EP3915744A2 - Battery pressure casting of ceramic hollow bodies - Google Patents

Abstract

Device (1) for die-casting ceramic hollow bodies, with at least one die-casting mold (10) arranged on a frame (20), with at least one right side molding part (11), a left side molding part (12) and a bottom molding part (13), which is on a right side molding part (11) Side carriage (21) and on a left side carriage (22) and on a lower mold carriage (23) are arranged. It is essential that the right side slide (21) and the left side slide (22) and the lower mold slide (23) are connected to one another via a linkage (4), and that the linkage (4) is designed in such a way that when opening and / or when closing the right side carriage (21) and / or the left side carriage (22) and / or the lower mold carriage (23) is / are moved, and that the linkage (4) is designed in such a way that the right side mold part ( 11) and the left side molding (12) move together or apart synchronously with the bottom molding (13).

Description

The invention relates to a device for die casting ceramic hollow bodies according to the features of the preamble of claim 1 and a method for producing ceramic hollow bodies by means of ceramic die casting according to the features of claim 16.

From the DE 10 2005 002 254 B3 a device for the production of pressure-pressed ceramic objects, in particular cups, is known. This known device consists of a multi-part die casting mold which has a lower part, an upper part and side parts which define the mold cavity or a cavity. The slip infusion is fluidically connected to an annular slip distribution chamber which opens into the mold cavity and presses the slip into it. The pressure is maintained until the ceramic object is completely formed in the mold cavity. Then the mold is opened and the ceramic object is removed. Such a device is only intended for one-off production, which means that large numbers cannot be produced. How the molded parts are opened and closed is not specified in more detail.

The present invention is based on the object of specifying a die-casting device and a method for producing ceramic hollow bodies which ensure the increased requirements with regard to a high quality of the ceramic hollow bodies.

The object is achieved according to the invention by a device for die casting ceramic hollow bodies having the features of claim 1. Furthermore, this object is achieved according to the invention by a method for producing ceramic hollow bodies according to the features of claim 16.

According to the invention, a device for die-casting ceramic hollow bodies is proposed, with a frame and with at least one die-casting mold arranged on the frame. The at least one die casting mold has at least three mold parts, a right side mold part, a left side mold part and a bottom mold part, and wherein the right side mold part is arranged on a right side carriage, and wherein the left side mold part is arranged on a left side carriage, and wherein the bottom mold part a lower mold slide is arranged. The right side carriage, the left side carriage and the lower mold carriage are movably supported in relation to one another. The device further has a drive to move the right side slide, the left side slide and the lower mold slide towards one another in such a way that the mold parts are opened or closed and the at least one die casting mold forms at least one cavity in the closed state. It is essential that the right side slide and the left side slide and the lower mold slide are connected to one another via a linkage, and that the linkage is designed in such a way that when opening and / or closing the right side travel slide and / or the left side travel slide and / or the lower mold slide is / are moved, and that the linkage is designed such that when opening and / or closing the right side molding and the left side molding move together or apart synchronously with the bottom molding.

The frame can be designed as a load-bearing frame and, for example, have cross members and longitudinal members connecting them. In particular, the frame can be designed as a stable support frame for the die casting molds and / or the drive and / or the linkage.

1. i) synchrones Zusammenfahren eines rechten Seitenformteils zum Bodenformteil und eines linken Seitenformteils zum Bodenformteil einer Druckgussform durch einen Antrieb und ein Gestänge,
2. ii) Herunterfahren eines Kopfformteils durch einen Kopfantrieb auf die Seitenformteile,
3. iii) Einbringen von Schlicker in eine Kavität der Druckgussform um eine Scherbe zu bilden,
4. iv) Herauffahren des Kopfformteils durch den Kopfantrieb,
5. v) synchrones Auseinanderfahren des rechten Seitenformteils zum Bodenformteil und des linken Seitenformteils zum Bodenformteil durch den Antrieb und das Gestänge.

Furthermore, the object is achieved according to the invention by a method for producing ceramic hollow bodies, the ceramic hollow body being produced with the following steps:

1. i) synchronous moving together of a right side mold part to the bottom mold part and a left side mold part to the bottom mold part of a die casting mold by a drive and a linkage,
2. ii) lowering a head molding by a head drive onto the side molding,
3. iii) Introducing slip into a cavity of the die casting mold to form a shard,
4. iv) moving up the head molding by the head drive,
5. v) synchronous moving apart of the right side molding to the bottom molding and the left side molding to the bottom molding by the drive and the linkage.

The method for producing ceramic hollow bodies can preferably be carried out by means of a device for die-casting a ceramic hollow body, which is designed as follows: The device has at least one die-casting mold, each of which has several mold parts that can move relative to one another, a right side molding part, a left side molding part, a bottom molded part and a head molded part, and wherein the molded parts form at least one cavity in the closed state. The right side mold part is arranged on a right side carriage, and the left side mold part is arranged on a left side carriage, and the bottom mold part is arranged on a lower mold carriage, and the head mold part is arranged on a head carriage. The right side carriage, the left side carriage and the lower mold carriage and the head mold carriage are movably mounted with respect to one another. The right side carriage, the left side carriage and the lower mold carriage can be moved to one another via a drive, the head carriage being movable via a head drive. The die-casting mold, consisting of the molded parts, is opened and / or closed by the drive and the head drive, as a result of which the at least one die-casting mold forms at least one cavity in the closed state. A pin or a core part can be integrally formed on the bottom molding in order to provide a Form a cavity in the hollow ceramic body to be formed. For example, for molding a ceramic hollow body, in particular a cup. At least the right side mold slide, the left side mold slide and the lower mold slide are connected to one another via a linkage, the linkage being designed in such a way that when opening and closing the right side molding part and the left side molding part move together or apart synchronously with the bottom molding.

In particular, it is provided that the method for the production of ceramic hollow bodies is carried out by means of a device according to the invention for die casting ceramic hollow bodies.

The advantage of the device and also of the method for the production of ceramic hollow bodies is that the bottom molding is always arranged in the middle between the side mold parts during the opening and / or closing movement, even when using several die casting molds, and during demolding, ie when opening or molding , ie when the die-casting mold is closed, the side parts are moved apart or together synchronously. This can ensure that the ceramic body can also have filigree elements, since such filigree elements, or protruding elements such as a handle of the ceramic body, are retained during removal from the mold and do not tear off.

