EP3863782A1 - Billes frittees en carbure(s) de tungstene - Google Patents
Billes frittees en carbure(s) de tungsteneInfo
- Publication number
- EP3863782A1 EP3863782A1 EP19782632.4A EP19782632A EP3863782A1 EP 3863782 A1 EP3863782 A1 EP 3863782A1 EP 19782632 A EP19782632 A EP 19782632A EP 3863782 A1 EP3863782 A1 EP 3863782A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- powder
- sintered
- mass
- less
- carbide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 131
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910003468 tantalcarbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- INZDTEICWPZYJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(chloromethyl)-4-[4-(chloromethyl)phenyl]benzene Chemical compound C1=CC(CCl)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(CCl)C=C1 INZDTEICWPZYJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium carbide Chemical compound [Cr]#C[Cr]C#[Cr] UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- UNASZPQZIFZUSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidyneniobium Chemical compound [Nb]#C UNASZPQZIFZUSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidynetantalum Chemical compound [Ta]#C NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910003470 tongbaite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- QIJNJJZPYXGIQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1lambda4,2lambda4-dimolybdacyclopropa-1,2,3-triene Chemical compound [Mo]=C=[Mo] QIJNJJZPYXGIQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910039444 MoC Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 5
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000282341 Mustela putorius furo Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101100226120 Mus musculus Ess2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 titanium carbides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010947 wet-dispersion method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OFEAOSSMQHGXMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12007-10-2 Chemical compound [W].[W]=[B] OFEAOSSMQHGXMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003991 Rietveld refinement Methods 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- OLBVUFHMDRJKTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[O] Chemical compound [N].[O] OLBVUFHMDRJKTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- PSHMSSXLYVAENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;[oxido(oxoboranyloxy)boranyl]oxy-oxoboranyloxyborinate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].O=BOB([O-])OB([O-])OB=O PSHMSSXLYVAENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YQCIWBXEVYWRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;sulfane Chemical compound C.S YQCIWBXEVYWRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002816 nickel compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004876 x-ray fluorescence Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/56—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides
- C04B35/5607—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on refractory metal carbides
- C04B35/5626—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on refractory metal carbides based on tungsten carbides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/06—Metallic powder characterised by the shape of the particles
- B22F1/065—Spherical particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/62695—Granulation or pelletising
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
- C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
- C22C29/08—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on tungsten carbide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/043—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by ball milling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2302/00—Metal Compound, non-Metallic compound or non-metal composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2302/10—Carbide
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/38—Non-oxide ceramic constituents or additives
- C04B2235/3817—Carbides
- C04B2235/3839—Refractory metal carbides
- C04B2235/3847—Tungsten carbides
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/40—Metallic constituents or additives not added as binding phase
- C04B2235/404—Refractory metals
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/40—Metallic constituents or additives not added as binding phase
- C04B2235/405—Iron group metals
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
- C04B2235/528—Spheres
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
- C04B2235/5296—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes with a defined aspect ratio, e.g. indicating sphericity
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
- C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
- C04B2235/5427—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof millimeter or submillimeter sized, i.e. larger than 0,1 mm
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
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- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
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- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
- C04B2235/6562—Heating rate
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- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/78—Grain sizes and shapes, product microstructures, e.g. acicular grains, equiaxed grains, platelet-structures
- C04B2235/786—Micrometer sized grains, i.e. from 1 to 100 micron
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sintered ball made of tungsten carbide (s), to a powder comprising more than 90% by mass of said balls, to a process for the manufacture of these balls, and to the use of these balls, in particular in as grinding agents.
- the mineral or mining industry uses beads for the fine grinding of materials which may be dry-ground by traditional methods, in particular for the fine grinding of calcium carbonate, titanium oxide, gypsum, kaolin and ore containing metals in generally combined form (oxides, sulfides, silicates, etc.), processes which can also involve purification methods beforehand, for example by flotation.
- All these balls conventionally have a size of 0.03 to several mm, and they must in particular have good resistance to wear.
