EP3915744B1 - Battery pressure casting of ceramic hollow bodies - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a device for die-casting ceramic hollow bodies according to the features of the preamble of claim 1 and a method for producing ceramic hollow bodies by means of ceramic die-casting according to the features of claim 12.

From the DE 10 2005 002 254 B3 a device for the production of pressure-pressed ceramic objects, in particular cups, is known. This known device consists of a multi-part die casting mold which has a lower part, an upper part and side parts which define the mold cavity or cavity. The slip gate is flow-mechanically connected to an annular slip distribution chamber, which opens into the mold cavity and presses the slip into it. The pressure is maintained until the ceramic object is completely formed in the mold cavity. The mold is then opened and the ceramic object removed. Such a device is only intended for single-item production, which means that large quantities cannot be realized. How the mold parts are opened and closed is not specified in more detail.

The DE 195 20 234 C1 discloses an apparatus for die-casting hollow ceramic bodies, according to the preamble of claim 1, and a method for producing hollow ceramic bodies, according to the preamble of claim 12.

The present invention is based on the object of specifying a die-casting device and a method for producing ceramic hollow bodies that meet the increased requirements with regard to high quality of the ceramic hollow bodies.

The object is achieved according to the invention by a device for die-casting ceramic hollow bodies with the features of claim 1. Furthermore, this object is achieved according to the invention by a method for producing ceramic hollow bodies according to the features of claim 12. According to the invention, a device for die-casting ceramic hollow bodies is proposed, having the features of claim 1.

The frame can be designed as a supporting frame and have, for example, cross members and longitudinal members connecting them. In particular, the frame can be designed as a stable support frame for the die casting molds and/or the drive and/or the linkage.

Furthermore, the object is achieved according to the invention by a method for producing ceramic hollow bodies, wherein the ceramic hollow body is produced with the steps of claim 12.

In particular, it is provided that the method for the production of ceramic hollow bodies is carried out by means of a device according to the invention for the pressure casting of ceramic hollow bodies.

The advantage of the device and also the method for the production of ceramic hollow bodies is that the bottom mold part is always arranged centrally between the side mold parts during the opening and/or closing movement, even when using several die casting molds, and during demoulding, i.e. during opening or molding , i.e. when the die-casting mold is closed, the side parts are moved apart or together synchronously. This ensures that the ceramic bodies can also have filigree elements, since such filigree elements, or protruding elements such as a handle of the ceramic body, are retained when demolded and do not tear off.

In the device and in the method for the production of ceramic hollow bodies, it can be provided that a drive with only one drive element, for example a stepper motor or a lifting cylinder, is provided. The drive is in particular designed in such a way that it acts in particular only on the right or in particular only on the left lateral carriage in order to drive the right or the left lateral carriage. The drive force and the drive movement are transmitted via the linkage to the remaining carriages of the die-casting mold in order to move them and to close or open the die-casting mold synchronously, in particular at the same time. Provision can be made for the drive to act directly or indirectly on the linkage in order to close or open the die casting mold. Doing this is just a drive for that Form parts necessary, whereby the mold parts can be moved synchronously and different speeds of another drive do not have to be compensated. Furthermore, only one connection to the drive is necessary to open and close all mold parts of the die casting mold.

In particular, it is provided that the drive is mounted on the frame and drives several of the die-casting molds, preferably all die-casting molds, in order to open them in an opening direction and to close them in the opposite closing direction.

In the device and in the method for the production of ceramic hollow bodies, it can be provided that the linkage is designed as a scissor linkage, preferably as a double scissor linkage. A scissors linkage is formed by at least two arms and a swivel joint which pivotally connects the two arms to one another. With a double scissor linkage, four arms are formed. Each pair of arms are connected to one another in the middle via a swivel joint and preferably form an X. The four arms are then connected to one another at one end via two further swivel joints and thus form what is known as a scissor-type lattice. Due to the rotatable mounting of the arms, the distance between the end and center points of the scissor linkage can be varied. By designing the linkage as a double scissor linkage, the carriages can move synchronously with one another, since the double design can ensure that the distance between the left and right pivot joint to the middle pivot joint remains the same with every movement.

In the device and in the method for the production of ceramic hollow bodies, it can be provided that the linkage between the right-hand lateral carriage and the lower mold carriage has two arms, a first right-hand arm and a second right-hand arm, which are connected to one another by a right-hand arm swivel joint. the right arm pivot preferably connecting the two arms together midway. The first right arm is pivoted to the right side carriage by a right side carriage pivot and the second right arm is pivoted by a Bottom mold carriage swivel joint mounted rotatably on the bottom mold carriage, and/or that the linkage between the left side carriage and the bottom mold carriage has two arms, a first left arm and a second left arm, which are connected to one another by a left arm swivel joint, the left arm -Swivel joint preferably connects the two arms together in the middle. The first left arm is rotatably supported by a left side travel carriage pivot on the left side travel carriage, and the second left arm is rotatably supported by a lower mold carriage pivot on the lower mold carriage. In the device and in the method for the production of ceramic hollow bodies, it can be provided that the first right arm and the first left arm of the linkage are rotatably connected to one another via a central frame swivel joint. Furthermore, it can be provided that the second right arm and the second left arm are rotatably connected to one another via the same lower mold carriage rotary joint. The scissor-type lattice is preferably formed in this way. In the device and in the process for the production of ceramic

Hollow bodies, it is provided that two or three or four or five or more die-casting molds, each with at least three mold parts, are arranged in the device, with a right-hand side mold part, a left-hand side mold part and a bottom mold part being formed for each die-cast mold in the device.

In the device and in the method for the production of ceramic hollow bodies, it can be provided that the several die-casting molds are arranged next to one another, wherein preferably in the arrangement next to one another several right-hand side mold parts are arranged on the same right-hand lateral carriage and/or several left-hand side mold parts are arranged on the same left-hand lateral carriage and several bottom mold parts are arranged on the same lower mold carriage.

