EP3956151A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung eines dekorierten kunststoffteils sowie dekoriertes kunststoffteil - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung eines dekorierten kunststoffteils sowie dekoriertes kunststoffteilInfo
- Publication number
- EP3956151A1 EP3956151A1 EP20718635.4A EP20718635A EP3956151A1 EP 3956151 A1 EP3956151 A1 EP 3956151A1 EP 20718635 A EP20718635 A EP 20718635A EP 3956151 A1 EP3956151 A1 EP 3956151A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- film
- plastic material
- layer
- imperfections
- layers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 294
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 293
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 196
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims description 332
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 132
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 93
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004676 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 366
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 16
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 11
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 7
- XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000001718 carbodiimides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010330 laser marking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001795 light effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010023 transfer printing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002799 BoPET Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004831 Hot glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003682 fluorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004224 protection Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004433 Thermoplastic polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006750 UV protection Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011104 metalized film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012860 organic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012785 packaging film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006280 packaging film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012994 photoredox catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009993 protective function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005510 radiation hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002990 reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
- B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
- B44C1/10—Applying flat materials, e.g. leaflets, pieces of fabrics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
- B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
- B44C1/22—Removing surface-material, e.g. by engraving, by etching
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
- B44C3/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing ornamental structures
- B44C3/08—Stamping or bending
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
- B44F5/00—Designs characterised by irregular areas, e.g. mottled patterns
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
- B44F7/00—Designs imitating three-dimensional effects
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a decorated
- Plastics processing machine fed, melted and then processed into a plastic part by means of an extruder.
- the invention is based on the object of the decoration of
- Plastic part solved which includes the following steps:
- imperfections in the film in such a way that the imperfections are optically recognizable after the processing process, in particular are optically recognizable through a depth effect and / or 3D effect and / or transparency effects.
- plastic part at least one film and at least one on the film
- Defects are recognizable after the processing process, in particular are optically recognizable by a depth effect and / or 3D effect and / or transparency effect.
- the invention achieves the advantage that a large number of different decorative effects of the plastic part can be achieved cost-effectively by means of one and the same starting products, namely the film and the plastic material. There are many, depending on the type of defects introduced
- Processing process can be achieved. It is furthermore advantageous here that optical decorations can also be achieved by appropriately introducing defects and choosing the parameters of the processing process, which otherwise can only be achieved by complex and cost-intensive processes. For example, it is possible to achieve depth effects and / or 3D effects also by means of a film whose film layer and / or whose decorative layers do not produce such effects and, for example, only one
- the film can be single-layer, for example a solid-colored plastic film or a single-layer metal film, for example made of aluminum or copper.
- the foil can also be a paper or a paper-like material e.g. Be TESLIN®.
- the film can also be multilayered and in particular have at least one carrier layer and at least one decorative layer.
- the plastic material is preferably used before the film is applied
- the advantage is achieved that, on the one hand, the local alignment or position of partial areas of the film can be set well with the aid of the imperfections. This, probably due to the application of a "liquid” medium. Furthermore, the advantage is achieved that this alignment or spatial position is then “preserved” when the plastic material cools. Studies have shown that particularly impressive depth effects and / or 3D effects can be achieved through these measures.
- position is in particular the spatial position in relation to a main surface of the plastic part and in particular that of the film
- “Alignment” here means in particular the local solid angle of the plane spanned by a main surface of the decorative layer or film in relation to a main surface of the plastic part and in particular that of the film
- a local change in the alignment is formed in particular in that a partial area of the film layer and / or a decorative layer of the film against a main surface of the plastic part or that of the film
- a local change in the situation includes a change in
- Alignment also a change in the vertical positioning and / or the horizontal local spacing of the partial area of the decorative layer or the film from a main surface of the plastic part or that of the film
- thermoplastic is preferably used as the plastic material
- Plastic material preferably containing polycarbonate (PC), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polypropylene (PP) and / or polystyrene (PS) is used.
- PC polycarbonate
- ABS acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- PP polypropylene
- PS polystyrene
- the plastic material preferably has a glass transition temperature between 60 ° Celsius and 300 ° Celsius, in particular between 90 ° Celsius and 200 ° Celsius, more preferably between 100 ° Celsius and 150 ° Celsius.
- the plastic material is preferably applied to the film at a temperature between 60 ° Celsius and 300 ° Celsius, more preferably between 200 ° Celsius and 250 ° Celsius. Investigations have shown that, due to the resulting temperature input, changes in the position and / or orientation of subregions of the film and in particular of one or more decorative layers of the film are favored and the quality of the decorative effects is thus further improved.
- the imperfections are preferably due to regional, local openings and / or regional, local creases and / or folds and / or
- the imperfections are preferably recognizable by regionally, local detachment of one or more decorative layers from the carrier layer, in particular in the area of the imperfections. In the area of the detachment of one or more of the decorative layers, it is possible here on the one hand for the detached
- Subregions of the decorative layer are mechanically connected to one or more layers of the film in regions, but in the region of the
- the separation point is changed accordingly, the spatial position and / or alignment of the one or more decorative layers.
- the one or more decorative layers are no longer mechanically connected to a layer of the film are coupled, but are separated from the film, in particular dispersed as platelet-shaped particles behind the plastic material.
- the imperfections are visually recognizable in that in the area of the imperfections there is a local change in the position of partial areas of the film layer and / or one or more of the
- Decorative layers in particular a local change in the alignment of subregions of the film layer and / or of one or more of the decorative layers, has taken place. As already stated above, this creates a local
- the film layer and / or one or more of the decorative layers of subregions, in particular in the “volume” of the plastic material, causes shading effects. These two effects also form the basis for generating depth effects and 3D effects.
- the imperfections are visually recognizable by a local severing and with the destruction of the film layer and / or of one or more decorative layers of the film.
- the optical effect of the one or more decorative layers is correspondingly extinguished or changed locally and a corresponding local optical change is thereby achieved.
- the melted plastic material is preferably applied to the film in such a way that the melted plastic material covers the film at least in some areas on at least one main surface of the film.
- the melted plastic material is preferably applied to the film in such a way that the melted plastic material completely covers at least one main surface of the film and / or envelops the film. This has the advantage that the application of the plastic material preserves local “changes” in the one or more decorative layers of the film particularly well and protects them from environmental influences.