In the device and in the method for producing hollow ceramic bodies, provision can be made for a drive with only one drive element, for example a stepping motor or a lifting cylinder, to be provided. The drive is designed in particular so that it acts in particular only on the right or in particular only on the left side carriage in order to drive the right or the left side carriage. The drive force and the drive movement are transmitted via the linkage to the remaining slides of the die casting mold in order to move them and to close or open the die casting mold synchronously, in particular at the same time. It can be provided that the drive acts directly or indirectly on the linkage in order to close or open the die casting mold. Doing this is just a drive for that Molded parts are necessary, which means that the molded parts can be moved synchronously and different speeds of a further drive do not have to be compensated for. Furthermore, only one connection to the drive is necessary in order to open and close all mold parts of the die casting mold.

In particular, it is provided that the drive is mounted on the frame and drives several of the die casting molds, preferably all of the die casting molds, in order to open them in one opening direction and to close them in the opposite closing direction.

In the device and in the method for producing ceramic hollow bodies, it can be provided that the linkage is designed as a scissor linkage, preferably as a double scissor linkage. A scissor linkage is formed by at least two arms and a swivel joint, which connects the two arms to one another in a rotatable manner. With a double scissor linkage, four arms are formed. In each case two arms are connected to one another in the middle via a swivel joint and preferably form an X. The four arms are then connected to one another at one end via two further swivel joints and thus form a so-called concertina gate. Due to the rotatable mounting of the arms, the distance between the end and middle points of the scissor linkage can be varied. By designing the linkage as a double scissor linkage, the synchronous movement of the carriages with one another can be achieved, since the double design ensures that the distance between the left and right swivel joint to the central swivel joint remains the same for every movement.

In the device and in the method for the production of ceramic hollow bodies it can be provided that the linkage between the right side slide and the lower mold slide has two arms, a first right arm and a second right arm, which are connected to one another by a right arm swivel joint, the right arm hinge preferably connecting the two arms to one another in the middle. The first right arm is rotatably supported by a right side carriage swivel joint on the right side carriage and the second right arm is supported by a Lower mold slide swivel joint rotatably mounted on the lower mold slide, and / or that the linkage between the left side slide and the lower mold slide has two arms, a first left arm and a second left arm, which are connected to one another by a left arm swivel joint, the left arm -The swivel joint preferably connects the two arms to one another in the middle. The first left arm is rotatably mounted on the left side carriage by means of a left side carriage swivel joint and the second left arm is rotatably mounted on the lower mold carriage by a lower mold carriage swivel joint.

In the device and in the method for the production of ceramic hollow bodies it can be provided that the first right arm and the first left arm of the linkage are rotatably connected to one another via a central frame swivel joint. It can further be provided that the second right arm and the second left arm are rotatably connected to one another via the same lower mold slide pivot joint. The concertina gate is preferably formed in this way.

In the device and in the method for producing hollow ceramic bodies, provision can be made for two or three or four or five or more die casting molds, each with at least three mold parts, to be arranged in the device, with a right side mold part, a left side mold part and a bottom mold part is formed per die casting mold in the device.

In the device and in the method for the production of ceramic hollow bodies it can be provided that the plurality of die casting molds are arranged next to one another, whereby preferably in the arrangement next to one another several right side mold parts are arranged on the same right side carriage and / or several left side mold parts are arranged on the same left side carriage and a plurality of bottom mold parts are arranged on the same lower mold slide.

Preferably, a plurality of cavities can also be formed next to one another in a die casting mold by means of one or more molded parts, or a plurality of cavities and a plurality of die casting molds can be formed next to one another.

In the device and in the method for the production of ceramic hollow bodies it can be provided that the multiple die casting molds are arranged one behind the other, i.e. preferably in the opening and / or closing direction, each with their own right side slide and / or left side slide and / or lower mold slide. A plurality of cavities can preferably be formed in each die casting mold.

In the device and in the method for producing hollow ceramic bodies, it can be provided that the plurality of die casting molds are arranged next to one another and one behind the other. Preferably, several die casting molds can be formed one behind the other, i.e. preferably in the opening and / or closing direction, and at the same time several die casting molds per side slide can also be formed next to one another and / or several cavities can be formed per die casting mold.

In the case of the device and the method for producing ceramic hollow bodies, it can be provided that with several die casting molds, preferably arranged one behind the other, the right side carriage of the first die casting mold forms the left side carriage of a second die casting mold, and preferably that in the case of several die casting molds, the right side carriage swivel joint of the first die casting mold forms the left side slide swivel joint of a second die casting mold.

In the device and in the method for the production of ceramic hollow bodies it can be provided that with several die casting molds, preferably arranged one behind the other, the left side carriage of the first die casting mold forms the right side carriage of a second die casting mold, and preferably that in the case of several die casting molds the left side carriage swivel joint of the first die casting mold forms the right side slide swivel joint of a second die casting mold.

In the device and in the method for the production of ceramic hollow bodies it can be provided that in the case of several die casting molds, preferably arranged one behind the other, the left side slide of the first die casting mold forms the right side slide of a second die casting mold, and preferably that in the case of several die casting molds, the left side slide pivot joint of the first die casting mold forms the right slide slide pivot joint of a second die casting mold.

In the device and in the method for the production of ceramic hollow bodies, it can be provided that, in the case of several die casting molds, preferably arranged one behind the other, each die casting mold has at least one side slide for holding at least one molded part, and a side slide arranged between two die casting molds on the front side is a molded part of the a die and a molded part of the other die on the back.

In the device and in the method for the production of ceramic hollow bodies it can be provided that with several die casting molds the first right arm of the first die casting mold is rotatably connected to the first left arm of the second die casting mold via a right frame swivel joint, and / or that with several Die casting molds the first left arm of the first die casting mold is rotatably connected to the left first arm of the second die casting mold via a right frame pivot joint. As a result, all die casting molds can be moved synchronously with one another and with one another.

In the case of the device and the method for producing ceramic hollow bodies, it can be provided that, in the case of several die casting molds, the first right arm of the first die casting mold is rotatably connected to the first left arm of the second die casting mold via a right side slide swivel joint, and / or that in the case of several Die casting molds the first left arm of the first die casting mold is rotatably connected to the left first arm of the second die casting mold via a left side slide swivel joint.

