes in steps with a clock t 2 + t 3 , and a comparator 520 for comparing the analog input signal Vin with the reference signal Vref.
- the comparator 520 generates a two-stage output signal depending on whether the difference between the input signals is positive or negative.
- the ADC also includes a counter 530 (up / down counter) which counts up or down as long as the two-stage output signal of the comparator 520 remains in one of the two stages (HIGH / LOW level). The result is provided as a digital output signal.
- the up counting / down counting thus results in tracking of the analog input signal Vin.
- the conventional ADC shown has, for example, higher conversion rates than a digital step ADC (Digital Stairstep ADC) and a SAR ADC (Successive Approximation Register ADC), since the reference signal Vref provided by the DAC 510 does not have to be reset .
- the DAC 510 is controlled by the up / down counter 530.
- the counter 530 is operated continuously by means of a clock signal CLK.
- the value of the counter 530 is increased until the reference signal Vref of the DAC 510 exceeds the analog input signal Vin and the output signal of the comparator 520 indicates a logical “high” level. This signal switches the counting direction of the counter 530 and reduces the counter value in the following clock cycle until the reference signal Vref generated by the DAC 510 falls below the input signal Vin.
- the tracking ADC generates a digital output value for each clock signal, the maximum clock frequency being limited by the switching time of the counter 530 t 2 , the conversion time of the DAC 510 t 3 and the settling time of the comparator 520 xc MP or i.
- the present invention relates to an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for converting an analog input signal into a digital output signal.
- ADC comprises: a device for generating a reference signal which changes stepwise with a clock, a comparator which is designed to compare the analog input signal with the reference signal and to provide a two-stage output signal with a delay clock, and a counter, which is designed to count up or down as long as the two-stage output signal remains in one of the two stages.
- the ADC also comprises a correction unit, which is designed to determine correction values in order to effect at least one of the following: (i) a
- the correction unit further comprises an output correction unit, which is designed to correct the digital output signal based on the correction values.
- the correction unit includes a correction register unit for determining the offset.
- the counter optionally includes an offset input that receives the determined offset from the correction register unit so that an output signal change from the comparator can be achieved with fewer counting steps of the counter and / or a sampling rate can be synchronized to a minimal delay time of the comparator.
- the correction unit is designed to determine the correction values with the aid of a predetermined pilot signal during a calibration, the pilot signal in particular representing a constant analog input signal and the correction values being determined in such a way that the reference signal is symmetrical about the constant analog input signal.
- the reference signal can be formed in a triangular or sawtooth shape (stepped) symmetrically around the input signal.
- the correction unit is designed to provide an enable signal after completion of the calibration in order to enable the comparator to be enabled for comparing the analog input signal with the reference signal.
- the device for generating the reference signal includes a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) which is designed to generate the reference signal based on output count values of the counter in such a way that it increases or decreases in steps according to the output count values.
- DAC digital-to-analog converter
- the device for generating the reference signal is optionally designed to change a reference value for the bit with the least significant value. This makes it possible to advantageously adapt the step height of the reference signal.
- This method or at least parts thereof can also be implemented or stored in the form of instructions in software or on a computer program product, with stored instructions being able to carry out the steps according to the method when the method is running on a processor.
- the present invention therefore also relates to computer program products with software code (software instructions) stored thereon which is designed to carry out one of the methods described above when the software code is executed by a processing unit.
- the processing unit can be any form of computer or control unit that has a corresponding microprocessor that can execute software code.
- Embodiments solve at least part of the above-mentioned problem by comparing two analog signals and using the advantages of digital circuit technology (very fast switching times, possibility of implementing complex algorithms; digital assistance / calibration) in order to convert the remaining analog circuit block (DAC - Comparator combination) to be able to use optimally under all production and environmental conditions as well as under universal use of technology.
- exemplary embodiments for the (tracking) ADCs are the possible rapid tracking of analog input signal changes, since increasing the counter by one LSB (counting step) is no longer absolutely necessary (as with other tracking algorithms) and takes place at a significantly higher clock frequency can. In addition, the conversion rate increases effectively (after digital post-processing of the counter value).
- embodiments can now also be used economically for implementation in the most modern technologies (due to the small silicon chip area and moderate requirements for analog and digital tests).
- Fig. L shows an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a possible signal behavior over time of the comparator oversampling with and without jump generation, which is used according to exemplary embodiments.
- Fig. 3 shows an example of an operating sequence in the form of a sequence diagram of the AD C with digital correction unit.