- the film is preferably encased on all sides by the plastic material in the course of the processing process. This has the advantage that the film layer and / or one or more decorative layers are securely in front
- the plastic material is preferably made of a transparent or translucent plastic material.
- a transparent plastic material is understood to mean a plastic material that is visible in the
- Wavelength range has a transmissivity of more than 70%, preferably more than 80%, more preferably more than 90%.
- a translucent plastic material is understood to mean a plastic material that has a transmissivity between 70% and 10% in the visible wavelength range,
- the plastic material is preferably an optically scattering plastic material. Under an optically scattering
- Plastic material is understood to mean a plastic material which scatters at least 10%, preferably more than 20%, more preferably 50% of the incident light in transmission and / or reflection.
- inorganic pigments or additives that act as scattering centers for the incident light are inorganic pigments or additives that act as scattering centers for the incident light.
- transmissivity and scattering preferably relates to the plastic material after the processing process has been carried out, i.e. H. on a layer thickness of the plastic material as it is present after the processing process has been carried out.
- the plastic material is so on the film in the
- the processing process is selected so that during the processing process by thermal and / or chemical and / or mechanical influences the optical appearance of the film in the area of the imperfections is changed in a visually recognizable manner
- the optical result is thus largely brought about by the processing process and in particular by a corresponding application and / or introduction of the plastic material onto and / or into the film.
- the “imperfections” thus only locally define the areas in which the corresponding during the manufacturing process and in particular when the plastic material is applied
- the imperfections and / or one or more of the decorative layers in the area of the imperfections are preferably changed in the processing process by the conditions prevailing there, in particular pressure and / or temperature.
- a corresponding change is hereby made in particular by warping and / or deforming the film and / or one or more of the
- a change is also preferably brought about by tearing the film and / or one or more decorative layers of the film in the area of the imperfections.
- a change is further preferably brought about by detaching one or more decorative layers of the film in the area of the imperfections.
- a change is further preferred by enlarging a local one
- Cutting through and / or plastic deformation of the film or one or more of the decorative layers of the film in the area of the imperfections is effected, preferably by more than 100%, preferably by more than 500%.
- one or more of the decorative layers of the film in the vicinity of the imperfections are destroyed, largely destroyed and / or their optical effect changed during the processing process.
- the local optical change of the film that occurred in the area of the introduced imperfections is preserved by solidifying the plastic material at the end of the processing process. This can be done, for example, by appropriate cooling of the plastic material and / or hardening of the plastic material, in particular by means of thermal hardening, radiation hardening or electron beam hardening.
- the defects can be in the film before and / or during the
- One or more of the imperfections can be formed by introducing predetermined breaking points, so that first imperfections are present in the film, which are formed by predetermined breaking points.
- Predetermined breaking points are understood to mean, in particular, local, in particular point or line-shaped areas of the film in which the material structure of the film is mechanically weakened compared to surrounding areas,
- one or more layers of the film are at least partially severed in this area or otherwise weakened in their cohesion with respect to the surrounding areas.
- These predetermined breaking points can preferably be introduced into the film through mechanical damage to one or more layers of the films, in particular through local mechanical damage to the carrier layer and / or one or more of the decorative layers of the film.
- one or more layers of the film in particular the carrier layer and / or one or more of the decorative layers, are at least partially severed. This is preferably done mechanically, in particular by means of cutting, punching, scratching or engraving.
- the first imperfections at least one or more layers of the film by means of irradiation, in particular by means of a laser, an electron beam or a thermal source partially, for example by evaporation of material of the respective layer, to cut through and / or to weaken the material of the respective layer accordingly.
- At least one layer of the film can be partially severed locally in the area of the first imperfections, in particular by means of etching, or the material can be “weakened” accordingly.
- Carrier layer and also the decorative layers are possible, preferably to dissolve the composite of the film as a coherent structure and separate film parts are created.
- These film parts can preferably have an area of approximately 1 mm 2 to 1,000,000 mm 2 , preferably an area of approximately 5 mm 2 to 90,000 mm 2 .
- one or more of the first predetermined breaking points differ from one another, in particular in the lateral one
- One or more imperfections are preferably formed by bending points.
- one or more layers of the film, in particular the carrier layer and / or one or more of the decorative layers in the area of the bending points are particularly plastically deformed and / or broken by bending and / or a local detachment of one or more by bending
- Bending points are understood to mean in particular corresponding local areas, for example point-shaped or linear areas of the film, in which a corresponding local, previously described change in the film has been achieved by a bending load.
- the second imperfections are preferably introduced by locally bending the film, in particular by kinking and / or creasing and / or folding and / or twisting the film.
- one or more of the second predetermined breaking points differ from one another, in particular in the lateral one
- the imperfections can be introduced regularly and / or randomly and / or pseudo-randomly according to a regular or irregular grid in the form of a predetermined decoration.
- a first group of defects which is arranged according to a regular grid
- a second group of defects which according to a predetermined pattern, for example consisting of
- alphanumeric characters or a picture template are arranged, a third group of defects, which are arranged randomly or pseudo-randomly.
- the measures described above are preferably combined with one another in order to achieve complex, visually appealing decorations on the plastic part.
- the film can be pretreated before the processing to ensure the adhesion and / or the wettability between the film and the
- One or more of the following processing methods are preferably carried out as pre-treatment:
- one or more other plastic materials are preferably applied to the film during the processing process.
- the plastic material can be applied to one main surface of the film and the further plastic material to the other main surface of the film.
- the film is preferably fed to the processing process two or more times. Complex depth and 3D effects can be achieved by superimposing the decorative effects.
- Plastic material around an extrusion material of the extrusion process is preferred here that the plastic material is brought into contact with the film before the extrusion rollers.
- the extrusion process can be formed by an extrusion process in which an extrusion takes place, or a coextrusion is also carried out.
- the processing process can also be another processing process, in particular a process selected from the lamination process, in particular using a roller laminator or a lifting press, lamination process, deep-drawing process, injection molding process.
- the plastic material is applied to the film in particular by back injection, over injection and / or flooding.
- the production of a film insert is not absolutely necessary for this. Rather, it is sufficient if the film is completely or partially in the injection mold is introduced and is brought into contact with the injection molding material on one or both sides.
- the plastic part produced in this way can then be back-injected and / or flooded and / or deep-drawn and / or laminated.
- the plastic part can be treated after the manufacturing process, in particular to improve the adhesion and / or the wettability between the plastic part and any coatings to be subsequently applied to the plastic part.