- sintered balls made of a material having a high density such as tungsten carbide
- the higher density also makes it possible to facilitate the separation of the particles from the suspension to be ground.
- Cobalt and / or nickel are generally used as a metallic binder in the manufacture of sintered balls made of tungsten carbide (s) and make it possible to lower the sintering temperature.
- the wear and tear generated during the use of said beads has in particular the effect of releasing cobalt and / or nickel compounds, said compounds possibly posing problems of pollution of the ground or homogenized material, or even hygiene problems and environment. Likewise, hygiene and environmental problems can be encountered during the manufacture of said beads.
- An object of the invention is to respond, at least partially, to these needs.
- the invention proposes a sintered ball presenting:
- tungsten carbide (s) content greater than 55%, in percentage by mass based on the crystallized phases
- the content of tungsten carbide (s) is greater than 80%, as a percentage by mass based on the crystallized phases.
- the chemical composition comprises less than 0.01% of boron, preferably no boron, and the content of tungsten carbide (s) is greater than 80%, in percentage by mass based on the crystallized phases.
- the balls according to the invention are thus particularly well suited to microgrinding applications. They can also be used in wet dispersion applications and in surface treatment.
- the content of tungsten carbide (s) is greater than 85% or greater than 95% by mass percentage based on the crystallized phases;
- the ball has a sphericity greater than 0.90;
- WC and W 2 C together represent more than 85% of the mass of all the crystallized phases of the ball
- the ball is made up of grains and has an average grain size greater than or equal to 0.1 ⁇ m and / or less than or equal to 30 ⁇ m.
- the invention also relates to a powder comprising more than 90% by mass of sintered balls according to the invention, preferably substantially 100% of sintered balls according to the invention.
- the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a powder according to the invention, said method comprising the following steps:
- step c) preparation of a starting charge so that the bead powder obtained at the end of step c) is in accordance with the invention
- the starting charge comprises a WC powder and optionally, one or more powders of carbon, titanium carbide, tantalum carbide, boron carbide, vanadium carbide, carbide of molybdenum, chromium carbide, niobium carbide and tungsten oxide, said powders being able to be replaced, at least partially, by powders of precursors, introduced in equivalent quantities, the median size of the set of particles of said powders, preferably the median size of each said powder being less than 2 ⁇ m, preferably less than 1 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.5 ⁇ m;
- the shaping in step b) is carried out at less than 2 bar, less than 1.5 bar, less than 1.1 bar, preferably at a pressure of 1 bar, preferably at atmospheric pressure ;
- the sintering temperature in step c) is greater than 1700 ° C, preferably greater than 1800 ° C, preferably greater than 1900 ° C and preferably less than 2300 ° C;
- the sintering in step c) is carried out at less than 2 bar, less than 1.5 bar, less than 1.1 bar, preferably at a pressure of 1 bar, preferably at atmospheric pressure;
- the duration of the sintering stage in step c) is more than 0.5 hour, preferably more than 1 hour and / or less than 5 hours, preferably less than 4 hours, preferably less than 3 hours, or even less than 2 hours;
- step c) the sintering is carried out in an inert or reducing atmosphere.
- a median size for all of the particles of the starting charge of less than 2 ⁇ m makes it possible to obtain sintered beads having an apparent density greater than or equal to 14.0 g / cm 3 , preferably greater than or equal to 14.3 g / cm 3 , preferably greater than or equal to 14.5 g / cm 3 , preferably greater than or equal to 14.6 g / cm 3 , preferably greater than or equal to 15 g / cm 3 , with very low or even zero nickel and / or cobalt contents,
- step c) of sintering without the need for heat treatment under high pressure, of the hot isostatic pressing (or “Hot Isostatique Pressing” in English or HIP) or hot pressing (or “Hot Pressing” in English or HP) type, during step c) of sintering.
- the method according to the invention does not include any pressing operation in step b) or in step c), preferably in step b) and step c).
- the manufacturing process is considerably simplified, in particular for the manufacture of beads.
