EP3925061A1 - Machine électrique synchrone polyphasée à commutateur mécanique - Google Patents
Machine électrique synchrone polyphasée à commutateur mécaniqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP3925061A1 EP3925061A1 EP20703763.1A EP20703763A EP3925061A1 EP 3925061 A1 EP3925061 A1 EP 3925061A1 EP 20703763 A EP20703763 A EP 20703763A EP 3925061 A1 EP3925061 A1 EP 3925061A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- blades
- collector
- rotor
- blade
- phases
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 title description 9
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 84
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 69
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000005355 Hall effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000007853 Sarothamnus scoparius Species 0.000 description 1
- QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[Fe].[Nd] Chemical compound [B].[Fe].[Nd] QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012777 electrically insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
- H02K11/30—Structural association with control circuits or drive circuits
- H02K11/33—Drive circuits, e.g. power electronics
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
- H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
- H01R39/04—Commutators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
- H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
- H01R39/32—Connections of conductor to commutator segment
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K13/00—Structural associations of current collectors with motors or generators, e.g. brush mounting plates or connections to windings; Disposition of current collectors in motors or generators; Arrangements for improving commutation
- H02K13/006—Structural associations of commutators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K13/00—Structural associations of current collectors with motors or generators, e.g. brush mounting plates or connections to windings; Disposition of current collectors in motors or generators; Arrangements for improving commutation
- H02K13/04—Connections between commutator segments and windings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K13/00—Structural associations of current collectors with motors or generators, e.g. brush mounting plates or connections to windings; Disposition of current collectors in motors or generators; Arrangements for improving commutation
- H02K13/10—Arrangements of brushes or commutators specially adapted for improving commutation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
- H02K9/02—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine
- H02K9/04—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine having means for generating a flow of cooling medium
- H02K9/06—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine having means for generating a flow of cooling medium with fans or impellers driven by the machine shaft
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a mechanical switch for supplying a rotating electrical machine with a polyphase current system.
- the invention also relates to an electric machine equipped with such a switch for a motor vehicle.
- This electrical machine outside the automotive field comprises an axial eccentric collector on which rubs flexible tabs supplied with direct current.
- the machine also includes an eccentric rotor with a three-phase winding without iron.
- the electric motor can therefore run at very high speed without torque. Due to the absence of iron, such a machine does not present torque or armature reaction and is therefore not suitable for automotive traction.
- stator here the inductor
- armature comprising conductors forming the rotor winding.
- the armature comprises a mechanical collector provided with blades on which brushes rub to supply the armature with direct current.
- the brush / collector assembly forms a mechanical switch which allows the mechanical self-piloting of the winding supply.
- Each change in the angular position of the armature corresponds, thanks to the arrangement of the angular position of the blades and of the brushes, to a new supply of the winding.
- the positioning of the brushes and of the collector is fixed by the angular position of the field poles.
- stator In alternator mode, when the rotor is rotating, it induces a voltage at the stator which transforms it into electric current to then supply the electrical consumers of the vehicle and recharge the battery. In motor mode, the stator is electrically supplied and creates a rotating magnetic field and then a torque relative to the field poles, causing the rotor to rotate, for example to start the heat engine.
- Such a machine conventionally comprises a shaft, integral with the rotor, a rear end of which carries slip rings belonging to a collector. Brushes are arranged so as to rub on the slip rings.
- the brush holder is connected to a voltage regulator for use in alternator mode.
- the stator comprises a body formed by a stack of thin sheets
- phase windings are obtained for example from a continuous wire covered with enamel or from conductive elements in the form of pins connected together by welding.
- the coil is electrically connected to an electronic assembly by an input and an output. Unlike direct current electric machines, the windings are open.
- the electronic assembly includes electronic power modules for controlling the supply of the winding phases.
- Switching here is electronic and requires semiconductor inverters.
- the phases of the winding are conventionally supplied by an electronic inverter comprising 6 stages of MOSFET type power transistors, the control of which requires the rotor position data obtained at by means of different position sensors.
- 6 inverter arms each with MOFSET are required, twice as many as in the case of a three-phase supply.
- the position sensors can be Hall effect in the case of a synchronous machine with permanent magnets direct current ("BLDC" in English) whose power is toothed.
- the position sensors can also be of the resolver type, more expensive than Hall effect sensors, in the case of a synchronous machine with magnets
- the invention aims to effectively remedy this drawback by proposing a mechanical switch for an electrical machine capable of supplying power by a polyphase current system comprising q phases, with q positive integer strictly greater than 1, a rotating electrical machine rotor having 2 * magnetic poles, including:
- the mechanical switch is characterized in that the collector
- Such a switch allows the supply of electrical machines by a polyphase current system without an electronic converter so that the number of power electronic components and the associated cost is greatly reduced or even eliminated.
- Such an autopilot power supply also eliminates the need for a rotor position sensor.
- the angular offset between the brushes is from center to center, that is to say between the median planes of each brush.
- a brush may have a substantially parallelepipedal shape.
- the brushes can always be in contact with a blade.
- a brush may include a radially inner cylindrical surface in contact with the collector, in particular with the blades.
- the number of pairs of brushes is between 1 and p.
