EP3924157B1 - Method for applying glue to wood chips - Google Patents

Method for applying glue to wood chips Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3924157B1
EP3924157B1 EP20700779.0A EP20700779A EP3924157B1 EP 3924157 B1 EP3924157 B1 EP 3924157B1 EP 20700779 A EP20700779 A EP 20700779A EP 3924157 B1 EP3924157 B1 EP 3924157B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
glue
evaluation unit
dispersing
account
unit
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EP20700779.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3924157A1 (en
EP3924157C0 (en
Inventor
Jochem Berns
Dieter Aengenvoort
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Siempelkamp Maschinen und Anlagenbau GmbH and Co KG
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Siempelkamp Maschinen und Anlagenbau GmbH and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N1/00—Pretreatment of moulding material
    • B27N1/02—Mixing the material with binding agent
    • B27N1/029—Feeding; Proportioning; Controlling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N1/00—Pretreatment of moulding material
    • B27N1/02—Mixing the material with binding agent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/24—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with means, e.g. a container, for supplying liquid or other fluent material to a discharge device
    • B05B7/26—Apparatus in which liquids or other fluent materials from different sources are brought together before entering the discharge device
    • B05B7/28—Apparatus in which liquids or other fluent materials from different sources are brought together before entering the discharge device in which one liquid or other fluent material is fed or drawn through an orifice into a stream of a carrying fluid
    • B05B7/32—Apparatus in which liquids or other fluent materials from different sources are brought together before entering the discharge device in which one liquid or other fluent material is fed or drawn through an orifice into a stream of a carrying fluid the fed liquid or other fluent material being under pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • B27N3/18—Auxiliary operations, e.g. preheating, humidifying, cutting-off

