Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
  • G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
  • G02B5/0273—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use
  • G02B5/0294—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use adapted to provide an additional optical effect, e.g. anti-reflection or filter
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
  • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
  • B32B27/306—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol (co)polymers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
  • B32B27/308—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising acrylic (co)polymers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
  • B32B27/322—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins comprising halogenated polyolefins, e.g. PTFE
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
  • B32B37/02—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by a sequence of laminating steps, e.g. by adding new layers at consecutive laminating stations
  • B32B37/025—Transfer laminating
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
  • B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
  • B32B37/24—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer not being coherent before laminating, e.g. made up from granular material sprinkled onto a substrate
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
  • B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
  • B32B7/023—Optical properties
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
  • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
  • B32B7/06—Interconnection of layers permitting easy separation
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
  • G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
  • G02B5/0273—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use
  • G02B5/0284—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use used in reflection
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
  • B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
  • B32B37/24—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer not being coherent before laminating, e.g. made up from granular material sprinkled onto a substrate
  • B32B2037/243—Coating
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
  • B32B2250/02—2 layers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
  • B32B2255/10—Coating on the layer surface on synthetic resin layer or on natural or synthetic rubber layer
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
  • B32B2255/20—Inorganic coating
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
  • B32B2307/204—Di-electric
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
  • B32B2307/412—Transparent
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
  • B32B2307/416—Reflective
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
  • B32B2307/418—Refractive
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2329/00—Polyvinylalcohols, polyvinylethers, polyvinylaldehydes, polyvinylketones or polyvinylketals
  • B32B2329/06—PVB, i.e. polyinylbutyral
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
  • B32B2457/20—Displays, e.g. liquid crystal displays, plasma displays
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2551/00—Optical elements
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2607/00—Walls, panels

Definitions

• the invention relates to a laminated composite for obtaining
• elements with a transparent layer with diffuse reflection capable of being used in aesthetic and / or anti-reflective glazing, or even in transparent projection screens.
• facade glazing diffuse reflection makes it possible in particular to reduce the risk of dazzling caused by the reflection of light from vehicle headlights on the facades. Driver safety and comfort are therefore improved.
• FIG. 1 Another example of the application of diffuse reflection is the glazing used in transparent projection screens.
• These transparent projection screens make it possible to superimpose a display of information in the field of vision of an operator on an environment which he observes through these screens.
• They are generally in the form of diffuse reflection glazing.
• In vehicles they are known in particular in the form of head-up points (HUD or Head-Up Display) which allow the driver to view information such as, for example, the speed of the vehicle or the directions of a route to follow. , directly on a windshield, without having to take your eyes off it. They can also be used, in public or private spaces, for displaying information with aesthetic effects of transparency.
• HUD Head-Up Display
• a rough or textured interface disposed between two transparent substrates of substantially similar refractive index.
• a reflective layer or a layer of refraction index higher than those of the two transparent substrates may optionally be placed at the interface. Diffuse reflection is caused by the combination of texture and the change in refractive index at the interface between the two transparent substrates.
• a projection screen comprising such a glazing operates as follows. When a bright image is projected onto the screen surface, some of the light is transmitted through the screen while another is reflected by the rough or textured interface. The reflected light forms the image which is superimposed on the observed environment in the observer's field of vision. To obtain such an effect, it is necessary that the glazing has a high level of transparency so that an observer can see through it, and a level of diffuse reflection sufficient to allow the projected image to be displayed. A level of clarity or transparency of at least 95% and a level of haze of less than 20%, or even 10%, is generally sought for these glazings.
• Patent application WO 2012104547 A1 describes a diffuse reflection transparent layer element comprising two transparent substrates, organic or inorganic, of substantially similar refractive indices between which is arranged a dielectric layer of higher refractive index than those of said substrates. Each surface between two adjacent layers are textured and parallel to each other.
• Patent application WO 03074270 A2 also describes a transparent layer element with diffuse reflection. It is quite similar to the previous one. However, the dielectric layer is replaced by a metal layer and is disposed between the two substrates.