Preferably, several cavities can also be formed next to one another in a die-casting mold by one or more mold parts, or several cavities and several die-casting molds can be formed next to one another.

In the device and in the method for the production of ceramic hollow bodies, it can be provided that the several die casting molds are arranged one behind the other, i.e. preferably in the opening and/or closing direction, each with its own right side carriage and/or left side carriage and/or lower mold carriage. Preferably, several cavities can be formed in each die.

In the device and in the method for the production of ceramic hollow bodies, it can be provided that the multiple die casting molds are arranged next to one another and one behind the other. Preferably, several die-casting molds can be formed one behind the other, i.e. preferably in the opening and/or closing direction, and at the same time several die-casting molds can be formed next to each other for each lateral carriage and/or several cavities per die-casting mold can be formed.

In the device and the method for the production of ceramic hollow bodies, it can be provided that with several die casting molds, preferably arranged one behind the other, the right side carriage of the first die casting mold forms the left side carriage of a second die casting mold, and preferably that with several die casting molds the right side carriage rotary joint of the first die-casting mold forms the left-hand lateral travel carriage swivel joint of a second die-casting mold.

In the device and the method for the production of ceramic hollow bodies, it can be provided that with several die-casting molds, preferably arranged one behind the other, the left-hand side carriage of the first die-casting mold forms the right-hand side carriage of a second die-casting mold, and preferably that with several die-casting molds the left side carriage rotary joint of the first die-casting mold forms the right-hand lateral travel carriage swivel joint of a second die-casting mold.

In the device and in the method for the production of ceramic hollow bodies it can be provided that with several pressure casting molds, preferably arranged one behind the other, the left side carriage of the first die forms the right side carriage of a second die, and preferably that in the case of several dies the left side carriage pivot of the first die forms the right side carriage pivot of a second die.

In the device and in the method for the production of ceramic hollow bodies, it can be provided that if there are several die casting molds, preferably arranged one behind the other, each die casting mold has at least one side carriage for holding at least one molded part, and with a side carriage arranged between two die casting molds having a molded part on the front side a die-cast mold and on the back a molded part of the other die-cast mold.

In the device and in the method for the production of ceramic hollow bodies, it can be provided that, in the case of several die casting molds, the first right arm of the first die casting mold is rotatably connected to the first left arm of the second die casting mold via a right-hand frame swivel joint, and/or that in the case of several dies the first left arm of the first die is pivotally connected to the left first arm of the second die via a right frame pivot. As a result, all die casting molds can be moved synchronously with one another and with one another.

In the device and in the method for the production of ceramic hollow bodies, it can be provided that, in the case of several die casting molds, the first right arm of the first die casting mold is rotatably connected to the first left arm of the second die casting mold via a right side carriage rotary joint, and/or that in the case of several Die casting molds the first left arm of the first die is rotatably connected to the left first arm of the second die via a left side carriage pivot.

In the device and in the method for the production of ceramic hollow bodies, it can be provided that a pressure casting mold forms two or preferably more cavities in the closed state. So can three or four or six or eight or ten or even more cavities can be provided on a die casting mold. As a result, the number of ceramic hollow bodies to be produced in one cycle can be correspondingly increased.

In the device and in the method for the production of ceramic hollow bodies, it can be provided that the frame swivel joint has play, in particular a predetermined one, and/or that the right frame swivel joint has play and/or the left frame swivel joint has play, in particular having predetermined play. Dimensional differences in the molded parts and/or the die casting molds can be compensated for by the game.

In the device and in the method for the production of ceramic hollow bodies, it can be provided that the play of the joints is in the range of 5 mm to 0.5 mm, preferably between 3 mm and 1 mm, most preferably between 2.5 mm and 1 .5 mm.

In the device and in the method for producing ceramic hollow bodies, it can be provided that the die-casting mold has a fourth mold part, a head mold part, which is arranged on a head carriage.

In the device and in the method for the production of ceramic hollow bodies, it can be provided that the head carriage is arranged on the right or on the left side carriage or on the frame and this is moved during the opening and closing movement together with the right side carriage or the left side carriage or solely by the Linkage is moved, and preferably that the head carriage has a head drive, which moves the head mold part from above down onto the left and right side mold parts in order to completely close the die.

In the device and in the process for the production of ceramic hollow bodies, it can be provided that the right-hand side carriage and/or the left-hand side carriage and/or the lower mold carriage is guided over one, or two, or more round shafts, ie guide shafts, with the round shafts preferably being guided are arranged on the frame. The guide provides a custom-fit Opening and closing of the mold parts of the die casting molds safely. Thus, the shape of the cavity always remains the same and there are no unwanted edges that are caused, for example, by improperly closing the molded parts. Because the mold parts are movably mounted on the guide, the mold parts are opened essentially in a straight line. The mold parts are preferably opened without play in a direction perpendicular to the opening or closing direction. This avoids transverse forces acting on the shards that are caused by a movement of the molded parts perpendicular to the opening or closing direction.

In particular, it is also possible for the guide to have a straight guide carrier or a straight guide rail or a straight guide rod or a straight guide shaft.

In the device and in the method for the production of ceramic hollow bodies, it can be provided that the several die-casting molds, which are preferably arranged one behind the other, the several right-hand side carriages and/or the left-hand side carriages and/or the lower mold carriages are guided one after the other on the one or more round shafts .

In particular, opening the dies in a straight line also ensures that no transverse forces or shearing forces act on the shards, which could possibly deform them unintentionally or even lead to the shard breaking.

In the device and the method for producing ceramic hollow bodies, it can be provided that the right and left side mold part always have the same distance to the bottom mold part when closing in step i) and/or when opening in step v).

In the device and the method for the production of ceramic hollow bodies can be provided that the synchronous moving together in step i) takes place by closing the right side carriage and the lower mold carriage are moved, or by closing the left side traveling carriage and the lower mold carriage are moved, or by moving the right side traveling carriage and the left side traveling carriage and the lower mold carriage.