- One or more of the following processing methods are preferably carried out as treatment: surface activation, in particular by gassing, flame treatment, plasma treatment, fluorination, irradiation, cleaning, coating.
- Laser marking and / or lamination These processing steps can be carried out individually or in combination on the plastic part after an extrusion process or after a 3D deformation process on the visible side in order to create special protective layers and / or haptic effects and / or further decorative layers such as full-surface or partial-surface decors, gradients and / or matt
- special protective layers and / or haptic effects and / or further decorative layers such as full-surface or partial-surface decors, gradients and / or matt
- effects and / or gloss effects and / or full-surface or partial opacity in particular as defined transparent areas within an opaque layer, for example to produce areas that can be illuminated from behind.
- These processing steps can each take place individually or in combination on the plastic part after an extrusion process or after a 3D deformation process, alternatively or additionally also on the side facing away from the visible side of the plastic part, for example to achieve full or partial opacity of the plastic part, or to achieve special Lighting effects e.g. in the form of a backlighting area, in particular as defined transparent areas within an opaque layer, for example to generate backlit areas, or also to provide technical advantages, for example with regard to durability and / or adhesive forces and / or wetting properties of surfaces, here in particular for further subsequent processing steps such as e.g. To achieve injection molding.
- the layer thicknesses in screen printing are between 1 pm and 50 pm, preferably between 5 pm and 30 pm, particularly preferably between 5 pm and 15 pm.
- the screen printing layer can be transparent or translucent or also opaque.
- a transparent screen printing layer is understood to mean a screen printing layer which, in the visible wavelength range, has a transmissivity of more than 70%, preferably more than 80%, more preferably more than 90%.
- a translucent screen printing layer is understood to mean a screen printing layer which has a transmissivity between 70% and 10%, preferably between 70% and 30%, more preferably between 70% and 40%, in the visible wavelength range. Under an opaque
- Screen printing layer is understood to be a screen printing layer which, in the visible wavelength range, has a transmissivity between 40% and 0%, preferably between 30% and 0%, more preferably between 10% and 0%.
- the screen printing layer can consist of several sub-layers that
- Each of the sub-layers can in each case be transparent or translucent or opaque in the visible spectral range, so that the screen-printed layer can consist of several sub-regions, each of which can have a different transmissivity in the visible spectral range.
- a transparent protective varnish can be applied by screen printing, which has one or more components selected from an uncrosslinked acrylate, from polyurethane, from UV-crosslinkable acrylate, from chemically crosslinkable acrylate (using isocyanate, melamine, carbodiimide, etc.), optionally in addition is provided with inorganic auxiliaries (e.g. SiOx, etc.) and / or with release agents.
- This protective lacquer can be applied over the entire surface or only in partial areas on the surface of the plastic part and / or on the
- Plastic part existing layers be applied. It is also possible, after the processing process has been carried out, to apply one or more additional layers to the plastic material and / or the film for forming the plastic part.
- one or more of the processing processes described above are preferably used, for example screen printing, digital printing, lamination, lamination, deep drawing, injection molding or extrusion.
- the film is preferably a laminating film or
- a transfer film is formed here by a film in which the carrier layer can be detached from the one or more decorative layers and in particular also has one or more detachment layers.
- the use of a film of this type has the advantage that local detachment of one or more decorative layers by introducing imperfections is particularly easy, in particular because of the one or more detachment layers provided in the layer structure.
- the carrier layer is preferably made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).
- the layer thickness of the carrier layer is preferably between 10 ⁇ m and 200 ⁇ m, more preferably between 25 ⁇ m and 75 ⁇ m.
- the one or more decorative layers of the film preferably each consist of a lacquer layer which is colored with one or more dyes and / or pigments.
- the one or more decorative layers Foil in each case preferably formed from one or more of the following layers:
- a decorative layer can be formed by a metal layer and / or several, in particular different metal layers, in particular of different colors.
- the different colors of the metal layer can be caused by a coloring of the metal by a translucent color layer and / or by the intrinsic color of the metal.
- a decorative layer can be formed by a relief layer having an optically active surface relief.
- This relief layer preferably consists of a thermoplastic or UV-curable lacquer in which the optically active surface relief is shaped by means of an embossing tool.
- the optically active surface relief is preferably a diffractive structure, in particular a hologram, a matt structure, in particular an isotropic or anisotropic matt structure, a refractive structure, preferably a microlens structure, a zero-order diffraction grating.
- a decorative layer can consist of a thin film element, which generates a color shift effect by interference, and / or a layer for generating Color effects are formed in transmitted light by means of plasmon resonance, for example a translucent metal layer in which a relief structure is shaped with a period below the wavelength of visible light or which is structured according to a grid with a period below the wavelength of visible light.
- the aforementioned decorative layers can be combined with one another in any combination in the film.
- the decorative layers can be present in the film over the entire surface, but also partially and in pattern form.
- the decorative layers preferably have a layer thickness between 0.01 ⁇ m and 20 ⁇ m.
- the plastic part can be used for various applications: It is advantageous if the plastic part is used in the automotive sector, in particular as an external body part or as an external attachment or as part of the interior
- Motor vehicle is used in consumer electronics or in
- Household appliances area in particular as a chassis part of an electronic or electrical device, is used in the furniture industry, for example as a furniture part, in the packaging industry, for example as a packaging film.
- Fig. 1 shows a sectional view of a film
- Fig. 2 shows a sectional view of a film
- Fig. 3 illustrates schematically one
- FIGS. 4a to 4c each show a sectional view of a
- FIG. 5 and Fig. 6 show schematic representations for
- Fig. 7a shows a schematic representation for
- FIG. 7b shows a sectional view of the plastic part according to FIG. 7a.
- FIG. 8b shows a sectional view of the plastic part according to FIG. 8a.
- 9a shows a schematic representation for
- FIG. 9b shows a sectional view of the plastic part according to FIG. 9a.
- the film is preferably formed from a transfer film or laminating film. Furthermore, it is also possible for the film, as already stated above, to also have a single-layer structure.
- the film according to FIG. 1 is a transfer film.
- the film 10 according to FIG. 1 has a carrier layer 11, a release layer 13, one or more protective layers 14, one or more decorative layers 12 and one or more adhesive and / or bonding layers 15.
- the film has a front main surface 1 1 1 and a rear main surface 1 12.