• Some substrates are unsuitable for depositing dielectric layers on their surfaces either because of chemical incompatibility between the materials of the substrates and the materials of the dielectric layers, or because of incompatibility with the methods of depositing the dielectric layers, or again for all of these reasons combined.
• Some substrates are unsuitable for depositing dielectric layers on their surfaces either because of chemical incompatibility between the materials of the substrates and the materials of the dielectric layers, or because of incompatibility with the methods of depositing the dielectric layers, or again for all of these reasons combined.
• the substrates based on PET and PMMA are suitable for depositing a dielectric layer by cathode sputtering.
• their mechanical and chemical properties sometimes make them unsuitable for laminating laminated glazing. They can react with the other organic layers used or even have an inappropriate thermomechanical behavior for the rolling process. For example, defects in the form of wrinkles may appear during the shaping of the glazing.
• the PVB-based materials regularly used in laminated glazing, only some of them are compatible with the compositions and processes for depositing dielectric layers.
• composition of dielectric layers is therefore limited for obtaining elements with transparent diffuse reflection layers depending on the desired application.
• This method does not make it possible to form a transparent layered element comprising an interface with diffuse reflection properties.
• the present invention makes it possible to satisfy this need. It relates to a laminated composite which can be used to obtain transparent elements with diffuse reflection. It also relates to a process for manufacturing such a laminated composite as well as to a process for manufacturing a lamination interlayer for glazing using such a laminated composite.
• a dielectric layer is a layer whose
• electrical conductivity is low, typically less than 100 S / m.
• transparent a layer, a substrate or a glazing through which or through which at least part of the
• electromagnetic radiation is transmitted in a useful range of wavelengths for the intended application so that an object can be distinctly discerned through said element in said useful range of wavelengths.
• a level of transparency or clarity of a layer, a substrate or a glazing can be defined in the form of an intensity ratio calculated according to the following steps:
• step (b) calculating the ratio of the difference obtained in step (a) over the total intensity of the electromagnetic radiation transmitted in the entirety of the solid angle defined by the cone of revolution whose axis of revolution is said direction and whose apex half-angle is between 0 ° and 2 °.
• a layer is generally qualified as transparent when this ratio is at least equal to 0.8, or even 0.9.
• a surface whose geometric dimensions of its relief are greater than the wavelengths of the useful range of wavelengths of the radiation incident on said surface.
• a typical example of a textured surface is a so-called rough surface, the arithmetic mean of the absolute values of the heights and depths of its relief profile with respect to the median plane of said relief is between 1 ⁇ m and 1. mm.
• the texture of a surface can also be defined as a surface roughness characterized by a parameter Rz measured according to the ISO 4287: 1997 standard and whose value is between 1 pm and 1 mm.
• fuzzy or "haze” level, the proportion of electromagnetic radiation transmitted through a material, and whose dispersion angle is greater than 2.5 ° relative to the direction
• This definition corresponds to those of the ISO 14782 and ASTM D1003 standards.
• the mass fraction of the constituent he or she comprises is at least 50%, in particular at least 70%, preferably at least 90%.
• electromagnetic corresponding to the field of visible light that is to say whose wavelength is between 380 nm and 800 nm.
• the light transmission and the light reflection are defined, measured and calculated in accordance with standards EN 410 and ISO 9050.
• the color is measured in the L * a * b * CIE 1976 chromatic space according to the ISO 11664 standard with a D65 illuminant and a field of view of 2 ° for the reference observer.
• the angular dispersion of which is greater than 2.5 ° from the direction of the incident light.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a laminated composite according to the invention.
• FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a process for manufacturing a laminated composite according to the invention.
• FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a method of manufacturing a diffuse reflection transparent layer element from a laminated composite according to the invention.
