EP3964667B1 - Railing for a building - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a parapet for a building, with at least one parapet panel with a parapet back and a parapet front and at least one fastening device for attaching the parapet panel to a component of the building, in particular designed as a storey ceiling, landing, flight of stairs, balcony or terrace. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for fastening a parapet panel of a parapet to a component of a building, the fastening device having a fastening plate which is designed to be connected to an end face of the component via at least one connecting element with the component, the fastening plate is arranged on the back of the parapet panel.

The back side of the parapet panel is referred to here as the side facing the component part of the building and the side facing away from the component part of the building as the parapet front side.

In order to be able to set up parapets on buildings, systems are already known which are essentially formed by parapet elements such as panels or panels and holding devices, with the holding devices being arranged between the panels or panels and receiving them. Parapets are generally understood to mean the boundaries of components of a building such as balconies, roofs, ceiling parts, terraces and the like. When constructing buildings, it is often desirable to attach parapets to a floor as soon as possible during the construction process to provide immediate fall protection so that work on the building can proceed quickly. Therefore, it is advantageous to be able to easily and quickly attach fasteners to newly manufactured components.

In the US 2011/0210299 A1 a holding device is described, which has a flange on the lower side, which produces a screw connection to the building. However, this is often not a sufficiently strong connection, since high parapets can be subjected to large bending moments, for example from wind or human action, and this can damage the screw connection near the fastener. Another disadvantage is that this solution reduces the usable living space on the balcony or terrace and is no longer architecturally up-to-date. In addition, seals that are penetrated by screws are problematic in terms of building physics.

From the WO 2016/015065 A1 a kit for a parapet structure is known which provides attachment devices for parapet panels, the attachment devices being attached to the building by spikes in one embodiment. These spikes, which are arranged in a fastening section of the fastening device, are usually concreted into the ceiling concrete in order to create a stable connection with the building. Fastening with screws or the like without embedding in concrete is not possible with thorns. In addition, the fastening devices must already be available in sufficient numbers at the construction site when the ceiling is grouted and must be positioned in the correct way, since subsequent corrections or changes are hardly possible. For reasons of stability, the mandrels must be concreted completely into the ceiling. Due to the lack of stability, the mandrels therefore do not allow the fastening device to be installed at a distance or protruding from the ceiling in order to increase the usable living space. Since, for reasons of strength, two mandrels must be provided spaced one above the other for each attachment section, the building ceiling must have a relatively large height, which can only be achieved with reasonable effort using in-situ concrete ceilings. Fastening devices with spikes are not suitable for element ceilings with a low construction height.

In a second embodiment, in the WO 2016/015065 A1 proposed an L-shaped fastening device which has a vertical holding section with an H-shaped cross section and a horizontal fastening section which is arranged normal thereto and is formed by a fastening plate. The mounting plate has openings and can be screwed to the ceiling. For reinforcement purposes, the fastening plate is additionally connected to the holding section of the fastening device via a triangular cross brace, which requires additional manufacturing effort. The fastening plate can be placed on the building or a substructure without the holding section of the fastening device protruding into the usable area of the building, in that the holding section is attached in the area of a building edge delimiting the building. For reasons of stability, this fastening device is also not suitable for being fastened at a distance from or projecting from the building ceiling or the edge of the building ceiling or for being concreted into it. The cross brace also makes sealing considerably more difficult and leads to additional costs. In addition, the second embodiment of the fastening device is not suitable for low floor structures, since floor structures which have a lower height than the cross brace would protrude from the floor. This document shows a parapet according to the preamble of appended claim 1 and a method according to the preamble of appended claim 15.

In the EP 0 586 639 B1 L-shaped holding parts are described which hold formwork panels, parapets and the like. These are essentially made of polymer material, which is disadvantageous for the load and durability of the holding part. Each holding part has an upwardly open, hollow vertical leg, into which a parapet rod can be inserted, which receives parapet elements. As a result, another component is inserted, which on the one hand can lead to a loss of stability and on the other hand complicates the structure. Since - in order to save costs - an attempt is made to keep the work steps on site at the building and the working time required as low as possible, work processes with many steps are disadvantageous. The L-shaped retaining parts are only suitable for slab edge formwork, but not for parapets remaining in the structure, which meet the structural requirements and standards.