- Fig. 4 shows a comparison of the conversion scheme of a conventional one
- FIG. 6 shows a comparison of the conversion scheme of an ADC according to an exemplary embodiment at 1 LSB and at 0.5 LSB.
- FIG. 7 shows a comparison of the statistical information density and a comparison of the signal noise / distortion ratio of an ADC according to one embodiment with a conventional ADC.
- Fig. 8 shows a further comparison for the signal noise / distortion
- Fig. 10 shows a flowchart for a method for converting an analog input signal into a digital output signal in accordance with further exemplary embodiments.
- Fig. 11 shows a conventional tracking ADC
- ADC analog-to-digital converter
- the ADC comprises a generating device lio for an (analog) reference signal Vref, which changes stepwise with a clock (t 2 + t 3 ).
- the ADC further comprises a comparator 120, which is designed to compare the analog input signal Vin with the reference signal Vref with a delay clock t 2 + t 3 and to provide a two-stage output signal 125.
- the output signal includes, for example, two level values which indicate whether, for example, a voltage value of the reference signal Vref is greater or less than a voltage value of the analog input signal Vin.
- the ADC comprises a counter 130 which is designed to count up or down as long as the two-stage output signal 125 remains in one of the two stages (the level value does not change).
- the ADC comprises a correction unit 140 which is designed to provide correction values in order, for example, to generate an offset in the generated reference signal Vref.
- the offset can be used, for example, to synchronize a sampling rate to a minimum delay time of the comparator 120 can be achieved.
- the offset can cause a shift in the reference signal Vref, so that a symmetrical arrangement for a constant pilot signal is possible.
- exemplary embodiments include a correction unit 140 and a counting unit 130 which is expanded with a load or offset input 132 and which in turn is clocked with a clock signal CLK.
- the load input 132 is used to initiate jumps that are triggered by the correction unit 140.
- the generating device 110 can again comprise a DAC (digital-to-analog converter), as is used in the conventional ADC.
- the correction unit 140 comprises, for example, a correction register unit 141 and an output correction unit 142.
- the correction values e.g. by the correction register unit 141, determined and provided, whereby analog and digital reference levels (e.g. DC values; DC voltage / DC current values) can be used for the calibration.
- analog and digital reference levels e.g. DC values; DC voltage / DC current values
- the correction values should be used in order to carry out a continuous correction of the recorded count values with the aid of the output correction unit 142.
- the modified tracking ADC according to the exemplary embodiments from FIG. 1 comprises the comparator 120 and the DAC 110 as analog core components.
- the classic up / down counter 530 (see FIG. 11) is - as mentioned - through a load input 132 (“Load ”) Expanded.
- the correction register unit 141 determines the correction values and provides the jump size for the reference signal Vref of the DAC 110. With the aid of the correction values, the output correction unit corrects the binary output signal of the counter 130 with regard to the level and the timing.
- FIG. 2 illustrates exemplary embodiments for a temporal signal behavior of a comparator oversampling without jump generation (above) and with jump generation 210 (below).
- the oscillation of the reference signal Vref around the analog input signal Vin and the comparator output signal 125 (CMP_out) with a duration x can be seen.
- the time period X can be significantly shortened.
- the physical properties of the comparator limit possible reference signals.
- Embodiments use these limiting properties of the comparator 120 by using a reference signal Vref whose update rate is significantly higher than the update rate of the comparator 120, so that oversampling takes place.
- the comparator 120 always provides an output signal (e.g. a level change) when the reference Vref moves within the delay time X of the comparator 120. A multiple of the update rate is required.
- the information density can also be increased by reducing the LSB of the generated reference signal Vref. This increases the resolution (compared to that of the conventional tracking ADC). This allows the step height to be changed, so that this also enables a greater increase in the analog input signal Vin.
- Embodiments also overcome the disadvantage of conventional tracking ADCs, known as bit bobble, which results in an unstable, constantly varying digital output (the output signal jumps back and forth every time). With a higher number of reference steps within the sampling interval i of the ADC, it is possible to eliminate this bit bobble. This can also be done with the help of calibration, i.e. can be achieved by comparing the output signal from with the pilot signal and subsequent correction. Embodiments eliminate this bit bobble so that output values can be obtained for both the rising and the falling reference edge.
- the update rate of the comparator 120 can also be fully utilized in embodiments. Rising and falling signals can be sampled at twice the sampling rate.