In the device and in the method for the production of ceramic hollow bodies, it can be provided that the synchronous moving apart in step v) takes place by moving the right side carriage and the lower mold carriage to the left side carriage when closing, or by moving the left side carriage and the lower mold carriage when closing to the right side carriage, or by moving the right side carriage and the left side carriage and the lower mold carriage.

In the device and in the method for the production of ceramic hollow bodies, it can be provided that compressed air is used to maintain a predetermined air pressure inside the cavities for a specific time in order to solidify the shards located in the cavities.

A plurality of ceramic hollow bodies can be produced synchronously with the at least two die casting molds and/or the at least two cavities in each case. The die casting molds and the cavities are preferably scalable. This means that significantly more than two die casting molds can also be provided. An upper limit is defined by the existing installation space in the longitudinal extent of the device, i.e. in the opening and/or closing direction. Practically, die-casting dies in the number of about 4 die-casting dies to 15 die-casting dies can be used. In the case of the cavities, the number of cavities is determined in particular by the installation space available transversely to the longitudinal extension. The use of 4 to 12 cavities per die casting mold has proven to be practical. With appropriate space conditions or with large or small ceramic hollow bodies, more or fewer than this practicable number of cavities or die-casting molds can be used.

The synchronous filling of the cavities and the synchronous removal of the shards offers the advantage of identical process variables and parameters, which ensures a consistently high quality of the ceramic hollow body and the scrap is reduced. This means that the requirement for large quantities can be met while the quality of the ceramic hollow bodies remains consistently high.

In the production of ceramic hollow bodies, a cavity is preferably completely filled with liquid slip. Due to dehydration, the liquid slip begins to solidify on the outer contour of the cavity. The dehydration is promoted, for example, by die casting molds made of plaster or porous plastic or other porous materials. The solidified part of the slip is also referred to as shards. The longer the shard is in the cavity, the further the water is removed and the thicker the surface layer of the shard is.

In order to form ceramic hollow bodies, it is usually provided that a cavity has an insert or a plurality of inserts or a core part or a plurality of core parts which is/are formed, for example, on a side mold part and/or the base mold part of the die casting mold. An insert or core part is, so to speak, a negative of the hollow shape of the ceramic part to be produced. However, no undercut cavities can be formed with an insert.

In the production of cups or mugs with handles, an insert is preferably formed through the base molding to form the shape of the ceramic hollow body.

In an embodiment in which a ceramic hollow body is to be formed without a core part or insert, provision can be made for liquid slip to be blown out of the cavity by means of compressed air after a predetermined period of time in the method between steps iii) and iv). In this case, no insert is required to form the shape of the ceramic hollow body. This means that undercut cavities, for example for bottles, can also be produced. Advantageously, the cycle time can be reduced because the liquid slip is blown out by means of compressed air. The dwell time of the body in the cavity depends on the shape and the desired edge thickness of the hollow body to be produced. As soon as a predetermined dwell time is reached, the excess liquid slip is then removed from the cavity by means of compressed air blown. After the liquid slip has been blown out, provision is made in particular for compressed air to maintain a predetermined air pressure inside the cavities for a specific time in order to solidify the shards located in the cavities. The further hardening of the shards by means of compressed air ensures, among other things, that the shards do not become unintentionally deformed after the die-casting mold is opened.

According to the invention, a gripping device is provided for demolding or removing the shards formed in the at least two or more dies. The gripping device can grip and/or remove all fragments formed in a die-casting mold at the same time. Or the gripping device can simultaneously grip and/or remove all fragments formed in the at least two die casting molds, in particular in all die casting molds. On the one hand, this enables rapid removal of the shards from the die-casting molds and thus a high number of cycles, and on the other hand, the dwell time of all shards in the die-casting mold or on the gripping device is fixed for the same length.

According to the invention, a gripping device is arranged on the frame for removing the shards formed in the at least two die casting molds from the mold, which gripping device is designed for synchronous or simultaneous fixing or gripping of the shards.

The gripping device grips or fixes the shards in the two or more die-casting molds synchronously. It can be provided that a molded part fixing the shards is moved away by the drive when the die-casting molds are opened from the shards fixed in place by the gripping device. It is thus possible, for example, for the shard to be fed to a drying system after it has been removed from the die casting mold, in which the shard dries or hardens partially or completely. The further drying or hardening of the shard ensures that the shard has sufficient strength to be transported further or further processed, for example.

For further transport, it is preferably possible for the die-casting device to have a conveyor belt, to which the shard is transferred by means of the gripping device. For this purpose, the conveyor belt can have holding devices in the form of cups or bowls, which are adapted to the shape of the shard, so that it can be safely transported further.

It is also preferably provided that the shard is transferred to further systems for post-treatment by means of the gripping device and/or the conveyor belt. The sherd can then be mechanically processed, for example by means of milling and/or drilling. Printing and/or coating of the shard is preferably also provided. For example, the shard can be coated with a protective layer, in particular a transparent protective layer, which protects the ceramic hollow body from mechanical and/or physical and/or chemical environmental influences. Furthermore, at least one layer of color can be applied to the shard by means of printing, as a result of which particularly optically high-quality ceramic hollow bodies can be produced. This also applies to multiple fragments from multiple cavities or multiple die casting molds.

It is also provided that, for demoulding, molded parts of all die casting molds are opened synchronously and the shards are fixed by a gripping device or are held by the respective lower mold carriage. In this case, all of the multiple die-casting molds are opened synchronously and at the same time the respective right and left side carriages of the multiple die-casting molds are moved apart synchronously with the lower mold carriage.

In particular, the gripping device has a plurality of parallel gripping arms, each gripping arm being assigned to a die-casting mold and a plurality of gripping tools corresponding to the number of cavities per die-casting mold being arranged on each gripping arm.

Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the one or more gripping arms extend essentially perpendicularly to the opening direction or closing direction of the at least two die casting molds.