- the main area becomes an outer boundary surface of a body
- the carrier layer 1 1 is preferably made of a plastic that bonds well with the applied plastic material.
- the carrier layer 1 1 can be painted, vapor-deposited and / or primed on one or both sides in order to in particular the interlayer adhesion to the applied
- the carrier layer 11 is preferably made of PET. This is preferably a PET carrier material which is used for the subsequent
- Processing process is "optimized".
- a flexible, deep-drawable PET carrier material can be used for better deep-drawability.
- a UV-stabilized PET carrier material can be used for better UV resistance.
- the carrier layer 11 consists of a different material, in particular ABS or ABS-PC or PC or PMMA or polyurethane or TPU or TPE. Furthermore, it is also possible for the carrier layer to consist of one or more sub-layers, which preferably consist of one of the
- the carrier layer 11 from a material which is elastic or rigid, dissolves, detaches and / or melts.
- the layer thickness of the carrier layer 11 is preferably between 10 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m, more preferably between 25 ⁇ m and 150 ⁇ m.
- the release layer 13 is preferably made of a wax, optionally
- the release layer 13 consists of a crosslinkable OH-functionalized acrylate, in particular isocyanate, melamine, carbodiimide.
- the release layer can also consist of a combination of such materials.
- the layer thickness of the release layer 13 is preferably between 0.1 ⁇ m and 5 ⁇ m, more preferably between 0.5 ⁇ m and 3 ⁇ m.
- the release layer 13 can also be dispensed with if the layers of the film 10 adjacent to the carrier layer 11 are formulated accordingly that the interlayer adhesion between these layers is so low that these layers can be released from the carrier layer 11 without destroying these layers .
- the protective layer 14 preferably consists of a protective lacquer layer.
- This protective varnish preferably consists of an uncrosslinked acrylate, polyurethane and / or UV-crosslinkable or traditionally crosslinkable acrylate, in particular isocyanate, melamine, carbodiimide.
- Inorganic auxiliaries, in particular SiOx and “release agents”, can also be added to the protective lacquer layer.
- the protective layer 14 can furthermore also consist of one or more protective lacquer layers, each of these protective lacquer layers preferably offering protection against special environmental influences.
- the layer thickness of the protective layer 14 is preferably between 1 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m, more preferably between 2 ⁇ m and 6 ⁇ m.
- the protective layer 14 can also be dispensed with. This because the
- the manufacturing process for the plastic part is then applied to the film 10
- the one or more decorative layers 12 are preferably composed of one or more lacquer layers.
- lacquer layers preferably contain one or more by means of one
- Layers colored by dye or pigment have in particular an uncrosslinked acrylate, polyurethane, crosslinkable OH-functionalizable acrylates, in particular isocyanate, melamine, carbodiimide as binders, dyes and / or pigments, in particular organic or inorganic pigments and / or
- Additives such as dispersing additives.
- Liquid crystal pigments, interference layer pigments or diffractive pigments are used.
- dyes and / or pigments it is also possible to use dyes and / or pigments which have luminescent and / or phosphorescent properties.
- the decorative layers 12 can also consist of one or more of the aforementioned layers, that is to say in particular also consist of real metal layers, for example a vapor-deposited layer of chromium, tin, aluminum, copper, indium, silver or gold.
- the individual decorative layers 12 can be flat as well as partially in the sense of a decorative design and / or in the sense of an optical and / or
- the layer thickness of a decorative layer 12 is preferably between 0.1 ⁇ m and 20 ⁇ m, more preferably between 0.5 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m.
- the adhesive and / or bonding layer 15 preferably consists of at least one lacquer layer, and depending on the area of application, in particular "automotive”, “consumer electronics", “packaging” and their technical requirements, in particular light stability, the corresponding lacquer structures can vary.
- the adhesive and / or bonding layer 15 preferably consists of a hot-melt adhesive layer, in particular containing polyvinyl chloride (PVC),
- the layer thickness of the adhesive and / or adhesion promoting layer 15 is
- the adhesive and / or bonding layer 15 can also be dispensed with.
- This laminating film comprises a carrier layer 11, an adhesion promoting layer 16, one or more
- the laminating film shown in FIG. 2 is basically like that shown in FIG. 1
- Adhesion promoter layer 16 is provided.
- the carrier layer 11, the protective layer 14, the one or more decorative layers 12 and the adhesive and / or bonding layer 15 are here like the
- the carrier layer 12, the protective layer 14, the one or more decorative layers 12 and the adhesive and / or bonding layer 15 are built up according to FIG. 1, so that reference is made to the preceding statements in this regard.
- the adhesion promoting layer 16 improves the interlayer adhesion between the one or more decorative layers 12 and the carrier layer 11
- Adhesion-promoting layer 16 preferably consists of a highly crosslinkable acrylate system, in particular melamine or isocyanate.
- the layer thickness of the adhesion promoter layer 16 is preferably between 0.5 gm and 10 gm, more preferably between 1 gm and 4 gm.
- a film 10 preferably the film 10 according to FIG. 1 and / or FIG. 2, is provided, which has a carrier layer, in particular the carrier layer 11 and one or more decorative layers, in particular the decorative layers 12.
- the film 10 can also have one or more further layers, as explained above with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the film consists only of the carrier layer 11 and a decorative layer 12 or the carrier layer 11 and several decorative layers 12 or that the film is only present as a single-layer film, for example as a single-layer opaque or translucent plastic material or as a single-layer metal foil, for example Aluminum or copper.
- the film 10 is fed to a processing process.
- the processing process is an extrusion process.
- an extruder 52 is made of one
- a plastic granulate 21 is supplied to the storage container 51.
- the plastic granulate 21 is melted in the extruder 52 and a
- Melted plastic material 20 with pressures between 10 bar to 300 bar or 700 bar and temperatures between 60 ° C and 300 ° C are extruded.
- the plastic material 20 is an extrudable one
- Plastic material in particular containing PC, ABS, PMMA, PP and / or PS.
- the plastic material 20 is here preferably transparent or translucent. However, it is also possible that the plastic material 20 has opaque optical
- Has properties, d. H. in particular the transparency of the plastic material in the visible wavelength range is less than 80%, more preferably less than 90%, more preferably less than 99%. It is also advantageous if the plastic material 20 is colored and / or the plastic material 20 has scattering properties.
- the film 10 is now preferably provided with predetermined breaking points before being fed to the manufacturing process and, as shown in FIG. 3, fed to the extrusion process.