- the resolution of a comparator 120 depends on its overdrive voltage with respect to various reference levels and determines its accuracy. In order to counteract this problem, techniques are required which make it possible to compensate for a lack of accuracy in the analog range through digital operations. For this purpose, embodiments use the oversampling. If, in addition to the oversampling described, the resolution of the reference signal Vref is increased, the reference system is also changed within the sampling interval of the ADC (see FIG. 5 below). Since the comparator Tor 120 always supplies an output signal when its specific amplification intervals with regard to its update rate are reached, the simple increase leads to higher count values, but ultimately these would be a multiple of the actual resolution. The analog input signal Vin is often located between the amplification intervals of the comparator 120, for which purpose a high resolution must be generated. This can be achieved using a corresponding algorithm.
- the calibration is described in more detail below.
- digital calibration should be used.
- the accuracy of the analog components is important for high resolution. As already described, these components represent a limitation of the maximum possible resolution. This limitation can be attributed to a large number of influenceable and also non-influenceable factors. These influencing factors act in turn on the relationship between the analog input signal Vin and the reference signal Vref. An exact signal acquisition is therefore not always possible.
- the system is calibrated according to execution examples with the help of influencing factors found.
- the influencing factors must first be extracted and digitized. Since any influencing factors change the system, the relationship between fixed reference signals Vref and an analog input voltage Vin also changes, which can lead to a time shift of the comparator output signal 125. In order to determine to what extent the shift of the comparator signal 125 takes place, measurements are therefore made in advance
- This approach offers the advantage, among other things, that not only parameters that are caused by the resolution of the comparator 120 are compensated, but also parameters that influence the environment or the use of the ADC. These are e.g. Parameters such as temperature, power supply or reference frequency. In general, process parameters are thus also compensated according to exemplary embodiments.
- Embodiments therefore implement a methodology which makes it possible to identify the deviations related to the influencing factors that can be caused by the analog components of the ADC (e.g. by the comparator 120 and the DAC 110). If this is viewed as a system to be calibrated, the resulting inaccuracies must be characterized.
- the reference signal Vref should advantageously be symmetrical about the analog signal to be digitized
- a first calibration step thus comprises detecting the asymmetry of the comparator 120 and correcting it digitally.
- the shift in the comparator signal 125 is initially unknown.
- a first measurement is therefore made on a (known) pilot signal in order to obtain a digital output value. That would be the relation to the increasing reference signal Vref.
- This value is in turn compared with the known digital output (which is also known for the pilot signal) and the difference becomes calculated.
- the shift of the comparator signal 125 based on the falling reference signal Vref, generated by the DAC 110 is carried out in the same way.
- exemplary embodiments keep the pilot signal constant until the measurement is completed. When the measurement is finished, the difference parameters for both signals are kept (saved) in registers and offer the possibility of continuously correcting the digital output signal.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of an operating sequence in the form of a sequence diagram of the proposed ADC with digital correction unit 140.
- the correction values are set in advance, as described measured.
- the ADC begins to digitize the analog input signal Vin in "tracking mode" and adjusts the output using the correction values determined.
- an enable signal is provided which has the task of switching the analog input signal Vin actually to be converted to the comparator 120. After a reset, there is a restart and thus a new measurement for compensation. After the calibration, the analog-digital conversion can take place.
- FIG. 4 shows a comparison of the conversion scheme of a conventional ADC (above) with the conversion scheme of the modified tracking ADC according to exemplary embodiments (below).
- the input voltage Vin to be converted, the comparator cycle time TCMP, and the voltage reference value Vref of the least significant bit (VLSB) are unchanged in both cases.
- the ratio of the reference value formation between the classic and the modified approach is 1/5, since Vref runs up / down 5 times within the comparator throughput time TCMP (see FIG. 4 below), while it does in the conventional converter (see FIG. 4 above ) only changes once. Therefore, comparison values are available five times more often for exemplary embodiments.
- VLSB voltage reference value
- the abovementioned jump method eg increasing the frequency of the input signal
- the numbers below the representations for Vref, Vin, CMP_out each indicate how many steps (counting steps) a given maximum / minimum (max value / min value) is above the initial value (here has the value “o”).
- the value "Max + Min” is the sum of both values and "Mean” is the average, which thus represents the result of the digital sampling. Embodiments far a significantly better result.
- FIG. 5 shows a comparison of the conversion scheme of the conventional tracking ADC at 1 LSB (top) and at 0.5 LSB (bottom).
- the input voltage to be converted (Vin), the comparator processing time TCMP and the voltage reference value of the least significant bit (VLSB) are unchanged in both cases. Both results are inadequate, as the slowly increasing input signal is not detected at all for the case of 1 LSB (above) and only at the very end for 0.5 LSB (below) (see mean value).
