EP3864210A1 - Hohlzylindrisches carbonfasergebilde - Google Patents
Hohlzylindrisches carbonfasergebildeInfo
- Publication number
- EP3864210A1 EP3864210A1 EP19786535.5A EP19786535A EP3864210A1 EP 3864210 A1 EP3864210 A1 EP 3864210A1 EP 19786535 A EP19786535 A EP 19786535A EP 3864210 A1 EP3864210 A1 EP 3864210A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- carbon fiber
- fiber structure
- fibers
- carbon
- hollow cylindrical
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 240
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 150
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 149
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title abstract 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002748 Basalt fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009950 felting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007748 combinatorial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 felts Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011357 graphitized carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002557 mineral fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009952 needle felting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012783 reinforcing fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4209—Inorganic fibres
- D04H1/4242—Carbon fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
- B01D39/2055—Carbonaceous material
- B01D39/2065—Carbonaceous material the material being fibrous
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
- D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
- D04H1/76—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres otherwise than in a plane, e.g. in a tubular way
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
- D10B2101/10—Inorganic fibres based on non-oxides other than metals
- D10B2101/12—Carbon; Pitch
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2321/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D10B2321/10—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polymers of unsaturated nitriles, e.g. polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene cyanide
Definitions
- the invention relates to a hollow cylindrical carbon fiber structure, e.g. a hollow cylindrical carbon fiber body, a process for its production and its use, in particular as a high-temperature insulation cylinder.
- DE 10 2012 201 650 A1 describes a hollow cylindrical heat shield which comprises at least one graphite foil, on the outside of which at least one wound fiber structure is provided.
- the fiber structure has a degree of coverage of less than 100%.
- the wound fiber structure can be selected, inter alia, from cords, twists, yarns, rovings, nonwovens, fabrics, knitted fabrics, knitted fabrics, felting.
- At least one layer of a fiber composite material can be provided on the inside of the at least one graphite foil, the fiber structure of which in turn can be selected from among other things rovings, nonwovens, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, knitted fabrics, felting.
- DE 100 25 628 A1 describes a method for producing a component, such as a pipe, from fiber composite materials by applying at least one layer of a fabric or prepreg impregnated with a resin and at least one layer of wound threads, yarns soaked or resin-free , Rovings or tapes on a shaping, temporary mandrel. It is also described that one or more layers of felt can also be applied during winding. Felt made of carbon fibers, graphite fibers, cellulose fibers, polyacrylonitrile fibers, ceramic fibers are mentioned. After the winding process, for example, carbonization and optionally graphitization can be carried out. In one of the examples, two 10 mm thick layers of graphite felt are wound up as intermediate layers.
- the graphite felt had a layer thickness of 10 mm. In both layers, one layer of the graphite felt was wound up.
- the basis weight of this felt according to DIN 53854 was 1000 g / m 2 . It is emphasized that the built-in layers of felt give the component excellent thermal insulation properties. It is also described that, as a rule, the thickness of a felt layer after winding is in the range from 2 to 20 mm, preferably in the range from 5 to 10 mm. Thicknesses of up to 20 mm would be preferred if components with larger wall thicknesses are to be manufactured.
- FIG. 1A shows that the carbon fiber felt layer to be applied can be cut to length according to the circumference of the component in order to be able to be applied to the component in a simple position, that is to say without an overlap area.
- the cut surfaces of both ends of the wound up layer should then run approximately parallel to one another and as close as possible to one another, as indicated in FIG. 1A.
- the gap area can be decayed with a carbonizable binder.
- the felt is not connected in the gap area, since all fibers are cut off at the cut surfaces and do not extend from one cut surface into the other cut surface.
- the gap area has exactly the same width as small as possible. In practice, however, this ideal state is practically impossible or can only be achieved by very time-consuming manual post-processing of the two cutting surfaces.
- the carbon fiber felt layer to be applied can be cut to length. It is then applied in at least part of the circumference in multiple layers, that is to say with an overlap area.
- a small overlap area is shown as an example.
- the carbon fiber felt can also be wound up in multiple layers. Regardless of the size of the overlap area, the carbon fiber felt is spirally connected, because the fibers run inside the spiral wound felt layer. The fibers do not run from one layer into the next, further outside or further inside layer. Regardless of the size of the overlap area and the number of layers, an all-round uniform layer structure can never be achieved with a winding with a felt layer with overlap, so that there are always areas with better and poorer thermal insulation properties.
- high-temperature treated products which were high-temperature-treated in high-temperature furnaces with insulating cylinders of the prior art, had undesirable defects which led to a high level of rejects. This has been observed, for example, in the manufacture of glass fibers.
- the present invention is therefore based on the object of providing an object which enables the highest possible yield of a high-temperature-treated product, is particularly durable and is particularly easy to manufacture.
- the object is intended to enable a particularly effective high-temperature treatment process, also and in particular if one also takes into account the effort required for installing and renewing high-temperature insulation material.
- a hollow cylindrical carbon fiber structure preferably a hollow cylindrical carbon fiber body
- a carbon fiber nonwoven which is connected to the circumference between the inner surface and the outer surface of the carbon fiber structure.