- the number of pairs of brushes may be equal to one or two for a machine with two pairs of poles. All pairs of brushes rub on the same blades. According to the invention, the number of palaces is therefore even.
- the brushes can rub in a radial direction on the collector.
- the switch is then said to be radial.
- the friction can be established in the axial direction
- the manifold may be cylindrical.
- the friction surface between the brushes and the collector is cylindrical.
- the manifold includes a fan.
- the fan may be made of a material
- the fan may be in action.
- the fan can be reaction.
- the fan may include a plurality of blades.
- the number of blades can be between 2 and 16, in particular 8, in particular 6 or 10 blades.
- the blades can be evenly distributed circumferentially.
- the blades can be distributed unevenly, for example from logarithmically. Uneven or variable space can make the system quieter.
- the blades can be curved.
- the blades can be curved so that the air circulates inwards.
- the blades can be curved so that the air circulates outwards.
- the blades can extend radially to the radial height of the blades.
- the blades can all be one piece.
- the blades can be separate pieces from each other.
- the collector can include a plurality of capacitors, each capacitor being mounted between two separate groups of blades.
- collector and the electrical machine in which it can be integrated have better durability and improved efficiency.
- the capacitors can be arranged axially on the opposite side to that of the fan.
- the blades are therefore arranged between the capacitors and the fan. This allows for more positioning latitude for each of the two functions.
- the fan and the capacitors can be on the same axial side with respect to the blades.
- At least one capacitor is mounted between two separate groups of blades.
- the collector includes at least q
- each capacitor comprises two
- armatures separated by a polarizable insulator.
- the two plates of the same capacitor are electrically connected to two separate groups of blades.
- the frames can be directly attached to the boards. Even though capacitors connect two groups of blades, the polarizable insulator makes it possible to respect the electrical insulation between the blades.
- a single capacitor is provided between two separate groups of blades.
- a plurality of capacitors can be provided between two groups of distinct blades. This plurality of capacitors can be arranged in series or in parallel between two groups of blades.
- the capacitors can be identical. Each capacitor may have a substantially parallelepipedal shape.
- Each capacitor may include a housing encapsulating the insulation
- all or part of the capacitors are axially offset from the blades. There is a plane normal to the axis of rotation that intersects the capacitors without cutting a blade.
- the collector comprises at least one capacitor between two blades of groups of different groups successive circumferentially.
- the collector then comprises at least p * q capacitors, in particular only p * q capacitors.
- each capacitor can be fixed on an axially oriented finger of one of the blades.
- the capacitor plates can be fixed directly to the fingers, in particular by soldering. Capacitors can only be attached to the fingers.
- the capacitors can all be arranged in a given angular sector, in particular less than 90 °, in particular less than 45 °.
- the capacitors can be arranged regularly over the entire circumference of the collector. The capacitors can all be circumferentially offset from each other.
- the capacitors can all be of a
- the collector may include a protective element for the capacitors.
- This protective element can be in one piece.
- This protection element may include several cavities receiving the capacitors. Alternatively, a single continuous circular cavity can receive the capacitors.
- the protection element can be formed of as many protective portions, distinct from each other, as there are capacitors.
- the fan and the protective element are [50] According to one aspect of the invention, the fan and the protective element
- the collector has p * q passages from one type of blade to another.
- the collector can include as many changes from one type of blade to another as there are capacitors in the second embodiment of the latter.
- the collector may have an electrical pattern
- the blades all have the same angular sector and / or the axial dimension. In particular, all the blades are identical.
- the blades may not be axially offset.
- the blades can be copper.
- the slats can have a radial thickness included between 1mm and 3mm, for example 2mm. This thickness makes it possible to reduce the volume density of the current in the blades.
- the blades can have an axial dimension between 8mm and 12mm, for example 10mm.
- the collector has a single circumferential arrangement of conductive plates around the axis.
- the skeleton can be made of an electrically insulating material, for example plastic.
- the skeleton can be in one piece.
- the skeleton can include radial openings, in particular n * p * q openings receiving the blades.
- the skeleton can be overmolded on the blades.
- the skeleton may include a central opening for receiving a rotor shaft.
- the manifold may include a sleeve disposed in the central opening of the skeleton and capable of being integral with the rotor shaft. The sleeve is fixed relative to the skeleton. The sleeve is more rigid than the skeleton so as to strengthen the connection between the collector and the rotor shaft.
- the ventilator may be integral with the skeleton.
- each pale can be attached to the skeleton.
- the ventilator can be integral and attached to the skeleton.
- q can be equal to 3.
- the switch is thus able to supply an electrical machine according to a three-phase current system.
- the friction zone between the brushes and the blades may be at a radial distance from the axis of between 20 mm and 45 mm, in particular 25 mm, in particular 35 mm.
- an angular sector on which a given part is defined is the smallest sector which comprises the given part in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the machine.
- the blades of the same group can all be electrically connected to a ring disposed radially inside the blades.
- each of the q capacitors can be placed between two separate rings.
- Such a ring makes it possible to mutualize the electrical connections between the blades of the same group, which simplifies the manufacture of the switch. As requested, the brushes do not rub on the rings but on the blades.
- a bridge can be provided between each blade and the associated ring.
- the bridges extend radially from the ring, in particular without axial offset from the ring.