- the invention relates to the use of a powder according to the invention as a grinding agent, a dispersing agent in a humid medium or for the treatment of surfaces, in particular ceramic or metallic surfaces.
- ball is meant a particle having a sphericity, that is to say a ratio between its smallest diameter of Ferret and its largest diameter of Ferret, greater than or equal to 0.75, whatever the way by which this sphericity was obtained.
- bead powder is meant a powder comprising more than 90% by mass of beads.
- sintered ball is meant a ball obtained by mixing appropriate raw materials and then forming this mixture uncooked and cooking the resulting raw ball at a temperature and for a time sufficient to obtain the sintering of this raw ball.
- a sintered ball is made up of "grains" linked to each other during sintering.
- tungsten carbide any carbide comprising more than 75% by mass of the element W, and in particular WC, W 2 C, and tungsten and titanium carbides having a cubic crystallographic structure, tungsten and tantalum carbides having a cubic crystallographic structure.
- the "size" of a particle of a powder is conventionally its dimension measured by means of a laser granulometer.
- percentiles 50 (denoted D 5 o), 10 (denoted D10), 90 (denoted Dgo) and 99.5 (denoted Dgg.s), the particle or bead sizes corresponding to the percentages equal respectively to 50% , 10%, 90% and 99.5%, by mass, on the cumulative particle size distribution curve of the particle sizes, respectively of the beads of the powder, said particle sizes, respectively of beads, being classified in ascending order.
- 99.5% by mass of the particles or balls of the powder thus have a size less than Dgsi.s and 0.5% of the particles or balls, by mass, have a size greater than or equal to Dgsi. s.
- the percentiles for the ball powders can be determined using a particle size distribution carried out using a Camsizer® XT marketed by the company Horiba.
- median size of a powder of particles or beads, the percentile 50.
- the median size therefore divides the particles, the beads respectively, of the powder in first and second populations equal in mass, these first and second populations do not comprising only particles, beads respectively, having a size greater than or equal to, or less than, respectively, the median size.
- the 99.5 percentile is called the “maximum size” of a particle or bead powder.
- the “median sphericity” of a powder divides the particles of this powder into first and second populations equal in mass, these first and second populations comprising only particles having a sphericity greater than or equal to, or less than, respectively, the median sphericity.
- a total content of several carbides does not imply that each of said carbides is present, even if, in one embodiment, each of said carbides is present.
- powder density of a powder is meant the ratio between the mass of powder and the cumulative volume of the particles of the powder, therefore including the closed porosity located inside these particles.
- a "precursor" of an element is a constituent which is transformed into said element during the manufacture of a ball according to the invention.
- the "average size" of the grains of a sintered ball is the dimension measured according to a "Mean Linear Intercept" method.
- a measurement method of this type is described in standard ASTM E1382. The measurement can be carried out on a section of the ball, as described in the examples.
- the properties of the beads and powders according to the invention can be measured according to the methods described for the examples below.
- the mass contents of the phases are measured on the basis of the total mass of the crystallized phases.
- a starting charge suitable for the shaping process of step b) is preferably prepared at ambient temperature, as is well known to those skilled in the art.
- the charge is adapted so that the bead powder obtained at the end of step c) is in accordance with the invention.
- it comprises a particulate mixture of inorganic powders, preferably consisting of a WC powder and optionally, one or more powders of carbon, titanium carbide, tantalum carbide, carbide of boron, vanadium carbide, molybdenum carbide, chromium carbide, niobium carbide and tungsten oxide.
- These powders can also be replaced, at least partially, by precursor powders, introduced in equivalent amounts.
- the impurities consist of elements which are not voluntarily introduced into the starting charge.
- the powders are preferably chosen so that the total content of impurities, excluding oxygen, is less than 0.5%, preferably less than 0.3%, preferably less than 0.1%, as a percentage by mass based on the particulate mixture of the starting charge.
- the powders are preferably chosen so that their median size is less than 2 ⁇ m, preferably less than 1 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the powders can be ground or co-ground prior to step a) for this purpose, for example by impact milling and / or rubbing.