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the gluing of comminuted lignocellulosic particles in the course of the production of material panels, wherein a glue that can be hardened by temperature and/or the addition of hardeners and comprises at least one formation of colloids is brought to a dispersing unit via a volume flow-adjustable conveyor and conveyor lines, in which the glue is homogenized by means of a crushing device and a mixing device and is finally conveyed via conveying lines to nozzle arrangements which spray the glue onto the particles in a mixing chamber.
  • Material panels are now made from different crushed lignocellulosic particles and for different requirements. Closely related material panels are so-called chipboard and so-called fiberboard. Despite their relatively close relationship, there are still significant differences in the manufacturing process, and technological knowledge is not readily transferrable from one manufacturing process to another.
  • Dispersing units work according to the rotor-stator principle with high shear gradients. They are also referred to as a homogenizer.
  • the dispersing unit has an inlet and an outlet for the glue.
  • the glue is accelerated very strongly by an inner rotor ring, in order to then be braked and sheared on a stator ring. In this way, solids and/or droplets are effectively broken up and distributed homogeneously.
  • the extremely fine distribution of solids (suspensions) and liquids (emulsions) in the supplied glue is brought about by an elaborately coordinated interaction of various crushing processes. At the same time, the centrifugal force in the rotor causes the container contents to circulate. Solids and/or droplets are reliably crushed and distributed homogeneously.
  • such dispersing units have essentially been used in the course of the production of fiberboard, in order to disperse mechanical impurities and reaction products that have not been completely dissolved.
  • the problem associated with this glue for wetting the wood chips is that the glue changes its consistency and reactivity so quickly as a result of the dispersion that it already reacts in the pipelines, nozzles and mixing chambers, i.e. before the subsequent panel pressing process, in an undesired manner and hardens at least partially and sticks to the walls.
  • a glue for wetting lignocellulosic particles, in particular wood chips is to ensure sufficient viscosity and reactivity for the production of the material panels.
  • the object is achieved in that the conveyed amount of glue is determined and assigned to a speed of the dispersing unit in an evaluation unit, and this speed is then set.
  • the speed of the dispersing unit is changed and set as automatically as possible with a control program.
  • the speed of the dispersing unit is then primarily responsible for the intensity of the reactivity of the glue.
  • the reactivity of the glue is closely related to the pH change that it undergoes as a result of the treatment in the dispersing unit.
  • an optimal setting for the ratio of reactivity was possible in each case to be set at an open time.
  • the optimal setting can even be used to save at least 10% of the amount of glue that is required in conventional processes.
  • the glue changes its reactivity by adjusting the speed in such a way that finally sufficient adhesion of the chips is ensured during pressing.
  • the invention assumes that the parameters of the production process have been incorporated into the method as the basis for the settings. These include, for example, the layer thickness that the glued chips should form and the production speed. If these parameters are changed, the chip throughput and thus the glue throughput will of course also change, which would immediately lead to different reactivities of the glue if the speed of the dispersing unit remained the same.
  • the data is stored in the evaluation unit and can be assigned to the most suitable speed of the disperser.
  • the method is preferably used for chip gluing.
  • the amount of glue fed is determined, for example, by adjusting the glue feed device (e.g. the speed a feed pump) or by measuring devices for volume flow measurement.
  • a direct assignment of the glue flow rate and the speed of the rotor of the dispersing unit is stored in the evaluation unit. This is determined in advance empirically or by mathematical calculation methods. The speed increases with increasing flow rate in order to achieve the same degree of homogenization. Other influencing factors can also be taken into account, so that a multivariate evaluation can be provided.
  • the ambient temperature determined via at least one temperature sensor is also taken into account in the evaluation unit.
  • the amount of hardener also determines the setting process.
  • the change in viscosity over time with a hardener is nowadays calculable and can be included in the allocation of glue quantity to the speed of the disperser.
  • the addition of the amount of hardener can also be controlled and/or regulated taking into account the data present and/or determined in the evaluation unit.
  • the data stored in the evaluation unit takes into account whether the glue to be dispersed is intended for a middle layer or a top layer.
  • the layers of wood-based panels require different amounts of glue and possibly even different reaction behavior. For example, this can simply be due to the fact that the ratios of the layer thicknesses of middle layers and top layers differ. In addition, different chip sizes can be used in the middle layer than in the top layer.
  • relatively thick middle layers understandably also require more glue in order to achieve the desired strengths.
  • Providing the middle layer with the same homogenized glue as, for example, relatively thin cover layers means that the glue in the middle layer of a wood fiber board is less reactive than in the cover layers, to which a hot press belt is usually also fed. Such an imbalance would be extremely undesirable. Therefore it makes sense to specify in the evaluation unit whether the glue is homogenized for a middle or top layer. Of course, this statement applies analogously to relatively thick top layers and a thin middle layer vice versa.
  • the glue for the top layers and the middle layer is produced separately, so that the glue has the right consistency and reactivity in the manufacturing process of the wood-based panel.
  • An infrared or near-infrared sensor which is preferably used, is particularly suitable as the measuring device.
  • the invention is based on the 1 , an exemplary schematic diagram, explains the process in more detail.
  • FIG. 1 shows a pump 2 for the binder or glue with which lignocellulosic particles 10 fed to a mixing chamber 5 are sprayed via a nozzle arrangement 6 in the mixing chamber 5.
  • FIG. The nozzle arrangement 6 can be single-component or multi-component nozzles.
  • the pressure in a nozzle can range up to that of high pressure nozzles (about 60 to 100 bar) to break up the glue or binder into very fine droplets.
  • the nozzles can be controlled and regulated individually, possibly even independently of one another.
  • the path of the glue runs from the pump 2 via the delivery lines 15c and 15a to the nozzle arrangement 6. On the way hardener can be metered into the glue from a reservoir 3 via a pump 4.
  • the link between the conveying lines 15c and 15a is the dispersing unit 1, which is driven by the motor 7.
  • Dispersing units work according to the rotor-stator principle with high shear gradients. They are also referred to as a homogenizer.
  • the dispersing unit has an inlet at the end of the conveying line 15c and an outlet for the glue at the beginning the delivery line 15a.
  • the glue is very strongly accelerated by an inner rotor rim, not shown, in order to then be decelerated and sheared at a stator rim, also not shown. In this way, solids and/or droplets are effectively broken up and distributed homogeneously.
  • the extremely fine distribution of solids (suspensions) and liquids (emulsions) in the supplied glue is brought about by an elaborately coordinated interaction of various crushing processes.
  • the reactivity of the glue can be influenced by the speed of the rotor. This speed adjustment can be used very profitably because the throughput of particles 10 can fluctuate or vary as desired for different products, thicknesses and individual layers in the material panel to be produced.
  • speeds are stored in an evaluation unit 8 , one of which is selected as a function of various measured parameters and passed on to the motor 7 via a controller 9 and the control line 13 .
  • the various parameters are queried and compared with the assignment to the rotor speed to be set, in order to then set the engine speed.
  • the most important parameter is the conveyed amount of glue. Its measure can be determined, for example, via the speed of the pump 2 and passed on to the evaluation unit via a signal line 14c. Of course, other measuring methods and measuring devices can also be used as an alternative within the scope of the invention.
  • Another important parameter is the amount of hardener that may be added to the glue. This can also be metered, for example, via the hardener pump 4, with the set value also being transferred to the evaluation unit 8 via the signal line 14a.
  • the ambient temperature in 1 is brought to the evaluation unit via a temperature sensor 12 and the signal line 14b can be an influencing parameter.
  • the glue just delivered is used for a top layer or a middle layer.
  • This parameter can be significant because different reactivities of the glue may be required. So it is possible to use the in 1 illustrated plant in multiple copies for different tasks, so provide for example for top and middle layers of the material panel.
  • Chemical and/or physical properties of the glue, at least downstream of the dispersing unit 1 can be recorded via a measuring device 11 as parameters that are often very decisive.
  • the measured values are forwarded to the evaluation unit via the signal line 14d.
  • a measuring device 11 with an IR sensor or specifically a near-infrared sensor has proven to be the most suitable.
  • the urea and/or formaldehyde concentration as well as the solids content and the buffer capacity can be precisely recorded using automated FTIR spectrometers. This Values change with the speed of the dispersing unit 1 and influence the reactivity and viscosity of the glue.
  • the measuring device can also be used with multivariate evaluation or as a cyclically measuring and evaluating device.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
  • Debarking, Splitting, And Disintegration Of Timber (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Beleimung von zerkleinerten lignocellulosischen Partikeln im Zuge der Herstellung von Werkstoffplatten, wobei ein durch Temperatur und/oder Zugabe von Härtern aushärtbarer, wenigstens eine Ausbildung von Kolloiden umfassender Leim über eine volumenstromverstellbare Fördereinrichtung und Förderleitungen zu einer Dispergiereinheit verbracht wird, in der der Leim mittels einer Zerkleinerungseinrichtung und einer Mischeinrichtung homogenisiert wird und schließlich über Förderleitungen zu Düsenanordnungen gefördert wird, die den Leim in einer Mischkammer auf die Partikel sprühen.The invention relates to a method for the gluing of comminuted lignocellulosic particles in the course of the production of material panels, wherein a glue that can be hardened by temperature and/or the addition of hardeners and comprises at least one formation of colloids is brought to a dispersing unit via a volume flow-adjustable conveyor and conveyor lines, in which the glue is homogenized by means of a crushing device and a mixing device and is finally conveyed via conveying lines to nozzle arrangements which spray the glue onto the particles in a mixing chamber.