From the WO 93/20308 A1 a device for releasably holding formwork panels, formwork boards, insulation and facade panels, parapet poles, scaffolding brackets and the like is known, which has L-shaped holding parts that can be set in concrete and anchored in the building.

the CH678081A5 discloses a device for releasably attaching a parapet to the lateral ends of buildings, such as concrete ceilings, which comprises a one-piece or multi-part, essentially L-shaped support element with at least one plug-in leg and at least one plug-in receiving part arranged in or on the lateral end, with which the plug leg can enter into a releasable plug connection. The plug-in receiving part is arranged horizontally and is intended for embedding in concrete in a part of a building.

the GR 2011 0 100 307 A discloses a fastening system for the external fastening of glass panes to a parapet, with a support profile being fastened to the parapet using screws. The support profile has recesses in which sliding nuts are accommodated, with screw bolts, which pass through holes in the glass pane, being screwed to the nuts in order to hold the glass pane firmly on the profile.

the DE 20 2006 004 389 U1 describes a parapet glass pane. A retaining plate is laminated to the lower end of the pane. Holes or bolts are attached to the retaining plate in order to fasten them rigidly to a substructure of a staircase or a catwalk.

the EP 2 599 932 A1 describes a railing plate clamp for an all-glass railing, the clamp closing on the structure directly via an anchor anchoring base part and a clamping part which is tightened against the base part by tightening clamping screws in order to brace the railing plate. The anchor is formed by a fastening plate fastened to the structure with screws. The clamping part is arranged on the front side of the railing plate and is therefore visible.

The object of the invention is to enable the parapet to be secured in a way that is secure, easy to install and visually unobtrusive.

According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the fastening plate is firmly connected to the parapet plate via at least one first screw connection, each first screw connection is screwed from the rear of the parapet plate - passing through the fastening plate - to the rear of the parapet plate, with the thread of each first screw connection is arranged entirely within the parapet panel, and that the connecting element is formed by at least one second screw connection penetrating the fastening plate, the second screw connection being screwable from the parapet front side of the parapet panel.

This enables the spandrel panel to be securely and compactly fastened with just a few individual parts.

The preferably flat mounting plate can be rectangular or square, for example, and have the shape of a flat cuboid or prism. In this context, flat means that the depth of the fastening plate is significantly less than the edge lengths of the fastening plate, viewed in a plan view of the rear side of the parapet. A circular, elliptical or oval shape is also possible. For example, the mounting plate can be formed by a flat bar.

In an embodiment of the invention that is easy to manufacture, it is provided that the fastening plate protrudes beyond the—preferably flat—back of the parapet. In this context, flat means that the rear side of the parapet is designed without elevations or depressions, that is to say essentially flat. Indentations or recesses for accommodating the fastening plate can be omitted, as a result of which production steps can be saved. Another advantage of the outstanding construction is that the parapet panel can be arranged protruding from the front side of the component, which means that the effectively usable living space can be increased. The extent of the projection of the parapet panel from the front side is determined by the depth of the extension between the Spandrel plate and the end face of the component arranged mounting plate defined.

A further embodiment of the invention provides that the parapet panel has at least one recess which is designed to receive the fastening plate—preferably completely—with the dimensions of the recess essentially corresponding to the size of the fastening plate. The recess can be formed by a recess on the back of the parapet or by a recess on the lateral narrow side of the parapet plate, with the recess preferably having a width or depth—viewed in a direction normal to the rear of the parapet—which essentially corresponds to the depth of the fastening plate . The mounting plate accommodated by the recess is covered by the parapet plate—viewed in a plan view of the front of the parapet.

In one embodiment variant of the invention, it is provided that at least one second screw connection is designed as a concrete screw or concrete anchor.

Preferably, at least one first screw connection and at least one connecting element are locally separated from one another.

At least the first screw connection is preferably designed as a self-tapping screw.

An embodiment variant of the invention provides that at least one first screw connection is arranged parallel to the second screw connection.

A secure connection between the fastening plate and the parapet plate is achieved if four first screw connections are provided per fastening plate, with each corner of the fastening plate preferably being assigned a first screw connection.

In one embodiment of the invention it is provided that four first screw connections are provided per fastening plate, with each corner of the fastening plate preferably being assigned a first screw connection. This enables a rigid connection between the mounting plate and the parapet plate.

In order to securely fasten the pro fastening plate to the building ceiling, it is sufficient if a single second screw connection is arranged centrally in the fastening plate, preferably in the middle between the first screw connections. The number of second screw connections mounted from the parapet front can thus be limited to a small number, so that the fastening at the construction site can take place very quickly. From the actual Fastening device, only a few elements are visible from the parapet front.

The first screw connections cannot be seen if each first screw connection is screwed into blind holes on the back of the parapet panel.

