Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
  • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
  • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
  • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
  • H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
  • H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
  • H01F1/16—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of sheets
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
  • C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
  • C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
  • C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
  • C21D8/0236—Cold rolling
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
  • C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
  • C21D8/0263—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment following hot rolling
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
  • C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
  • C21D8/0273—Final recrystallisation annealing
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
  • C21D8/0278—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips involving a particular surface treatment
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
  • C21D8/1216—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the working step(s) being of interest
  • C21D8/1233—Cold rolling
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
  • C21D8/1244—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest
  • C21D8/1272—Final recrystallisation annealing
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
  • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
  • C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
  • C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
  • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
  • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
  • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
  • H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
  • H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
  • H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
  • H01F1/14766—Fe-Si based alloys
  • H01F1/14791—Fe-Si-Al based alloys, e.g. Sendust
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C2202/00—Physical properties

Definitions

• the invention relates to a non-grain-oriented metallic flat product, a method for producing a flat product and also a use.
• metallic flat product includes, in particular, rolled products, such as steel strips or steel sheets, blanks or blanks produced by casting.
• the invention relates to flat products which are in the form of electrical steel and flat products which are in the form of electrical steel.
• Non-grain-oriented flat products in particular non-grain-oriented electrical strip or sheet, are required in many electrical engineering applications.
• NGO Non Grain Oriented
• the non-grain oriented metallic flat product is used to control and amplify the course of electromagnetic fields.
• Typical fields of application for such strips and sheets are rotors and stators in electric motors and electric generators.
• non-grain-oriented metallic flat products in particular non-grain-oriented electrical strip and non-grain-oriented electrical steel sheet, are required which combine comparatively low core losses at comparatively high frequencies with comparatively high magnetic polarization and induction and comparatively high permeability.
• the invention is based on the object of providing alternatives to known flat steel products which, with regard to their magnetic properties, remain the same or have better properties meet the requirements.
• the flat products to be provided should also be usable with very low final thicknesses of, for example, less than 0.35 mm.
• the invention is solved with a flat product with the features of claim 1.
• the invention is also solved with a method with the features of claim 7.
• the invention also includes a flat product with the features of claim 13 and a use with the features of claim 15 .
• Ni, Cu, Sn, Co, Zr, Nb, V and Mo can be present as optional components as long as the sum of the parts by weight of these elements does not exceed the limit specified above.
• Mg and Ca can be contained in a proportion of between 0.0005 and 0.005% by weight and are within the scope of this Description included in the above mentioned unavoidable impurities.
• a decisive measure for providing a flat product with a property combination of advantageous magnetic properties and advantageous mechanical properties could be achieved by significantly increasing the Mn content and the Cr content of the flat product with the alloy specification according to the invention compared to known compositions of electrical strips or sheets is.
• the materials according to the invention combine a comparatively high magnetic polarization with comparatively low core losses.
• the non-grain-oriented flat product is preferably non-grain-oriented electrical strip or non-grain-oriented electrical steel sheet, each made of a steel with an alloy composition according to the invention.
• Preferred flat products according to the invention have polarizations and core losses, for which the following relationships apply alternatively or cumulatively: Section P 1 , 0 ; 1000 ⁇ i.e / J 200 ; 1000 ⁇ Mn + Cr ⁇ 2 ⁇ 9 , and or P 1 , 0 ; 400 ⁇ 16 W / kg , and or P 1 , 0 ; 1000 ⁇ 70 W / kg .
• the relation P 1.0;400 ⁇ 16 W/kg indicates that core losses in W/kg in an alternating electromagnetic field with a core core frequency of 400 Hz and a magnetic flux density of 1.0 T in the material are less than 16 W/kg.
• the relation P 1.0;1000 ⁇ 16 W/kg indicates that core losses in W/kg in an alternating electromagnetic field with a core core frequency of 1000 Hz and a magnetic flux density of 1.0 T in the material are less than 70 W/kg.
• J 200;1000 > 1.0 i.e. the magnetic polarization at a magnetic field strength of 200 A/m in an alternating electromagnetic field with 1000 Hz is greater than 1.0 T.
• a particularly preferred flat product can alternatively or additionally be characterized by the surprisingly found property of the flat product that an increased content of Mn and Cr is set in the surface layers due to annealing of the production process.
• Mn and Cr are enriched in the surface layers of the flat product compared to the inside of the flat product.
• the flat product preferably has an Mn and Cr content in a surface layer, ie a boundary region to the surface, which, integrated over the volume of this boundary region, has a value of 0.2 or higher in relation to the Al and Si content.
• the flat product has a Mn and Cr content in the uppermost 0.95 micrometers below its surface, integrated over the volume of this boundary region, which has a value of 0.2 in relation to the Al and Si content or higher.