In the device and in the method for producing hollow ceramic bodies, provision can be made for a die casting mold to form two or preferably more cavities in the closed state. So can three or four or six or eight or ten or even more cavities can be provided on a die casting mold. As a result, the number of ceramic hollow bodies to be produced in one cycle can be increased accordingly.

In the device and in the method for the production of ceramic hollow bodies it can be provided that the frame pivot joint has, in particular, predetermined play and / or that the right frame pivot joint has a game and / or the left frame pivot joint, in particular has predetermined, game. Dimensional differences in the molded parts and / or the die casting molds can be compensated for by the play.

In the device and in the method for producing ceramic hollow bodies, it can be provided that the play of the joints is in the range from 5 mm to 0.5 mm, preferably between 3 mm and 1 mm, most preferably between 2.5 mm and 1 .5 mm.

In the device and in the method for producing ceramic hollow bodies, it can be provided that the die casting mold has a fourth molded part, a head molded part, which is arranged on a head carriage.

In the device and in the method for the production of ceramic hollow bodies it can be provided that the head carriage is arranged on the right or left side carriage or on the frame and this during the opening and closing movement together with the right side carriage or the left side carriage or alone by the Linkage is moved, and preferably that the head slide has a head drive which moves the head molding from above down onto the left and right side molding in order to completely close the die.

In the device and in the method for the production of ceramic hollow bodies it can be provided that the right side slide and / or the left side slide and / or the lower mold slide is guided over one, or two, or more round shafts, ie guide shafts, preferably the round shafts are arranged on the frame. The tour provides a perfect fit Opening and closing of the molded parts of the die casting molds safely. Thus, the shape of the cavity always remains the same and there are no unwanted edges that are caused, for example, by incorrectly fitting the molded parts. Because the molded parts are movably mounted on the guide, the molded parts are opened essentially in a straight line. The molded parts are preferably opened without play in a direction perpendicular to the opening or closing direction. This avoids transverse forces acting on the body that are caused by a movement of the molded parts perpendicular to the opening or closing direction.

In particular, it is also possible for the guide to have a straight guide support or a straight guide rail or a straight guide rod or a straight guide shaft.

In the device and in the method for the production of ceramic hollow bodies it can be provided that the multiple die casting molds, which are preferably arranged one behind the other, the multiple right side carriage and / or the left side carriage and / or the lower mold carriage is guided one behind the other on the one or more round shafts .

In particular, by opening the die casting molds in a straight line, it is also ensured that no transverse forces or shear forces act on the body, which could possibly unintentionally deform it or even lead to breakage of the body.

In the device and in the method for producing ceramic hollow bodies, it can be provided that the right and left side moldings always have the same distance from the bottom molding when they are closed in step i) and / or when they are opened in step v).

In the device and in the method for the production of ceramic hollow bodies it can be provided that the synchronous moving together in step i) takes place by moving the right side carriage and the lower mold carriage when closing, or by moving the left side carriage when closing Side slide and the lower mold slide are moved, or by moving the right side slide and the left side slide and the lower mold slide.

In the device and in the method for producing ceramic hollow bodies, provision can be made for the synchronous moving apart in step v) by moving the right side slide and the lower mold slide to the left side slide when closing, or by moving the left side slide and the lower mold slide when closing to the right side carriage, or by moving the right side carriage and the left side carriage and the lower mold carriage.

In the device and in the method for the production of ceramic hollow bodies it can be provided that a predetermined air pressure is maintained within the cavities for a certain time by compressed air in order to solidify the cullet located in the cavities.

A plurality of hollow ceramic bodies can be produced synchronously with the at least two die casting molds and / or the at least two cavities in each case. The die casting molds and the cavities are preferably scalable. This means that significantly more than two die casting molds can also be provided. An upper limit is defined by the available installation space in the longitudinal extension of the device, i.e. in the opening and / or closing direction. It is practicable to use die casting molds in the number of about 4 die casting dies to 15 die casting dies. In the case of the cavities, in particular the installation space available transversely to the longitudinal extension determines the number of cavities. The use of 4 to 12 cavities per die has proven to be practical. With appropriate space conditions or with large or small ceramic hollow bodies, more or less than this practicable number of cavities or die casting molds can be used.

The synchronous filling of the cavities and the synchronous removal of the cullet offer the advantage of identical process variables and parameters, which ensures a consistently high quality of the ceramic hollow bodies and the Reject is reduced. In this way, the requirement for large numbers of items can be met while maintaining the high quality of the ceramic hollow bodies.

In the production of ceramic hollow bodies, a cavity is preferably completely filled with liquid slip. Due to the removal of water, the liquid slip begins to solidify on the outer contour of the cavity. The dehydration is promoted, for example, by die-casting molds made of plaster of paris or porous plastic or other porous materials. The solidified part of the slip is also known as cullet. The longer the body is in the cavity, the more the water is withdrawn and the stronger the outer layer of the body is formed.

In order to form ceramic hollow bodies, it is usually provided that a cavity has an insert or several inserts or a core part or several core parts, which is or are molded onto a side molding part and / or the bottom molding part of the die casting mold, for example. An insert or core part is, so to speak, a negative of the hollow shape of the ceramic part to be produced. However, undercut cavities cannot be formed with an insert.

In the production of cups or mugs with a handle, an insert is preferably formed through the bottom molding to form the shape of the ceramic hollow body.

In an embodiment in which a ceramic hollow body is to be formed without a core part or insert, it can be provided that in the method between steps iii) and iv), after a predetermined period of time, liquid slip is blown out of the cavity by means of compressed air. No insert is required to form the shape of the ceramic hollow body. This means that undercut cavities, for example for bottles, can also be produced. The cycle time can advantageously be reduced due to the blowing out of the liquid slip by means of compressed air. The length of time the body remains in the cavity depends on the shape and the desired edge thickness of the hollow body to be produced. As soon as a predetermined dwell time is reached, the excess liquid slip is then removed from the cavity by means of compressed air blown. After the liquid slip has been blown out, it is provided in particular that a predetermined air pressure is maintained within the cavities for a certain time by means of compressed air in order to solidify the cullet located in the cavities. The further solidification of the body by means of compressed air ensures, among other things, that the body does not inadvertently deform after the die-casting mold has been opened.