- the bridges and the associated ring are in an interior space of the skeleton while the blades are flush outwards to come into electrical contact with the brushes.
- the blades of the same group, the bridges and the ring form a one-piece ring.
- the ring and the ring associated with the blades of group q are said to be of type q.
- a bridge can be shared by several blades, for example two.
- the collector comprises q link arms, each being integral with a ring, in particular by welding.
- Each arm has a free end capable of being connected to one phase, or to several phases, of the rotor winding in order to supply it or feed it.
- Each connecting arm opens, in particular radially, from the skeleton of the collector through a radial hole made in the skeleton.
- the capacitors are connected to the link arms of the q groups of blades.
- the capacitors can be arranged on the same axial side as the link arms with respect to the blades.
- Each frame can be directly attached to a free end of the link arm.
- each reinforcement can be fixed by means of a connecting piece, for example a metal wire, for example a piece of metal conductor.
- the rings of each group can follow one another axially.
- bridges of the same type q are offset from bridges of other types.
- the rings can be axially distributed over an axial length of the blade.
- each blade can be separated from the two adjacent blades by an inter-blade.
- the inter-blade is defined to prevent circumferential contact between two successive blades.
- each blade can thus be equal, in radians, to
- the angular opening of an inter-blade is less than the angular opening of one of the blades.
- the angular opening of an inter-blade may be greater than the angular opening of one of the blades.
- circumferential between two successive blades that is to say the circumferential dimension of the inter-blades, is chosen to avoid dielectric breakdown.
- the minimum dimension can be between 1.6mm and 2.4mm when the switch is powered at 48V.
- This dimension of the inter-blades makes it possible to avoid electric arcs between the adjacent blades while leaving sufficient space for the blades which simplifies the fabrication of the skeleton.
- This inter-blade dimension can also allow the continuity of the friction between the brushes and the blades.
- the minimum radial dimension of the collector is imposed by the number of blades and by the minimum dimension of the inter-blades to be observed.
- the angular opening of the slats can be identical to the angular opening of the inter-slats.
- Each blade and each inter-blade each extend over 2 * TT / (2 * p * q).
- the interblade can be insulating.
- the inter-blade can be an empty space between two successive blades.
- the inter-blade may include a non-conductive protuberance, in particular formed by the skeleton.
- one of the inter-blades in particular each inter-blade, may include an isolated blade.
- the insulated blade is not electrically connected to any other blade.
- the isolated blade is not connected
- the blade is said to be insulated in opposition to the conductive blades, electrically connected, which form the q groups.
- the inter-blades can be connected together forming a group of insulated blades under the same electrical potential conditions.
- the insulated blades can be fixed on an inter-blade ring.
- the inter-leaf ring can be arranged in the interior space of the skeleton.
- the inter-leaf ring may be radially outside the q-type rings.
- Insulated blades have a foot inserted into an opening in the inter-blade ring for securing the insulated blade.
- the inter-leaf ring may include windows for the passage of the bridges between the leaves of one of the q groups and the associated ring.
- the insulated blade is separated from the conductive blades by interstices. The gaps can be between 1mm and 5mm in the circumferential direction.
- the insulated blades are received in radial openings.
- the collector can then comprise 2 * n * p * q blades, the conductive blades being alternating with the insulated blades.
- the insulated blades are at floating potential.
- the angular opening of the insulated blades can be between 20 and 50%, in particular between 40% and 50% of the angular opening of the conductive blades.
- the insulated blades ensure a uniform contact between the collector and the brushes. Indeed the brushes rub almost continuously on the blades, isolated or conductive.
- the angular opening of each brush is
- each brush is always in contact with at least one blade.
- Each brush can be in simultaneous contact with at most two different groups of blades.
- the coverage rate can be the ratio between the difference between the angular opening of a brush and the angular opening of an inter-blade divided by the elementary pattern of the collector.
- the recovery rate can be between 10% and 55%.
- This recovery rate makes it possible to supply the rotor according to a polyphase current system, for example square waves, for example quasi-sinusoidal while maintaining the current of the voltage source at a non-zero mean value, of the same sign of current during time.
- the recovery is the period during which a given broom is in contact with two blades of different groups. During this overlap, the brush can thus feed two distinct groups of blades simultaneously.
- the simultaneous supply of two groups of blades for the same brush influences the form of a polyphase current system. The waveform of each phase is changed.
- the opening of the brushes can be chosen to get different form of current system. For a given collector, there can therefore be several current systems.
- the armature reaction is taken into account when defining the angular offset between the brushes. There is a risk of dissymmetry a case of angular offset different from that defined in the present invention
- the armature reaction is also taken into account when characterizing the recovery rate.
- the armature reaction is a function of the current system, itself a function of the recovery rate.
- the recovery rate will not be defined in the same way in the case of a machine that produces torque as in the case of a machine that without iron, not seeking to produce torque.
- the induced reaction is significantly different.
- the invention also relates to a mechanical switch for
- a rotating electrical machine rotor having 2 * magnetic poles comprising:
- each blade being defined on an angular sector, the adjacent blades being isolated from each other, the blades being distributed in q groups, all the blades of the same group being electrically connected together, the q groups being alternated circumferentially, and in that the collector comprises a fan. [95] Everything that has been said with reference to the fan also applies to this part of the invention.