- FIG. 6 shows the results of the conversion scheme according to exemplary embodiments, the ADC again using 1 LSB (top) and 0.5 LSB (bottom).
- the input voltage to be converted (Vin), the comparator transit time (TCMP) and the voltage reference value of the least significant bit (VLSB) are unchanged in both cases (i.e. the same in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6).
- the reference value formation within a comparator interval TCMP is twice as high in exemplary embodiments. If the LSB is also halved, this leads to a higher variance in the output values, as these are related to one another. For example, the mean value changes significantly earlier in exemplary embodiments than for the conventional ADC in FIG. 5.
- exemplary embodiments also allow the information density and the spectrum of a conventional tracking ADC to be increased.
- FIG. 7 shows a comparison of the statistical information density at the top and a comparison of the signal to noise and distortion ratio (SINAD) between a conventional tracking ADC (see graph 550) and an ADC according to the exemplary embodiment at the bottom len (see graph 150).
- the analysis was carried out in the frequency range of 10 KHz up to 50 KHz for a period of 200 ps.
- the effective voltage (overdrive voltage; voltage above the transistor threshold value) of the comparator 120 proportionally determines the relative transit time.
- the information density is defined by the number of different binary values within the time range of 200 ps for the specified frequencies.
- the comparison of the two spectra between conventional tracking ADC and the ADC according to the exemplary embodiments shows that the modified oversampling has periodic outliers within its spectrum (distortions). On average, it is in a slightly better range than the classic approach. However, a filter enables the periodic components to be Press, whereby the signal-to-noise ratio can be significantly improved.
- FIG. 9 shows a comparison of the binary representation between the conventional tracking ADC (see step-shaped line above) and the ADC according to exemplary embodiments (continuous center curve that appears below).
- the analysis of the analog input frequency was again carried out with a sine of 10 KHz for a period of 200 ps.
- the effective voltage (e.g. 0.03225 V) of the comparator proportionally determines the relative processing time.
- Fig. 10 shows a flow diagram for a method for converting an analog input signal into a digital output signal according to further exemplary embodiments.
- the procedure includes:
- all functions described above can be implemented as further, optional method steps.
- the method or parts thereof can be implemented by or in a computer by appropriately installed software. Therefore, the method can be implemented by instructions which are stored on a storage medium and are able to carry out steps (part or all) of the method when it is running on a processor.
- the instructions typically comprise one or more instructions, which can be stored in different ways on different media in or peripheral to a processor, which, when read and executed by the control unit, cause the control unit to perform functions, functionalities and operations which are necessary to carry out a method according to the present invention.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Analogue/Digital Conversion (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102019115612.2A DE102019115612A1 (de) | 2019-06-07 | 2019-06-07 | Analog-Digital-Wandler |
| PCT/EP2020/058138 WO2020244824A1 (de) | 2019-06-07 | 2020-03-24 | Analog-digital-wandler |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3981076A1 true EP3981076A1 (de) | 2022-04-13 |
Family
ID=70005632
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20714188.8A Pending EP3981076A1 (de) | 2019-06-07 | 2020-03-24 | Analog-digital-wandler |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3981076A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102019115612A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2020244824A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN119519720B (zh) * | 2024-11-07 | 2025-10-10 | 南京芯惠半导体有限公司 | 一种模数转换器及模数转换芯片 |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS4929761A (de) * | 1972-07-17 | 1974-03-16 | ||
| KR100733427B1 (ko) * | 2004-02-19 | 2007-06-29 | 주식회사 하이닉스반도체 | 아날로그-디지털 변환기 |
| US8228105B2 (en) * | 2010-07-21 | 2012-07-24 | Fujitsu Limited | Clock signal correction |
| US20120062204A1 (en) * | 2010-09-15 | 2012-03-15 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Digital Voltage Converter Using A Tracking ADC |
| JP6195543B2 (ja) * | 2014-06-27 | 2017-09-13 | ルネサスエレクトロニクス株式会社 | 半導体装置 |
-
2019
- 2019-06-07 DE DE102019115612.2A patent/DE102019115612A1/de active Pending
-
2020
- 2020-03-24 EP EP20714188.8A patent/EP3981076A1/de active Pending
- 2020-03-24 WO PCT/EP2020/058138 patent/WO2020244824A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2020244824A1 (de) | 2020-12-10 |
| DE102019115612A1 (de) | 2020-12-10 |
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