Werkstoffplatten werden heute aus unterschiedlichen zerkleinerten lignocellulosischen Partikeln und für unterschiedliche Anforderungen hergestellt. Nahverwandte Werkstoffplatten sind dabei sogenannte Spanplatten und sogenannte Faserplatten. Trotz ihrer relativ nahen Verwandtschaft bestehen im Herstellungsprozess noch deutliche Unterschiede, und technologische Erkenntnisse sind nicht ohne weiteres von einem Herstellungsprozess auf den anderen übertragbar.Material panels are now made from different crushed lignocellulosic particles and for different requirements. Closely related material panels are so-called chipboard and so-called fiberboard. Despite their relatively close relationship, there are still significant differences in the manufacturing process, and technological knowledge is not readily transferrable from one manufacturing process to another.

So werden bei der Herstellung von auf Holzspänen basierenden Werkstoffplatten beispielsweise anders eingestellte Leimsorten verwendet, als dies bei der Herstellung von auf Holzfasern basierenden Werkstoffplatten der Fall ist.For example, in the production of material boards based on wood chips, different types of glue are used than is the case in the production of material boards based on wood fibers.

Derartige Unterschiede spiegeln sich letztlich auch im Aufbau der Werkstoffplattenherstellungsanlage wieder. So werden beispielsweise nach dem Stand der Technik Dispergiereinheiten innerhalb des Herstellungsprozesses hauptsächlich für Faserplatten eingesetzt.Such differences are ultimately also reflected in the structure of the material panel production plant. For example, according to the status technology dispersing units used within the manufacturing process mainly for fiberboard.

Dispergiereinheiten arbeiten nach dem Rotor-Stator-Prinzip mit hohen Schergradienten. Sie werden auch als Homogenisator bezeichnet. Die Dispergiereinheit besitzt einen Einlass und einen Auslass für den Leim. Durch einen inneren Rotorkranz wird der Leim sehr stark beschleunigt, um dann an einem Statorkranz abgebremst und geschert zu werden. Auf diese Weise werden Feststoffanteile und/oder Tropfen effektiv zerkleinert und homogen verteilt. Die extreme Feinverteilung von Feststoffen (Suspensionen) und Flüssigkeiten (Emulsionen) in dem vorgelegten Leim wird durch ein aufwändig abgestimmtes Zusammenspiel verschiedener Zerkleinerungsvorgänge bewirkt. Die Zentrifugalkraft im Rotor erzeugt gleichzeitig eine Umwälzung des Behälterinhalts. Feststoffanteile und/oder Tropfen werden zuverlässig zerkleinert und homogen verteilt. Bislang wurden derartige Dispergiereinheiten im Wesentlichen im Zuge der Herstellung von Faserplatten verwendet, um mechanische Verunreinigungen und nicht komplett gelöste Reaktionsprodukte zu dispergieren.Dispersing units work according to the rotor-stator principle with high shear gradients. They are also referred to as a homogenizer. The dispersing unit has an inlet and an outlet for the glue. The glue is accelerated very strongly by an inner rotor ring, in order to then be braked and sheared on a stator ring. In this way, solids and/or droplets are effectively broken up and distributed homogeneously. The extremely fine distribution of solids (suspensions) and liquids (emulsions) in the supplied glue is brought about by an elaborately coordinated interaction of various crushing processes. At the same time, the centrifugal force in the rotor causes the container contents to circulate. Solids and/or droplets are reliably crushed and distributed homogeneously. To date, such dispersing units have essentially been used in the course of the production of fiberboard, in order to disperse mechanical impurities and reaction products that have not been completely dissolved.

Dieses Verfahren berücksichtigt bislang nicht die unterschiedlichen Herstellverfahren, Kenndaten und Eigenschaften der Leime, wie sie bei der Herstellung von Faser- und Spanplatten eingesetzt werden. Dabei weisen Spanplattenleime im Vergleich zu Faserplattenleimen häufig einen deutlich höheren Feststoffgehalt und eine andere Abpufferung auf, um einen schnellen Fertigungsprozess zu gewähren. Der Leim, der zur Benetzung von Fasern verwendet wird, reagiert weniger schnell auf mechanische Einwirkungen und Temperaturerhöhungen, wie ihn die Scherkräfte in der Dispergiereinheit erzeugen. Bei der Holzspänebeleimung ist eine Dispergiereinheit bislang weniger zufriedenstellend eingesetzt worden. Der Leim, der zur Benetzung der Holzspäne verwendet wird, reagiert sehr schnell auf Temperaturerhöhungen. Das ist für einen schnellen Fertigungsprozess in einer beheizbaren Presse auch so erwünscht.So far, this method has not taken into account the different manufacturing processes, characteristics and properties of the glues used in the manufacture of fiberboard and chipboard. Compared to fibreboard glues, chipboard glues often have a significantly higher solids content and different buffering in order to ensure a fast production process. The glue used to wet fibers reacts less quickly to mechanical impact and temperature increases, how it is generated by the shearing forces in the dispersing unit. A dispersing unit has hitherto been used less satisfactorily in the gluing of wood chips. The glue used to wet the wood chips reacts very quickly to increases in temperature. This is also desirable for a fast manufacturing process in a heatable press.