- the melted plastic material 20 is applied to the film 10 and then the film 10 with the applied, still liquid plastic material 20 is placed in a roller gap between two
- Extrusion rollers 53 introduced.
- the melted plastic material 20 is then pressed against the film 10 by the extrusion rollers 53. Due to the high temperatures and pressures occurring here, the appearance of the film 10 in the area of the imperfections is preferably visually visibly changed compared to the area without imperfections, as already described above.
- the roller spacing between the extrusion rollers 53 is preferably between 0.5 mm and 5 mm, more preferably between 50 ⁇ m and 200 ⁇ m. How already stated above, is the temperature of the melted
- Plastic material when pressed against the film 10 preferably between 60 ° C and 300 ° C, more preferably between 210 and 240 ° C.
- Plastic material 20 and the film 10 are adjusted accordingly so that, as set out above, preferably those described above are optically recognizable
- Changes in the film are brought about, in particular adjusted in such a way that by local arching and / or deformation of the film 10 in the area of the defect, by tearing the film 10, the one or more decorative layers 12 of the film 10 in the region of the defect, and / or by detachment of one or more
- Defects the defects are optically recognizable and in particular are optically recognizable by a depth effect and / or 3D effect and / or transparency effect.
- extrusion rollers 53 have one or more
- Have surface reliefs for example have a matt and / or glossy and / or embossed and / or brushed surface relief and by the corresponding profiling of one or both extrusion rollers 53, corresponding profilings are additionally embossed into the surfaces of the plastic part during the processing process.
- the extrusion rollers can have a surface that comes into contact with the plastic material
- At least one subsequent processing process is preferably carried out in order to reinforce, change or optimize the optical effects of the plastic part, to protect the material to be introduced, and to meet the requirements of special industries.
- Defects are introduced into the film 10, in particular into the carrier layer 11 and / or one or more of the decorative layers 12, during and / or before the extrusion process by a wide variety of types of preprocessing. This is preferably done before the film 10 and the plastic material 20 are brought together in the extrusion process.
- a basic possibility for introducing imperfections is to introduce predetermined breaking points in one or more layers of the film 10.
- the predetermined breaking points are introduced here through local mechanical damage or weakening of one or more layers of the film 10, in particular the carrier layer 11 and / or one or more of the decorative layers 12.
- Cutting tool or punching tool to sever one or more layers of the film 10 partially or completely in the area of the respective predetermined breaking point.
- the predetermined breaking point can be a punctiform lateral formation, in particular when a punching tool is used and / or have a linear lateral extent, in particular when a cutting tool is used.
- FIG. 4a An embodiment of a plastic part 1, during the production of which such defects 61 were introduced into the film 10, is shown in FIG. 4a:
- the plastic part 1 according to FIG. 4a has the film 10 with the carrier layer 11 and the one or more decorative layers 12, of which only one in FIG. 4a
- Decorative layer 12 is shown by way of example.
- the plastic part 1 also has this
- Processing process plastic material 20 reach the side of the plastic part 1 which is opposite the side on which the plastic material 20 is applied.
- the plastic material 20 can thus spread out at these points on the opposite surface of the plastic part 1, as a result of which the film 10 and in particular the decorative layer 12 is correspondingly bulged and / or frayed in the edge region of the imperfections 61, as also indicated in FIG thus corresponding local changes in the position and / or orientation of
- one or more layers of the film 10 can also be "weakened", for example by means of a scratching tool, for example processing by means of a wire frame, or also by means of irradiation and / or by means of chemical pre-processing as already explained above.
- the intensity of these processing steps is chosen so that the decorative layers 12 detach at the processed points and / or predetermined breaking points arise, which then lead to a corresponding tearing and / or severing of the layer package of the film 10 in this area and subsequently during the processing process lead to an optical recognizability of the defects caused thereby.
- the film 10 has larger penetrations (regular and / or irregular) so that the plastic material 20 can penetrate between the films 10 and no areas without a flaft composite can form.
- the film 10 is bent one or more times in such a way that one or more bending points are introduced into the film, in the area of which one or more layers of the film 10 are plastically deformed and / or broken and / or through bending Bending causes a local detachment of one or more decorative layers 12 from at least one adjacent layer of the film.
- Fig. 4b an embodiment is shown in which defects 62 in the form of bending points are introduced into the film 10, in the area of which one or more layers of the film 10 are plastically deformed by bending: Fig. 4b shows this
- the carrier layer 11 and the decorative layer 12 of the film 10 are plastically deformed by bending, so that one or more of the decorative layers 12 in their position and / or in the area of the bending points
- the bending points can be introduced here in particular by crumpling the film 10, by bending the film 10, by folding the film 10 and / or twisting the film 10.
- the bending points in this case preferably have a linear shape and can be adjusted accordingly through the selection of the bending tool, both with regard to their lateral extension and the one to be introduced
- Bending radius can be determined. Furthermore, it is also possible, through targeted feeding of the film 10, to achieve a corresponding introduction of bending points into the film 10, for example by iteratively changing the web tension
- Twisting of the film is effected by appropriate feeding.
- the plastic deformation caused by the imperfections 62 is “preserved” and “stabilized” accordingly by the plastic material 20. It is also possible that in the area of the bending points by the
- the plastic part 1 with the plastic material 20 and the film 10 comprising the carrier layer 11 and one or more
- Decorative layer 12 is shown:
- Plastic part 1 tilts, resulting in corresponding optical changes with regard to the reflective properties of the plastic part in this area.
- the film can be inserted into the
- Plastic material can be rotated mechanically one or more times around an axis, in particular the longitudinal axis. This can be done at different angles, which enables a different appearance of the defects introduced as a result in a subsequent rolling out of the material.
- the speed of the twisting and the throughput speed of the extrudate have an influence on the visual appearance of the imperfections caused by this.
- Decorative layers 12 changes and so shows a corresponding change in the visual appearance.
- a colored metallized film can be used as film 10, which is only colored on the front side by a further glazed decorative layer on the metal layer, so that the film has a gold-colored impression, for example, when viewed from the front in incident light and gives a silver metallic impression when viewed from the rear in incident light.