- a hollow cylindrical carbon fiber structure means a hollow cylindrical structure containing carbon fibers.
- the carbon fiber structure can consist essentially of only the carbon fiber nonwoven.
- consisting essentially only of the carbon fiber nonwoven means that the carbon fiber nonwoven has at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 70% by weight, particularly preferably at least 90% by weight, very particularly preferably at least 95% by weight, most preferably at least 99% by weight of the total mass of the carbon fiber structure.
- the carbon fiber nonwoven fabric can also be present in a layer composite with another material.
- the carbon fiber structure according to the invention can thus be a hollow cylindrical carbon fiber layer composite structure comprising the carbon fiber nonwoven fabric which is circumferentially connected between the inner jacket surface and the outer jacket surface of the carbon fiber structure and at least one on the outer jacket surface and / or the coherent material layer arranged on the inner surface of the carbon fiber structure.
- the material layer can consist of a carbon-based material which contains, for example, at least 80% by weight of carbon.
- a preferred carbon fiber layer composite structure according to the invention comprises a carbon fiber reinforced carbon tube (CFC tube) arranged on the inner surface of the carbon fiber structure.
- Carbon fiber reinforced carbon (CFC) is a carbon fiber composite material with a carbon matrix.
- the carbon fiber nonwoven is preferably shrunk onto the CFC tube.
- the carbon matrix can also contain carbon, for example in the form of graphite.
- the preferred carbon fiber layer composite structure according to the invention which comprises a CFC tube arranged on the inner surface of the carbon fiber structure, can also comprise a CFC tube arranged on the outer surface surface of the carbon fiber structure.
- Carbon fiber layer composite structures according to the invention are, for example, the hollow cylindrical heat shields described in DE 10 2012 201 650 A1, the developable components described in DE 100 25 628 A1, the components described in DE 10 2016 219 214 A1 for high-temperature applications if the heat described therein Shields, components or components instead of at least one of the nonwovens, felts, graphite felts, fiber layers, insulating felts, fiber fabrics, fiber nonwovens or fiber felts explicitly mentioned in these documents have the all-round connected carbon fiber nonwoven.
- the hollow cylindrical carbon fiber structure according to the invention is preferably self-supporting. It is then referred to as a hollow cylindrical carbon fiber body.
- Self-supporting means that the hollow cylindrical carbon fiber body retains its hollow cylindrical shape under the load of its own mass. This can be tested by placing the carbon fiber structure according to the invention on a flat surface in such a way that the force of gravity acts parallel to the longitudinal axis of the hollow cylindrical carbon fiber body. If the carbon fiber structure deposited in this way does not fall over within 30 seconds under the load of its own mass, a hollow cylindrical carbon fiber body is present.
- An entirely according to the invention A particularly preferred hollow cylindrical carbon fiber structure is a hollow cylindrical carbon fiber body, which essentially consists only of the carbon fiber nonwoven.
- the invention also includes hollow cylindrical carbon fiber structures which do not maintain their shape under the load of their own mass according to the above test, e.g. Carbon fiber hoses. These are referred to herein as non-self-supporting hollow cylindrical carbon fiber structures. They assume a hollow cylindrical shape, for example, when they are completely on the outer surface of a sufficiently long and sufficiently thick cylindrical body, such as on a metal bar.
- hollow cylindrical means that the invented object is hollow and cylindrical.
- cylindrical refers to a geometric body in which two parallel, flat, congruent base surfaces are connected to one another by an outer surface. Two corresponding points on each base edge are connected by a line. The entirety of these parallel lines forms the outer surface of the jacket.
- both base surfaces each have an opening of a channel penetrating the carbon fiber structure from one base surface to the other base surface.
- the channel is bounded all around by the inner surface of the jacket.
- the surfaces of both openings are congruent and connected to each other by the inner surface of the jacket. Two corresponding points on both opening edges are connected by a line. The entirety of these parallel sections then forms the inner surface of the jacket.
- the area of a base area enclosed between a base surface edge and an opening edge is referred to as an end surface.
- the hollow cylindrical carbon fiber structure therefore has four surfaces, an outer surface, an inner surface and two end faces.
- the length of the carbon fiber structure is preferably at least 0.1 times, particularly preferably at least 0.2 times, very particularly preferably at least 0.3 times the outer circumference of the carbon fiber structure.
- the outer circumference is measured in a plane oriented orthogonally to the longitudinal axis of the carbon fiber structure.
- the end faces of the hollow cylindrical carbon fiber structure can have any shape. They can be, for example, circular, oval or polygonal, the edges running in the outer surface of the jacket then being rounded.
- the end faces are preferably circular or oval, particularly preferably circular. This information relates to the outer edge of the end faces, at which the end faces merge into the outer surface of the jacket. However, the inner edge of the end faces is preferably also circular or oval, particularly preferably circular.
- the wall thickness of the hollow cylindrical carbon fiber structure or of the carbon fiber nonwoven is defined by the distance from the outer surface to the inner surface. For each point of the inner surface of the jacket, a point of the outer surface of the jacket closest to this point can be defined. The distance to the next point of the outer surface defines the wall thickness at the respective point of the inner surface.