- the starting charge comprises one or more powders from a powder of titanium carbide, a powder of tantalum carbide, a powder of boron carbide, a powder of vanadium carbide, a powder of molybdenum carbide, a powder chromium carbide, niobium carbide powder, and the powders of precursors of these compounds.
- the ratio of the median size of each of said powders, preferably of all of said powders, to the median size of the tungsten carbide powder is less than 5, preferably less than 4, preferably less than 3 , preferably less than 2, preferably less than 1, preferably less than 0.9, preferably less than 0.8, preferably less than 0.7, preferably less than 0.6, preferably less than 0 , 5.
- WC is the only tungsten carbide introduced into the feedstock.
- the starting charge has a mass ratio of the W content to the Ti + Ta + B + Cr + Nb + Mo + V content greater than 35.6, preferably greater than 44.5, preferably greater to 59, and less than 9700, preferably less than 1940, preferably less than 970, preferably less than 485.
- the feedstock has a mass ratio of the W content to the B content greater than 8900, and a mass ratio of the W content to the Ti + Ta + Cr + Nb + Mo content + V greater than 35.6, preferably greater than 44.5, preferably greater than 59, and less than 485, preferably less than 323, preferably less than 243, preferably less than 194.
- the feedstock has a mass ratio of the amount of WC powder to the amount of titanium carbide powder greater than 30.3 , preferably greater than 38, preferably greater than 51, and less than 413, preferably less than 275, preferably less than 207, preferably less than 165.
- the feedstock has a mass ratio of the W content to the Ti + Ta + Cr + Nb + Mo + V content greater than 890, and a mass ratio of the W content to the content in B greater than 28, preferably greater than 35, preferably greater than 47, preferably greater than 70, preferably greater than 141, and less than 7663, preferably less than 1533, preferably less than 766, preferably less to 383.
- the feedstock has a mass ratio of the amount of WC powder to the amount of B 4 C powder greater than 23, preferably greater than 29, preferably greater than 39, preferably greater than 59, preferably greater than 1 17, and less than 6389, preferably less than 1278, preferably less than 639, preferably less than 319.
- the WC content in the sintered ball can be adjusted using the carbon content in the feedstock.
- the carbon content in the starting charge can be increased, for example by adding a carbon source, in particular a carbon black powder, an organic compound in the form of 'A powder or a liquid, preferably containing little or no oxygen, in particular paraffin.
- a metallic tungsten powder and / or a tungsten carbide powder having an oxygen content can be added to the starting charge. higher and / or tungsten oxide powder.
- the starting charge may comprise, in addition to the particulate mixture, a solvent, preferably water, the amount of which is adapted to the shaping method of the step b).
- the starting charge can also comprise a dispersant, a plasticizer, a surface tension modifier, a gelling agent and / or an anti-foaming agent. These additives well known to those skilled in the art are suitable for the shaping method used in step b).
- step b any conventional shaping process known for the manufacture of sintered balls can be implemented.
- any conventional shaping process known for the manufacture of sintered balls can be implemented. Among these processes, we can cite:
- the granulation processes for example using granulators, fluidized bed granulators, or granulation discs,
- steps a) and b) are at least partially combined, in particular when a solvent is added progressively during shaping.
- step b) does not include pressing.
- the raw beads are sintered in an inert atmosphere, such as for example in argon or nitrogen, or reducing, such as in an atmosphere of hydrogen and / or carbon monoxide, or under vacuum.
- an inert atmosphere such as for example in argon or nitrogen, or reducing, such as in an atmosphere of hydrogen and / or carbon monoxide, or under vacuum.
- the sintering is carried out in an electric oven, preferably at atmospheric pressure.
- the duration and the sintering temperature make it possible to adjust the apparent density of the beads obtained. It is also well known that the application of pressure during sintering makes it possible to increase the apparent density of the beads obtained. As the examples below show, however, a small median size makes it possible to obtain an apparent density according to the invention by shaping and sintering at ambient pressure.
- the sintering time is greater than 0.5 hour and / or less than 5 hours.
- the sintering time is between 1 and 2 hours.