Das mit diesem Leim zur Benetzung der Holzspäne verbundene Problem ist aber, dass der Leim durch die Dispergierung so rasch seine Konsistenz und Reaktivität ändert, dass er bereits in den Rohrleitungen, Düsen und Mischkammern, also bereits vor dem anschließenden Plattenpressvorgang, in unerwünschter Weise vorreagiert und zumindest partiell aushärtet und an den Wandungen haften bleibt.However, the problem associated with this glue for wetting the wood chips is that the glue changes its consistency and reactivity so quickly as a result of the dispersion that it already reacts in the pipelines, nozzles and mixing chambers, i.e. before the subsequent panel pressing process, in an undesired manner and hardens at least partially and sticks to the walls.

Denn die Viskositätsänderung ist nicht allein abhängig von der Temperatur. Ein Verfahren zur Konditionierung von Leim durch dem Dispergierer vor- oder nachgeschaltete Wärmetauscher, wie es in der DE 10 2015 100 667 A1 offenbart ist, ist deshalb in vielen Fällen nicht ausreichend. DE 10 2015 100 667 A1 offenbart den Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.Because the change in viscosity is not only dependent on the temperature. A process for conditioning glue by heat exchangers upstream or downstream of the disperser, as described in DE 10 2015 100 667 A1 is therefore not sufficient in many cases. DE 10 2015 100 667 A1 discloses the preamble of claim 1.

Es wurde festgestellt, dass die in Abhängigkeit von der Spänezufuhr schwankende benötigte Leimmenge zu unterschiedlichen Homogenisierungen in der Dispergiereinheit führt und somit nicht kalkulierbare Auswirkungen auf die Viskositätsentwicklung uns Reaktivität des Leims hat.It was found that the amount of glue required, which fluctuates depending on the supply of chips, leads to different homogenizations in the dispersing unit and thus has incalculable effects on the development of viscosity and the reactivity of the glue.

Es ist deshalb die Aufgabe der Erfindung, bei einem Leim, der für die Benetzung von lignocellulosischen Partikeln, insbesondere Holzspänen verwendet wird, eine für die Produktion der Werkstoffplatten ausreichende Viskosität und Reaktivität zu sorgen.It is therefore the object of the invention to use a glue for wetting lignocellulosic particles, in particular wood chips is to ensure sufficient viscosity and reactivity for the production of the material panels.

Die Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, dass die geförderte Leimmenge ermittelt und in einer Auswerteeinheit einer Drehzahl der Dispergiereinheit zugeordnet wird und diese Drehzahl daraufhin eingestellt wird.The object is achieved in that the conveyed amount of glue is determined and assigned to a speed of the dispersing unit in an evaluation unit, and this speed is then set.

Dabei wird die Drehzahl der Dispergiereinheit mit einem Steuerungsprogramm möglichst automatisch verändert und eingestellt.The speed of the dispersing unit is changed and set as automatically as possible with a control program.

In der Erfindung wurde erkannt, dass die Zerstörung der Kolloide einen entscheidenden Faktor zur Lösung der Aufgabe darstellt. Je nachdem wie intensiv der Scherprozess der Dispergiereinheit abläuft, verhalten sich auch die Viskosität und Reaktivität des Leims. Hinzu kommt vermutlich, dass der Rotor mit seinen auf den Leim wirkenden Scherkräften, die Leimpartikel nur partiell erwärmt. Je nach geförderter Leimmenge lässt sich eine Drehzahl finden, die einerseits für eine ausreichende Homogenisierung des Leims ausreicht, andererseits den Leim aber noch nicht so weit ändert, dass der Herstellungsprozess negativ beeinflusst wird, was sich zum Beispiel in einer vorzeitigen Aushärtung des Leims und Verstopfung der Düsen äußern kann. Die Drehzahl der Dispergiereinheit ist danach hauptverantwortlich für die Intensität der Reaktivität des Leims. Die Reaktivität des Leims hängt im Übrigen stark mit der pH-Wert-Änderung zusammen, die er durch die Behandlung in der Dispergiereinheit erfährt. Überraschenderweise konnte mit der definierten Drehzahlanpassung jeweils eine optimale Einstellung für das Verhältnis von Reaktivität zu offener Zeit eingestellt werden. Die optimale Einstellung kann sogar dazu genutzt werden, wenigstens 10% der Leimmenge einzusparen, die bei herkömmlichen Prozessen benötigt wird. Während dieses erfindungsgemäßen Prozesses verändert der Leim seine Reaktivität durch die Drehzahlanpassung genau so, dass schließlich für eine ausreichende Haftung der Späne beim Verpressen gesorgt ist.In the invention, it was recognized that the destruction of the colloids is a decisive factor in solving the problem. The viscosity and reactivity of the glue depend on how intensively the shearing process of the dispersing unit is. In addition, there is probably the fact that the rotor, with its shearing forces acting on the glue, only partially heats up the glue particles. Depending on the amount of glue fed, a speed can be found that is sufficient for sufficient homogenization of the glue on the one hand, but on the other hand does not change the glue to such an extent that the manufacturing process is negatively influenced, which results, for example, in premature hardening of the glue and blockage of the Nozzles can express. The speed of the dispersing unit is then primarily responsible for the intensity of the reactivity of the glue. Incidentally, the reactivity of the glue is closely related to the pH change that it undergoes as a result of the treatment in the dispersing unit. Surprisingly, with the defined speed adjustment, an optimal setting for the ratio of reactivity was possible in each case to be set at an open time. The optimal setting can even be used to save at least 10% of the amount of glue that is required in conventional processes. During this process according to the invention, the glue changes its reactivity by adjusting the speed in such a way that finally sufficient adhesion of the chips is ensured during pressing.