- the wall thickness for each point of the inner surface of the jacket can easily be calculated from a three-dimensional image (3D scan) of the structure according to the invention.
- the wall thickness preferably never exceeds 25%, preferably nowhere 20%, particularly preferably nowhere 15%, extremely preferably nowhere 10% of the length of the hollow cylindrical carbon fiber structure.
- the wall thickness is preferably constant all round.
- the projection along the longitudinal axis of the carbon fiber structure into a projection plane running orthogonally to the longitudinal axis comprises two circles, the focal points of which coincide. It is then a circular hollow cylindrical carbon fiber structure.
- the actual shape of the hollow cylindrical carbon fiber structure differs from the ideal hollow cylindrical geometry due to the manufacturing process.
- setting behavior was observed in the pyrolysis described in more detail below.
- the wall thickness and / or the density of the carbon fiber nonwoven material increased in an area located lower during pyrolysis than in an area located higher during pyrolysis. This could be avoided by performing the pyrolysis on the horizontally mounted hollow-cylindrical structure and the hollow-cylindrical one Formation rotates about its longitudinal axis at least in the temperature range in which setting behavior would occur.
- the wall thickness of the carbon fiber nonwoven is preferably radially symmetrical at least in a section of the hollow cylindrical carbon fiber structure. Two parallel cutting planes, which are orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the hollow cylindrical carbon fiber structure, limit the section mentioned here.
- a radially symmetrical wall thickness exists if the wall thickness of the carbon fiber nonwoven is constant within the section. Constant means that the wall thickness is not more than 10% less at any point in the section than at any other point in the section.
- the section preferably extends from one end face to the other end face and then comprises the entire carbon fiber nonwoven.
- the average density of the carbon fiber nonwoven is preferably essentially radially symmetrical in at least one plane that is orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the hollow cylindrical carbon fiber structure.
- a radially symmetrical average density is given if cylindrical samples taken in the plane all around and extending from the inside of the carbon fiber nonwoven to the outside of the carbon fiber nonwoven have the same average density.
- the cylindrical samples can be cut out of the carbon fiber nonwoven with a pointed knife, the cut out inner and outer surfaces of the carbon fiber nonwoven then forming the end faces of the cylindrical sample.
- the average density of each sample is calculated from the mass of the sample determined by weighing and the volume of the sample. For example, Eight cylindrical specimens all around at eight points within the plane, with each point keeping the same distance from the next two neighboring points.
- the average density of the sample with the lowest average density is at most 10% lower, preferably at most 5% lower, particularly preferably at most 3% lower, than the average density of the sample with the highest average density, a radially symmetrical density is given.
- the density of the carbon fiber nonwoven as described in more detail below, is often higher towards the inside of the jacket than towards the outside of the jacket, we deliberately speak in this paragraph of an average density of the carbon fiber nonwoven.
- a carbon fiber nonwoven is understood to mean a nonwoven that contains carbon fibers.
- Carbon fiber is any fiber whose carbon content is at least 60% by weight, more preferably at least 80% by weight, particularly preferably at least 92% by weight. %, particularly preferably at least 96% by weight, very particularly preferably at least 99% by weight and most preferably at least 99.5% by weight.
- the term carbon fiber thus includes carbonized and graphitized fibers.
- the carbon fiber nonwoven is a mechanically consolidated carbon fiber felt, e.g. a carbon fiber needle felt or a hydroentangled carbon fiber felt.
- the carbon fiber nonwoven preferably has an average density in the range from 0.04 to 0.4 g / cm 3 , preferably in the range from 0.07 to 0.25 g / cm 3 , most preferably in the range from 0.07 to 0.2 g / cm 3 .
- the average density can be determined by weighing the carbon fiber nonwoven, determining its volume and dividing the mass determined by weighing by the volume.
- the volume can be determined, for example, from a three-dimensional image (3D scan), which can be obtained using optical 3D technology. For example, COMET® systems from Zeiss can be used for this.
- Densities lower than 0.04 g / cm 3 are disadvantageous for many applications, since the carbon fiber nonwoven fabric with an even lower density at typical wall thicknesses is no longer self-supporting and consequently can only be used with great effort in many applications, for example in a laminate with one supporting material. Densities higher than 0.4 g / cm 3 would only be obtainable from a non-woven fabric with an even higher density, which is connected all round, since pyrolysis generally leads to a decrease in density. Needle consolidation is always only possible up to a certain density. Further needling beyond this can lead to damage to the starting fiber and thus to the carbon fiber nonwoven.
- the carbon fiber nonwoven fabric which is connected all round, has a tensile strength of at least 0.01 MPa, particularly preferably at least 0.025 MPa, very particularly preferably at least 0.05 MPa. This is measured according to DIN EN ISO 13934-1 with samples measuring 40mm (width) x 175mm (length). The free clamping length of the test material was 100 mm. Tensile strength measurement is carried out across the direction of needling, comparative tests surprisingly showed that such high tensile strengths could not be achieved by needling from carbon fiber.