- step c) The sintering in step c) is carried out at a temperature above 1700 ° C, preferably above 1800 ° C, preferably above 1900 ° C and preferably below 2300 ° C.
- the powder of sintered beads obtained can undergo an optional step of particle size sorting, for example by sieving and / or by air separation, configured for obtain a particle size distribution suitable for the intended use.
- the powder of sintered beads can also undergo morphological sorting, in particular using a spiral separator.
- a sintered ball according to the invention and preferably a powder according to the invention, can have one or more of the following optional characteristics of chemical composition:
- the content of tungsten W is more than 89.5%, preferably more than 90%, preferably more than 90.8%, preferably more than 91% and / or less than 96%, preferably less than 95%, preferably less than 94.5%, preferably less than 94.1%;
- the carbon C content is greater than 5.5%, preferably greater than 5.8%, preferably greater than 5.9% and / or less than 7.5%, preferably less than 7%, preferably less 6.5%;
- the content of cobalt Co is less than 0.4%, preferably less than 0.3%, preferably less than 0.2%, preferably less than 0.1%, preferably less than 0.05%;
- the nickel Ni content is less than 0.4%, preferably less than 0.3%, preferably less than 0.2%, preferably less than 0.1%, preferably less than 0.05%;
- the content of elements other than W, C, Co, Ni is less than 2.5%, preferably less than 2%, preferably less than 1.5%;
- the content of zirconium Zr is less than 0.17%, preferably less than 0.16%, preferably less than 0.15%, preferably less than 0.1%, preferably less than 0.08%, preferably less than 0.05%.
- the apparent density of the sintered ball is increased;
- the content of iron Fe is less than 0.5%, preferably less than 0.4%, preferably less than 0.3%, preferably less than 0.2%, preferably less than 0.1%;
- the mass content of Ti + Ta + B + Cr + Nb + Mo + V is greater than 0.01%, preferably greater than 0.05%, preferably greater than 0.1%, preferably greater than 0.2%, and less than 2.5%, preferably less than 2%, preferably less than 1.5%;
- the mass content of B is less than 0.01%, preferably substantially zero and the mass content of Ti + Ta + Cr + Nb + Mo + V is greater than 0.2%, preferably greater 0.3%, preferably greater than 0.4%, preferably greater than 0.5% and less than 2.5%, preferably less than 2%, preferably less than 1.5%;
- the Ti content by mass is greater than 0.2%, preferably greater than 0.3%, of preferably greater than 0.4%, preferably greater than 0.5% and less than 2.5%, preferably less than 2%, preferably less than 1.5%;
- the mass content of Ta is a content greater than 0.2%, preferably greater than 0.3% , preferably greater than 0.4%, preferably greater than 0.5% and less than 2.5%, preferably less than 2%, preferably less than 1.5%;
- the Ti content by mass is greater than 0.1%, preferably greater than 0 , 2%, preferably greater than 0.3%, preferably greater than 0.4% and less than 1.5%, preferably less than 1%, preferably less than 0.8%, and Ta is present in the other elements, in a content greater than 0.2%, preferably greater than 0.3%, preferably greater than 0.4%, preferably greater than 0.5% and less than 2%, preferably less than 1.5%, preferably less than 1.2%, the total Ti + Ta content preferably being less than 2.5%;
- B is present in the other elements, in a content greater than 0.01%, preferably greater at 0.05%, preferably greater than 0.1%, preferably greater than 0.2% and less than 2.5%, preferably less than 2%, preferably less than 1.5%, preferably less at 1%, preferably less than 0.5%.
- the sintered ball has the following chemical composition, in percentages by mass based on the mass of the ball:
- the sintered ball has the following chemical composition, in percentages by mass based on the mass of the ball:
- the content of tungsten carbide (s) is greater than 85% by mass percentage based on the crystallized phases.
- the sintered ball has the following chemical composition, in percentages by mass based on the mass of the ball:
- the content of tungsten carbide (s) is greater than 95% by mass percentage based on the crystallized phases.