It is also possible for the gripping arms to be driven so as to be movable perpendicular to the opening direction or closing direction in order to transport away the shards removed from the die casting molds.

In particular, it can be provided that the at least two dies are arranged in a straight line one behind the other in the opening direction or closing direction along the guide. In particular, it is possible for the guide to be arranged above and/or below the at least two die casting molds.

It is advantageously provided that the one or more lateral carriages and/or the one or more lower mold carriages are mounted on the guide. In this case, all side travel carriages and/or lower mold carriages can be movably mounted on the guide in the opening direction and closing direction, in particular displaceably. The guide preferably extends over the entire range of movement that the side carriages and/or lower mold carriages cover during a movement. In particular, the guide can extend in the opening direction or closing direction along the entire frame.

Preferably, one embodiment can provide that one of the side carriages is fixed in place on the guide and/or the frame, and that the other side carriages and lower mold carriages, in particular all other side carriages, are movably mounted on the guide. The fact that the guide guides the side carriages during an opening movement and/or closing movement ensures that the individual mold parts close with a precise fit and thus always form the same cavity.

In one configuration, the guide can be designed as a single guide, preferably as an upper guide or as a lower guide.

Provision can also be made for the guide to have a plurality of guides, for example an upper first guide and a lower second guide, with both guides being a straight guide carrier or a straight Guide rail or a straight guide rod or a straight guide shaft are formed. The one or more left and/or right side carriages and/or head carriages of the one or more die casting molds are preferably mounted on the upper first guide. The one or more left and/or right side travel carriages and the one or more lower mold carriages are preferably mounted on the lower second guide.

Provision can be made for the upper first guide to be designed as a continuous first upper guide when there are several die-casting molds one behind the other, i.e. preferably several die-casting molds arranged one behind the other in the opening and/or closing direction. Provision can be made for the lower second guide to be designed as a continuous second lower guide when there are several die-casting molds one behind the other, i.e. preferably several die-casting molds arranged one behind the other in the opening and/or closing direction.

It can be provided that the lower second guide is designed in several parts. For example, with several die-casting molds arranged one behind the other, i.e. preferably if several die-casting molds are arranged one behind the other in the opening and/or closing direction, the guide can be designed as a separate second lower guide for each die-casting mold, with a left and a right side carriage and a lower mold carriage of a die-casting mold is mounted on the separate second lower guide. The side carriages can have one or more slide bearings for the second lower guide. In order to avoid a collision of the separate lower guides when the die-casting molds are pushed together, the separate lower guides can be offset from one another in each die-casting mold.

The cavities of a die casting mold, preferably the cavities of each of the die casting molds, are preferably arranged next to one another in a direction transverse to the opening direction or closing direction.

In the closed position, the die-casting molds can be locked against one another via a locking device in order to prevent unintentional opening when pressure is applied to the die-casting molds. In particular, it can also be provided that the drive locks the die casting molds in the closed position, so that no additional locking device is required.

It is preferably possible for the drive to synchronously open and/or synchronously close the at least two die casting molds, in particular all die casting molds, preferably by the drive pulling the at least two die casting molds apart in the opening direction, in particular in a straight line, and in an opposite closing direction, in particular in a straight line, moved towards each other. The fact that all die casting molds are opened and closed via the same drive via the gear and the die casting molds are mechanically coupled via the gear means that the die casting molds are always opened and closed at the same time. This eliminates the need for a complex controller, since only the drive needs to be controlled to open and close the die casting molds. Furthermore, this ensures that all shards are removed at the same time and that they have the same dwell time in the cavity, which means that differences in quality among the shards are almost impossible.

In particular, opening the dies in a straight line also ensures that no transverse forces or shearing forces act on the shards, which could possibly deform them unintentionally or even lead to the shard breaking.

Furthermore, the use of a common drive for all die casting molds results in the advantage of a compact design.

The drive is preferably designed as a linear drive, in particular a linear drive with a hydraulic cylinder, or as a linear drive with a compressed air cylinder, or as a linear drive with an electric spindle drive.

Slip and/or compressed air can preferably be introduced into a cavity of the die casting mold through the base mold part and/or through the top mold part. In particular, when the slip is introduced through the head molding, the injection of the slip is assisted by the force of gravity, as a result of which the injection time can be further shortened.

In addition, it is provided in particular that during demoulding all fragments are released synchronously from their die-cast mold by means of an ejection of compressed air. Preferably, the molded parts of all die casting molds holding the shards are moved away synchronously from the shards at the same time as the compressed air blast or after the compressed air blast. By demoulding all shards by means of a compressed air ejection, there is no need for mechanical demoulding of the shards, which minimizes the risk of possible breakage due to demoulding. Simultaneous demoulding ensures that all ceramic hollow bodies formed have the same strength and/or the same water content.

It is also possible for the shards to initially remain in the bottom mold part of the die casting molds for a predetermined period of time during demoulding. For example, the base molding can have a peg in order to shape a cavity of the hollow body to be manufactured. During this period of time, the shard can remain on the base molding and/or on the spigot and can continue to dry there and be solidified as a result. After this period of time has elapsed, the shards can be fixed or gripped by the gripping device or transported away from the base molding.

The die-casting device according to the invention is particularly suitable for the production of ceramic hollow bodies, such as drinking bottles, cups or other drinking vessels. Such a die-casting device according to the invention, or a method according to the invention for the production of ceramic hollow bodies, offers considerable economic advantages, which accumulate in the production of an increased number of pieces per unit of time and in a reduction in production costs. Due to the constant process parameters and process variables, a consistently high quality of the ceramic hollow body is achieved.