- the film 10 can be introduced flat and with uniform tension or with laterally varying tension / tension. By laterally varying tension / tension, it is possible, through appropriate interaction with the thermal conditions and / or the flow rate of the
- the tension and / or the tension of the film 10 can be varied manually and / or by means of appropriate mechanical film feeding devices. In particular, it is possible to modify the tension and / or the tension of the film 10 arbitrarily with manual intervention. Alternatively or in addition, it is also possible to modify the feed speed and / or the feed angle of the film by means of targeted control of a film feed device.
- corresponding servomotors or other actuators and control elements of the film feed device can be controlled with a corresponding program.
- This effect can further be achieved by a local melting of layers of the film 10 and / or a local floating and / or
- Pushing away layers of the film 10 are reinforced by the plastic material 20. It can also be varied in which position the film in the
- Plastic material 20 comes to rest, in particular, for example, in the middle of the plastic part 1, in its edge area or over the entire surface.
- the film 10 when the film 10 is introduced into the plastic material 20, the film can be fed in the most varied of ways:
- the film is loosely and wrinkled at the beginning and inserted under tension in the following phase, and this can be repeated iteratively accordingly.
- the film and the plastic material 20 are brought together in such a way that the film 10 lies on the front and / or rear side of the plastic material 20 and / or one or more times next to one another.
- foils 10 multiple times on top of the other
- Processing process the plastic material 20 is brought into contact with two or more foils 10 in the processing process.
- one film 10 is provided on the front and one on the back, and thus one
- Composite body consisting of the plastic material 20 and two or more, preferably enveloped by the plastic material 20 foils 10 is created.
- the additionally introduced material i. H. the one or more foils 10 and the introduction of the imperfections 61, 62 special optical effects, in particular a depth effect.
- the depth effect can be achieved by the different ways of introducing the imperfections 61, 62 and the different ways of introducing the film 10 in the Processing process vary. If the film 10 is positioned in the plastic part (rather) on the underside, this creates a much stronger depth effect than if the film 10 in the plastic part is (more) on the front.
- a depth effect in the form of a “folds” or a relief image with pronounced fleas and depths is preferred.
- the expression of the depth effect and / or 3D effect and / or transparency effect is brought about by the size and position change of partial areas of one or more of the decorative layers 12 in the area of the imperfections, which can be achieved by setting the strength of the bending, twisting and the strength and size of the introduced impurities can be locally strengthened or weakened.
- Plastic material 20 changes locally. This looks optically as if the decorative layer 12 or the decorative layers 12 were in areas in the plastic material
- the depth effect is also brought about by a real shadow cast inside the plastic part. If the plastic material 20 is selected to be transparent or translucent and the film is placed on the front of the plastic material, throws this casts a shadow on the layer of the plastic part lying on the back of the plastic material 20. Used in a further processing step
- the degree of glazing of the plastic material 20 also influences the optical depth effect. If the film 10 is completely on the surface of the plastic material 20
- the result is that the depth effect and shadow formation increase as the layer thickness of the plastic material 20 in the plastic part 1 increases.
- Coextrusion leads to a complete sheathing of the film 10, in particular the one or more decorative layers 12, and in particular leads to the following advantages:
- FIG. 5 illustrates the exemplary embodiment in which a film 10 comprising the carrier layer 11 and at least one decorative layer 12 is brought into contact with the plastic material 20 on both sides in the processing process.
- This is preferably achieved in that the extrusion process according to FIG. 3 is modified in such a way that the plastic material 20 before the film 10 runs into the nip of the extrusion rollers 53 not only on one side with the
- plastic material 20 consisting of ABS can be applied on one side and a plastic material 20 consisting of PC on the other side.
- the film 10 has, as the upper decorative layer 12, an elastic, in particular colored yellow, colored layer and, as the second, underlying decorative layer 12, an aluminum layer.
- the film 10 thus conveys a gold-metallic color impression when viewed from the front in incident light, and a silver-metallic color impression when viewed from the rear.
- This film 10 is cut, for example, with a cutting tool for introducing predetermined breaking points and, for example, by means of folding and / or
- the film 10 used is a film consisting of a deep-drawable PET film as the carrier layer 11, a translucent color layer as the first decorative layer 12 and a chrome layer as the second decorative layer 12 underneath.
- This film is introduced into the processing process according to FIG. 3 and is twisted several times during the introduction and during the extrusion process in order to introduce imperfections in the film 10. This is preferably done alternately from left to right in a range of the angle of rotation from 0 ° to 180 °, in a cycle of 3 seconds. After a period of approximately 12 seconds, the film 10 is turned once through 360 ° (that is, rotated twice through 180 °) and this sequence is then repeated iteratively. This is random or pseudo-random the
- the tension of the film 10 when it is introduced into the nip of the extrusion rollers 53 varies.
- the distance between the rollers is 0.5 mm, with a flow rate of the plastic material 20 of 4.8 m per minute.
- a translucent ABS is used here as the plastic material 20, which, as already explained above with reference to FIG. 3, is brought into contact with the film 10 in a melted and thus liquid state.
- Flaup extruder coextruded with another small extruder contains a transparent PC, which is applied to the plastic part with a thickness of 0.5 mm. This creates a plastic sheet made of several layers with a material thickness of 1 mm.
- the transparent PC forms the top layer of the extrudate and at the same time the film 10 is completely encased by the coextrusion and protected from external influences.
- the plastic part produced in this way is then assembled as sheet goods and screen-printed on the front, i.e. the front main surface, which is formed by the transparent PC plastic material, is printed over the entire surface with a solvent-based hybrid paint, in particular a glossy clear paint, and is thus protected.
- the thickness of this lacquer layer is preferably in the range between 1 ⁇ m and 20 ⁇ m, for example 10 ⁇ m.
- This lacquer layer is then printed again in pattern form by screen printing with a solvent-based hybrid lacquer, in particular a matt haptic lacquer.
- the layer thickness of this lacquer layer is preferably between 5 and 50 ⁇ m, more preferably between 20 ⁇ m and 25 ⁇ m.
- the full-surface glossy protective clear lacquer and the patterned matt haptic lacquer result in optically recognizable matt / gloss effects and tactile, rough / smooth effects.
- This plastic part has the plastic film 10 with the carrier layer 11 and the two decorative layers 12, the plastic material 20 made of a translucent ABS applied thereon in the processing according to FIG. 3, the substrate 30 coextruded thereon made of a transparent PC plastic material, the transparent lacquer layer printed thereon 32 and the lacquer layer 33 printed thereon.