• the invention illustrated by the drawing of Figure 1, relates to a laminated composite 1000 comprising:
• an organic polymeric support 1001 comprising an edge 1001c, a first main face 1001a and a second main face 1001b;
• a dielectric layer 1002 comprising a first main face 1002a and a second main face 1002b;
• a first transparent organic polymeric substrate 1003 comprising an edge 1003c, a first main face 1003a and a second main face 1003b;
• the first main face 1002a of the dielectric layer 1002 is in contact with the second main face 1003b of the first transparent organic polymeric substrate 1003;
• the second main face 1002b of the dielectric layer 1002 is in contact with the first main face 1001a of the organic polymeric support 1001;
• the dielectric layer 1002 has a refractive index greater than the refractive index of the first transparent organic polymeric substrate 1003;
• the adhesion energy between the second main face 1002b of the dielectric layer 1002 and the first main face 1001a of the organic polymeric support 1001 is less than the adhesion energy between the first main face 1002a of the dielectric layer 1002 and the second main face 1003b of the first transparent organic polymeric substrate 1003.
• the organic polymeric support 1001 is a sacrificial element whose function is to serve as a support for depositing the dielectric layer before transfer to the first transparent organic polymeric substrate 1003, in accordance with the method of manufacturing a diffuse reflection layer element described below. In other words, it is generally not intended to be kept in said element of layers.
• this support 1001 can be judiciously chosen so that it is compatible with the composition of the dielectric layer and / or its deposition process. It is not necessarily transparent.
• the adhesion energy between the second main face 1002b of the dielectric layer 1002 and the first main face 1001a of the organic polymeric support 1001 is less than the adhesion energy between the first main face 1002a of the dielectric layer 1002 and the second main face 1003b of the first transparent organic polymeric substrate 1003. It consists in carrying out the delamination of the laminated composite, for example by peeling it manually, then in measuring the ohmic resistances of the surface 1001a of the organic polymeric support 1001 and of the surface 1003b of the first transparent organic polymeric substrate 1003.
• the dielectric layer 1002 being generally more conductive than the support 1001 and the first substrate 1003, if the ohmic resistance of the surface 1003b of the first substrate 1003 is lower than that of the surface 1001a of the support, then the adhesion energy between the second main face 1002b of the dielectric layer 1002 and the first main face 1001a of the organic polymeric support 1001 is less than the adhesion energy between the first main face 1002a of the dielectric layer 1002 and the second main face 1003b of the first substrate 1003 transparent organic polymer.
• the adhesion energy between the second main face 1002b of the dielectric layer 1002 and the first main face 1001a of the organic polymeric support 1001 is less than the adhesion energy between the first main face 1002a of the dielectric layer 1002 and the second main face 1003b of the first transparent organic polymeric substrate 1003.
• the adhesion energy between the second main face 1002b of the dielectric layer 1002 and the first main face 1001a of the organic polymeric support 1001 is less than the adhesion energy between the first main face 1002a of the dielectric layer 1002 and the second main face 1003b of the first transparent organic polymeric substrate 1003. This makes it possible to transfer by delamination the dielectric layer 1002 from the organic polymeric support 1001 to the first transparent organic polymeric substrate 1003 when the laminated composite 1000 according to the invention is used for the manufacture of a transparent diffuse reflection layer element such as the one described below.
• second main face 1003b of the first transparent organic polymeric substrate 1003 and / or the first main face 1001a of the organic polymeric support 1001 can be textured and / or chemically functionalized to obtain a lower adhesion energy.
• An example of functionalization can be a silicone layer of a few nanometers to a few tens of micrometers.
• the second main face 1003b of the first transparent organic polymeric substrate 1003 may be a textured surface.
• This surface textured may have the function of contributing to the diffuse reflection of a diffuse reflection transparent layered element obtainable by a manufacturing process such as that described below.
• This textured surface can be intrinsic to the substrate or obtained by texturing methods such as embossing, etching or etching.
• the first organic polymeric substrate 1003 may be selected such that it exhibits intrinsic surface texturing.
• the texturing of the faces 1003b and / or 1001a can be in the form of a surface roughness characterized by a parameter Rz measured according to the ISO 4287: 1997 standard and whose value is between 1 pm and 1 mm, in particular between 5 pm and 100 pm, preferably between 25 pm and 100 pm, or even between 25 pm and 50 pm, or alternatively between 30 pm and 45 pm.