Fig. 1:

eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zum Druckgießen keramischer Hohlkörper, mit einer offenen Druckgussform;

Fig. 2:

eine schematische Darstellung einer weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zum Druckgießen keramischer Hohlkörper, mit mehreren offenen Druckgussformen;

Fig. 3:

eine schematische Darstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung aus Fig. 2, mit mehreren geschlossenen Druckgussformen;

Fig. 4:

eine Schnittdarstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung aus Fig. 2 und 3, mit mehreren geschlossenen Druckgussformen;

Fig.5:

eine schematische Darstellung einer Druckgussvorrichtung in der Vorderansicht;

Fig. 6

eine schematische Darstellung einer Druckgussvorrichtung in der Draufsicht;

Fig. 7

eine schematische Schnittdarstellung in horizontaler Richtung durch den Unterformschlitten und die Seitenfahrschlitten mit separaten zweiten Führungsschienen im geöffneten Zustand der Druckgussformen;

Fig. 8

eine schematische Schnittdarstellung in horizontaler Richtung durch den Unterformschlitten und die Seitenfahrschlitten mit separaten zweiten Führungsschienen im geschlossenen Zustand der Druckgussformen.

Further embodiments of the invention are shown in the figures and described below. show:

Figure 1:

a schematic representation of a device according to the invention for die-casting ceramic hollow bodies, with an open die-casting mold;

Figure 2:

a schematic representation of another device according to the invention for die-casting ceramic hollow bodies, with several open die-casting molds;

Figure 3:

a schematic representation of the device according to the invention 2 , with several closed dies;

Figure 4:

a sectional view of the device according to the invention 2 and 3 , with several closed dies;

Figure 5:

a schematic representation of a die-casting device in the front view;

6

a schematic representation of a die-casting device in plan view;

7

a schematic sectional view in the horizontal direction through the lower mold carriage and the side carriage with separate second guide rails in the open state of the die casting molds;

8

a schematic sectional view in the horizontal direction through the lower mold carriage and the side carriage with separate second guide rails in the closed state of the die casting molds.

In the figures, a possible embodiment of the invention is shown as an example. This configuration serves to explain a possible implementation of the invention and should not be understood as limiting.

figure 1 shows a device 1 for die-casting ceramic hollow bodies, with a frame 20 and a die-casting mold 10. The frame 10 has a right-hand post 61 and a left-hand post 62, with an upper first guide rail 63 and a lower second guide rail 64 being arranged between the two posts are. In this exemplary embodiment, the guide rails 63 and 64 are each formed by two guide axes. The die 10 is arranged on the guide rails 63 and 64 .

The die 10 consists of a right side mold part 11, a left side mold part 12, a base mold part 13 and a head mold part 14. The right side mold part 11 is arranged on a right side carriage 21. The left side molding 12 is arranged on a left side carriage 22 . The bottom mold part 13 is arranged on a lower mold carriage 23 . The head mold part 14 is arranged on a head carriage 24 . In figure 1 an open die casting mold 10 is shown. In the closed state, the right side mold part 11, the left side mold part 12, the base mold part 13 and the top mold part 14 form a cavity 3 (not shown in FIG figure 1 ).

In figure 1 the left side carriage 22 is fixedly arranged on the left post 62 and is held supported on the first and second guide rails 63, 64 at the same time. The right-hand side carriage 21 is movably mounted between the two guide rails 63 and 64 and can be moved horizontally along the guide rails via a drive 2 . The lower mold carriage 23 is mounted on the lower guide rail 64 so that it can move in the horizontal direction. The head carriage 24 is in the embodiment figure 1 fixedly arranged on the left side carriage 22. The guide ensures a precise opening and closing of the mold parts of the die casting molds. Because the mold parts are movably mounted on the guide, the mold parts are opened essentially in a straight line. The mold parts are preferably opened without play in a direction perpendicular to the opening or closing direction. This will It is avoided that transverse forces act on the shards, which are caused by a movement of the molded parts perpendicular to the opening or closing direction.

In the embodiment of figure 1 the drive 2 includes a hydraulic cylinder and a plunger, which is connected to the right-hand side carriage 21 and acts on it in the opening or closing direction. It is also possible for the drive 2 to be in the form of a linear drive, in particular a linear drive with a hydraulic cylinder, or as a linear drive with a compressed air cylinder or as a linear drive with an electric spindle drive.

The right lateral carriage 21, the left lateral carriage 22 and the lower mold carriage 23 are movably connected to one another via a linkage 4. As in figure 1 shown, the linkage 4 between the right side travel carriage 21 and the lower mold carriage 23 has two arms, a first right arm 31 and a second right arm 32 which are connected to one another by a right arm swivel joint 33 . The first right arm 31 is rotatably supported by a right side travel carriage pivot 34 on the right side travel carriage 21 and the second right arm 32 is rotatably supported by a lower mold carriage pivot 51 on the lower mold carriage 23 .

Furthermore, the linkage 4 has two arms between the left lateral travel carriage 22 and the lower mold carriage 23 , a first left arm 41 and a second left arm 42 which are connected to one another by a left arm swivel joint 43 . The first left arm 41 is rotatably supported by a left side travel carriage pivot 44 on the left side travel carriage 22 and the second left arm 42 is rotatably supported by a lower mold carriage pivot 51 on the lower mold carriage 23 .

Next are as in figure 1 As shown, the first right arm 31 and the first left arm 41 of the linkage 4 are pivotally connected to each other via a central frame pivot 52 . Furthermore, the second right and left arms 32 and 42 are rotatably connected to each other via the lower mold carriage pivot joint 51 but thereby obtain a rotatable fixed point on the lower mold carriage 23. As a result, the first and second right and left arms form a scissor linkage.

To produce a ceramic hollow body, the device in figure 1 shifted by the drive 2 of the right lateral carriage 21 to the left in the direction of the left lateral carriage 22 and thereby also the lower mold carriage 23 shifted to the left in the direction of the left lateral carriage 22 by the linkage 4. Due to the connection via the linkage and the resulting synchronous movement of the lateral carriages 21 and 22 and the lower mold carriage 23 when the die-casting mold 10 is closed, the distance between the right lateral carriage 21 and the lower mold carriage 23 remains exactly the same as the distance between the left lateral carriage 22 and the lower mold carriage 23. For this purpose, the right side carriage swivel joint 34, the left side carriage swivel joint 44 and the lower mold carriage swivel joint 51 are designed as rotatable fixed points of the linkage 4, which move relative to one another when one of the carriages is moved. By designing the linkage as a double scissor linkage, the synchronous movement of the carriages can be achieved. During the closing movement, the right and left side carriages 21 and 22 and the lower mold carriage 23 are pushed together, in particular in a straight line, and pulled apart in a later opening movement in an opposite opening direction, in particular in a straight line.