- the density of the carbon fiber nonwoven fabric is higher in a region facing the inner surface of the jacket (at least 2% higher, preferably at least 4% higher, particularly preferably at least 6% higher) ), as the density of the carbon fiber nonwoven in a region facing the outer surface of the jacket.
- Such a density distribution can be easily adjusted by shrinking the carbon fiber nonwoven onto a shaping body, since the fleece is compressed more closely near the shaping body than further away from the shaping body.
- the average density of the carbon fiber nonwoven in the entire area facing the inner surface of the jacket is preferably higher (at least 2% higher, preferably at least 4% higher, particularly preferably at least 6% higher) than the average density of the carbon fiber nonwoven in the entire the area facing the outer surface of the jacket.
- the total volume and total mass of the inner halves and the total volume and total mass of the outer halves are then determined, and from this the density of the carbon fiber nonwoven in the entire area facing the inner surface of the jacket and the density of the carbon fiber nonwoven fabric in the entire area facing the outer jacket surface are determined.
- the high temperature thermal conductivity and thus the thermal insulation property has two important parts.
- the thermal insulation property is determined by the material itself, i.e. by the thermal conductivity of the fiber material.
- the thermal conductivity is also determined via the overall material density, which through the reflection of the heat radiation influences the insulation property.
- the proportion of radiation reflection is high and a high material density is therefore advantageous.
- the shrinkage described in greater detail here specifically produces high carbon fiber nonwoven fabric densities, with the result of a better thermal insulation effect at the particularly high temperatures prevailing on the inside.
- the all-round connected carbon fiber nonwoven fabric can therefore be obtained by shrinking on.
- a temperature gradient forms from the inside of the jacket to the outside of the jacket, entirely in accordance with the density gradient in the carbon fiber nonwoven.
- a particularly effective thermal insulation is achieved by a carbon fiber nonwoven density which is adapted to the temperature gradient and decreases from the inside to the outside of the carbon fiber nonwoven. If the density of the carbon fiber nonwoven in a region facing the inner surface of the jacket is higher than the density of the carbon fiber nonwoven in a region facing the outer surface of the jacket, this results in a particularly good thermal insulation if very specific, application-specific temperature gradients are obtained via the carbon fiber nonwoven should be maintained.
- a hollow cylindrical carbon fiber structure cut from a block would not have these advantageous thermal insulation properties.
- the density would then not decrease through the wall from the inside to the outside, but would be determined by the density distribution in the block from which the hollow cylindrical carbon fiber structure is cut.
- the higher density of the carbon fiber nonwoven fabric on the inside also has the advantage of a higher mechanical strength. In the furnace, the hollow cylindrical carbon fiber nonwoven is mechanically protected only mechanically from the outside by the furnace wall. A higher density of the carbon fiber nonwoven on the inside of the jacket counteracts damage caused by mechanical loads, making the furnace lining even more durable.
- the proportion of carbon fibers in the carbon fiber nonwoven can contribute at least 10% by weight, preferably at least 50% by weight, particularly preferably at least 70% by weight, very particularly preferably at least 90% by weight, of the total mass of the carbon fiber nonwoven.
- the carbon fiber nonwoven preferably consists essentially of carbon fibers.
- the proportion of carbon fibers in the carbon fiber nonwoven is then at least 95% by weight, e.g. we at least 99 wt% or 100 wt%.
- the carbon fiber nonwoven fabric can also contain other materials. In principle, all materials are conceivable that do not interfere with one of the uses described here, for example other fiber materials and / or particles.
- the carbon fiber nonwoven fabric can contain another fiber material.
- the fiber material can be mineral fibers, e.g. include oxidic fibers and / or carbidic fibers.
- the oxidic fibers include glass fibers, basalt fibers, aluminum oxide fibers, silicon oxide fibers.
- Preferred carbide fibers are silicon carbide fibers.
- the carbon fiber nonwoven can contain particles, for example activated carbon particles or also catalytically active particles, such as metal particles or multi-element oxide particles, particles of activated carbon, natural graphite flakes or graphite powder.
- particles for example activated carbon particles or also catalytically active particles, such as metal particles or multi-element oxide particles, particles of activated carbon, natural graphite flakes or graphite powder.
- the person skilled in the art is familiar with metals or multielement oxides which are used on a large industrial scale in the chemical industry for a wide range of heterogeneously catalyzed reactions.
- the person skilled in the art is also aware of metals or multi-element oxides which are used in catalytic converters of motor vehicles for cleaning the exhaust gas flow.
- metals or multi-element oxides which are used in waste incineration plants for cleaning the exhaust gas flow.
- the carbon fiber structure comprises a carbon fiber nonwoven that is connected all round. Circling all the way around means that the arrangement of fibers which are connected to one another in an irregular manner and which is characteristic of a nonwoven fabric and which occurs in the production of nonwoven fabrics in a flat nonwoven web, exists all around. If one cuts through the carbon fiber nonwoven orthogonally to the longitudinal axis of the hollow cylindrical structure, neither a beginning nor an end of the circumferential carbon fiber nonwoven is recognizable in the cut surface. In particular, there is no joint or seam in the cut surface.
- the carbon fiber nonwoven can contain very thin, very thick or a wide range of differently thick carbon fibers.