Bei allen diesen Einstellungen geht die Erfindung davon aus, dass die Parameter des Produktionsprozesses als Grundlage für die Einstellungen in das Verfahren eingeflossen sind. Dazu gehören beispielsweise die Schichtdicke, die die beleimten Späne bilden sollen und die Produktionsgeschwindigkeit. Werden diese Parameter verändert, ändert sich selbstverständlich auch der Späne- und damit der Leimdurchsatz, was bei gleichbleibender Drehzahl der Dispergiereinheit sofort zu unterschiedlichen Reaktivitäten des Leims führen würde. In der Auswerteeinheit sind die Daten hinterlegt und können der geeignetsten Drehzahl des Dispergierers zugeordnet werden.With all of these settings, the invention assumes that the parameters of the production process have been incorporated into the method as the basis for the settings. These include, for example, the layer thickness that the glued chips should form and the production speed. If these parameters are changed, the chip throughput and thus the glue throughput will of course also change, which would immediately lead to different reactivities of the glue if the speed of the dispersing unit remained the same. The data is stored in the evaluation unit and can be assigned to the most suitable speed of the disperser.

Bevorzugt findet das Verfahren Anwendung bei der Spänebeleimung.The method is preferably used for chip gluing.

Die Produktion von Spanplatten stellt weit höhere Ansprüche an die Einstellung der Reaktivität des Leims. Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren haben sich völlig neue Möglichkeiten ergeben, hier gezielt Einfluss zu nehmen.The production of chipboard places much higher demands on the adjustment of the reactivity of the glue. With the method according to the invention, completely new possibilities have arisen for specifically influencing this.

Es ist von Vorteil, wenn die geförderte Leimmenge beispielsweise durch eine Einstellung der Leimfördereinrichtung ermittelt wird (beispielsweise die Drehzahl einer Förderpumpe) oder durch Messgeräte zur Volumenstrommessung erfasst wird.It is advantageous if the amount of glue fed is determined, for example, by adjusting the glue feed device (e.g. the speed a feed pump) or by measuring devices for volume flow measurement.

In der Auswerteeinheit ist eine direkte Zuordnung von Leimdurchflussmenge und Drehzahl des Rotors der Dispergiereinheit hinterlegt. Diese wird im Vorfeld empirisch oder durch mathematische Berechnungsmethoden ermittelt. Dabei steigt die Drehzahl mit zunehmender Durchflussmenge an, um den gleichen Homogenisierungsgrad zu erreichen. Weitere Einflussfaktoren können ebenfalls Berücksichtigung finden, so dass eine multivariate Auswertung vorgesehen sein kann.A direct assignment of the glue flow rate and the speed of the rotor of the dispersing unit is stored in the evaluation unit. This is determined in advance empirically or by mathematical calculation methods. The speed increases with increasing flow rate in order to achieve the same degree of homogenization. Other influencing factors can also be taken into account, so that a multivariate evaluation can be provided.

Es ist demgemäß vorteilhaft, wenn in der Auswerteeinheit zusätzlich die über wenigstens einen Temperatursensor ermittelte Umgebungstemperatur Berücksichtigung findet.Accordingly, it is advantageous if the ambient temperature determined via at least one temperature sensor is also taken into account in the evaluation unit.

Da die Temperatur, die bei der Dispergierung entsteht, ein entscheidender Faktor für die Viskosität und Reaktivität ist, ist es sinnvoll, auch die einflussnehmende Umgebungstemperatur in der Zuordnung von Leimmenge zu Drehzahl des Dispergierers aufzunehmen.Since the temperature that occurs during dispersing is a decisive factor for viscosity and reactivity, it makes sense to also include the influencing ambient temperature when assigning the amount of glue to the speed of the disperser.

Es ist vorteilhaft, wenn in der Auswerteeinheit eine eventuell zugegebene Härtermenge Berücksichtigung findet.It is advantageous if any added hardener is taken into account in the evaluation unit.

Die Härtermenge bestimmt ebenfalls den Abbindungsprozess. Der zeitliche Verlauf der Viskositätsänderung mit einem Härter ist heutzutage aber berechenbar und kann entsprechend in der Zuordnung von Leimmenge zu Drehzahl des Dispergierers aufgenommen werden. Dementsprechend kann die Zugabe der Härtermenge auch unter Berücksichtigung der in der Auswerteeinheit vorliegenden und/oder ermittelten Daten gesteuert und/oder geregelt werden.The amount of hardener also determines the setting process. However, the change in viscosity over time with a hardener is nowadays calculable and can be included in the allocation of glue quantity to the speed of the disperser. Accordingly, the addition of the amount of hardener can also be controlled and/or regulated taking into account the data present and/or determined in the evaluation unit.

Es ist von Vorteil, wenn in hinterlegten Daten der Auswerteeinheit berücksichtigt wird, ob der zu dispergierende Leim für eine Mittel- oder eine Deckschicht vorgesehen ist.It is advantageous if the data stored in the evaluation unit takes into account whether the glue to be dispersed is intended for a middle layer or a top layer.

Vielfach benötigen die Schichten von Holzwerkstoffplatten unterschiedliche Leimmengen in eventuell sogar unterschiedlichem Reaktionsverhalten. Das kann beispielsweise einfach auch daran liegen, dass sich die Verhältnisse der Schichtdicken von Mittelschichten und Deckschichten unterscheiden. Außerdem können in der Mittelschicht andere Spangrößen verwendet werden als in der Deckschicht.In many cases, the layers of wood-based panels require different amounts of glue and possibly even different reaction behavior. For example, this can simply be due to the fact that the ratios of the layer thicknesses of middle layers and top layers differ. In addition, different chip sizes can be used in the middle layer than in the top layer.