It can advantageously be provided that a gripping device is provided for demolding or removing the shards formed in the at least one or more die casting molds. The gripping device can preferably grasp and / or remove all of the shards formed in a die casting mold at the same time. Or the gripping device can simultaneously grip and / or remove all of the shards formed in the at least two die casting molds, in particular in all die casting molds. On the one hand, this enables the broken pieces to be removed quickly from the die-casting molds and thus a high number of cycles, and on the other hand, the dwell time of all the broken pieces in the die-casting mold or on the gripping device is set to the same length.

It is preferably provided that a gripping device is arranged on the frame for demolding the shards formed in the at least two die-casting molds, which gripping device is designed for synchronous or simultaneous fixing or gripping of the shards.

It is also possible that the gripping device grips or fixes the shard (s) synchronously in the one or more die-casting molds, and a molded part fixing the shard is moved away by the drive when the die-casting molds are opened from the shards fixed in place via the gripping device. For example, it is possible for the shard to be fed to a drying system after it has been removed from the die casting mold, in which the shard is partially or completely dried or hardened. The further drying or hardening of the shard ensures that the shard has sufficient strength to be transported or further processed, for example.

For further transport, it is preferably possible for the die-casting device to have a conveyor belt to which the shard is transferred by means of the gripping device. For this purpose, the conveyor belt can have holding devices in the form of bowls or shells, which are adapted to the shape of the shard so that it can be safely transported on.

It is furthermore preferably also provided that the shard is transferred to further systems for post-treatment by means of the gripping device and / or the conveyor belt. The shard can then be mechanically processed, for example by means of milling and / or drilling. Printing and / or coating of the shard is preferably also provided. For example, the shard can be coated with a protective layer, in particular a transparent protective layer, which protects the ceramic hollow body from mechanical and / or physical and / or chemical environmental influences. Furthermore, at least one layer of paint can be applied to the shard by means of printing, whereby particularly optically high-quality ceramic hollow bodies can be produced. This also applies to several shards from several cavities or several die casting molds.

Furthermore, it is particularly provided that, for demolding, mold parts of all die casting molds are opened synchronously and the shards are fixed by a gripping device or held by the respective lower mold slide. All of the multiple die casting molds are opened synchronously and at the same time the right and left side slide slides of the multiple die casting molds are moved apart synchronously with the lower mold slide.

In particular, the gripping device has a plurality of parallel gripping arms, each gripping arm being assigned to a die casting mold and a plurality of gripping tools being arranged on each gripping arm according to the number of cavities per die casting mold.

Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the one or more gripping arms extend essentially perpendicular to the opening direction or closing direction of the at least two die casting molds.

It is also possible for the gripping arms to be driven to be movable perpendicular to the opening direction or closing direction in order to transport away the cullet removed from the die casting molds.

In particular, it can be provided that the at least two die casting molds are arranged in a straight line one behind the other in the opening direction or closing direction along the guide. In particular, it is possible for the guide to be arranged above and / or below the at least two die casting molds.

It is advantageously provided that the one or more side slide carriages and / or the one or more sub-mold carriages are mounted on the guide. In this case, all side slide carriages and / or lower mold carriages can be mounted movably, in particular displaceably, on the guide in the opening direction and closing direction. The guide preferably extends over the entire range of motion that the side slide and / or lower mold slide cover when moving. In particular, the guide can extend in the opening direction or closing direction along the entire frame.

In one embodiment, it can preferably be provided that one of the side slide slides is fixedly attached to the guide and / or the frame, and that the other side slide slides and sub-mold slides, in particular all other side slide slides, are slidably mounted on the guide. The fact that the guide guides the side slide during an opening movement and / or a closing movement ensures that the individual molded parts close with an accurate fit and thus always form the same cavity.

In one embodiment, the guide can be designed as a single guide, preferably as an upper guide or as a lower guide.

It can also be provided that the guide has several guides, for example consists of an upper first guide and a lower second guide, both guides as a straight guide support or a straight one Guide rail or a straight guide rod or a straight guide shaft are formed. The one or more left and / or right side slide slides and / or head slides of the one or more die casting molds are preferably mounted on the upper first guide. The one or more left and / or right side slide carriages and the one or more lower mold carriages are preferably mounted on the lower second guide.

It can be provided that in the case of several die casting molds one behind the other, i.e. preferably several die casting dies arranged one behind the other in the opening and / or closing direction, the upper first guide is designed as a continuous first upper guide. It can be provided that the lower second guide is designed as a continuous second lower guide in the case of several die casting molds one behind the other, i.e. preferably several die casting molds arranged one behind the other in the opening and / or closing direction.

It can be provided that the lower, second guide is constructed in several parts. For example, in the case of several die casting molds arranged one behind the other, ie preferably when several die casting molds are arranged one behind the other in the opening and / or closing direction, the guide can be designed as a separate second lower guide for each die casting mold, with a left and a left guide through the separate second lower guide right side slide and a lower mold slide of a die casting mold is mounted on the separate second lower guide. The side carriage can have one or more slide bearings for the second lower guide. In order to avoid a collision of the separate lower guides when the die casting molds are pushed together, the separate lower guides can be arranged offset to one another in each die casting mold.

The cavities of a die casting mold, preferably the cavities of each of the die casting molds, are preferably arranged next to one another in a direction transverse to the opening direction or closing direction.

In the closed position, the die casting molds can be locked against one another via a locking device in order to prevent unintentional opening when pressure is applied to the die casting molds. In particular, it can also be provided that the drive locks the die casting molds in the closed position, so that no additional locking device is required.

It is preferably possible for the drive to open the at least two die casting molds, in particular all of the die casting molds, synchronously and / or to close them synchronously, preferably in that the drive pulls the at least two die casting molds apart in the opening direction, in particular in a straight line, and in an opposite closing direction, in particular in a straight line, moved towards each other. The fact that all die casting molds are opened and closed via the same drive via the gear unit and the die casting molds are mechanically coupled via the gear unit ensures that the die casting molds are always opened and closed at the same time. There is therefore no need for a complex control, since only the drive has to be activated to open and close the die casting molds. This also ensures that all of the cullets are removed at the same time and that they have the same dwell time in the cavity, which means that differences in quality among the cullet are almost impossible.

In particular, by opening the die casting molds in a straight line, it is also ensured that no transverse forces or shear forces act on the body, which could possibly unintentionally deform it or even lead to breakage of the body.

The use of a common drive for all die casting molds also has the advantage of a compact design.

The drive is preferably designed as a linear drive, in particular a linear drive with a hydraulic cylinder, or as a linear drive with a compressed air cylinder, or as a linear drive with an electric spindle drive.

