EP3918317A1 - Procédé et dispositif permettant de contrôler les défauts à la surface d'essieux ferroviaires - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif permettant de contrôler les défauts à la surface d'essieux ferroviaires

Info

Publication number
EP3918317A1
EP3918317A1 EP20703146.9A EP20703146A EP3918317A1 EP 3918317 A1 EP3918317 A1 EP 3918317A1 EP 20703146 A EP20703146 A EP 20703146A EP 3918317 A1 EP3918317 A1 EP 3918317A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wheel
coil arrangement
test
coil
wheel set
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20703146.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Nathanael Riess
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Helling GmbH
Original Assignee
Helling GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Helling GmbH filed Critical Helling GmbH
Publication of EP3918317A1 publication Critical patent/EP3918317A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
    • G01N27/82—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws
    • G01N27/83—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws by investigating stray magnetic fields
    • G01N27/84—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws by investigating stray magnetic fields by applying magnetic powder or magnetic ink
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
    • G01M17/08—Railway vehicles
    • G01M17/10—Suspensions, axles or wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B17/00—Wheels characterised by rail-engaging elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for testing the wheels and axles of railway wheel sets by means of a magnetic powder test method.
  • the invention also relates to a device for testing such wheel sets.
  • the magnetic powder test method it is possible to determine defects, such as cracks and cracks, on the surfaces of metallic magnetizable products, to determine and evaluate the size and meaning of the displays and to classify the products as usable or damaged.
  • the reject rate can be determined with such a method and components can be certified.
  • the workpiece to be tested is sprayed with magnetic powder taken up in a suspension and then exposed to a strong magnetic field.
  • the magnetic powder particles reorient themselves at defects in the workpiece, so that they become optically recognizable. Visibility can be improved if the magnetic powder is fluorescent and is viewed under UV radiation.
  • Rail car wheel sets essentially consist of an axle, two wheels and possibly one or more brake discs. These elements are made of magnetizable steel. Accordingly, it is possible to use the magnetic powder method on these elements.
  • DE 20 2016 101 253 U1 discloses a device for checking the magnetic powder of axle shafts for transverse defects in the surface of the workpiece, in which a semicircular coil can be placed axially displaceably on the axle shaft. After flushing the surface of the axle shaft with magnetic powder and switching on the magnetizing current, the surface of the axle shaft can be examined for the presence of non-random structures, such as elongated changes in the magnetic powder distribution.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method and an apparatus for testing railway wheel sets for surface defects with the aid of the magnetic powder method, wherein a combined test of one or both wheels of a wheel set can be carried out together with a test of the axle shaft in order to thereby Reduce test effort and be able to achieve extensive automation of the test.
  • the invention relates to a method for testing railroad wheel sets for defects in the surface of the wheel sets by means of a magnetic powder method, in which elements of the wheel sets, in particular axles and wheels, are magnetized in regions for testing by means of an electrical coil arrangement, in the test area of Magnetic powder is applied to the coil arrangement and the distribution of the magnetic powder that results when the magnetic field is switched on is evaluated.
  • a first coil arrangement arranged in a stationary manner with respect to the wheel to be tested is used for section-wise magnetization and testing of the wheel and a second coil arrangement axially displaceable with respect to the axis to be tested for partial magnetization and testing of the axle shaft.
  • the wheel is rotated after each test of a wheel section by an angle of rotation that is less than or equal to the angle of the respective previous test segment.
  • the axle shaft is checked by means of the second coil arrangement at positions which are successive in the axial direction in each case partially around the circumference. After checking the complete circumference of the axle shaft, the second coil arrangement is moved to a subsequent adjacent position.
  • wheel sets of railways can be quickly and easily identified for defects in the surfaces of the wheels and the axle. This advantage is particularly evident in the regular maintenance of railroad wheel sets in order to keep downtimes as short as possible.
  • a coil arrangement is preferably used for the wheel test, each of which partially encloses a wheel section, so that not only the running surface but also the radial rim surface and further side regions of a wheel can be tested. After each test of a wheel section, the wheel is rotated by an angle which is slightly smaller than the angle of the wheel section to be tested, so that after a series of wheel sections has been checked, the entire wheel is tested.
  • the wheel axle is preferably checked by means of a half-coil aligned at right angles to the axle shaft, which can detect the complete axle circumference when the axle is rotated by 120 ° to 180 °.
  • the first coil arrangement is preferably arranged stationary, while the wheel to be tested is rotated step by step. After a complete circumferential inspection of a section of the axle, the second coil arrangement is moved in the axial direction to a next axle section, so that this and the following sections can then be checked one after the other.
  • the first coil arrangement can also be used to test the brake disks in accordance with the test of a wheel if the first coil arrangement is implemented appropriately.
  • the test is preferably controlled semi-automatically or fully automatically, the control device controlling both the rotation of the wheel set and the offset of the second coil arrangement along the axis.
  • the control device controlling both the rotation of the wheel set and the offset of the second coil arrangement along the axis.
  • the wheelset can be checked not only step by step, but also continuously with even rotation. If the second coil arrangement is displaced laterally during the rotation of the wheel set, the circumference of the wheel axle is recorded in a spiral.
  • a device consists of a test arrangement which has a frame with a first holder for receiving a first trapezoidal coil arrangement and a second holder for receiving a second semicircular coil arrangement.
  • a wheel set to be tested is held on a base frame so that it can rotate about its axis.
  • the first coil arrangement can be lowered onto a wheel of the wheel set and encloses it in sections.
  • the second coil arrangement can be placed on the circumference of the axle shaft and can be displaced along the axle shaft. Both coil arrangements can generate magnetic fields simultaneously or in succession, which magnetize the wheel set to carry out the magnetic particle test in some areas.
  • the first coil arrangement can preferably be moved vertically up and down by means of a lifting device.
  • the second coil arrangement can also be moved in the horizontal direction.
  • the first coil arrangement can additionally also be moved horizontally in two or more positions in order to check a second wheel and / or a brake disc.
  • the base frame preferably contains support wheels on which a wheel set is rotatably held over the running surfaces of the wheels.
  • the device preferably also contains a control device for stepwise or continuous motor rotation of the wheel set and for controlling the positions of the coil arrangements relative to the wheel set.