- the average diameter of the fibers is preferably 3 to 20 pm, preferably 5 to 10 pm.
- the mean diameter is determined microscopically.
- the carbon fibers can be activated in the carbon fiber nonwoven.
- the activation of carbon fibers is described, for example, by INAGAKI Michio and KANG Feiyu in Materials Science and Engineering of Carbon Fundamentals, Second Edition 2014, ISBN: 978-0-12- 800858-4 in section “a. Activated Carbon Fibers ”on pages 365 to 367 and the documents cited in this section.
- the carbon fibers can have, for example, a BET surface area of at most 2000 m 2 / g, preferably from 1 to 1500 m 2 / g, particularly preferably from 5 to 1000 m 2 / g, very particularly preferably from 10 to 750 m 2 / g preferably have from 20 to 500 m 2 / g.
- the specific surface according to Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET surface) of the carbon fiber nonwoven can be determined by sorption of nitrogen (DIN ISO 9277; 2014-01).
- Hollow cylindrical carbon fiber structures with activated carbon fiber nonwovens are particularly suitable for cleaning water and as filter materials, eg in filter cartridges.
- the carbon fiber structure according to the invention defines a high-temperature treatment zone which is surrounded by the carbon fiber non-woven fabric which is connected all round. Since the carbon fiber nonwoven is connected all round, it has neither the gap areas nor the areas with different numbers of layers that result from conventional winding of carbon fiber felts according to FIGS. 1A and 1B. This ensures an almost constant thermal insulation capacity of the surrounding carbon fiber Nonwoven allows. As a result, it is assumed that spatial temperature variations in the high-temperature treatment zone also decrease. In particular, there are no temperature minima in the high-temperature treatment zone which can occur at the gap areas of the prior art mentioned at the beginning. The thermal insulation is weaker in the gap areas.
- the longevity of the carbon fiber structure according to the invention is high, since it is not possible to delaminate the carbon fiber nonwoven fabric, which is connected all round. Ultimately, this also helps to make better use of the furnace volume installed at one location.
- the carbon fiber body has to be changed less often, which means that production operations are interrupted less often.
- the carbon fiber structure according to the invention is obtained by a process in which a hollow cylindrical starting fiber structure, which comprises a non-woven material which is circumferentially connected between the inner surface and the outer surface of the starting fiber structure, is subjected to pyrolysis.
- the pyrolysis is carried out in such a way that the carbon content of the starting fiber structure increases and the mass of the starting fiber structure decreases.
- the nonwoven is converted to the carbon fiber nonwoven, so that a carbon fiber structure according to the invention results from the starting fiber structure.
- the fibers of the hollow cylindrical starting fiber structure can include a wide variety of carbonizable fibers, among others cellulose fibers, cellulose-based fibers such as cellulose acetate fibers or viscose fibers, polyacrylonitrile-based fibers, oxidized polyacrylonitrile-based fibers, phenolic resin fibers, polyimide fibers, pitch fibers, wool fibers or mixtures thereof.
- the fibers of the hollow cylindrical starting fiber structure preferably comprise polyacrylonitrile-based fibers, viscose fibers and / or pitch-based fibers.
- a Part of the fibers of the hollow-cylindrical starting fiber structure can also not be carbonizable, such as carbon fibers, basalt fibers or glass fibers.
- stabilization generally takes place at 200 to 300 ° C in air.
- the polyacrylonitrile-based fibers are then converted to oxidized polyacrylonitrile-based fibers.
- a hollow cylindrical starting fiber structure which comprises a non-woven material that is continuously connected between the inner surface and the outer surface of the starting fiber structure, is commercially available in a wide variety of forms, for example needle punch manufacturers offer endlessly needled felt tubes in a wide range of different lengths, wall thicknesses and densities.
- Machines for the production of hollow cylindrical starting fiber structures are offered by Dilo Machines GmbH, 69405 Eberbach, Germany.
- DE 1 660 765 describes a device for producing endless paper machine felts or technical tubular felts with two mutually adjustable transport rollers and with a needle machine. By adjusting the distance between the two transport rollers, tubular felts with different diameters can be produced in a targeted manner.
- DE 24 34 242 A1 describes a needle-felted material and a method for its production.
- the process comprises the following steps: a) forming a continuous web of fibers; b) Feeding the web in the form of a spiral so as to create a tube. fen, with adjacent windings of the spiral overlapping each other; c) spiral wrapping of the tube as the web is fed with reinforcing fibers d) needle felting of the tube and fibers and e) progressive advancement of the needle felted tube in the direction of the axis of the tube.
- tubular needle felted material Other methods of making tubular needle felted material are described in U.S. Patent No. 3,758,926 and U.S. Patent No. 3,758,926.
- the known methods can be used to produce starting fiber structures with a very large bandwidth of different dimensions.
- the outer circumference of the starting fiber structure can be 20 m or more.
- the inner circumference can be very small and e.g. be only 5 mm.
- starting fiber structures with a wide range of different wall thicknesses are accessible, in particular wall thicknesses in the range from 2 to 100 mm.