• the organic polymeric support substrate can be based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) or poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) .
• PET polyethylene terephthalate
• PEN polyethylene naphthalate
• ETFE ethylene tetrafluoroethylene
• PMMA poly (methyl methacrylate)
• refraction at 550 nm of the dielectric layer 1002 and the refractive index at 550 nm of the first transparent organic polymeric substrate 1003 is at least 0.3, or even at least 0.5, preferably at least 0.8.
• this characteristic promotes the reflection of electromagnetic radiation by the textured surface 1003b.
• the dielectric layer 1002 can be based on metal oxides or metal nitrides, alone or in mixtures. These oxides or nitrides can be stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric.
• the dielectric layer 1002 can in particular be based on the following compounds SÎ3N4, Sn02, ZnO, AlN, NbO, NbN, TiO2, TiOx alone or as mixtures.
• the dielectric layer can be a thin layer, that is to say a
• the organic polymeric support 1001 is preferably a film, typically of a thickness between 5 and 200 ⁇ m.
• the first transparent organic polymeric substrate 1003 may be a film, the dimensions and composition of which are suitable for use as a component of a diffuse reflection transparent layer element, such as that obtainable by using a manufacturing process described below.
• the first transparent organic polymeric substrate 1003 may advantageously be based on poly (vinyl butyral). It often enters as a lamination interlayer component in a diffuse reflective transparent layered element for transparent laminated glazing and generally has an intrinsic surface texture to contribute to the diffuse reflective function of said layered element.
• the laminated composite comprises:
• an organic polymeric support 1001 based on PET comprising an edge 1001c, a first main face 1001a and a second main face 1001b;
• a dielectric layer 1002 based on titanium oxide with a thickness between 10 nm and 100 nm, preferably between 30 and 70 nm, and comprising a first main face 1002a and a second main face 1002b;
• a first transparent organic polymeric substrate 1003 based on PVB comprising an edge 1003c, a first main face 1003a and a second main face 1003b, textured or not.
• the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a
• the method of manufacturing a laminated composite 1000 comprises the
• said dielectric layer 1002 has a refractive index greater than the refractive index of said first transparent organic polymeric substrate 1003;
• the adhesion energy between the second main face 1002b of the dielectric layer 1002 and the first main face 1001a of the organic polymer support 1001 is less than the adhesion energy between the first main face 1002a of the dielectric layer 1002 and the second main face 1003b of the transparent organic polymer substrate 1003.
• Step (a) of depositing the dielectric layer can be carried out using several physical or chemical deposition methods. Examples are cathodic sputtering assisted by a magnetic field, chemical vapor deposition, dip-coating, centrifugal coating (spin-coating).
• step (a) of depositing the dielectric layer is carried out using cathode sputtering methods. These methods can optionally be assisted by a magnetic field.
• the advantage of these methods is that they allow the deposition of thin dielectric layers, can be used with many types of organic polymeric supports, such as PET, PEN, PMMA or even ETFE.
• the thickness of the thin dielectric layer deposited may be less than one micrometer, a few tens of micrometers, or even a few hundreds of micrometers.
• the method may further comprise, before step (a), a step of texturing and / or chemical functionalization of the first main face 1001a of the organic polymeric support 1001 and / or, before step (b ), a step of texturing and / or chemical functionalization of the second main face 1003b of the first polymeric substrate 1003 transparent organic.
• additional steps can be advantageous to adjust the adhesion energy between the second main face 1002b of the dielectric layer 1002 and the first main face 1001a of the organic polymeric support 1001 so that it is much less than that between the first face 1002a main side of the dielectric layer 1002 and the second main face 1003b of the transparent organic polymer substrate 1003. This can be useful when there is a risk that the two adhesion energies are similar, in particular because of the choice in the composition of the support 1001 and of the first transparent substrate 1003.
• An example of a functionalization step for a support 1001 based on PET can be the deposition of a silicone layer of a few tens of micrometers.