  • Fig. 1 is a side view of a device for testing a wheel set by means of
  • Fig. 2 is a front view of the device of Figure lund
  • Fig. 3 is a side view of the device of FIG. 1 in a second working position.
  • a frame 1 with two pairs of legs 2 and 3 which carries two horizontally displaceable coil arrangements 11 and 18 on its upper-side sliding table 23.
  • the first coil arrangement 11 can be moved up and down in the vertical direction by means of a cable, the cable being guided over a deflection roller 14 fastened to a support 12 and provided with a counterweight 13 at the distal end.
  • the first coil arrangement can thus be moved vertically, but essentially remains in an equilibrium position.
  • the lateral displacement of the first coil arrangement takes place via a roller guide on the sliding table 23 and can be effected via a lever 20 or a motor drive.
  • a control is identified by 21, which on the one hand contains the current required for the formation of a strong magnetic field through the first coil arrangement provides and on the other hand contains the necessary switching and measuring equipment. Power is supplied via a ribbon cable 19.
  • the device also includes a second coil arrangement 18, which is also vertically adjustable.
  • a cable is used which is guided over a deflection roller 16 fastened to a carrier 24, on the distal end of which a counterweight 17 hangs in order to be able to hold the second coil arrangement in equilibrium position without a drive.
  • a controller 15 is also assigned to the second coil arrangement, equivalent to the controller 21 for the first coil arrangement.
  • the second coil arrangement can be moved in the horizontal direction by means of the hand lever 22 or motor drive.
  • the base frame 4 contains pairs of rollers 5 and 6, on which the running surfaces of the wheels 9 and 10 rest rotatably.
  • the method for testing a wheel set is as follows: First, the first coil arrangement 11 is lowered onto the wheel 10 so that it encompasses a circular section of the wheel.
  • the wheel can now be magnetized by building up a magnetic field in the first coil arrangement, controlled by the controller 21.
  • the measuring area of the magnetized circular section is now sprayed with magnetic powder.
  • the fact that the magnetic powder is pretreated fluorescent and the visual inspection is carried out under UV light, the visibility of the errors is considerably increased.
  • the test of the entire wheel takes place in that after the test of a first circular section of the wheel has been completed, the wheel set is rotated several times by means of a drive motor 7 by an angle of rotation which is in each case smaller or at least equal to the angle of the circular section of the wheel which can be detected in a test cycle is.
  • the first coil arrangement 11 is raised vertically and manually shifted horizontally via the hand lever 20 until it can be lowered onto the second wheel of the wheel set.
  • the second wheel can now be tested in the same way as when testing the first wheel.
  • the second coil arrangement 18 can also be displaced horizontally to such an extent that it can be lowered onto the axle shaft 8 between the wheels.
  • the second coil arrangement 18 essentially surrounds the surface of the axle shaft 8 in a semicircular manner, so that only a rotation of the wheel set by 120 ° to 180 ° is required for a section of the surface.
  • the wheel set can be checked simultaneously or in succession using the first and second coil arrangements.
  • a third coil arrangement can be provided which is designed in accordance with the first coil arrangement.
  • both wheels can be checked without moving the coil arrangement.
  • the first and third coil arrangements can thus also be arranged essentially stationary in the horizontal direction, since the distance between the wheels is uniform in most railway networks.
  • the wheels can be positioned relative to the coil arrangements as soon as the base frame is moved into the base frame. An upward and downward movement in the vertical direction can then be dispensed with.
  • the wheel set can also be provided by means of a Introduce the lifting arrangement in the vertical direction into the first and possibly third coil arrangement arranged in a stationary manner, or to arrange the coil arrangement on the underside of a raised wheel set.
  • Figure 2 shows a front view of the test device.
  • the first coil arrangement 11 is designed as a trapezoidal coil with five turns, which comprise a circular section of a wheel to be tested. In this way, transverse and longitudinal defects in the tread as well as in the rim and side areas of the wheel can be determined.
  • the second coil arrangement 18 is a semicircular coil that can be placed on the surface of the axle shaft 8 and essentially serves to detect transverse errors of the axle shaft.
  • FIG. 3 shows a second working position of the device according to FIG. 1.
  • the first coil arrangement 11 is located on the right wheel 9 of the wheel set after the coil arrangement on the frame 1 has been manually shifted to the wheel 9 and lowered onto the wheel 9.
  • the second coil arrangement was also shifted to the right so far that the second coil arrangement 18 could be lowered onto the axle shaft 8. In this working position, the two coil arrangements can be operated simultaneously.
  • the mobility of the coil arrangements can be achieved by manual displacement.
  • the necessary displacements, the switching on of the current in the coil arrangements, the measurement of the magnetic field and the time sequences of the magnetization can be programmed.
  • the rinsing of the surfaces to be inspected with magnetic powder and the optical detection of errors that can be shown by camera systems up to automatic documentation can also be integrated into the automated process.
  • the wheelset is preferably rotated continuously.
  • the second coil arrangement is continuously laterally moved so that the test area takes a spiral course. Camera systems running along with the coil arrangements can continuously record the test areas.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif permettant de contrôler les défauts à la surface d'essieux ferroviaires au moyen d'un procédé utilisant de la poudre magnétique, dans lequel, pour effectuer le contrôle, des éléments des essieux, en particulier des axes et des roues, sont magnétisés par endroits à l'aide d'un ensemble de bobines électriques, sont recouverts de poudre magnétique dans la zone de contrôle de l'ensemble de bobines électriques et la répartition de la poudre magnétique résultant de l'activation du champ magnétique est évaluée. Selon l'invention, une combinaison d'un premier ensemble de bobines (11) disposé de manière fixe par rapport à la roue (9, 10) à contrôler et destiné à magnétiser par endroits et contrôler la roue (9, 10) et d'un second ensemble de bobines (18) déplaçable axialement par rapport à l'axe à contrôler et destiné à magnétiser sur une partie de sa circonférence et contrôler l'arbre d'essieu (8) est utilisée. Pour le contrôle complet d'une roue, la roue est tournée après chaque contrôle d'un segment de roue. Le contrôle de l'arbre d'essieu (8) s'effectue au moyen du second ensemble de bobines (18) dans des positions se succédant dans le sens axial, respectivement sur une partie de la circonférence. La magnétisation et le contrôle des roues (9, 10) et des axes (8) des essieux peuvent être effectués simultanément ou chronologiquement l'un après l'autre.
EP20703146.9A 2019-01-28 2020-01-14 Procédé et dispositif permettant de contrôler les défauts à la surface d'essieux ferroviaires Pending EP3918317A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019102046.8A DE102019102046A1 (de) 2019-01-28 2019-01-28 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Prüfung von Eisenbahn-Radsätzen auf Oberflächenfehler
PCT/EP2020/050819 WO2020156804A1 (fr) 2019-01-28 2020-01-14 Procédé et dispositif permettant de contrôler les défauts à la surface d'essieux ferroviaires