In one embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the parapet plate has at least one through-hole in the area of the fastening plate, which is normal to the front side of the parapet, for receiving a second screw connection, with the diameter of the through-hole preferably corresponding to at least the largest diameter of the second screw connection. The second screw connection is thus completely screwed into the parapet panel until a screw head or a nut of the second screw connection is in contact with the mounting plate. The screw head or the nut is ideally located completely within the parapet panel when installed. The through-hole is filled after installation is complete, so that an even and smooth closed surface remains on the front of the parapet and the fastening device is not visible from the front of the parapet.

The first and second connections are mounted from different sides. An embodiment variant of the invention provides that the first screw connection is screwed or can be screwed on the back side of the parapet panel and the second screw connection on the front side of the parapet panel. This ensures that the number of visible screw connections on the parapet front is minimized.

1. a) festes Verbinden der Befestigungsvorrichtung mit der Brüstungsplatte über zumindest eine erste Schraubverbindung
2. b) gemeinsames Befestigen der Befestigungsvorrichtung und der Brüstungsplatte an der Stirnseite des Bauteil des Gebäudes durch Verschrauben zumindest einer an einer Befestigungsplatte der Befestigungsvorrichtung angreifenden zweiten Schraubverbindung mit dem Bauteil oder durch Eingießen von mit der Befestigungsplatte starr verbundenen Betoneisen in das Bauteil.

The method according to the invention for fastening the parapet panel to the floor slab has the following steps:

1. a) fixed connection of the fastening device to the parapet panel via at least one first screw connection
2. b) joint fastening of the fastening device and the parapet panel on the front side of the component of the building by screwing at least one second screw connection acting on a fastening plate of the fastening device to the component or by pouring concrete bars rigidly connected to the fastening plate into the component.

Fig.1

eine erfindungsgemäße Brüstung in einer ersten Ausführungsvariante in einer axonometrischen Darstellung;

Fig. 1a

die Brüstung in einem Schnitt gemäß der Linie I-I in Fig. 1;

Fig. 2

bis Fig. 4 verschiedene Montagezwischenschritte dieser Brüstung;

Fig. 4a

die Brüstung in einem Schnitt gemäß der Linie IV-IV in Fig. 4;

Fig. 5

eine erfindungsgemäße Brüstung in einer zweiten Ausführungsvariante in einem Schnitt analog zu Fig. 1a; und

Fig. 6

eine nicht erfindungsgemäße Brüstung in einem Schnitt analog zu Fig. 4a.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments shown in the non-limiting figures. Show in it:

Fig.1

a parapet according to the invention in a first variant in an axonometric representation;

Fig. 1a

the parapet in a section along line II in 1 ;

2

until 4 various intermediate assembly steps of this parapet;

Figure 4a

the parapet in a section according to line IV-IV in 4 ;

figure 5

a parapet according to the invention in a second embodiment in a section analogous to Fig. 1a ; and

6

a non-inventive parapet in a section analogous to Figure 4a .

1 shows a parapet 1 fastened to a front side 4a of a component 4 of a building.

The parapet 1 has a parapet panel 2 and a fastening device 3 for fastening to the component 4 of the building. The fastening device 3 has, for example, a rectangular or square fastening plate 30 and first screw connections 6 and second screw connections 10 . The mounting plate 30 can also have an n-sided, e.g. hexagonal, or round, e.g. circular, elliptical or oval shape. The mounting plate 30 can be formed, for example, by a flat iron part.

The parapet panel 2 can consist of any material suitable for a parapet 1 and can be formed, for example, by a wood fiber panel, a fiber cement panel, a glass panel, a metal panel or the like. The parapet panel 2 has a parapet back 21 and a parapet front 22 . The narrow side of the parapet panel 2 is denoted by reference number 23 . The parapet rear side 21 of the parapet panel 2 faces the component 4 of the building, for example a floor slab, a landing, a flight of stairs, a balcony, a terrace or the like, in the installed state according to use. The parapet front side 22 faces away from the component 4 in the assembled state.

The fastening plate 30 is mounted on the rear side 21 of the parapet plate 2 . For this purpose, the fastening plate 30 is firmly connected to the parapet plate 30 via first screw connections 6 embodied, for example, as self-tapping screws. The first screw connections 6 are thereby on the parapet back side 21 of the parapet plate 2 - the mounting plate 30 passing through holes 7 - screwed, the thread of each first screw connection 6 being arranged entirely within the parapet plate 2 . The bores 7 are provided with countersinks 7a to fully accommodate the screw heads 6b of the first screw connection 6, as shown in FIG Figure 4a emerges. Thus, the mounting plate 30 can lie flat on the end face 4a of the component 4 .