• An example of a texturing step for a support 1001 based on PMMA can be an embossing of microreliefs whose
• the invention also relates to a laminated composite capable of
• a manufacturer of transparent reflective layered element can constitute a range of laminated composites with different combinations of dielectric layers and organic substrates.
• first organic polymeric substrate 1003 can then be flexible films. This makes it possible to store the laminated composite according to the invention in the form of ready-to-use rolls before its use in a method for manufacturing a transparent diffuse-reflection layer element according to a method such as that described below. The advantages of the laminated composite with regard to their use are illustrated by the method of manufacturing a transparent diffuse reflection layer element which is described below.
• Said method comprises the following steps:
• a remarkable advantage of the laminated composite according to the invention, when it is used in particular in such a method for manufacturing a transparent diffuse reflection layer element, is that it makes it possible to overcome the technical constraints of the methods. existing without prejudice to
• optical performance of said element thus obtained. This is in particular due to the sacrificial nature of the organic polymeric support 1001 and to the possible transfer of the dielectric layer 1002 from said support 1001 onto the first substrate 1003.
• the invention therefore makes it possible to increase the choice of transparent substrate / dielectric layer combinations. It also makes it possible to avoid the design of manufacturing processes dedicated to certain layer elements. transparencies with diffuse reflection, or else a significant modification of the existing methods when a change of transparent substrate or of dielectric layer in said layered elements is sought.
• the invention is, on the other hand, particularly suitable for the manufacture of diffuse reflection transparent layer elements operating in the visible spectral range of electromagnetic radiation, that is to say between 380 and 800 nm.
• the adhesion energies can vary with the temperature at which the laminated composite is used to manufacture a transparent diffuse reflection layer element. These variations depend in particular on the nature and the surface properties of the materials used for the support 1001 and the first substrate 1003.
• the delamination step (b) is preferably carried out in a temperature range and / or a range of. delamination rate in which the adhesion energy between the second main face 1002b of the dielectric layer 1002 and the first main face 1001a of the organic polymeric support 1001 is less than the adhesion energy between the first main face 1002a of the dielectric layer 1002 and the second main face 1003b of the first transparent organic polymeric substrate 1003.
• the first main face 3001a of the second transparent organic polymeric substrate 3001 is a textured surface, for example in the form of a surface roughness. This feature may participate in increasing the level of diffuse reflection of the transparent layered element.
• the invention also relates to a diffuse reflection transparent layer element that can be obtained by a method as described above.
• the layer element thus obtained is that it can be used directly as a lamination interlayer.
• the invention also relates to a laminated glazing comprising a lamination interlayer formed by a transparent layer element with diffuse reflection capable of being obtained by a process as described above.
• Another advantage is that it can also be incorporated directly into a transparent projection screen or, indirectly, as a lamination interlayer of a laminated glazing used as a component of said projection screen.
• the laminated composite 1001 comprises:
• an organic polymeric support 1001 based on PET comprising an edge 1001c, a first main face 1001a and a second main face 1001b;
• a dielectric layer 1002 based on titanium oxide with a thickness between 10 nm and 100 nm, preferably between 30 and 70 nm, and comprising a first main face 1002a and a second main face 1002b;
• first transparent organic polymeric substrate 1003 based on PVB comprising an edge 1003c, a first main face 1003a and a second main face 1003b textured in the form of a surface roughness whose parameter Rz according to the ISO 4287: 1997 standard is between 25 pm and 50 pm.
• the method of manufacturing a diffuse reflection transparent lamination interlayer for laminated glazing can then comprise the following steps:
• the organic polymeric 1001 support is a PET film
• the support 1001 is a smooth ETFE film with a thickness of 75 ⁇ m.
• the support 1001 is a textured PM MA film.
• the dielectric layer 1002 is identical for the four composites
• laminates CL.1 to CL.4. It is a layer based on titanium oxide (TiOx) stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric with a thickness of 60 nm.
• TiOx titanium oxide
• the dielectric layer 1002 has been deposited on this surface.