- the upper decorative layer 12 is formed by a colored lacquer layer structured in the form of a decor and the lower decorative layer 12 is formed by a chrome layer.
- the layer made of the plastic material 20 has a layer thickness of, for example, 500 ⁇ m
- the substrate 30 has a layer thickness of, for example, 500 ⁇ m
- Lacquer layer 32 has, for example, a layer thickness of 20 ⁇ m
- lacquer layer 33 made of the matt haptic lacquer has, for example, a layer thickness between 20 ⁇ m and 25 ⁇ m.
- the film 10 and its carrier layer 11 as well as the decorative layers 12 have a layer thickness in the area already mentioned above and are thus made much thinner than the layer made of the plastic material 20. Due to the introduction of the imperfections, the decorative layers 12, as also illustrated with reference to FIGS. 4a to 4c, are correspondingly indicated in regions
- the decoration of the upper decorative layer 12 can be seen on the lower decorative layer 12 in certain areas and only the visual effect of the lower decorative layer 12 is visible in other areas.
- Chrome surface of the lower decorative layer 12 is also visually interconnected
- a plate 31 is first made of a
- the plates 31 preferably have a layer thickness of 750 ⁇ m.
- the lacquer layer 32 is
- the paint is preferably in a layer thickness of 1 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, preferably 5 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m, for example 10 ⁇ m.
- the paint is
- a lacquer layer 33 is then printed over the entire surface, which is preferably a full-area, matt and transparent protective lacquer layer.
- a solvent-based hybrid paint is preferably used as the paint.
- the lacquer is preferably printed in a layer thickness of 1 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, preferably 5 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m, for example 10 ⁇ m.
- the substrate 30 produced in this way is then deformed using a deep-drawing mold at a tool temperature of approximately 100 ° Celsius and a deformation temperature of approximately 140 ° Celsius. Processes such as milling and UV irradiation, trimming, cleaning, etc. are optionally carried out. In a subsequent step, as already explained above, in the film 10 with the carrier layer 11 and the one or more decorative layers 12,
- a decorative layer 12 formed from a chrome layer impurities introduced, for example by appropriate creasing, folding, cutting, punching, etc.
- the film 10 pretreated in this way is then provided on the edge in areas with an adhesive layer 40, for example polyimide stickers with a layer thickness of 50 ⁇ m, and thus attached to the back of the thermoformed substrate 30.
- an adhesive layer 40 for example polyimide stickers with a layer thickness of 50 ⁇ m, and thus attached to the back of the thermoformed substrate 30.
- the imperfections it is also possible for the imperfections to be introduced into the film 10 only after it has been fastened to the substrate 30 and / or the introduction of the imperfections to take place in the film 10 before and after the fastening. It is quite advantageous, for example, to introduce predetermined breaking points by means of a cutting tool only after the film 10 has been attached to the substrate 30.
- the substrate 30 is with the film 10 in a
- Injection mold inserted and back-injected with the plastic material 20, for example a transparent polycarbonate, at a mold temperature of 65 ° Celsius.
- the melted plastic material 20 is applied to the film 10 and by the prevailing during the injection molding process
- the predetermined breaking points are changed, as already mentioned above with reference to FIGS. 4a to 4c
- the film 10 is thus enclosed between the substrate 30 and the back-molded substrate, formed by the plastic material 20, and is, as already explained above, in its spatial position and during the injection molding process Alignment in the volume of the plastic material locally positioned differently.
- FIG. 7b shows the plastic part after the injection molding process has been carried out: the plastic part has on the
- the substrate 30 with the plate 31 and the lacquer layers 32 and 33 are on top. This is followed by the composite of plastic material 20 and film 10. As indicated in FIG. 7b, the spatial position and alignment of the carrier layer 11 and the one or more decorative layers 12 of the film 10 in the volume of the plastic material 20 are changed in the area of the imperfections, whereby the optical effects already explained above, in particular an optical depth effect, are generated.
- the plastic part produced in this way has a very strong optical depth effect and shadow effect. This is because the film 10 is distributed in the depth of the substrate consisting of the plastic material 20 and so the regions of the film 10 lying in the upper region of this substrate cast a shadow on the regions of the film 10 lying in the lower region of this substrate.
- Carrier layer 11 and the upper decorative layer 12 made of a translucent color layer, the plastic part can be used in the areas where there is no covering,
- the lighting effects can have different, novel appearances.
- the different positions of the film parts in the plastic material result in different ones
- the plastic part produced according to example 2 with the printed substrate 30 and the film 10 “flowing” in the plastic material 20 is individualized and / or personalized as the base material in a further processing step.
- Business cards are punched and / or lasered from the basic material, for example, in credit card format. Personalization then takes place by means of hot stamping and / or digital printing and / or
- the film 10 used is a film consisting of a deep-drawable PET film as the carrier layer 11, a translucent color layer as the first decorative layer 12 and an aluminum layer as the second decorative layer 12 underneath.
- the film thus has an orange-metallic or gold-colored appearance.
- the film 10 is fed manually to the extrusion process according to FIG. 3, a liquid, transparent PC being used as the plastic material 20, which, as already explained above with reference to FIG. 3, is brought into contact with the film 10 in a melted and therefore liquid state.
- the tension of the film when it is introduced into the roll gap between the two extrusion rolls 35 is varied randomly or pseudo randomly or not by chance.
- the plastic material 20 has a layer thickness of, for example, 750 ⁇ m.
- the distance between the rollers is 0.5 mm, with a flow rate of the plastic material 20 of 4.8 m per minute.
- the plastic part produced in this way is packaged as sheet goods 31 and screen printed on the back, that is to say on the rear
- Main surface of the plastic part which is formed by the transparent PC plastic material as well as by the metal orange foil, is screen-printed in a pattern with a colored lacquer 32, in particular with a solvent-based black lacquer, preferably printed twice.
- the lacquer is preferably printed on in a layer thickness of 1 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, preferably in a layer thickness of 5 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m, for example in a layer thickness of 10 ⁇ m.
- Plastic part which is formed by the transparent PC plastic material as well as by the metal orange foil, printed in pattern form in screen printing with a colored varnish, in particular with a solvent-based white varnish 33.
- the paint is preferably in a layer thickness of 1 pm to 20 pm, preferably in one
- Layer thickness from 5 pm to 15 pm, for example printed in a layer thickness of 10 pm.