- hollow cylindrical fiber structures with all producible dimensions are suitable as starting fiber structures for the method according to the invention, so that there is a correspondingly wide range of hollow cylindrical carbon fiber structures.
- the pyrolysis is typically carried out with the exclusion of oxygen and at temperatures of at least 300 ° C. or preferably at temperatures of at least 500 ° C.
- the pyrolysis preferably comprises a first temperature treatment at 500 to 1600 ° C, for example at 800 to 1200 ° C. This first temperature treatment is referred to as carbonization.
- the pyrolysis can also be subjected to a second temperature treatment at 1600 to 3000 ° C, e.g. at 1700 to 2400 ° C.
- the second temperature treatment is called graphitization.
- carbon fiber refers here to fibers that can be carbonized or that can be carbonized and also graphitized.
- the starting fiber structure is drawn onto a cylindrical shaping body and shrunk onto the cylindrical shaping body during pyrolysis.
- the shaping body essentially has only a shaping function.
- the carbon fiber structure obtained is then removed from the shaping body after carbonization.
- the carbon fiber structures obtained can be pulled off from the molding body by using a molding body whose diameter after carbonization decreases more rapidly on cooling than the inner diameter of the shrunk carbon fiber structure. Then the molding and the shrunk-on carbon fiber structure are cooled after the pyrolysis in order to pull the carbon fiber structure off the molding body.
- a hollow cylindrical carbon fiber structure is obtained, the inner surface of which has almost exactly the shape of the shell of the shaping body. It is possible, for example, to obtain quasi completely round inner surfaces of the jacket if a circular cylinder is used as the shaping body.
- the temperature at which the high-temperature treatment is to take place can be set particularly precisely in a high-temperature insulation cylinder with an approximately ideal surface.
- the shaping body forms part of the carbon fiber structure.
- the shaping body for example a CFC tube
- the shaping body is preferably also hollow cylindrical and forms a coherent material layer arranged on the inside on the carbon fiber nonwoven.
- the shrinking enables the carbon fiber nonwoven to be firmly attached to a carbon-based material layer which contains, for example, at least 80% by weight of carbon.
- This procedure leads to a layer structure with felt layers (eg graphite felt layers), which has proven itself, for example, in the heat shields described in DE 100 25 628 A1.
- felt layers eg graphite felt layers
- the first temperature treatment takes place after the starting fiber structure has been pulled onto the shaping body.
- the carbon fiber structure obtained is removed from the molding body and the carbon fiber structure removed from the molding body can then be subjected to the second temperature treatment. It was shown that a graphitized hollow cylindrical carbon fiber structure is obtained, the inner surface of which has almost exactly the shape of the shell of the shaping body, without the shaping body having to be made of a very expensive, high-temperature stable material which can also withstand graphitization conditions would.
- the carbon fiber structure present after the first or second temperature treatment shows a significantly increased mechanical stability compared to wound
- High-temperature treated carbon fiber nonwoven fabric can be expected in the case of hollow cylinders according to the invention which have been exposed to less high temperatures during pyrolysis, e.g. only 500 ° C.
- the BET surface area of the carbon fibers of the carbon fiber structure present after the first or second temperature treatment can be increased by gas activation.
- the gas activation can e.g. with carbon dioxide, water vapor or air.
- the invention also includes a carbon fiber structure, obtainable by the method according to the invention.
- the invention particularly relates to the use of the carbon fiber structure according to the invention as a high-temperature insulation cylinder.
- the invention also relates to the use of the carbon fiber structure according to the invention as a filter material in a filter candle.
- the application temperature of these rigid filters is usually max. Limited to 350 ° C.
- the invention also relates to the use of the carbon fiber structure according to the invention as a carrier material for filter media, such as activated carbon, or as a catalyst carrier.
- the active component such as activated carbon or the metal oxide can be distributed homogeneously in the carbon fiber structure in the manufacturing process.
- the combinatorial effect of the active component can supplement the mechanical filtration with chemical adsorption or with reactive, catalytic cleaning.
- the radially homogeneous structure of the carbon fiber nonwoven therefore leads to a homogeneous distribution of the active component and thus to an effective catalytic reaction.
- the invention also relates to the use of the carbon fiber structure according to the invention as an electrode material.
- tubular systems should achieve higher efficiencies through larger electrode areas.
- Hollow cylindrical carbon fiber structures according to the invention form suitable electrode materials for this.
- the invention also relates to the use of the carbon fiber structure according to the invention as a resistance heating element.
- the electrically conductive carbon fiber structure enables heating by applying an electrical voltage.
- the filter can also be used to heat the medium to be filtered, for example for liquids.
- the invention also relates to the use of the carbon fiber structure according to the invention as a droplet separator or demister.
- Droplet separators enable efficient
- FIGS. 1A and 1B show sections through carbon fiber nonwovens according to the invention
- FIG. 2 shows a section through a hollow cylindrical carbon fiber structure according to the invention
- FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate known application options for carbon fiber nonwovens which are not connected all round. For simplification, the application on the outer surface of a cylinder is illustrated.
- the section shown in FIG. 1A represents a sectional area through a carbon fiber nonwoven fabric 2 and a cylinder 10.