• the surface layer from 0 to 0.95 ⁇ m, that is, to a depth of 0.95 ⁇ m below the surface, after final annealing, that the ratio of the sum of the mass occupancy of the volume integral of Mn and Cr to the sum of the mass occupancy of the volume integral of Si and Al is greater than or equal to 0.2.
• a flat product according to the invention can particularly preferably be characterized in that the specific electrical resistance at a temperature of 28° C. has a value between 0.60 ⁇ mm 2 /m and 0.70 ⁇ mm 2 /m, more preferably between 0.60 ⁇ mm 2 /m and 0.65 ⁇ mm 2 /m.
• An electrical resistivity with this proviso correlates with the good magnetic properties obtained.
• the flat product is particularly preferably present with a maximum thickness of less than 0.35 mm, with a thickness between 0.19 mm and 0.31 mm being particularly preferred.
• the flat product is sheet metal or strip, the thickness of which satisfies the stated criterion at every point.
• the flat product is preferably present in the small thicknesses mentioned, since the hysteresis losses are lower with these small thicknesses than with greater thicknesses.
• the improved processability of the flat product according to the invention unfolds its particular advantages as a result of the expected excellent cold-rollability.
• final annealing is understood as meaning the annealing of the flat product according to the invention at the end of the production process, ie as the last process step before the insulating varnish coating.
• Step D) takes place after Step C)
• the hot strip is coiled after step C) or, if carried out, after step D) before, if carried out, step E) and/or before step F) with a coiling temperature between 500° C. and 750 °C
• the hot strip annealing of step E) is carried out at a temperature between 700°C and 790°C. It is preferable that the hot strip annealing is carried out for not less than 12 hours and not more than 36 hours.
• step F leads to particularly advantageous properties of the flat product obtained at a total degree of cold rolling of between 75% and 90%. It is particularly preferred if the flat product is rolled to a thickness of between 0.19 mm and 0.31 mm. Particularly preferably, no more than four stitches are carried out.
• Properties have proven to be advantageous for the final annealing when it is carried out at a preferred temperature between 930° C. and 1070° C., with the duration of the final annealing particularly preferably not exceeding 300 seconds amounts to.
• the minimum duration of the final anneal is preferably 50 seconds.
• the final annealing preferably takes place in a continuously operated furnace through which the flat product has to pass, for example in a horizontal continuous furnace.
• Steps A) to G) are particularly preferably carried out in their alphabetically specified order.
• a further aspect of the present application is a flat product which can be obtained using one of the aforementioned methods or its developments.
• a further aspect of the present application is the use of a section punched out of one of the aforementioned flat products as a lamella of a rotating electrical machine.
• variant 1, variant 2 and variant 3 electrical strips according to the invention were produced, referred to below as variant 1, variant 2 and variant 3.
• the compositions of variants 1, 2 and 3 are listed in Table 1. Further variants, referred to as variant ref. 1, variant ref. 2 and variant ref.
• low sulfur and nitrogen contents were set using a ladle furnace and slabs were produced using continuous casting or thin slab casting.
• a strip was then produced from each of these by means of hot rolling, pickling, hot strip annealing, cold rolling and final annealing.
• the material was heated to a maximum of 1200° C. before hot rolling, rolled to a hot strip thickness of 1.3-1.9 mm up to a final rolling temperature of 820 °C-890 °C and a coiling temperature of 500 °C-750 °C.
• the hot strips produced are pickled and then annealed at 700-790° C. for 24 hours, with this step not necessarily being part of the invention, it is therefore optional.
• the annealed hot strip was formed with a total degree of cold rolling of 75-90% to a final thickness of 0.19-0.31 mm (+/- 8%) with a maximum of 4 passes.
• the final annealing takes place at a maximum temperature between 930-1070°C.
• Table 1 sample Preheat temperature before hot rolling in degrees Celsius Finishing temperature in degrees Celsius Hot strip thickness in mm Coil temperature in degrees Celsius Hot strip annealing temperature in degrees Celsius Total degree of cold rolling in percent Final thickness in mm number of stitches Final annealing temperature in degrees Celsius
• Var. 1 1120 840°C 1.6 620 740 Different see Table 4 Different see table 4 4 Different see Table 4 Var. 2 1120 840°C 1.6 620 740 so so 4 so Var.
• the magnetic values P at 1.0 T and 1000 Hz and J at 200 A/m and 1000 Hz were determined using a 60 ⁇ 60 mm 2 table in accordance with IEC404-3, with a mean value being formed from a longitudinal and a transverse value .
• Table 4 the following properties of the prepared samples 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1 from analyzes 1-3 and samples Ref. 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 3.1 to 3.5 from analyzes Ref. 1-3 are shown, where the digits after the point refer to the fact that several samples were randomly produced from one sample for the optical analysis in order to underpin the reliability of the tests carried out. For example, five samples were produced from the reference materials 3, which were numbered 3.1 to 3.5.
• the peculiarity of the element enrichment of Mn and Cr in the surface layers of the flat product was determined using glow discharge spectroscopy according to test specification ISO 11505:2012-12. The measurement is made on the top (US) and bottom (US) of the samples. Bandwidth measurements were also performed at the edge (R1/R2) and center (M) sample locations. An integral evaluation of the mass coverage from the surface (0 ⁇ m) to a sample depth of 0.95 ⁇ m for Mn, Cr, Al and Si was calculated from the measurement curves obtained for the mass over a sample depth of 0 to 12 ⁇ m.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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• Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Manufacturing Of Steel Electrode Plates (AREA)
• Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)

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• 2020
  • 2020-09-01 RS RS20240954A patent/RS65892B1/sr unknown
  • 2020-09-01 EP EP20193920.4A patent/EP3960886B1/fr active Active
• 2021
  • 2021-06-04 WO PCT/EP2021/064998 patent/WO2022048803A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2021-06-04 EP EP21730216.5A patent/EP4208577A1/fr active Pending
  • 2021-06-04 US US18/019,611 patent/US20230287544A1/en active Pending
  • 2021-06-04 JP JP2023509808A patent/JP7559220B2/ja active Active
  • 2021-06-04 CN CN202180051319.5A patent/CN116057196A/zh active Pending

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