In Bezug auf die Gesamtdicke der endgültigen Holzwerkstoffplatte benötigen relativ dicke Mittelschichten verständlicherweise auch mehr Leim, um die gewünschten Festigkeiten zu erreichen. Die Mittelschicht mit dem gleichen homogenisierten Leim zu versehen wie beispielsweise relativ dünne Deckschichten, führt dazu, dass der Leim in der Mittelschicht einer Holzfaserplatte weniger reaktiv ist als bei den Deckschichten, an die in der Regel auch noch ein heißes Pressband herangeführt wird. Ein solches unausgeglichenes Verhältnis wäre äußerst unerwünscht. Deshalb ist es sinnvoll in der Auswerteeinheit vorzugeben, ob der Leim für eine Mittel- oder eine Deckschicht homogenisiert wird. Selbstverständlich gilt diese Aussage analog zu relativ dicken Deckschichten und einer dünnen Mittelschicht umgekehrt genauso.In relation to the overall thickness of the final wood-based panel, relatively thick middle layers understandably also require more glue in order to achieve the desired strengths. Providing the middle layer with the same homogenized glue as, for example, relatively thin cover layers means that the glue in the middle layer of a wood fiber board is less reactive than in the cover layers, to which a hot press belt is usually also fed. Such an imbalance would be extremely undesirable. Therefore it makes sense to specify in the evaluation unit whether the glue is homogenized for a middle or top layer. Of course, this statement applies analogously to relatively thick top layers and a thin middle layer vice versa.

Deswegen ist es von besonderem Vorteil, wenn der Leim für Deckschichten und Mittelschichten in unterschiedlichen Dispergiereinheiten homogenisiert wird.It is therefore of particular advantage if the glue for top layers and middle layers is homogenized in different dispersing units.

Man produziert also getrennt den Leim für die Deckschichten und die Mittelschicht, so dass der Leim im Herstellungsprozess der Holzwerkstoffplatte die jeweils richtige Konsistenz und Reaktivität.The glue for the top layers and the middle layer is produced separately, so that the glue has the right consistency and reactivity in the manufacturing process of the wood-based panel.

Es ist besonders bevorzugt, wenn chemische und/oder physikalische Eigenschaften des Leims zumindest nach der Dispergiereinheit über Messgeräte erfasst werden.It is particularly preferred if chemical and/or physical properties of the glue are recorded via measuring devices at least after the dispersing unit.

Als Messgerät ist insbesondere ein Infrarot- oder Nahinfrarot-Sensor geeignet, der vorzugsweise eingesetzt wird.An infrared or near-infrared sensor, which is preferably used, is particularly suitable as the measuring device.

Mit der IR/NIR-Spektroskopie ist es seit einiger Zeit möglich, im Herstellprozess eines Leims das molekulare Verhältnis von Formaldehyd und Harnstoff sowie den Feststoffgehalt kontinuierlich zu überwachen. Diese Möglichkeiten nutzt die Erfindung mit einer derartigen Messung hinter der Dispergiereinheit, um Rückschlüsse über den zeitlichen Verlauf der Viskositätsänderung des Leims sowie der Reaktivität zu gewinnen. Die Erkenntnisse fließen dann ebenfalls in die Drehzahlsteuerung der Dispergiereinheit ein.With IR/NIR spectroscopy it has been possible for some time to continuously monitor the molecular ratio of formaldehyde and urea as well as the solids content in the glue manufacturing process. The invention uses these possibilities with such a measurement behind the dispersing unit in order to draw conclusions about the change in viscosity of the glue over time as well as to gain reactivity. The findings then also flow into the speed control of the dispersing unit.

Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand der Fig. 1, einer beispielhaften Prinzipskizze, für das Verfahren näher erläutert.The invention is based on the 1 , an exemplary schematic diagram, explains the process in more detail.