Preferably, slip and / or compressed air can be introduced into a cavity of the die-casting mold through the bottom molding and / or through the top molding. In particular, when the slip is introduced through the head molding, the injection of the slip is assisted by gravity, whereby the injection time can be further shortened.

Furthermore, it is provided in particular that, when demolding, all of the shards are released synchronously from their die-casting mold by means of an ejection of compressed air. Preferably, the molded parts of all die casting molds holding the shards are moved away from the shards synchronously at the same time as the blast of compressed air or after the blast of compressed air. By removing all cullet from the mold by means of an ejection of compressed air, it is possible to dispense with mechanical removal of the cullet, which minimizes the risk of possible breakage during removal from the mold. The simultaneous demolding ensures that all hollow ceramic bodies formed have the same strength and / or the same water content.

It is also possible for the shards to initially remain in the bottom mold part of the die casting molds for a predetermined period of time when they are removed from the mold. For example, the bottom molding can have a pin in order to form a cavity in the hollow body to be manufactured. During this period of time, the body can remain on the shaped base part and / or on the pin and dry there further and thereby become solidified. After this period of time has elapsed, the cullet can be fixed or gripped by the gripping device or transported away from the base molding.

The die-casting device according to the invention is particularly suitable for the production of ceramic hollow bodies, such as, for example, drinking bottles, cups, or other drinking vessels. Such a die-casting device according to the invention, or a method according to the invention for producing ceramic hollow bodies, offers considerable economic advantages which accumulate in the production of an increased number of pieces per unit of time and in a reduction in production costs. Due to the constant process parameters and process variables, a consistently high quality of the ceramic hollow bodies is achieved.

Fig. 1:

eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zum Druckgießen keramischer Hohlkörper, mit einer offenen Druckgussform;

Fig. 2:

eine schematische Darstellung einer weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zum Druckgießen keramischer Hohlkörper, mit mehreren offenen Druckgussformen;

Fig. 3:

eine schematische Darstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung aus Fig. 2, mit mehreren geschlossenen Druckgussformen;

Fig. 4:

eine Schnittdarstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung aus Fig. 2 und 3, mit mehreren geschlossenen Druckgussformen;

Fig.5:

eine schematische Darstellung einer Druckgussvorrichtung in der Vorderansicht;

Fig. 6

eine schematische Darstellung einer Druckgussvorrichtung in der Draufsicht;

Fig. 7

eine schematische Schnittdarstellung in horizontaler Richtung durch den Unterformschlitten und die Seitenfahrschlitten mit separaten zweiten Führungsschienen im geöffneten Zustand der Druckgussformen;

Fig. 8

eine schematische Schnittdarstellung in horizontaler Richtung durch den Unterformschlitten und die Seitenfahrschlitten mit separaten zweiten Führungsschienen im geschlossenen Zustand der Druckgussformen.

Further embodiments of the invention are shown in the figures and described below. Show:

Fig. 1:

a schematic representation of a device according to the invention for die casting ceramic hollow bodies, with an open die casting mold;

Fig. 2:

a schematic representation of a further device according to the invention for die casting ceramic hollow bodies, with several open die casting molds;

Fig. 3:

a schematic representation of the device according to the invention Fig. 2 , with several closed die casting molds;

Fig. 4:

a sectional view of the device according to the invention Fig. 2 and 3 , with several closed die casting molds;

Fig. 5:

a schematic representation of a die casting device in the front view;

Fig. 6

a schematic representation of a die-casting device in plan view;

Fig. 7

a schematic sectional view in the horizontal direction through the lower mold slide and the side slide with separate second guide rails in the open state of the die casting molds;

Fig. 8

a schematic sectional view in the horizontal direction through the lower mold slide and the side slide with separate second guide rails in the closed state of the die casting molds.

One possible embodiment of the invention is shown by way of example in the figures. This embodiment serves to explain a possible implementation of the invention and should not be understood as limiting.

Figure 1 shows a device 1 for die-casting ceramic hollow bodies, with a frame 20 and a die-casting mold 10. The frame 10 has a right post 61 and a left post 62, an upper first guide rail 63 and a lower second guide rail 64 being arranged between the two posts are. In this exemplary embodiment, the guide rails 63 and 64 are each formed by two guide axes. The die casting mold 10 is arranged on the guide rails 63 and 64.

The die casting mold 10 consists of a right side mold part 11, a left side mold part 12, a bottom mold part 13 and a head mold part 14. The right side mold part 11 is arranged on a right side slide 21. The left side mold part 12 is arranged on a left side carriage 22. The bottom mold part 13 is arranged on a lower mold slide 23. The head molding 14 is arranged on a head slide 24. In Figure 1 an open die casting mold 10 is shown. In the closed state, the right side molded part 11, the left side molded part 12, the base molded part 13 and the head molded part 14 form a cavity 3 (not shown in FIG Figure 1 ).

In Figure 1 the left side carriage 22 is fixedly arranged on the left post 62 and is held at the same time supported on the first and second guide rails 63, 64. The right side carriage 21 is movably supported between the two guide rails 63 and 64 and can be moved horizontally along the guide rails via a drive 2. The lower mold slide 23 is guided on the lower guide rail 64 such that it can be moved in the horizontal direction. The head slide 24 is in the exemplary embodiment Figure 1 fixedly arranged on the left side carriage 22. The guide ensures that the molded parts of the die casting molds are precisely opened and closed. Because the molded parts are movably mounted on the guide, the molded parts are opened essentially in a straight line. The molded parts are preferably opened without play in a direction perpendicular to the opening or closing direction. This will avoids that transverse forces act on the shard, which result from a movement of the molded parts perpendicular to the opening or closing direction.

In the embodiment of Figure 1 the drive 2 comprises a hydraulic cylinder and a ram, which is connected to the right side slide 21 and acts on this in the opening or closing direction. It is also possible that the drive 2 is designed as a linear drive, in particular a linear drive with a hydraulic cylinder, or as a linear drive with a compressed air cylinder or as a linear drive with an electric spindle drive.

The right side slide 21, the left side slide 22 and the lower mold slide 23 are movably connected to one another via a linkage 4. As in Figure 1 As shown, the linkage 4 has two arms between the right side carriage 21 and the lower mold carriage 23, a first right arm 31 and a second right arm 32, which are connected to one another by a right arm pivot joint 33. The first right arm 31 is rotatably supported by a right side slide swivel joint 34 on the right side slide 21 and the second right arm 32 is rotatably supported by a lower mold slide swivel joint 51 on the lower mold slide 23.