- the invention also relates to a mechanical switch for
- a rotating electrical machine rotor having 2 * magnetic poles comprising:
- each blade being defined on an angular sector, the adjacent blades being isolated from each other, the blades being distributed in q groups, all the blades of the same group being electrically connected together, the q groups being alternated circumferentially, and in that the collector comprises a plurality of capacitors, each capacitor being mounted between two groups of distinct blades.
- the invention also relates to an electric machine which comprises:
- a rotor shaft i. a rotor shaft, and ii. a rotor body comprising:
- the winding being divided into q phases supplied by the switch, the phases comprising winding sections housed in the notches, the sections of each phase following one another circumferentially, each phase having two ends.
- Such a polyphase synchronous electric machine is economical because it avoids an expensive electronic assembly for the alternating current supply of the multiple phases of the machine from a direct current.
- the commutator in particular by the overlap rate and angular offset parameters of the brushes as defined above, makes it possible to obtain a machine which produces torque and which does not vibrate. Vibrations are particularly harmful in automotive vehicle propulsion applications.
- the rotor is cylindrical.
- Such a machine is particularly remarkable in that the rotor is supplied according to a polyphase current system and in that the stator is supplied with direct current.
- the rotor and the stator get their voltage and their current from a voltage source, for example the accumulator battery, so in direct and not in alternating.
- the brushes are also supplied with direct current, they are connected to the same voltage source. They are not connected to the phases of the rotor, they are the groups of blades which are connected to the q phases of the rotor. [105] According to one aspect of the invention, the fan can be arranged axially on the side of the rotor body.
- the ventilator can expand, at least by
- the fan can extend radially between the rotor shaft and the rotor body. This helps to stir the air inside the rotor body and cool the winding.
- the capacitors are axially on the side opposite the rotor body, particularly when they are directly attached to the blades.
- the machine can have a number of pairs of poles between 1 and 12.
- the machine can have 6 pairs of magnetic poles or 6 pairs of magnetic poles.
- the integer m here is the number of notches per pole and per phase, for example one, for example two.
- Each phase can have multiple conductors assembled together outside of the notches.
- These conductors can be pins, for example U-shaped, for example I-shaped. These pins can be inserted axially and then connected together. The pins allow better performance, especially in terms of engine torque.
- the number of notches can be one
- each plate is aligned with a median plane which equally separates the m notches of a q phases of one of the poles which follow one another.
- the phases of the winding can be connected to the blades of the collector, in particular to the collector rings, by means of the link arms.
- the brushes can be aligned
- stator poles axially with the stator poles.
- the stator can be clawed.
- the stator can include a winding, claws and inter-pole magnets, in particular made of ferrite which is a cheap material.
- the inter-polar magnets can also be made of Neodymium-Iron-boron to benefit from a
- each of the q groups of blades is electrically connected to one of the two ends of one of the q phases of the rotor, the other ends of the q phases are electrically connected together so as to form a star coil.
- harmonics of the signal up to harmonic 15 are all less than 12%, in particular 10%, in particular 8% of the value of the fundamental.
- the collector may also include a connector capable of electrically connecting the ends of the phases of the winding together.
- the connector can be disposed circumferentially next to the free ends of the link arms.
- the connector can open radially from the skeleton.
- the connector comprises q ends, in particular three, for each to receive each of the phase ends.
- each of the q groups of blades is electrically connected to two ends of two distinct phases of the q phases of the rotor so as to form a polygon winding.
- each phase of the rotor can be any phase of the rotor.
- Each phase of the winding can be connected to two connection arms.
- Each connection arm can be connected to two phases of the winding.
- the potential can be identical at both ends of each phase of the winding.
- the chopper is used to adjust the voltage and thus the power variator function.
- the chopper is not here an inverter which allows the generation of sinusoidal current signals.
- a rheostat can be provided in place of the chopper which makes it possible to completely extract the power electronics for supplying the electrical machine.
- the invention can also relate to an alternator comprising the electric machine.
- the invention may also relate to a system comprising the electric machine capable of operating in engine mode and in alternator mode.
- Figure 1 1 schematically illustrates the blades of the collector of Figure 9.
- Figure 15 illustrates a ring of the manifold of Figure 13.
- FIG. 1 There is schematically shown in Figure 1, in section, an electric machine 1.
- the machine 1 is suitable for equipping a traction system for a transport vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle.
- the machine comprises a rotor 3 movable in rotation about the axis X of rotation of the machine and a stator 4 fixed in rotation comprising 2 * magnetic poles.
- the rotor forms the armature and the stator forms the inductor of the machine.
- the rotor 3 comprises a rotor shaft 10 and a rotor body 11.
- a front bearing 13 and a rear bearing 14 are
- the rotor shaft 10 is mounted to rotate with respect to the housing 5, for example by means of rolling members mounted on the bearings 13, 14.
- the rotor 3 comprises a first drive member 20
- first drive member 20 are provided.
- the drive members 20, 21 are pulleys and the element 22 transmitting the movement is a belt.
- the rotor shaft can therefore be rotated by the rotational movement of the pulley 20.
- the pulley 20 is disposed on a first end of the shaft 14, called the front end.