- the carbon fiber nonwoven fabric 2 is applied to the outer surface of the cylinder 10 by conventional winding without an overlap area.
- the cut surfaces 3, 4 of both ends of the wound-up layer run approximately parallel to one another and close together. This creates a gap area that is essentially orthogonal to the outer and inner surface of the carbon fiber fleece.
- the gap area has decayed with carbonizable binder 5.
- the carbon fiber nonwoven fabric is not connected in the gap area, since all fibers are cut off at the cut surfaces 3, 4 and do not extend from one cut surface 3 into the other cut surface 4.
- the gap area should have exactly the same width as small as possible, which can only be achieved with great effort.
- the section shown in FIG. 1B represents a sectional area through a carbon fiber nonwoven fabric 2, which is applied to the cylinder 10 by conventional winding with an overlap region 6.
- the carbon fiber nonwoven fabric is applied in multiple layers in the overlap area 6.
- a small overlap area 6 is shown by way of example.
- the carbon fiber nonwoven fabric 2 can, however, also be wound longer and all around in multiple layers. Regardless of the size of the overlap area 6, the carbon fiber nonwoven fabric 2 is spirally connected, because the fibers run inside the spirally wound carbon fiber nonwoven fabric 2. The fibers do not run from one layer into the next, further outward or further inward layer.
- FIG. 2 shows a section through a self-supporting hollow cylindrical carbon fiber structure 1 comprising a carbon fiber nonwoven fabric 2 which is circumferentially connected between the inner surface 7 and the outer surface 8 of the carbon fiber structure 1.
- a method based on BELTEX technology was selected from the known methods for producing mechanically consolidated nonwovens by circular needling, and a hollow cylindrical starting fiber structure was thus produced by circular needling of an uncompressed web of fibers. 100% viscose fibers were used to produce the web (3.0 dtex, cutting length 65 mm).
- the hollow cylindrical starting fiber structure obtained had a length of 830 mm, an inner diameter of 600 mm, an outer diameter of 740 mm and thus a wall thickness of 70 mm.
- the weight of the starting fiber structure was 27 kg. This results in a volume of the starting fiber structure of 122289 cm 3 and a density of 0.22 g / cm 3 calculated from this.
- This starting fiber structure was subjected to a first high temperature treatment. For this purpose, it was placed on a cylindrical metal shaping body with a diameter of 430 mm and subjected to a first temperature treatment (carbonization) in a furnace at 900 ° C in an oven under a protective gas atmosphere. After this temperature treatment, the mixture was cooled and the hollow cylindrical carbon fiber structure obtained was then pulled off the molding.
- the carbon fiber structure had a length of 580 mm, an inner diameter of 448 mm, an outer diameter of 548 mm and thus a wall thickness of 50 mm.
- the weight of the carbon fiber structure was 7 kg. This results in a volume of 45370 cm 3 and a calculated density of 0.15 g / cm 3.
- the carbon fiber structure was then additionally subjected to a second high-temperature treatment (graphitization), whereby no shaping body and firing container were used. It was graphitized at 2200 ° C in an oven under a protective gas atmosphere. After this high-temperature treatment, the hollow cylindrical carbon fiber structure obtained had a length of 580 mm, an inside diameter of 450 mm, an outside diameter of 550 mm and thus a wall thickness of 50 mm. The weight of the structure was 6.4 kg. This results in a volume of 45552 cm 3 and a calculated density of 0.14 g / cm 3 .
- a sample of the graphitized carbon fiber structure was taken both from the inside of the jacket and from the outside of the jacket.
- the dimensions of the samples were chosen in accordance with the specifications of DIN 51936. A diameter of 20 mm and a length of 3 mm were chosen.
- a bulk density according to DIN 51918 of 0.16 g / cm 3 for the inside of the jacket and a bulk density of 0.15 g / cm 3 for the outside of the jacket could be determined.
- the roundness of the inner diameter of the carbon fiber structure obtained after the first high-temperature treatment was determined by optical 3D technology (scan) of the hollow cylinder using a COMET® system from Zeiss.
- the roundness was determined by recording the largest and smallest measurable inner diameter. The roundness can then be calculated from the difference. A value of ⁇ 4 mm was obtained for the carbon fiber structure.
- a process according to RONTEX technology was selected from the processes described in the prior art for producing mechanically bonded nonwovens by circular needling, and a hollow cylindrical starting fiber structure was thus produced by circular needling of an undensified web of fibers.
- 100% oxidized polyacrylonitrile SGL - PANOX®; available under the designation C63-1.7 / 1.39-A110
- the initial fiber structure obtained had a length of 170 mm, an inner diameter of 145 mm, an outer diameter of 170 mm and thus a wall thickness of 12.5 mm.
- the weight of the structure was 215 g. This resulted in a volume of 1050 cm 3 and a calculated density of 0.20 g / cm 3 .
- the initial fiber structure was subjected to a first high temperature treatment (carbonization).
- a first high temperature treatment carbonization
- the structure was placed on a cylindrical shaping body made of metal with a diameter of 130 mm and carbonized in a furnace at 900 ° C. in an oven under a protective gas atmosphere.