Furthermore, the linkage 4 has two arms between the left side carriage 22 and the lower mold carriage 23, a first left arm 41 and a second left arm 42, which are connected to one another by a left arm pivot joint 43. The first left arm 41 is rotatably supported by a left lateral carriage swivel joint 44 on the left lateral carriage 22 and the second left arm 42 is rotatably supported on the lower mold carriage 23 by a lower mold carriage rotary joint 51.

Next are as in Figure 1 As shown, the first right arm 31 and the first left arm 41 of the linkage 4 are rotatably connected to one another via a central frame pivot joint 52. Furthermore, the second right and left arms 32 and 42 are rotatably connected to one another via the lower mold slide swivel joint 51 but are thereby given a rotatable fixed point on the lower mold slide 23. As a result, the first and second right and left arms form a scissor linkage.

To produce a ceramic hollow body, in the device in Figure 1 The drive 2 shifts the right side slide 21 to the left in the direction of the left side slide 22 and the linkage 4 also shifts the lower mold slide 23 to the left in the direction of the left side slide 22. Due to the connection via the linkage and the resulting synchronous movement of the side carriage 21 and 22 and the lower mold carriage 23 when the die casting mold 10 is closed, the distance between the right side carriage 21 and the lower mold carriage 23 remains exactly as large as the distance between the left side carriage 22 and the lower mold slide 23. For this purpose, the right side slide swivel joint 34, the left side slide swivel joint 44 and the lower mold slide swivel joint 51 are designed as rotatable fixed points of the linkage 4, which move relative to one another when one of the carriages is moved. By designing the linkage as a double scissor linkage, the carriages can move synchronously with one another. During the closing movement, the right and left side slide slides 21 and 22 and the lower mold slide 23 are pushed together, in particular in a straight line, and in a later opening movement they are pulled apart in an opposite opening direction, in particular in a straight line.

In the embodiment of Figure 1 the right side molding part 11, the left side molding part 12 and the bottom molding part 13 are first converted into the closed, ie pushed together, state. The head molding 14 is then guided down by the head drive 5 from above onto the already closed mold parts 11, 12 and 13 and thus closes the die casting mold 10.

The die casting mold 10 in Figure 1 has a slip conveying device 70, whereby the slip, when the die casting mold 10 is closed, is transported into the cavity 3 (not shown in FIG Figure 1 ) the die-casting mold 10 is injected or flows into the cavity 3. The slip conveying device 70 fills the die casting mold 10 from above in this exemplary embodiment. This has the advantage that the injection of the liquid slip is supported by gravity and the injection time is thus reduced. In particular, it is provided that the liquid slip, which is preferably generated by a pump, into the die casting mold 10 under pressure is injected into it. It is also provided that the slip conveying device 70 is arranged below the die casting molds 10. Furthermore, it is preferably possible that slip and / or compressed air can be introduced into a cavity 3 of the die casting mold 10 through the bottom mold part 13 or through the head mold part 14.

After the sherd has solidified (not shown in Figure 1 ) the shard can be removed after opening the die-casting mold 10. When the die casting mold 10 is opened in the exemplary embodiment of FIG Figure 1 the head molding 14 is first moved upward away from the shard by the head drive 5. The die-casting mold 10 is then completely opened in that the drive 2 moves the right-hand side slide 21 to the right, ie moves it away from the left-hand side slide 22. By means of the linkage 4, the lower mold slide 23 is also moved to the right at the same time, ie moved away from the left side slide 22. During this synchronous opening movement of the right side travel slide 11, the left side travel slide 12 and the lower mold slide 23 to one another, the shard (not shown in FIG Figure 1 ) on the bottom mold part 13 and can be removed from there after the die-casting mold 10 has been completely opened.

Figure 2 FIG. 4 shows a second exemplary embodiment of the device 1 according to the invention for die casting ceramic hollow bodies with open die casting molds 10. This exemplary embodiment differs from the exemplary embodiment in FIG Figure 1 only in that several die casting molds 10 are arranged one behind the other, ie in the opening or closing direction.

As in Figure 1 is in the Figure 2 the first right side carriage 21 driven by the drive 2 in the opening or closing direction. Through the linkage 4, preferably through the scissors arrangement of the arms in the linkage 4, all die casting molds 10 are opened or closed simultaneously, synchronously. Due to the connection via the linkage and the resulting synchronous movement of the side slide slides 21 and 22 and the lower mold slide 23 when all die casting molds 10 are closed, the distance between all right side slide slides 21 and all lower mold slides 23 remains exactly as large as the distance between all left side slide slides 22 and all lower mold slides 23 of the respective die casting mold 10. This also applies to the opening movement of the device 1.

In the training example of the Figure 2 all die casting molds 10 each have a right side molding part 11, a left side molding part 12, a bottom molding part 13 and a head molding part 14. The arrangement of the molded parts differs in Figure 2 but from the embodiment of Figure 1 . Each die casting mold 10 has its own lower mold slide 23. However, the individual die casting molds 10 partly share the carriage. As a result, the left side carriage 22 of the rightmost die casting mold 10 is at the same time the right side carriage 21 of the second die casting mold 10 from the right. Only one molded part is arranged on the two side carriage on the edge, ie the rightmost side carriage 21 which is connected to the drive 4 and the very left side carriage 22 which is connected to the frame 20.

Thus, when there are several die casting molds 10, part of the right side slide 21 of the first die casting mold 10 forms the left side slide 22 of a second die casting mold. Next is in the embodiment Figure 2 It is shown that in part of the plurality of die casting molds 10, the right side slide pivot joint 34 of the first die casting mold 10 forms the left side slide pivot joint 44 of a second die casting mold.

This also applies to the left side carriage 22 in FIG Figure 2 , in which case the left side slide 22 of the first die casting mold 10 then forms the right side slide 21 of a second die casting mold 10 in part of the multiple die casting molds 10, and in part of the multiple die casting molds 10 the left side slide swivel joint 44 of the first die casting mold 10 forms the right side slide slide - Swivel joint 34 forms a second die casting mold, as shown in FIG Figure 2 is shown.