- the shaft 14 has a second end, called the rear end, opposite to the front end.
- the stator 4 can be a claw stator.
- a stator can comprise two pole wheels in the form of annular flanges arranged transversely with respect to the rotor shaft 10.
- Each pole wheel can comprise on its outer periphery teeth in form of claws extending in a direction substantially parallel to the X axis.
- the teeth of one of the pole wheels are angularly offset with respect to the teeth of the other pole wheel so that the teeth of the two pole wheels alternately enter each other.
- the stator 4 also includes an excitation coil 24 mounted between the pole wheels. Magnets
- the excitation winding is supplied with a
- the rotor body 11 comprises a bundle of sheets, made of ferromagnetic material, comprising sheets stacked axially.
- the sheet package has (2 * p) * m * q axial extension slots.
- the rotor body 11 also comprises at least one winding 30, the winding being distributed in q phases.
- the phases comprise winding sections 31 housed in the notches, the sections of each phase succeeding one another circumferentially.
- Each phase has two ends 32.
- the notches are separated from each other by rotor body teeth.
- the phases of winding 30 can be connected in star or in
- the rotor has three phases a, b, c connected in a triangle, as illustrated in FIG. 2.
- each sheet may have an annular shape and include grooves arranged radially.
- the notches of the stacked sheets form the sheet bundle notches extending in a direction substantially parallel to the X axis.
- each phase a, b, c can have a single conductor forming the different winding sections.
- buns 35 formed by the coil 30 are arranged on either side of the packet of sheets.
- the machine 1 according to the example considered is particularly noteworthy in that it comprises a mechanical switch 40 to supply the q phases of rotor 3.
- the mechanical switch therefore supplies power.
- rotor 3 with a three-phase current system.
- Switch 40 is located inside the housing.
- the switch 40 comprises a manifold 41 movable in rotation about the axis X.
- the manifold will be described in more detail with reference to Figures 3 to 14.
- the manifold 41 is fixed in rotation on the rotor shaft 10 and together with rotor 3 forms the armature of machine 1.
- the switch 40 also comprises at least one pair of radial extension brushes, a positive brush 45 and a negative brush 46, able to rub on the collector 41.
- the brushes 45, 46 are fixed in rotation, they are each defined on an angular sector and they are connected to the same voltage source, here battery B of the vehicle. The brushes are therefore supplied with direct current.
- a chopper 48 is disposed between the brushes 45, 46 and the terminal B + of the battery B to adjust the voltage and act as a voltage variator.
- the brushes 45, 46 have a substantially parallelepipedal shape. Each brush has a radially inner cylindrical surface in contact with the collector 41.
- the machine 1 comprises a brush holder assembly 50 fixed in rotation in which the brushes 45, 46 are housed.
- the brush holder 50 carries the brushes.
- the brush holder 50 surrounds the collector 41.
- the brush holder is fixed to the housing, in particular to the rear part 5b of the housing.
- the brush holder can be fixed on the rear bearing 14 or directly on the cylinder head of the stator.
- Figures 3 and 4 show the switch 40 and the rotor winding 30 unwound.
- the collector 41 comprises n * p * q blades
- Each blade 60 is defined on an angular sector, the adjacent blades are isolated from each other.
- the conductive blades are divided into q groups, here three groups a ’, b’, c ’. All the blades 60 of the same group a ’, b’, c ’are electrically connected together and the three groups are alternated circumferentially.
- the collector 41 has an elementary pattern of blades which is repeated p times, here two.
- the elementary pattern of blades is here: blade of group a ', blade of group b' and blade of group c '.
- the collector 41 has p * q passages, here 6, from one type of blade to another.
- the type of a blade is defined by membership in a group.
- the collector thus presents an elementary pattern equal to 2 * TT / (p * q), ie TT / 3 OR again 60 °.
- each of the three groups a ', b', c 'of blades is electrically connected to one of the two ends 32 of one of the three phases a, b, c of rotor 3.
- the other ends 32 of the three phases are electrically connected together so as to form a star coil.
- the rotor may have two notches per
- Each of the six manifold blades is aligned with a rotor body tooth.
- Each of the notches in which a section belonging to a phase of type q is housed is axially aligned with a blade of the collector 41 of the same type.
- all the blades all have the same angular sector and the same axial dimension.
- all the blades 60 are identical and are not axially offset.
- the blades 60 can be made of copper.
- the blades 60 may have a radial thickness of between 1 mm and 3mm, for example 2mm.
- the blades can have an axial dimension between 8mm and 12mm, for example 10mm.
- the switch comprises a single pair of brushes 45, 46 still in contact with the blades 60. Two pairs of brushes could have been considered because the number of pairs can be between 1 and p.
- the brushes of the pair shown are circumferentially offset from each other by
- the brushes can therefore be offset by an angle of TT / 2 OR 3TT / 2, here the brushes 45, 46 are offset by TT / 2.
- the angular offset between the brushes 45, 46 is from center to center, that is to say between the median planes A of each brush.
- each blade 60 is separated from the two adjacent blades 60 by an insulating inter-blade 62.
- the angular opening of each interblade 62 is identical.
- each blade 45, 46 is greater than the angular opening of the inter-blades 62.