- the mixture was cooled and the hollow cylindrical carbon fiber structure obtained from Shaped molding body.
- the hollow cylindrical carbon fiber structure obtained had a length of 150 mm, an inner diameter of 130 mm, an outer diameter of 152 mm and thus a wall thickness of 11 mm.
- the weight of the structure was 113 g. This resulted in a volume of the structure of 731 cm 3 and a calculated density of 0.16 g / cm 3 .
- This carbon fiber structure was then additionally subjected to a second high-temperature treatment (graphitization), with no shaping body and firing container being used.
- the structure was graphitized at 2200 ° C. in an oven under a protective gas atmosphere.
- the hollow cylindrical carbon fiber structure obtained had a length of 150 mm, an inner diameter of 131 mm, an outer diameter of 152 mm and thus a wall thickness of 10.5 mm.
- the weight of the structure was 100 g. This resulted in a volume of 700 cm 3 and a calculated density of 0.14 g / cm 3 .
- all of the hollow cylindrical structures were self-supporting. As explained above, they could therefore also be referred to as hollow cylindrical fiber bodies.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102018217237.4A DE102018217237A1 (de) | 2018-10-09 | 2018-10-09 | Hohlzylindrisches Carbonfasergebilde |
PCT/EP2019/077209 WO2020074504A1 (de) | 2018-10-09 | 2019-10-08 | Hohlzylindrisches carbonfasergebilde |
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EP3864210A1 true EP3864210A1 (de) | 2021-08-18 |
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EP19786535.5A Withdrawn EP3864210A1 (de) | 2018-10-09 | 2019-10-08 | Hohlzylindrisches carbonfasergebilde |
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US (1) | US20210388546A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3864210A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102018217237A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2020074504A1 (de) |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1990015892A1 (en) * | 1989-06-12 | 1990-12-27 | Osaka Gas Company Limited | High bulk density carbon fiber felt and method of manufacturing the same, and thermal insulator |
Family Cites Families (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3479151A (en) * | 1966-01-03 | 1969-11-18 | Hitco | Method of carbonizing fibrous cellulosic materials |
DE1660765A1 (de) * | 1967-09-15 | 1971-08-05 | Richard Dilo | Verfahren zum Herstellen endloser Papiermaschinenfilze oder technischer Schlauchfilze und Vorrichtung zum Durchfuehren des Verfahrens |
DE2552243C3 (de) * | 1975-11-21 | 1978-12-21 | Richard 6930 Eberbach Dilo | Vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen Herstellen von rohrförmigen Nadelvliesstoffen |
US3758926A (en) * | 1969-07-01 | 1973-09-18 | R Dilo | Method of making a tubular needled web |
US3909893A (en) * | 1974-07-15 | 1975-10-07 | John Clarke Wilde | Process for making tubular needlefelted material |
US4581263A (en) * | 1984-08-27 | 1986-04-08 | Fiber Materials, Inc. | Graphite fiber mold |
US4902561A (en) * | 1988-03-04 | 1990-02-20 | The Dow Chemical Company | Lock set structure |
US5145732A (en) * | 1989-03-01 | 1992-09-08 | Osaka Gas Company Limited | High bulk density carbon fiber felt and thermal insulator |
JPH03196176A (ja) * | 1989-12-26 | 1991-08-27 | Kanai Hiroyuki | クリーニングロール |
JP3010447B2 (ja) * | 1990-01-25 | 2000-02-21 | 東邦レーヨン株式会社 | 電池用電極材とその製法 |
JP4338844B2 (ja) * | 1999-07-19 | 2009-10-07 | 東洋炭素株式会社 | 成形断熱材及びヒートシールド |
DE10025628A1 (de) * | 2000-05-24 | 2001-11-29 | Sgl Carbon Ag | Abwickelbare Bauteile aus Faserverbundwerkstoffen, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung |
CN101550017B (zh) * | 2009-05-12 | 2011-12-14 | 湖南金博复合材料科技有限公司 | 高温炉用固化碳纤维保温材料及其生产工艺 |
TWI541400B (zh) * | 2011-11-30 | 2016-07-11 | 東洋紡股份有限公司 | 活性碳纖維不織布、及使用該不織布之元件 |
DE102012201650A1 (de) * | 2012-02-03 | 2013-08-08 | Sgl Carbon Se | Hitzeschild mit äußerer Faserwicklung |
DE102016219214A1 (de) * | 2016-10-04 | 2018-04-05 | Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauelements und Bauelement |
-
2018
- 2018-10-09 DE DE102018217237.4A patent/DE102018217237A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2019
- 2019-10-08 WO PCT/EP2019/077209 patent/WO2020074504A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2019-10-08 US US17/283,891 patent/US20210388546A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2019-10-08 EP EP19786535.5A patent/EP3864210A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1990015892A1 (en) * | 1989-06-12 | 1990-12-27 | Osaka Gas Company Limited | High bulk density carbon fiber felt and method of manufacturing the same, and thermal insulator |
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DE102018217237A1 (de) | 2020-04-09 |
US20210388546A1 (en) | 2021-12-16 |
WO2020074504A1 (de) | 2020-04-16 |
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