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3918317A1 true EP3918317A1 (fr) 2021-12-08

Family

ID=69423278

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20703146.9A Pending EP3918317A1 (fr) 2019-01-28 2020-01-14 Procédé et dispositif permettant de contrôler les défauts à la surface d'essieux ferroviaires

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3918317A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102019102046A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020156804A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112697795A (zh) * 2020-12-02 2021-04-23 神华铁路装备有限责任公司 轮对探伤设备和方法
CN113959743B (zh) * 2021-10-27 2023-03-24 株洲中车时代电气股份有限公司 一种用于动车轮对总成的故障模拟试验系统
CN116087322B (zh) * 2023-04-10 2023-06-13 莱州新忠耀机械有限公司 高速轨道车辆低温牵引传动箱体磁粉探伤方法及辅助工具

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4409465B2 (ja) * 2005-03-03 2010-02-03 財団法人鉄道総合技術研究所 鉄道車輪踏面の磁粉探傷検査装置
DE202016101253U1 (de) 2016-03-08 2016-03-23 Helling Gmbh Einrichtung zur Prüfung magnetisierbarer langgestreckter Werkstücke auf Querfehler in der Oberfläche des Werkstücks mittels einer Magnetpulverprüfung
CN206788106U (zh) * 2017-06-06 2017-12-22 中国铁路总公司 铁路轮轴自动化成像磁粉探伤机
CN207281004U (zh) * 2017-09-26 2018-04-27 王枫 异形线圈轮对磁粉探伤装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102019102046A1 (de) 2020-07-30
WO2020156804A1 (fr) 2020-08-06

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