• the first transparent organic polymeric substrate 1003 is a PVB-1 film with a thickness of 0.38 mm and having a texturing in the form of a roughness of surface between 5 and 25 ⁇ m in terms of Rz measured according to the ISO 4287: 1997 standard.
• the first transparent organic polymeric substrate 1003 is a PVB-2 film with a thickness of 0.38 mm with a surface roughness between 24 and 48 ⁇ m).
• Each of the four diffuse reflection transparent layer elements have been incorporated into a laminated glazing in the form of a lamination interlayer between two sheets of transparent soda-lime-silicate mineral glass.
• R.1 it is a functionalized PET film with a thickness of 25 ⁇ m. It coated with a layer of silicone. This support is marketed by Mitsubishi Polyester Film under the name Hostaphan® 7SLK.
• the support 1001 is a smooth ETFE film with a thickness of 75 ⁇ m.
• the support 1001 is a textured PMMA film.
• a dielectric layer, identical for the three elements R.1 to R.3, is a layer based on titanium oxide (TiOx) stoichiometric or not
• the assembly formed by the dielectric layer and the support was encapsulated between two PVB-1 films with a thickness of 0.38 mm exhibiting a texturing in the form of 'a surface roughness of between 5 and 25 ⁇ m in terms of Rz measured according to the ISO 4287: 1997 standard.
• Each of the three diffuse reflection transparent layer elements R.1 to R.3 have been incorporated into a laminated glazing in the form of a lamination interlayer between two sheets of transparent soda-lime-silicate mineral glass.
• the optical properties of glazing comprising the EC elements. 1 to EC. 4 and R.1 to R.3 were measured. They are grouped together in Table 4.
• the light transmission in the visible spectrum, TL, and the reflection, RL, in the visible spectrum are defined, measured and calculated in accordance with the standards EN 410 and ISO 9050.
• the color is measured in the chromatic space L * a * b * CIE 1976 according to ISO 11664 with a D65 illuminant and a visual field of 2 ° for the reference observer.
• - H is the level of "haze” or "haze” corresponding to the proportion of electromagnetic radiation transmitted through a material, and whose dispersion angle is greater than 2.5 ° per report the direction of incidence of said radiation. This definition corresponds to those of the ISO 14782 and ASTM D1003 standards. It was measured using a Haze-Gard haze-meter from BYK-Gardner;
• [00100] - C is the level of transparency or clarity of a layer. It is defined as a ratio between, on the one hand, the difference between the intensity of the radiation transmitted through said layer in a given direction in a first solid angle defined by a first cone of revolution whose axis of revolution is said direction and of which the apex half-angle is less than 0.7, the apex of said first cone being placed on the surface of said layer through which electromagnetic radiation is transmitted, and the intensity of the radiation transmitted in a second solid angle defined by a second cone of revolution whose axis of revolution is said direction and whose apex half-angle is between 0.7 and 2 °, the apex of said second cone coinciding with the apex of the first cone and, d ' on the other hand, the total intensity of the electromagnetic radiation transmitted in the entirety of the solid angle defined by the cone of revolution whose axis of revolution is said direction and whose half-angle at the top is between 0 ° and 2 °.
• DL is the proportion, in percentages, of the "diffuse light", that is to say the proportion of light reflected by the surface of a material, the angular dispersion of which is greater than 2.5 ° relative to the direction of the incident light.
• the laminated glazing VR.3 has the appropriate optical properties in terms of levels of transparency and diffuse reflection.
• the value of DL is greater than 10%
• the level of transparency, C is greater than 98%
• the level of blurring, H less than 1.
• the laminated glazing VR.2 and VR.3 are laminated glazings commonly used for transparent projection screens.
• the proportion of diffused light, DL, is greater than 10%, their level of transparency C greater than 98% and their level of blur less than 1.
• Laminated glazing VEC.1, VEC.2, VEC.3 and VEC.4 are similar to that of the reference VR.3 laminated glazing.

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• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Optics & Photonics (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)

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