Vorab sei erklärt, dass es sich bei durchgezogenen Linien zwischen zwei Bauteilen und Förderleitungen handelt, bei gestrichelten Linien und Steuerleitungen und bei strichpunktierten Linien um Signalleitungen.It should be explained in advance that solid lines are between two components and conveyor lines, dashed lines and control lines and dash-dotted lines are signal lines.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine Pumpe 2 für das Bindemittel oder den Leim, mit dem lignocellulosische Partikel 10, die einer Mischkammer 5 zugeführt werden, über eine Düsenanordnung 6 in der Mischkammer 5 besprüht werden. Bei der Düsenanordnung 6 kann es sich um Ein- oder Mehrstoffdüsen handeln. Der Druck in einer Düse kann bis hin zu dem von Hochdruckdüsen (etwa 60 bis 100 bar) reichen zur Zerteilung des Leims oder Bindemittels in sehr feine Tropfen. Außerdem können die Düsen einzeln, ggf. sogar unabhängig voneinander ansteuer- und regulierbar sein. Der Weg des Leims verläuft von der Pumpe 2 über die Förderleitungen 15c und 15a bis zur Düsenanordnung 6. Unterwegs kann aus einem Reservoir 3 über eine Pumpe 4 Härter in den Leim dosiert werden. Das Verbindungsglied zwischen den Förderleitungen 15c und 15a ist die Dispergiereinheit 1, der über den Motor 7 angetrieben wird. Dispergiereinheiten arbeiten nach dem Rotor-Stator-Prinzip mit hohen Schergradienten. Sie werden auch als Homogenisator bezeichnet. Die Dispergiereinheit besitzt einen Einlass am Ende Förderleitung 15c und einen Auslass für den Leim zu Beginn der Förderleitung 15a. Durch einen inneren, nicht dargestellten Rotorkranz wird der Leim sehr stark beschleunigt, um dann an einem ebenfalls nicht dargestellten Statorkranz abgebremst und geschert zu werden. Auf diese Weise werden Feststoffanteile und/oder Tropfen effektiv zerkleinert und homogen verteilt. Die extreme Feinverteilung von Feststoffen (Suspensionen) und Flüssigkeiten (Emulsionen) in dem vorgelegten Leim wird durch ein aufwändig abgestimmtes Zusammenspiel verschiedener Zerkleinerungsvorgänge bewirkt. Über die Drehzahl des Rotors kann die Reaktivität des Leims beeinflusst werden. Diese Drehzahlanpassung ist sehr gewinnbringend einsetzbar, denn der Durchsatz an Partikeln 10 kann schwanken oder für unterschiedliche Produkte, Dicken und einzelne Schichten in der zu erzeugenden Werkstoffplatte in gewünschter Weise variieren. 1 FIG. 1 shows a pump 2 for the binder or glue with which lignocellulosic particles 10 fed to a mixing chamber 5 are sprayed via a nozzle arrangement 6 in the mixing chamber 5. FIG. The nozzle arrangement 6 can be single-component or multi-component nozzles. The pressure in a nozzle can range up to that of high pressure nozzles (about 60 to 100 bar) to break up the glue or binder into very fine droplets. In addition, the nozzles can be controlled and regulated individually, possibly even independently of one another. The path of the glue runs from the pump 2 via the delivery lines 15c and 15a to the nozzle arrangement 6. On the way hardener can be metered into the glue from a reservoir 3 via a pump 4. The link between the conveying lines 15c and 15a is the dispersing unit 1, which is driven by the motor 7. Dispersing units work according to the rotor-stator principle with high shear gradients. They are also referred to as a homogenizer. The dispersing unit has an inlet at the end of the conveying line 15c and an outlet for the glue at the beginning the delivery line 15a. The glue is very strongly accelerated by an inner rotor rim, not shown, in order to then be decelerated and sheared at a stator rim, also not shown. In this way, solids and/or droplets are effectively broken up and distributed homogeneously. The extremely fine distribution of solids (suspensions) and liquids (emulsions) in the supplied glue is brought about by an elaborately coordinated interaction of various crushing processes. The reactivity of the glue can be influenced by the speed of the rotor. This speed adjustment can be used very profitably because the throughput of particles 10 can fluctuate or vary as desired for different products, thicknesses and individual layers in the material panel to be produced.

Dazu sind ein einer Auswerteeinheit 8 Drehzahlen hinterlegt, von denen eine in Abhängigkeit verschiedenerer gemessener Parameter ausgesuchte über eine Steuerung 9 und die Steuerleitung 13 an den Motor 7 weitergegeben wird. Zuvor werden die verschiedenen Parameter mit der Zuordnung zu der einzustellenden Rotordrehzahl abgefragt und verglichen, um danach die Motordrehzahl einzustellen.For this purpose, speeds are stored in an evaluation unit 8 , one of which is selected as a function of various measured parameters and passed on to the motor 7 via a controller 9 and the control line 13 . Beforehand, the various parameters are queried and compared with the assignment to the rotor speed to be set, in order to then set the engine speed.

Der wichtigste Parameter ist die geförderte Leimmenge. Deren Maß kann beispielsweise über die Drehzahl der Pumpe 2 ermittelt und über eine Signalleitung 14c an die Auswerteeinheit weitergegeben werden. Selbstverständlich können hier im Rahmen der Erfindung alternativ auch andere Messverfahren und Messvorrichtungen eingesetzt werden.The most important parameter is the conveyed amount of glue. Its measure can be determined, for example, via the speed of the pump 2 and passed on to the evaluation unit via a signal line 14c. Of course, other measuring methods and measuring devices can also be used as an alternative within the scope of the invention.

Ein weiterer wichtiger Parameter ist die eventuell zugegebene Härtermenge zum Leim. Auch diese lässt sich beispielsweise über die Härterpumpe 4 dosieren, wobei der eingestellte Wert ebenfalls über die Signalleitung 14a an die Auswerteeinheit 8 übergeben wird.Another important parameter is the amount of hardener that may be added to the glue. This can also be metered, for example, via the hardener pump 4, with the set value also being transferred to the evaluation unit 8 via the signal line 14a.

Auch die Umgebungstemperatur, die in Fig. 1 über einen Temperatursensor 12 und die Signalleitung 14b zur Auswerteeinheit gebracht wird, kann ein einflussnehmender Parameter sein.Also the ambient temperature in 1 is brought to the evaluation unit via a temperature sensor 12 and the signal line 14b can be an influencing parameter.

Ferner sollte aus dem Werkstoffplattenherstellprozess heraus angegeben sein, ob der gerade geförderte Leim für eine Deckschicht oder eine Mittelschicht eingesetzt wird. Dieser Parameter kann bedeutungsvoll sein, weil ggf. unterschiedliche Reaktivitäten des Leims gefordert sein können. Es ist also möglich, die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Anlage in mehrfacher Ausfertigung für unterschiedliche Aufgaben, also beispielsweise für Deck- und Mittelschichten der Werkstoffplatte vorzusehen.Furthermore, it should be specified from the material panel manufacturing process whether the glue just delivered is used for a top layer or a middle layer. This parameter can be significant because different reactivities of the glue may be required. So it is possible to use the in 1 illustrated plant in multiple copies for different tasks, so provide for example for top and middle layers of the material panel.