- each blade is always in contact with at least one blade and with two blades during the recovery phases.
- Figure 7 illustrates an armature of machine 1 whose collector is described in detail in Figures 5 and 6.
- the phases of the winding are connected in a star.
- Figure 5 shows the groups of blades a ’, b’, c ’of collector 41.
- FIG. 6 represents the complete collector with in particular a skeleton 65 of the visible collector.
- the blades 60 of the same group a ', b', c ' are all electrically connected to a ring disposed radially inside the blades.
- the collector comprises a ring of type a 70 for connecting together the blades 60 of group a ', a ring of type b 71 and a ring of type c 72.
- the rings 70, 71, 72 follow one another axially.
- the type b bushing is central and the type a and type c bushes are end points.
- the rings are axially distributed over an axial length of the blade 60.
- a bridge 75 is provided between each blade 60 and the associated ring 70, 71, 72.
- Each bridge is associated with a single blade 60.
- the bridges 75 extend radially from the rings without offset axial.
- the bridges 75 of the central b-type ring 71 are connected to a central area of the blades 60.
- the bridges 75 of the end rings 70, 72 are connected to corners of the blades 60.
- the bridges and rings are in an interior space of the skeleton 65 while the blades 60 are flush outwardly to come into electrical contact with the brushes.
- the blades 60 of the same group a ’, b’, c ’, the bridges 75 and the ring 70, 71, 72 form a one-piece ring.
- the skeleton 65 made of insulating material, for example plastic, of revolution about the X axis to hold the blades 60 in position.
- the skeleton is substantially cylindrical in shape.
- the skeleton 65 is here in one piece.
- the skeleton includes fifteen radial openings 67 receiving the blades 60.
- the skeleton includes a central opening 68 receiving the rotor shaft 10.
- the manifold 41 also includes a central hub 69 for the passage of the rotor shaft.
- the skeleton is fixed on the central hub, for example overmolded on the central hub 69.
- the collector 41 comprises three link arms 80, each being integral with one of the rings 70, 71, 72.
- Each link arm comprises a portion made integral with the rings and a portion comprising the free end 81. The two portions are fixed to one another, for example by welding.
- Each free end 81 is connected to a phase of winding a, b, c to supply it.
- Each link arm 80 opens
- Each group of blades a ’, b’, c ’thus feeds a single phase of the 3 phases of the rotor.
- the collector 41 also includes a
- the connector 90 for electrically connecting together the ends 32 of phases a, b, c.
- the connector 90 also includes link arms which alternate with the link arms integral with the rings.
- the connector 90 opens out radially from the skeleton 65.
- the connector comprises three ends 91, each to receive each of the phase ends 32.
- each phase a, b, c comprises one end 32 connected to a link arm 80 and one end connected to the connector 90.
- the collector 41 also comprises fifteen
- each plate is associated with only a single capacitor.
- the capacitors 100 can all be
- Each capacitor 100 has a substantially parallelepipedal shape. Each capacitor comprises two plates 101 separated by a polarizable insulator. Each capacitor 100 includes a housing 102 encapsulating the polarizable insulation and part of the armatures.
- each capacitor 100 may have an electrical capacity of between 1 and 100 microfarads, for example 20 microfarads.
- the capacitors 100 are all on the same axial side with respect to the blades 60. Each capacitor 100 is directly attached to a finger 103 of axial orientation of one of the blades 60.
- the armatures 101 can be attached directly to the fingers, in particular by welding.
- the capacitors are all at the same radial level as the blades 60.
- the collector also includes a protective element 110 of the capacitors.
- This protective element is here in one piece and comprises several cavities 1 1 1 each receiving one of the
- the collector 41 also includes a
- the fan 115 in one piece and made of an insulating material, in particular plastic.
- the fan is integral with the skeleton 65.
- the fan 1 15 comprises eight blades 1 16 regularly distributed circumferentially.
- the blades 1 16 are here curved and they deploy radially up to the height of the blades.
- the fan 115 is arranged axially next to the blades, on the opposite side to that of the capacitors 100.
- the blades 60 are therefore arranged between the capacitors 100 and the fan 115.
- the capacitors 100 are axially on the side opposite to the rotor body 1 1 while the fan 1 15 is disposed axially on the side of the rotor body 1 1.
- the fan extends, at least in part, in an interior space of the rotor body 11.
- the fan 115 extends radially between the rotor shaft and the rotor body.
- the capacitors are in a different embodiment. Only three capacitors are provided, each one is mounted between two groups of separate blades.
- the housings 102 of the capacitors are fixed on an axially oriented face of the skeleton, preferably opposite the rotor body 11.
- the capacitors 100 are connected to the link arms 80 of the q groups of blades 60.
- Each armature 101 is fixed here by means of a link piece 1 18, for example a metal wire low resistance, for example a copper wafer.
- the capacitors 100 are all arranged in a given angular sector, in particular less than 90 °, in particular less than 45 ° and they are arranged one above the other radially closer to the axis than the blades 60.
- the collector therefore has an elementary pattern equal to 2 * TT / (p * q), that is to say TT / 1 2 OR again 15 °.
- each inter-blade 62 includes an insulated blade 63 which is not electrically connected to any other blade.