- the plastic part produced in this way is then deformed using a deep-drawing mold at a tool temperature of about 80 ° C to 120 ° C, preferably 100 ° C and a deformation temperature of about 100 ° C to 180 ° C, preferably 140 ° C.
- a further film 10 in particular with a carrier layer 11 and decorative layers 12 arranged thereon, is provided.
- impurities are then introduced into this further film, for example similar to the orange-metallic film already mentioned above, for example by appropriate creasing, folding, cutting, punching, etc. It is also possible to use this further film without To introduce imperfections.
- the further film pretreated in this way is provided on the edge in areas with an adhesive layer, for example polyimide stickers with a layer thickness of about 50 ⁇ m, and thus on the back of the thermoformed
- Plastic part takes place. It is advantageous, for example, to introduce predetermined breaking points by means of a cutting tool only after the film has been attached to the plastic part.
- the plastic part with the further film is placed in an injection mold and at a mold temperature of about 40 ° C to 90 ° C, preferably 65 ° C with the plastic material, for example a
- Plastic part with the other film still flooded with polyurethane on the front.
- the melted plastic material is applied to the further film and to the plastic part and through the
- the further film is thus enclosed between the plastic part and the injected plastic material and is used during the
- FIG. 8b shows the plastic part after the injection molding process has been carried out: the plastic part has on the
- the substrate 30 with the plate 31 and the lacquer layers 32 and 33 are on top. This is followed by the composite of plastic material 20 and film 10. As indicated in FIG. 8b, the spatial position and alignment of the carrier layer 11 and the one or more decorative layers 12 of the film 10 in the volume of the plastic material 20 are changed in the area of the imperfections, whereby the optical effects already explained above, in particular an optical depth effect, are generated.
- the plastic part produced in this way has a very strong optical depth effect and shadow effect. This is because the film 10 is distributed in the depth of the substrate consisting of the plastic material 20 and so the regions of the film 10 lying in the upper region of this substrate cast a shadow on the regions of the film 10 lying in the lower region of this substrate.
- Carrier layer 11 and the upper decorative layer 12 made of a translucent color layer, the plastic part can be used in the areas where there is no covering,
- the decorative layers 12 located on the carrier layer 11 of the foil 10 are partially arranged with an injection-unstable adhesion promoter 16 (e.g. hot-melt adhesive) on the carrier layer 11, which in the desired design, pattern-like or flat on the foil, in particular on the the carrier layer 1 1 facing side of the decorative layers is applied. That is, this adhesion promoter layer is arranged between the carrier layer 11 and the decorative layers 12.
- injection unstable means that this bonding agent 16
- the injection-unstable adhesion promoter 16 is significantly less thermally and mechanically stable than areas of the decorative layer 12 without this injection-unstable adhesion promoter 16 therein
- the back of the film ie with the carrier material side, can be laminated onto a further carrier material 11, for example polycarbonate, PMMA or ABS.
- the points at which the injection-unstable adhesion promoter 16 is located are removed from the carrier material 20 and from the composite of
- Decorative layers 12 are released and can thus flow into the injected plastic material 11.
Landscapes
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102019110030.5A DE102019110030A1 (de) | 2019-04-16 | 2019-04-16 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines dekorierten Kunststoffteils sowie dekoriertes Kunststoffteil |
PCT/EP2020/060065 WO2020212234A1 (de) | 2019-04-16 | 2020-04-08 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines dekorierten kunststoffteils sowie dekoriertes kunststoffteil |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3956151A1 true EP3956151A1 (de) | 2022-02-23 |
Family
ID=70285674
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20718635.4A Withdrawn EP3956151A1 (de) | 2019-04-16 | 2020-04-08 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines dekorierten kunststoffteils sowie dekoriertes kunststoffteil |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3956151A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN113710498A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102019110030A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2020212234A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN114309740B (zh) * | 2021-12-24 | 2023-07-04 | 丝艾工业科技(海安)有限公司 | 一种降面铣削装饰件的制备方法 |
DE102023103549B3 (de) | 2023-02-14 | 2024-02-01 | Audi Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kunststoffbauteils mit unterschiedlichen Farbschichten und Polyurethanbeschichtung, Kunststoffbauteil, Kraftfahrzeug mit einem solchen Kunststoffbauteil und Beschichtungssystem für das Verfahren |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1646226B1 (de) * | 1966-04-07 | 1971-12-16 | Barnette Stanley Ronald | Verfahren zum Herstellen einer lichtdurchlaessigen und lichtstreuenden Kunstharzplatte |
US3961112A (en) * | 1974-08-02 | 1976-06-01 | Genevitz Roberta L | Luminous embossable tape |
JPS5260868A (en) * | 1974-11-13 | 1977-05-19 | Litton Business Systems Inc | Method of emboss treatment of film |
DE4331167C2 (de) | 1993-09-14 | 1995-06-14 | Aw Gmbh Kunststoff Farbkonzent | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Farbkonzentrates für die Verarbeitung in Kunststoffverarbeitungsmaschinen |
DE102005006074B4 (de) * | 2005-02-10 | 2009-12-10 | Leonhard Kurz Gmbh & Co. Kg | Dekorierter Spritzgussartikel und Verfahren zur Herstellung des dekorierten Spritzgussartikels |
US8187403B2 (en) * | 2008-09-19 | 2012-05-29 | Barton Nelson, Inc. | Method of producing solid decorated graphic arts objects |
US9616646B2 (en) * | 2010-07-15 | 2017-04-11 | Sun Chemical Corporation | Method for producing 3-D printed images |
JP5817167B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-25 | 2015-11-18 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 加飾成形品の製造方法、および加飾フィルム |
DE102017122429A1 (de) * | 2017-09-27 | 2019-03-28 | Novem Car Interior Design Gmbh | Formteil, insbesondere als Formteil ausgebildetes Dekorteil und/oder Verkleidungsteil für einen Fahrzeuginnenraum und ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines solchen Formteils |
-
2019
- 2019-04-16 DE DE102019110030.5A patent/DE102019110030A1/de active Pending
-
2020
- 2020-04-08 EP EP20718635.4A patent/EP3956151A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2020-04-08 WO PCT/EP2020/060065 patent/WO2020212234A1/de unknown
- 2020-04-08 CN CN202080029222.XA patent/CN113710498A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2020212234A1 (de) | 2020-10-22 |
CN113710498A (zh) | 2021-11-26 |
DE102019110030A1 (de) | 2020-10-22 |
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