In the embodiment of figure 1 the right side mold part 11, the left side mold part 12 and the bottom mold part 13 are first transferred to the closed, ie pushed together state. Then the head mold part 14 is lowered from above by the head drive 5 onto the already closed mold parts 11, 12 and 13 and thus closes the die casting mold 10.

The die casting mold 10 in figure 1 has a slip conveying device 70, whereby the slip is pumped into the cavity 3 (not shown in FIG figure 1 ) of the die 10 is injected or flows into the cavity 3. In this exemplary embodiment, the slip conveying device 70 fills the die casting mold 10 from above. This has the advantage that the injection of the liquid slip is assisted by gravity and the injection time is therefore reduced. In particular, it is provided that the liquid slip under pressure, which is preferably generated by a pump, into the die casting mold 10 is injected. Provision is also made for the slip conveying device 70 to be arranged below the die casting molds 10 . Furthermore, it is preferably possible that slip and/or compressed air can be introduced into a cavity 3 of the die casting mold 10 through the bottom mold part 13 or through the top mold part 14 .

After solidification of the sherd (not shown in figure 1 ) the shard can be removed after opening the die-casting mold 10. When opening the die 10 in the embodiment of figure 1 first the head molding 14 is moved upwards away from the sherd by the head drive 5. The die casting mold 10 is then opened completely by the drive 2 moving the right side carriage 21 to the right, ie moving it away from the left side carriage 22 . At the same time, the lower mold carriage 23 is also moved to the right by the linkage 4 , ie it is moved away from the left side carriage 22 . During this synchronous opening movement of the right side carriage 11, the left side carriage 12 and the lower mold carriage 23 relative to one another, the shard (not shown in figure 1 ) on the bottom mold part 13 and can be removed from there after the die casting mold 10 has been completely opened.

figure 2 1 shows a second exemplary embodiment of the device 1 according to the invention for die-casting ceramic hollow bodies with open die-casting molds 10. This exemplary embodiment differs from the exemplary embodiment in FIG figure 1 only in that several die casting molds 10 are arranged one behind the other, ie in the opening or closing direction.

As in figure 1 will in the figure 2 the first right side traveling carriage 21 is driven by the drive 2 in the opening or closing direction. Through the linkage 4, preferably through the scissors arrangement of the arms in the linkage 4, all dies 10 are opened or closed simultaneously, synchronously. Due to the connection via the linkage and the resulting synchronous movement of the side carriages 21 and 22 and the lower mold carriage 23 when all die casting molds 10 are closed, the distance between all right side carriages 21 and all lower mold carriages 23 remains just as large as the distance between all left side carriages 22 and all lower mold slides 23 of the respective die 10. This also applies to the opening movement of the device 1.

In the training example of figure 2 For example, all dies 10 have a right side mold part 11, a left side mold part 12, a bottom mold part 13 and a head mold part 14. The arrangement of the molded parts differs in figure 2 but from the embodiment of figure 1 . Each die 10 has its own lower mold carriage 23 . However, the individual die casting molds 10 share some of the carriages. As a result, the left side carriage 22 of the far right die-casting mold 10 is at the same time the right side carriage 21 of the second die-casting mold 10 from the right. Only on the two side carriages at the edge, ie the far right side carriage 21 which is connected to the drive 4 and the far left side carriage 22 which is connected to the frame 20, only one molded part is arranged.

Thus, in the case of several die casting molds 10, part of the right side carriage 21 of the first die casting mold 10 forms the left side carriage 22 of a second die casting mold. Next is in the embodiment figure 2 It is shown that for a portion of the plurality of dies 10, the right side carriage pivot 34 of the first die 10 forms the left side carriage pivot 44 of a second die.

This also applies to the left side carriage 22 in the figure 2 , in which case the left side carriage 22 of the first die 10 forms the right side carriage 21 of a second die 10 for a portion of the plurality of dies 10, and that the left side carriage pivot joint 44 of the first die 10 forms the right side carriage for a portion of the plurality of dies 10 -Swivel joint 34 forms a second die, as in figure 2 is shown.

figure 2 10 further shows that the linkage 4 corresponding to the multiple dies 10 is designed in such a way that in some of the multiple dies 10 the first right arm 31 of a first die 10 is connected to the first left arm 41 of a second die 10 via a right frame pivot joint 35 is rotatably connected, and in a part of the plurality of dies 10, the first left arm 31 of the first die 10 is rotatably connected to the left first arm 41 of the second die 10 via a right frame pivot 35. A synchronous movement of all the die casting molds 10 and the respective mold parts relative to one another is thus obtained.

figure 3 shows the device for die casting of ceramic hollow bodies from figure 2 with closed die casting molds 10. The drive 2 and the linkage 4 pushed all the die casting molds 10 and thus all the side mold parts to the bottom mold parts together synchronously, and in a final step the respective head carriage 24 with the head mold parts 14 was then pushed onto the top drive 5 by the respective top drive 5 Side mold parts down and the die-casting molds 10 have been closed with it.

figure 4 shows the device for die casting of ceramic hollow bodies from figures 2 and 3 with closed dies 10 as in figure 3 as a sectional view in the area of the second guide rail 64. The guide rail 64, designed as a guide shaft in this exemplary embodiment, extends through the right-hand lateral carriage 21, the left-hand lateral carriage 22 and the lower mold carriage 23. The guide ensures that the mold parts of the die-casting molds are opened and closed with a precise fit. Because the mold parts are movably mounted on the guide, the mold parts are opened essentially in a straight line. The mold parts are preferably opened without play in a direction perpendicular to the opening or closing direction. This avoids transverse forces acting on the shards that are caused by a movement of the molded parts perpendicular to the opening or closing direction. Like the second guide rail 64, the first guide rail 63 can be designed as a guide shaft.