Figure 2 further shows that the linkage 4 is designed in accordance with the multiple die casting molds 10 such that in some of the multiple die casting molds 10 the first right arm 31 of a first die casting mold 10 with the first left arm 41 of a second die casting mold 10 via a right frame swivel joint 35 is rotatably connected, and that in part of the plurality of die casting molds 10, the first left arm 31 of the first die casting mold 10 is rotatably connected to the left first arm 41 of the second die casting mold 10 via a right frame pivot joint 35. A synchronous movement of all die casting molds 10 and the respective molded parts with respect to one another is thus obtained.

Figure 3 shows the device for die casting ceramic hollow bodies from Figure 2 with closed die casting molds 10. All die casting molds 10 and thus all side mold parts to the bottom mold parts have been pushed together synchronously by the drive 2 and the linkage 4, in a last step then through the respective head drive 5 the respective head slides 24 with the head mold parts 14 on the Side mold parts moved down and the die casting molds 10 thus closed.

Figure 4 shows the device for die casting ceramic hollow bodies from the Figures 2 and 3 with closed die casting molds 10 as in Figure 3 as a sectional view in the area of the second guide rail 64. The guide rail 64, designed as a guide shaft in this exemplary embodiment, extends through the right side slide 21, the left side slide 22 and the lower mold slide 23. The guide ensures that the mold parts of the die casting molds are precisely opened and closed. Because the molded parts are movably mounted on the guide, the molded parts are opened essentially in a straight line. The molded parts are preferably opened without play in a direction perpendicular to the opening or closing direction. This avoids transverse forces acting on the body that are caused by a movement of the molded parts perpendicular to the opening or closing direction. The first guide rail 63, like the second guide rail 64, can be designed as a guide shaft.

the Figures 5 and 6th show a side view and a top view of a device 1 according to the invention for die-casting ceramic hollow bodies with a gripping device 80, a drying station 71, a gripping robot 84 and a conveyor belt 85. These are arranged in the immediate vicinity of the die-casting device 1. Due to this compact design, due to the short Travels of the gripping device 3, the cycle times can be reduced, which in turn results in a higher number of pieces.

The gripping device 80 comprises a trolley 81, which is mounted movably along guides, so that the trolley 81 can be moved in a translatory manner perpendicular to the opening and closing direction of the die casting molds 10. The trolley 81 is preferably driven by a linear motor or servo motor or pneumatically or hydraulically. A gripping column 82, which in turn has one or more of the gripping arms 83, is preferably held on the trolley.

In order to enable the ceramic hollow bodies to be transported away, the gripping device 80 has several parallel gripping arms 83 (see FIG Figure 6 ), each gripping arm 83 being assigned to a die casting mold 10. A plurality of gripping tools corresponding to the number of cavities 3 per die casting mold 10 are arranged on each gripping arm 83. In order to produce higher numbers of items, the die casting molds 10 can have a plurality of cavities 3 which are arranged one behind the other in a straight line. The gripping arms 83 extend substantially perpendicular to the opening direction or closing direction of the die casting molds 10.

The gripping arms 83 are driven to be movable perpendicular to the opening direction or closing direction in order to transport away the cullet removed from the die casting molds 10.

It is provided that the gripping device 80 grips or fixes all the shards in the die casting molds 10 synchronously, the letters being arranged on the bottom mold part 13 after the die casting molds 10 have opened. After the cullet has been gripped by the gripping device 80, it is provided that the cullet are fed to a drying station 71 in order to completely and / or partially dry or cure them there for further processing and / or further transport. It is also possible for the drying and / or hardening step to be omitted or to be carried out at a later point in time.

After drying, the letters are transferred to a spindle belt 72 or a conveyor belt 11 by the gripping device 80.

The cullet arranged in series one behind the other on the drying station 71 are transferred piece by piece to the spindle belt 72. The spindle belt 72 can serve as a means of transport or also for the positioning of the shards when they are in the work area of the cleaning stations.

It is then provided that the spindle belt 72 or the conveyor belt 85, which can also be equipped by a gripping robot 84, feeds the cullet to further systems on which post-treatment of the cullet is carried out. For example, glazing and / or printing of the body can take place, in particular with a protective layer, preferably a transparent protective layer, being applied that protects the body from mechanical and / or physical and / or chemical environmental influences. It is also possible that the body is colored so that individual ceramic products can be produced that create a particularly high-quality optical impression. It can also be provided that the body is reworked by means of mechanical forming processes, such as milling and / or drilling, for example.

the Figures 7 and 8 show an embodiment of the guide rail 64 in a schematic sectional representation of the device for die casting 1 in the closed and open state of the die casting molds 10. The section of the representations runs in the horizontal direction at the level of the lower mold carriage 23 by way of example through one of the devices 1 for die casting of the preceding exemplary embodiments with several Die casting molds 10, wherein in the embodiment of Figures 7 and 8 separate second guide rails 64 are formed for each die casting mold 10.

As in the Figures 7 and 8 As shown, a lower guide rail 64 is designed as a double or double guide shaft 65 for each individual die casting mold 10, which guides the right side slide 21, the left side slide 22 and the lower mold slide 24 of a die 10 in slide bearings. The two lower guide shafts 65 of each separate guide rail 64 are arranged horizontally one behind the other.

The lower guide rails 64 from the left or right of adjacent die casting molds 10 are each designed as further separate lower guide rails 64, each with two (double) guide shafts 65. the Figure 7 shows on the left side of the left side carriage 22 and the right side of the right side carriage 21 two further guide shafts 65 of the separate guide rails 64 of the adjacent die casting molds 10. In order to be able to build more compactly, the guide shafts 65 are different die casting molds 10, as in Figures 7 and 8 shown, arranged offset to one another in the horizontal plane.