- the blades 63 are said to be insulated in opposition to the electrically connected conductive blades 60 which form the three groups of blades.
- the insulated blades are at floating potential.
- the insulated blades 63 are separated from the conductive blades 60 by interstices 64 which can measure between 1mm and 5mm in the direction
- the angular opening of the insulated blades 63 is between 40% and 50% of the angular opening of the conductive blades 60.
- the collector comprises 48 blades, 24 blades
- the collector 41 has p * q passages, here 24
- the collector 41 has an elementary pattern of blades which is repeated p times, here eight times.
- the elementary pattern of blades is here: blade of group a ', blade of group a', blade of group b ', blade of group b', blade of group c 'and blade of group c' (a ', b', vs').
- the skeleton 65 holds the blades 60, 63 in
- the skeleton is substantially cylindrical in shape.
- the skeleton 60 is here in one piece.
- the skeleton comprises 48 radial openings 67 receiving the blades 60, 63.
- the skeleton comprises a central opening 68 receiving the rotor shaft 10.
- the manifold 41 also comprises a central hub 69. for the passage of the rotor shaft.
- the skeleton is fixed on the central hub, for example overmolded on the central hub 69.
- FIG. 10 is an exploded view of the collector of Figure 9.
- the insulated blades are fixed to a ring
- the inter-leaf ring 73 is disposed in the interior space of the skeleton 65.
- the inter-leaf ring 73 radially outside the rings 70, 71, 72.
- the insulated leaves 63 comprise a foot 74 inserted into an opening of the inter-blade ring by the fixing of the insulated blade.
- the inter-leaf ring 73 includes windows 76 for the passage of bridges 75 between the blades 60 of group b and the ring 72 which is in the central position.
- the bridges 75 of the b-type ring 78 pass through the interblade ring 73.
- Figure 11 shows in section the conductive blades 60 of the collector 41.
- the angular opening b of the inter-blades 62 is
- An elementary pattern of the collector is a plate followed by an inter-plate, the elementary pattern of the collector is equal to 15 °.
- the elementary pattern of the collector is always equal to 15 ° but the sizes of the blades 60 and of the inter-blades 62 are different.
- the opening of the inter-blades a is equal to 20% of the elementary pattern, i.e. 3 °, in that the opening of the brushes q is equal to 45% of the elementary pattern, i.e. 6.75 °, and in that l 'opening of the blades b is equal to 80% of the elementary pattern of the collector, i.e. 12 °
- the switch 40 comprises a single pair of brushes 45, 46 still in contact with the blades 60.
- the brushes of the pair are a single pair of brushes 45, 46 still in contact with the blades 60. The brushes of the pair
- each brush 45, 46 therefore has overlap periods during which it is in contact with two blades 60 of different groups a, b, c.
- a bridge 75 is associated with a single blade.
- n 2 and two blades of the same type follow one another circumferentially, a bridge can be shared by the two blades.
- the angular opening of the inter-blades 62 is equal to that of the blades.
- the angular opening of each blade and each inter-blade is equal to 5 degrees, ie 2 * TT / 72.
- FIG. 15 represents the central ring 78 associated with the group of blades b.
- each phase a, b, c is connected to two
- the collector 41 has p * q passages, here 18, from one type of blade to another.
- the collector 40 has an elementary pattern of blades which is repeated p times, here 6.
- the elementary pattern is here: blade of group a ', blade of group b' and blade of group c '(a', b ', c' ).
- the collector 40 considered here differs from that of the previous ones in that it does not include a connector.
- the collector only comprises 3 link arms 80 which each receive two phase ends 32.
- the ends 32 are for example fixed by welding.
- Each phase a, b, c is therefore connected to two link arms 80 and each link arm 80 is connected to two phases of the coil.
- the potential is identical at the two ends 32 of each phase a, b, c.