In the exemplary embodiment, four first screw connections 6 are provided for each fastening plate 30 , with a first screw connection 6 being arranged in a corner of the fastening plate 30 .

In the exemplary embodiment, the fastening device 3 has one connecting element 9 per fastening plate 30 , which is formed by a second screw connection 10 , for example. The fastening plate 30 is mounted on an end face 4a of the component 4 with the connecting element 9 . The second screw connection 10 is formed, for example, by a concrete screw or a concrete anchor or bolt anchor. The parapet panel has through holes 11 and the fastening plate 30 has receiving holes 12 for receiving the second screw connections 10 . The diameter D of the through bores is larger than the largest diameter s - for example of the screw head - of the second screw connection 10 and the diameter d of the receiving bore 12 is smaller than the largest diameter s of the second screw connection 10 (see Fig. 1a ).

For assembly, in a first step, the fastening plates 30 are firmly connected to the parapet plate 2 with the first screw connections 6, which are designed, for example, as self-tapping screws, as in FIGS 2 and 3 is shown. This assembly of the mounting plate 30 can be pre-assembled, ie at the factory before delivery, or also at the construction site, ie after delivery. Figure 4a shows a fastening plate 30 fastened to the parapet plate 2 by means of the first screw connections 6.

On the construction site, the parapet panel 2 is connected directly to the end face 4a of the component 4 of the building via a connecting element 9 per attachment plate 30, so that the attachment plate 30 is located between the end face 4a of the component 4 and the parapet panel 2 when installed. The connecting element 9 is formed, for example, by at least one second screw connection 10 penetrating the parapet panel 2 and the fastening plate 30, which is inserted into a through hole 11 in the parapet plate 2 and a receiving hole 12 on the same axis in the fastening plate 30, with the second screw connection 10 extending from the parapet front side 22 of the parapet panel 2 is screwed into component 4 of the building (see Fig. 1a ). The through hole 11 can be preformed at the factory or drilled on site. The through hole 11 and the second screw connection 10 can be arranged approximately in the middle of the mounting plate 30 and centrally in relation to the four first screw connections 6 . It is sufficient if a single second screw connection 10 designed as a concrete screw or concrete anchor is provided per fastening plate 30 . The screw head 10b or the nut of the second screw connection 10 acts directly on the fastening plate 30, as in Fig. 1a is shown.

in Figure 4a In the exemplary embodiment shown, the fastening plate 30 protrudes beyond the flat rear side of the parapet 21. As a result, the parapet plate 2 can be arranged so as to project from the end face 4a of the component 4, as a result of which the effectively usable living space can be increased. The extent of the projection of the parapet panel 2 from the face 4a is defined by the depth t of the fastening plate 30 arranged between the parapet panel 2 and the face 4a of the component 4 .

The axes 6a of the first screw connections 6 and the axes 10a of the second screw connections 10 are essentially parallel to one another and normal to the parapet panel 2 and to the fastening panel 30 . The first screw connection 6 is screwed to the back side 21 of the wall panel 2 and the second screw connection 10 to the front side 22 of the wall panel 2 . When fully assembled, the first screw connections 6 are covered by the component 4 of the building—viewed from the back of the parapet 21 of the parapet panel 2 . Viewed from the parapet front side 22 of the parapet panel 2, only the ends of the second screw connections 10 in the through holes 11 are visible. The through holes 11 are filled in a final assembly step, so that the parapet front side 22 finally has a flat and smooth surface without depressions.

figure 5 shows an embodiment variant of the invention, which differs from the first embodiment variant in that the fastening plate 30 is arranged in a recess 24 of the parapet plate 2, the shape of which essentially corresponds to that of the fastening plate 30. The depth of the recess 24 essentially corresponds to the depth t of the fastening plate 30.

The parapet panel 2 is attached to the building with the following steps:
First, the mounting plate 30 is firmly connected to the parapet plate 2 via the first screw connections 6, the first screw connections 6 being mounted from the parapet rear side 21 and being screwed into the parapet plate 2—in a non-penetrating manner. One, two or more than two fastening plates 30 can be used per parapet plate 2 . After that the fastening plate(s) 30 and the parapet plate 2 are mounted together on the end face 4a of the component 4 of the building via at least one second screw connection 10 per fastening plate 30, the second screw connections 10 being screwed on from the parapet front side 22. Every second screw connection 10 penetrates the parapet panel 2 and the fastening panel 30.