Als vielfach sehr entscheidender Parameter können chemische und/oder physikalische Eigenschaften des Leims zumindest nach der Dispergiereinheit 1 über ein Messgerät 11 erfasst werden. Die gemessenen Werte werden über die Signalleitung 14d an die Auswerteeinheit weitergegeben. Als Messgerät 11 hat sich im Rahmen der Erfindung insbesondere eines mit einem IR-Sensor oder speziell ein Nahinfrarotsensor erwiesen. Mittels automatisierter FTIR-Spektrometer kann die Harnstoff- und/oder die Formaldehydkonzentration sowie den Feststoffgehalt und die Pufferkapazität genau erfasst werden. Diese Werte ändern sich mit der Drehzahl der Dispergiereinheit 1 und sind einflussnehmend auf die Reaktivität und Viskosität des Leims. Das Messgerät kann auch mit multivariater Auswertung, oder als zyklisch messendes und auswertendes Gerät eingesetzt werden.Chemical and/or physical properties of the glue, at least downstream of the dispersing unit 1 , can be recorded via a measuring device 11 as parameters that are often very decisive. The measured values are forwarded to the evaluation unit via the signal line 14d. Within the scope of the invention, a measuring device 11 with an IR sensor or specifically a near-infrared sensor has proven to be the most suitable. The urea and/or formaldehyde concentration as well as the solids content and the buffer capacity can be precisely recorded using automated FTIR spectrometers. This Values change with the speed of the dispersing unit 1 and influence the reactivity and viscosity of the glue. The measuring device can also be used with multivariate evaluation or as a cyclically measuring and evaluating device.

Claims (9)

  1. A method for applying glue onto comminuted lignocellulosic particles (10) in the course of the production of material boards, wherein a glue, which can be cured by temperature and/or addition of curing agents and comprises at least one formation of colloids, is brought via a conveying device (2) of adjustable volumetric flow rate and via conveying lines (15a, 15c) to a dispersing unit (1), in which the glue is homogenized by means of a comminution device and a mixing device and ultimately conveyed via conveying lines (15a) to nozzle assemblies (6) that spray the glue onto the particles (10) in a mixing chamber (5), characterized in that the amount of glue conveyed is determined and assigned in an evaluation unit (8) to a rotation speed of the dispersing unit, and in that this rotation speed is then adjusted.
  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the method is used in the application of glue onto chips.
  3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the amount of glue conveyed is determined by an adjustment of the glue conveying device (2) or measured by measuring devices for measuring the volumetric flow rate.
  4. The method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the ambient temperature determined by means of at least one temperature sensor (12) is taken into account in the evaluation unit (8).
  5. The method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that an added amount of curing agents is taken into account in the evaluation unit (8).
  6. The method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the fact whether the glue to be dispersed is intended for a central layer or a cover layer of the material board is taken into account in stored data of the evaluation unit (8).
  7. The method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the glue for cover layers and central layers is homogenized in different dispersing units.
  8. The method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that chemical and/or physical properties of the glue are measured at least downstream of the dispersing unit by means of at least one measuring device (11).
  9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that an infrared sensor or near-infrared sensor is used as measuring device (11).
EP20700779.0A 2019-02-14 2020-01-10 Method for applying glue to wood chips Active EP3924157B1 (en)

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DE102019001101.5A DE102019001101A1 (en) 2019-02-14 2019-02-14 Process for gluing wood chips
PCT/EP2020/050502 WO2020164821A1 (en) 2019-02-14 2020-01-10 Method for applying glue to wood chips

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CN1017881B (en) * 1987-12-16 1992-08-19 库特·赫尔德·法布里肯特 Apparatus and method for manufacturing wood plank
US7661871B2 (en) * 2005-02-03 2010-02-16 Robert Rinehart Hyatt Apparatus for storing, mixing, metering, and injecting polymeric slurries into pipelines
DE102009006704A1 (en) * 2009-01-29 2010-08-12 Dieffenbacher Gmbh + Co. Kg Method for operating a plant and a plant for producing fiber, MDF, HDF, wood-based or plastic slabs from fibers or fiber-like material
ES2645955T3 (en) * 2010-01-20 2017-12-11 Xyleco, Inc. Raw material dispersion and material processing
DE102011103326B4 (en) * 2011-05-27 2014-08-07 Siempelkamp Maschinen- Und Anlagenbau Gmbh & Co. Kg Apparatus and method for gluing fibers
CN202702360U (en) * 2012-05-20 2013-01-30 漳州捷龙自动化技术有限公司 Glue adjustment and application control system for particleboard
DE102013104652A1 (en) * 2013-05-06 2014-11-06 Dieffenbacher GmbH Maschinen- und Anlagenbau Method and device for gluing chips, fibers or fiber-like material in the course of the production of material plates
DE102015100667A1 (en) * 2015-01-19 2016-08-04 Dieffenbacher GmbH Maschinen- und Anlagenbau Apparatus and method for conditioning glue
CN105858263A (en) * 2015-01-19 2016-08-17 国家林业局北京林业机械研究所 Wood shaving conveying metering device and method for conveying wood shaving thereof

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EP3924157A1 (en) 2021-12-22
DE102019001101A1 (en) 2020-08-20
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WO2020164821A1 (en) 2020-08-20
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PL3924157T3 (en) 2023-10-02
ES2951523T3 (en) 2023-10-23

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