The figures 5 and 6 show a side view and a top view of a device 1 according to the invention for die-casting ceramic hollow bodies with a gripping device 80, a drying station 71, a gripping robot 84 and a conveyor belt 85. These are arranged in the immediate vicinity of the die-casting device 1. Due to this compact design, due to the short Traverse paths of the gripping device 3, the cycle times are reduced, which in turn results in a higher number of items.

The gripping device 80 includes a trolley 81 which is movably mounted along guides, so that the trolley 81 can be moved in a translatory manner perpendicular to the opening and closing direction of the die casting molds 10 . Preferably, the trolley 81 is powered by a linear motor or servo motor, or pneumatically or hydraulically. A gripping column 82 is preferably mounted on the trolley, which in turn has one or more of the gripping arms 83 .

In order to enable the ceramic hollow bodies to be transported away, the gripping device 80 has a plurality of parallel gripping arms 83 (see figure 6 ), each gripping arm 83 being associated with a die 10 . A plurality of gripping tools corresponding to the number of cavities 3 per die 10 are arranged on each gripping arm 83 . In order to produce larger quantities, the die casting molds 10 can have a plurality of cavities 3 which are arranged one behind the other in a straight line. The gripping arms 83 extend essentially perpendicularly to the opening direction or closing direction of the die casting molds 10.

The gripper arms 83 are driven to move perpendicularly to the opening direction or closing direction in order to transport away the shards removed from the die casting molds 10 .

It is provided that the gripping device 80 grips or fixes all fragments in the die casting molds 10 synchronously, with the discs being arranged on the base mold part 13 after the die casting molds 10 have been opened. After the shards have been gripped by the gripping device 80, it is provided that the shards are fed to a drying station 71 in order to completely and/or partially dry or harden them there for further processing and/or further transport. It is also possible for the drying and/or curing step to be omitted or carried out at a later point in time.

After drying, the letters are transferred to a spindle belt 72 or a conveyor belt 11 by the gripping device 80 .

The shards arranged one behind the other in a row on the drying station 71 are transferred piece by piece to the spindle belt 72 one after the other. The spindle belt 72 can serve as a means of transport or for positioning the shards when they are in the working area of the cleaning stations.

It is then provided that the spindle belt 72 or the conveyor belt 85, which can also be loaded by a gripping robot 84, feeds the shards to other systems, where post-treatment of the shards is carried out. For example, the shards can be glazed and/or printed, in particular with a protective layer, preferably a transparent protective layer, being applied, which protects the shards from mechanical and/or physical and/or chemical environmental influences. It is also possible for the shard to be colored so that individual ceramic products can be produced that create a particularly high-quality visual impression. Furthermore, it can be provided that the shard is post-processed by means of mechanical forming methods, such as milling and/or drilling.

The Figures 7 and 8 show an exemplary embodiment of the guide rail 64 in a schematic sectional representation of the device for die casting 1 in the closed and open state of the die casting molds 10. The section of the representations runs in the horizontal direction at the level of the lower mold carriage 23 as an example through one of the devices 1 for die casting of the preceding exemplary embodiments with several Die casting molds 10, wherein in the embodiment of Figures 7 and 8 separate second guide rails 64 are formed for each die 10 .

As in the Figures 7 and 8 shown, a lower guide rail 64 is designed as a double, or double, guide shaft 65 for each individual die casting mold 10, which guides the right lateral carriage 21, the left lateral carriage 22 and the lower mold carriage 24 of a die casting mold 10 in plain bearings. The two lower guide shafts 65 of each separate guide rail 64 are arranged horizontally one behind the other.

The lower guide rails 64 on the left or right of adjacent dies 10 are each designed as further separate lower guide rails 64 each with two (double) guide shafts 65 . The figure 7 shows on the left side of the left side carriage 22 and the right side of the right side carriage 21 two further guide shafts 65 of the separate guide rails 64 of the adjacent die-casting molds 10. In order to be able to build more compactly, the guide shafts 65 of different die-casting molds 10, as in Figures 7 and 8 shown offset from each other in the horizontal plane.

Reference List

1

Die casting device

2

drive

3

cavity

4

linkage

5

head drive

10

die casting mould

11

right side molding

12

left side molding

13

bottom molding

14

head molding

20

Frame

21

right side carriage

22

left side carriage

23

lower mold slide

24

head slide

31

first right arm

32

second right arm

33

right arm pivot

34

right side trolley swivel joint

35

right frame pivot

41

first left arm

42

second left arm

43

left arm pivot

44

left side trolley swivel joint

45

left frame pivot

51

Bottom mold slide pivot

52

center frame pivot

61

right post

62

left post

63

first guide rail

64

second guide rail

65

guide shafts

70

slip conveyor

71

drying station

72

spindle tape

80

gripping device

81

trolley

82

gripping column

83

gripper arm

84

gripping robot

85

conveyor belt

Claims (13)