6 shows an embodiment variant not according to the invention, in which a connecting element 9 is formed by a concrete bar 90, for example a steel mandrel, which is concreted into the component 4.

The parapet 1 according to the invention is particularly suitable for use indoors or for applications in which only small transverse forces are to be expected.

Claims (17)

1. Parapet (1) for a building, having at least one parapet plate (2) with a parapet rear side (21) and a parapet front side (22) and at least one fastening device (3) for fastening the parapet plate (2) to a component (4) of the building, in particular in the form of a story ceiling, landing, staircase, balcony or terrace, wherein the fastening device (3) has at least one fastening plate (30) which is designed to be firmly connected to component (4) with an end face (4a) of the component (4) via at least one connecting element (9), wherein the fastening plate (30) is arranged on the parapet rear side (21) of the parapet plate (2), characterised in that the fastening plate (30) is firmly connected to the parapet plate (2) via at least one first screw connection (6), each first screw connection (6) - passing through the fastening plate (30) - being screwed in on the parapet rear side (21) of the parapet plate (2), wherein the thread (8) of each first screw connection (6) is arranged entirely within the parapet plate (2), and in that the connecting element (9) is formed by at least one second screw connection (10) penetrating the fastening plate (30), wherein the second screw connection (10) can be screwed from the parapet front side (22) of the parapet plate (2).
2. Parapet (1) according to claim 1, characterised in that at least one second screw connection (10) is designed as a concrete screw or concrete anchor.
3. Parapet (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that at least one connecting element (9) is designed as a concrete iron and/or mandrel firmly connected to the fastening plate (30).
4. Parapet (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that at least one first screw connection (6) and at least one connecting element (9) are designed to be locally separated from one another.
5. Parapet (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the fastening plate (30) is designed to be rectangular, square, circular, elliptical or oval.
6. Parapet (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the fastening plate (30) projects beyond the - preferably flat - parapet rear side (21).
7. Parapet (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the parapet plate (2) has at least one recess (24) which is designed to receive - preferably completely - the fastening plate (30), wherein in particular the dimensions of the second recess (24) correspond essentially to the size of the fastening plate (30).
8. Parapet (1) according to claim 7, characterised in that the recess (24) is formed by a depression on the parapet rear side (21) or by a depression on a lateral narrow side (23) of the parapet plate (2), wherein preferably the recess (24) - as viewed in a direction normal to the parapet rear side (21) - has a width or depth which essentially corresponds to the depth dimension (t) of the fastening plate (30).
9. Parapet (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that at least one first screw connection (6) is arranged parallel to the second screw connection (10).
10. Parapet (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that four first screw connections (6) are provided per fastening plate (30), wherein preferably one first screw connection (6) is assigned to each corner of the fastening plate (30).
11. Parapet (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that a single second screw connection (10) is arranged per fastening plate (30) centrally in the fastening plate (30), preferably centrally between the first screw connections (6).
12. Parapet (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the first screw connection (6) is designed as a self-forming screw.
13. Parapet (1) according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterised in that the parapet plate (2) has, in the region of the fastening plate (30), at least one through-bore (11) designed normally to the parapet front side (22) for accommodating a second screw connection (10), wherein the diameter (D) of the through-bore (11) preferably corresponds at least to the largest diameter (s) of the second screw connection (10).
14. Parapet (1) according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the first screw connection (6) is screwed on the parapet rear side (21) of the parapet plate (2), wherein preferably the second screw connection (10) is screwed or screwable on the parapet front side (22) of the parapet plate (2).
15. Method for fastening a parapet (1) according to one of claims 1 to 14 to a component (4) of a building, in particular in the form of a story ceiling, landing, staircase, balcony or terrace, characterised in that the following steps are carried out:

    a) fixed connection of the fastening device (3) to the parapet plate (2) via at least one first screw connection (6)

    b) joint fastening of the fastening device (3) and the parapet plate (2) to the end face (4a) of the component (4) of the building by means of at least one connecting element (9),

    wherein at least one connecting element (9) is formed by a second screw connection (10) engaging on a fastening plate (30) of the fastening device (3), wherein the fastening of the parapet plate (2) is carried out by screwing at least one second screw connection (10) to the component (4).
16. Method according to claim 15, characterised in that at least one connecting element (9) is formed by a concrete iron (90) rigidly connected to a fastening plate (30) of the fastening device (3), wherein the fastening device (3) with the parapet plate (2) is effected by casting the concrete iron (90) into the component (4).
17. Method according to one of claims 15 or 16, characterised in that the first screw connection (6) and the second screw connection (10) are screwed from different sides of the parapet plate (2).

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