- the recovery rate according to this variant can be between 10% and 55%.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
- Dc Machiner (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1901359A FR3092712A1 (fr) | 2019-02-12 | 2019-02-12 | Machine électrique synchrone polyphasée à commutateur mécanique |
FR1907211A FR3098043A1 (fr) | 2019-06-28 | 2019-06-28 | Machine électrique synchrone polyphasée à commutateur mécanique |
FR1907210A FR3098044A1 (fr) | 2019-06-28 | 2019-06-28 | Machine électrique synchrone polyphasée à commutateur mécanique |
PCT/EP2020/053605 WO2020165252A1 (fr) | 2019-02-12 | 2020-02-12 | Machine électrique synchrone polyphasée à commutateur mécanique |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3925061A1 true EP3925061A1 (fr) | 2021-12-22 |
Family
ID=69468581
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20703763.1A Withdrawn EP3925061A1 (fr) | 2019-02-12 | 2020-02-12 | Machine électrique synchrone polyphasée à commutateur mécanique |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3925061A1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN113474978A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2020165252A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE767688C (de) * | 1934-05-29 | 1953-03-30 | Siemens Schuckertwerke A G | In der Umlaufrichtung des Stromwenders unterteilte Feinschichtbuerste elektrischer Maschinen |
DE19829070A1 (de) * | 1998-06-30 | 2000-01-05 | Atlas Copco Electric Tools | Rotationsmaschine |
US6169348B1 (en) * | 1998-12-30 | 2001-01-02 | Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd. | Flat type two-phase vibration motor |
CN1092410C (zh) * | 1999-03-15 | 2002-10-09 | 东京零件工业股份有限公司 | 偏心转子和有该转子的扁平型振动电机及该转子制造方法 |
JP4250823B2 (ja) * | 1999-09-16 | 2009-04-08 | アイシン精機株式会社 | 直流ブラシモータ |
DE10106119A1 (de) * | 2001-02-08 | 2002-09-19 | Schunk Metall & Kunststoff | Stromübertragungsanordnung |
DE102004003146B4 (de) * | 2003-01-22 | 2023-08-24 | Aisan Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Motor, Kraftstoffpumpe, Kommutator und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kommutators |
FR2867628B1 (fr) * | 2004-03-09 | 2006-06-30 | Arvinmeritor Light Vehicle Sys | Moteur electrique avec disositif anti-parasitage |
DE102007014507A1 (de) * | 2007-03-27 | 2008-10-02 | Vorwerk & Co. Interholding Gmbh | Elektromotor mit einem Rotor und einem Stator |
DE102008042156A1 (de) * | 2008-09-17 | 2010-03-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Sechspolige Gleichstrommaschine |
JP2011244564A (ja) * | 2010-05-17 | 2011-12-01 | Nippon Densan Corp | モータ |
DE102011106686B4 (de) * | 2011-07-06 | 2013-06-27 | Brose Fahrzeugteile GmbH & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft, Würzburg | Kommutator für eine rotierende elektrische Maschine, Spreizkörper sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kommutators |
JP6518118B2 (ja) * | 2015-04-21 | 2019-05-22 | 株式会社Soken | ブラシ付き回転電機およびその製造方法 |
EP3171497A1 (fr) * | 2015-11-19 | 2017-05-24 | Lakeview Innovation Ltd. | Électromoteur cc à commutation à balais bipolaires |
FR3062252B1 (fr) * | 2017-01-20 | 2019-11-22 | Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur | Machine electrique tournante de traction pour vehicule automobile a commutation de flux |
-
2020
- 2020-02-12 EP EP20703763.1A patent/EP3925061A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2020-02-12 CN CN202080014028.4A patent/CN113474978A/zh active Pending
- 2020-02-12 WO PCT/EP2020/053605 patent/WO2020165252A1/fr unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2020165252A1 (fr) | 2020-08-20 |
CN113474978A (zh) | 2021-10-01 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
FR2852461A1 (fr) | Stator pour machine dynamo-electriques | |
FR2854003A1 (fr) | Ensemble de stator pour machine dynamoelectrique | |
FR2889000A1 (fr) | Machine electrique rotative du type en tandem pour vehicule | |
EP3104501B1 (fr) | Rotor pour machine electrique tournante | |
FR2865322A1 (fr) | Machine dynamoelectrique a courant alternatif | |
FR2947115A1 (fr) | Machine dynamoelectrique | |
EP3602755A1 (fr) | Machine électrique tournante à configuration optimisée | |
FR2857518A1 (fr) | Machine dynamoelectrique a rotor a poles a griffes a deux bobines et dephasage du stator | |
WO2005029679A1 (fr) | 'machine électrique tournante polyphasée telle qu'un alternateur ou alterno-démarreur, notamment pour véhicule automobile'. | |
FR2878660A1 (fr) | Generateur de courant alternatif de vehicule a moteur comportant un rotor incorporant un enroulement de champ et des aimants permanents | |
EP2078332B1 (fr) | Rotor a griffes muni d'éléments ferromagnetiques interpolaires de largeur optimisée et machine tournante equipée d'un tel rotor | |
FR3051295A1 (fr) | Machine electrique tournante a puissance augmentee | |
EP3925061A1 (fr) | Machine électrique synchrone polyphasée à commutateur mécanique | |
FR2857517A1 (fr) | Machine dynamoelectrique rotor avec poles a griffes a deux bobines et enroulement statorique a cinq phases | |
WO2022003190A1 (fr) | Machine électrique synchrone équipée d'un commutateur mécanique | |
FR3098044A1 (fr) | Machine électrique synchrone polyphasée à commutateur mécanique | |
FR3098043A1 (fr) | Machine électrique synchrone polyphasée à commutateur mécanique | |
EP0072283B1 (fr) | Moteur électrique, notamment pour l'entraînement d'une pompe hydraulique à engrenages | |
FR3092712A1 (fr) | Machine électrique synchrone polyphasée à commutateur mécanique | |
EP3763018B1 (fr) | Machine électrique tournante à bobinage fractionné | |
FR2873870A1 (fr) | Procede et appareil pour supprimer le bruit electrique dans un ensemble rotor pour une machine electrique | |
WO2018158517A1 (fr) | Rotor de machine électrique tournante munie d'au moins un roulement à ventilateur intégré | |
FR3056833B1 (fr) | Machine electrique tournante equipee de deux bobinages | |
WO2018020188A1 (fr) | Machine electrique tournante munie d'un stator avec un bobinage epingle | |
WO2021099023A1 (fr) | Rotor pour machine électrique tournante |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20210705 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
DAV | Request for validation of the european patent (deleted) | ||
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20230901 |