List of reference symbols

1

Device for die casting

2

drive

3

cavity

4th

Linkage

5

Head drive

10

Die casting mold

11

right side molding

12th

left side molding

13th

Floor molding

14th

Head molding

20th

frame

21

right side carriage

22nd

left side carriage

23

Lower mold slide

24

Head sledge

31

first right arm

32

second right arm

33

right arm swivel

34

right side carriage swivel joint

35

right frame swivel joint

41

first left arm

42

second left arm

43

left arm swivel

44

left side carriage swivel joint

45

left frame swivel

51

Lower mold slide swivel joint

52

middle frame swivel

61

right post

62

left post

63

first guide rail

64

second guide rail

65

Guide shafts

70

Slip conveyor

71

Drying station

72

Spindle tape

80

Gripping device

81

Trolley

82

Gripping column

83

Gripper arm

84

Gripping robot

85

Conveyor belt

Claims (15)

Device (1) for die-casting ceramic hollow bodies, comprising a frame (20), and
at least one die-casting mold (10) arranged on the frame (20),
wherein the at least one die casting mold (10) has at least three mold parts, a right side mold part (11), a left side mold part (12) and a bottom mold part (13), and
wherein the right side mold part (11) is arranged on a right side slide (21), and wherein the left side mold part (12) is arranged on a left side slide (22), and wherein the bottom mold part (13) is arranged on a lower mold slide (23) ,
wherein the right side carriage (21), the left side carriage (22) and the lower mold carriage (23) are movably mounted with respect to one another, and
wherein the device (1) further comprises a drive (2) to move the right side slide (21), the left side slide (22) and the lower mold slide (23) to each other in such a way that the mold parts (11, 12, 13) open or are closed and the at least one die casting mold (10) forms at least one cavity (3) in the closed state,
characterized,
that the right side carriage (21) and the left side carriage (22) and the lower mold carriage (23) are connected to one another via a linkage (4), and
that the linkage (4) is designed such that when opening and / or closing the right side slide (21) and / or the left side slide (22) and / or the lower mold slide (23) is / are moved, and
that the linkage (4) is designed in such a way that when opening and closing the right side molding part (11) and the left side molding part (12) move together or apart synchronously with the bottom molding (13). Device (1) for die casting according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the linkage (4) is designed as a scissor linkage, preferably as a double scissor linkage. Device (1) for die casting according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized,
that the linkage (4) between the right side slide (21) and the lower mold slide (23) has two arms, a first right arm (31) and a second right arm (32), which are connected by a right arm pivot joint (33) are connected, and wherein the first right arm (31) is rotatably supported by a right side carriage swivel joint (34) on the right side carriage (21) and the second right arm (32) is rotatably supported by a lower mold carriage swivel joint (51) on the lower mold carriage (23 ) is rotatably mounted. Device (1) for die casting according to one of Claims 1 to 3,
characterized,
that the linkage (4) between the left side carriage (22) and the lower mold carriage (23) has two arms, a first left arm (41) and a second left arm (42), which are connected to each other by a left arm pivot joint (43) are connected, and wherein the first left arm (41) is rotatably supported by a left side carriage swivel joint (44) on the left side carriage (22) and the second left arm (42) is rotatably supported by a lower mold carriage swivel joint (51) on the lower mold carriage (23 ) is rotatably mounted. Device for die casting according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that two or more die casting molds (10) each with at least three mold parts (11, 12, 13) are arranged in the device. Die casting device according to claim 5
characterized,
that the multiple die casting molds (10) are arranged next to one another on the same right side slide (21) and left side slide (22) and lower mold slide (23). Device for die casting according to claim 5 or 6,
characterized,
that the multiple die casting molds (10) are arranged one behind the other, preferably in the opening and / or closing direction, the multiple die casting molds (10) each on their own right side carriage (21) and / or left side carriage (22) and / or lower mold carriage ( 23) are arranged. Device for die casting according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that a gripping device (80) is provided for demolding or removing the shards formed in the at least one or more die casting molds (10), preferably that a gripping device (20) is provided for demolding the shards formed in the at least two die casting molds (10) on the frame (20). 80) is arranged, which is designed for synchronous or simultaneous fixing or gripping of the shards. Device for die casting according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the die casting mold (10) forms two or more cavities (3) in the closed state. Device for die casting according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the frame pivot joint (52) has a play and / or that the right frame pivot joint (35) and / or the left frame pivot joint (45) has a game. Device for die casting according to claim 10,
characterized,
that the play of the joints is in the range from 5 to 0.5 mm, preferably between 3 and 1 mm, most preferably between 2.5 and 1.5 mm. Device for die casting according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the die casting mold (10) has a fourth molded part, a head molded part (14), which is arranged on a head slide (24). Device for die casting according to claim 12,
characterized,
that the head slide (24) is arranged on the right or left side slide (21, 22) or on the linkage (4) and this during the opening and closing movement together with the right side slide (21) or the left side slide (22) or alone is moved by the linkage (4), and preferably that the head slide (24) has a head drive (5) which moves the head mold part (14) from above down onto the left and right side mold parts (21, 22) in order to move the die casting mold ( 10) to close completely. Method for producing ceramic hollow bodies, in particular by means of ceramic die casting, preferably with a device for die casting ceramic hollow bodies according to one of Claims 1 to 15, the ceramic hollow body being produced with the following steps: i) synchronous moving together of a right side mold part to the bottom mold part and a left side mold part to the bottom mold part of a die casting mold by a drive and a linkage, ii) lowering a head molding by a head drive onto the side molding, iii) Introducing slip into a cavity of the die casting mold to form a shard, iv) moving up the head molding by the head drive, v) synchronous moving apart of the right side molding to the bottom molding and the left side molding to the bottom molding by the drive and the linkage. A method of die casting according to claim 14,
characterized,
that the method is carried out with a device which has at least one die casting mold (10) each having a plurality of mold parts that can move relative to one another, a right side mold part, a left side mold part, a bottom mold part and a head mold part, and
wherein the molded parts form at least one cavity in the closed state,
wherein the right side mold part (11) is arranged on a right side slide (21), and wherein the left side mold part (12) is arranged on a left side slide (22), and wherein the bottom mold part (13) is arranged on a lower mold slide (23) , and wherein the head molding is arranged on a head slide (24), and
wherein the right side carriage (21), the left side carriage (22) and the lower mold carriage (23) and the head carriage (24) are movably mounted with respect to one another, and
wherein the right side carriage (21), the left side carriage (22) and the lower mold carriage (23) can be moved to one another via a drive, and the head mold carriage can be moved via a head drive (5), and
wherein the die-casting mold, consisting of the molded parts, is opened and / or closed by the drive (2) and the head drive (5) and the at least one die casting mold (10) forms at least one cavity (3) in the closed state, and
wherein at least the right side mold slide, the left side mold slide and the lower mold slide are connected to one another via a linkage, and
wherein the linkage (4) is designed such that when opening and closing the right side molding (11) and the left side molding (12) move together or apart synchronously with the bottom molding (13).

Images