1. Device (1) for die casting ceramic hollow bodies, having

   a frame (20), and

   two or more die casting moulds (10) arranged on the frame (20), wherein the two or more die casting moulds (10) each have at least three mould parts: a right side mould part (11), a left side mould part (12) and a base mould part (13), and

   wherein the right side mould part (11) is arranged on a right side carriage (21), and

   wherein the left side mould part (12) is arranged on a left side carriage (22), and wherein the base mould part (13) is arranged on a bottom mould carriage (23),

   wherein the right side carriage (21), the left side carriage (22) and the bottom mould carriage (23) are moveably mounted in relation to one another, and

   wherein the device (1) further has a drive (2) in order to move the right side carriage (21), the left side carriage (22) and the bottom mould carriage (23) in relation to one another in such a manner that the mould parts (11, 12, 13) are opened or closed, and

   the two or more die casting moulds (10) each form at least one cavity (3) in the closed state, and

   the right side carriage (21) and the left side carriage (22) and the bottom mould carriage (23) are connected with one another via a linkage (4), and

   that the linkage (4) is formed in such a manner, that during opening and/or during closing it, the right side carriage (21) and/or the left side carriage (22) and/or the bottom mould carriage (23) is/are moved, and

   the linkage (4) is formed in such a manner that, during opening and during closing, the right side mould part (11) and the left side mould part (12) move together or move apart synchronously with the base mould part (13),

   characterised in that

   for demoulding the pieces formed in the two or more die casting moulds (10), a gripping device (80) is arranged on the frame (20), which is formed for synchronously or simultaneously fastening or gripping the pieces.
2. Device (1) for die casting according to claim 1,
   characterised in that
   the linkage (4) is formed as a scissor linkage, preferably as a double scissor linkage.
3. Device (1) for die casting according to claim 1 or 2,
   characterised in that
   the linkage (4) has two arms between the right side carriage (21) and the bottom mould carriage (23): a first right arm (31) and a second right arm (32), which are connected to each other by a right arm rotary joint (33), and wherein the first right arm (31) is rotatably mounted on the right side carriage (21) by a right side carriage rotary joint (34) and the second right arm (32) is rotatably mounted on the bottom mould carriage (23) by a bottom mould carriage rotary joint (51).
4. Device (1) for die casting according to one of claims 1 to 3,
   characterised in that
   the linkage (4) has two arms between the left side carriage (22) and the bottom mould carriage (23), a first left arm (41) and a second left arm (42), which are connected to each other by a left arm rotary joint (43), and wherein the first left arm (41) is rotatably mounted on the left side carriage (22) by a left side carriage rotary joint (44) and the second left arm (42) is rotatably mounted on the bottom mould carriage (23) by a bottom mould carriage rotary joint (51).
5. Device for die casting according to one of the preceding claims,
   characterised in that
   the multiple die casting moulds (10) are arranged one alongside the other on the same right side carriage (21) and left side carriage (22) and bottom mould carriage (23).
6. Device for die casting according to one of the preceding claims,
   characterised in that
   the multiple die casting moulds (10) are arranged one behind the other, preferably are arranged in the opening and/or closing direction, wherein the multiple die casting moulds (10) are each arranged on their own right side carriage (21) and/or left side carriage (22) and/or bottom mould carriage (23).
7. Device for die casting according to one of the preceding claims,
   characterised in that
   the die casting mould (10) forms two or more cavities (3) in the closed state.
8. Device for die casting according to one of the preceding claims,
   characterised in that
   the frame rotary joint (52) has a clearance and/or that right frame rotary joint (35) and/or the left frame rotary joint (45) has a clearance.
9. Device for die casting according to claim 8,
   characterised in that
   the clearance of the joints lies in the range of 5 to 0.5 mm, preferably lies between 3 and 1 mm, most preferably lies between 2.5 and 1.5 mm.
10. Device for die casting according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the die casting mould (10) has a fourth mould part, a top mould part (14), which is arranged on a top carriage (24).
11. Device for die casting according to claim 10,
    characterised in that
    the top carriage (24) is arranged on the right or on the left side carriage (21, 22) or on the linkage (4) and this is moved together with the right side carriage (21) or the left side carriage (22) or solely by means of the linkage (4) during the opening and closing movement, and preferably the top carriage (24) has a top drive (5), which moves the top mould part (14) from above onto the left and right side carriage (21, 22), in order to completely close the die casting mould (10).
12. Method for producing ceramic hollow bodies, in particular by means of ceramic die casting, preferably with a device for die casting ceramic hollow bodies according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the ceramic hollow bodies are produced with the following steps:

    i) synchronously moving each of a right side mould part towards the base mould part and a left side mould part towards the base mould part of the two or more die casting moulds by means of a drive and a linkage,

    ii) bringing down a top mould part onto the side mould parts by means of a top drive,

    iii) inserting slurry into a cavity of two or more die casting moulds, in order to respectively form a piece,

    iv) respectively bringing up the top mould part by means of the top drive,

    v) synchronously moving, respectively, the right side mould part away from the base mould part and the left side mould part away from the base mould part by means of the drive and the linkage, characterised by the following step:
    vi) synchronously or simultaneously fastening or gripping the pieces for demoulding the pieces formed in the at least two die casting moulds, by means of a gripping device, which is arranged on the frame.
13. Method for die casting according to claim 12,
    characterised in that

    the method is carried out with a device that has two or more die casting moulds (10), which each have multiple mould parts that are moveable relative to each other: a right side mould part, a left side mould part, a base mould part and a top mould part, and wherein the mould parts form at least one cavity in the closed state,

    wherein the right side mould part (11) is arranged on a right side carriage (21), and

    wherein the left side mould part (12) is arranged on a left side carriage (22) and wherein the base mould part (13) is arranged on a bottom mould carriage (23), and wherein the top mould part is arranged on a top carriage (24), and

    wherein the right side carriage (21), the left side carriage (22) and the bottom mould carriage (23) and the top carriage (24) are mounted moveably relative to one another, and

    wherein, by means of a drive, the right side carriage (21), the left side carriage (22) and the bottom mould carriage (23) can be moved towards one another, and wherein, by means of a top drive (5), the top mould carriage (24) is moveable, and

    wherein the two or more die casting moulds, consisting of the mould parts, are opened and/or closed by means of the drive (2) and the top drive (5) and the two or more die casting moulds (10) form at least one cavity (3) in the closed state, and

    wherein at least the right side carriage, the left side carriage and the bottom mould carriage are connected to one another by a linkage, and

    wherein the linkage (4) is formed in such a manner that, during opening and during closing it, the right side mould part (11) and the left side mould part (12) move together or move apart synchronously with the base mould part (13).

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