- the content of cobalt Co and / or nickel Ni and / or of elements other than W, C, Co, Ni, Ti, Ta, B, Cr, Nb, Mo, and V, and / or Zr zirconium and / or Fe iron is greater than 0.01%, or even greater than 0.05%.
- a ball according to the invention has a sphericity greater than 0.80, preferably greater than 0.85, preferably greater than 0.90, preferably greater than 0.92, preferably greater than 0.94, preferably greater than 0.95.
- a ball according to the invention preferably a powder according to the invention, has a content of tungsten carbide (s) preferably greater than 60%, preferably greater than 65%, preferably greater than 70%, preferably greater at 75%, preferably greater than 80%, preferably greater than 85%, preferably greater than 87%, preferably greater than 90%, preferably greater than 92%, preferably greater than 94%, preferably greater than 95%, preferably greater than 97%, preferably greater than 98%, as a percentage by mass based on the mass of the crystallized phases.
- tungsten carbide preferably greater than 60%, preferably greater than 65%, preferably greater than 70%, preferably greater at 75%, preferably greater than 80%, preferably greater than 85%, preferably greater than 87%, preferably greater than 90%, preferably greater than 92%, preferably greater than 94%, preferably greater than 95%, preferably greater than 97%, preferably greater than 98%, as a percentage by mass based on the mass of the crystallized phases.
- a powder of B 4 C is present in the starting charge in an amount greater than 0.01%, preferably greater than 0.1% in percentage by mass based on the mass of the starting charge, and when said starting charge contains a total content of titanium carbide powder, tantalum carbide powder, chromium carbide powder, niobium carbide powder, in powder of molybdenum carbide and in powder of vanadium carbide of less than 0.1%, in percentage by mass based on the mass of the starting charge, a ball according to the invention, preferably a powder according to the invention, has a content of tungsten carbide (s) preferably greater than 60%, preferably greater than 65%, in percentage by mass based on the mass of the crystallized phases of the ball, preferably of the powder respectively, the complement to the tungsten carbide (s) being composed for more than 70%, preferably for more than 90% of its mass, of tungsten boride.
- a ball according to the invention preferably a powder according to the invention, has a content of tungsten carbide (s) preferably greater than 80%, preferably greater than 85%, preferably greater than 87%, preferably greater than 90%, preferably greater than 92%, preferably greater than 94%, preferably greater than 95%, of preferably greater than 97%, preferably greater 98%, in percentage by mass based on the mass of crystallized phases of the ball, preferably of the powder, respectively.
- the phases WC and W 2 C together represent, preferably more than 55%, preferably more than 60%, preferably more than 65%, preferably more than 70%, preferably more than 75%, preferably more than 80 %, preferably more than 85%, preferably more than 90%, preferably more than 95% of the mass of all of the crystallized phases of a bead according to the invention, preferably of a powder according to the invention.
- the WC phase preferably represents more than 50%, preferably more than 55%, preferably more than 60%, preferably more than 65%, preferably more than 70%, preferably more than 75%, preferably more than 80%, preferably more than 85%, preferably more than 90%, preferably more than 95% of the mass of all of the crystallized phases of a bead according to the invention, preferably of a powder according to l 'invention.
- the ratio of the mass contents of the WC and W 2 C phases on the basis of all the crystallized phases of a bead according to the invention, preferably of a powder according to the invention, WC / W 2 C, is preferably greater than 2, preferably greater than 3, preferably greater than 4.
- the WC / W 2 C ratio is preferably less than 40, preferably less than 35, even less than 30, even less than 25, even less than 20, even less than 15.
- a bead according to the invention has an average grain size greater than or equal to 0.1 pm, preferably greater than or equal to 0.2 pm, greater than or equal to 0.5 pm and / or less than or equal to 30 pm, preferably less than or equal to 20 pm, preferably less than or equal to 17 pm, preferably less than or equal to 15 pm, preferably less than or equal to 12 pm.
- the ball has an average grain size greater than or equal to 0.1 ⁇ m, preferably greater than or equal to 0.2 ⁇ m, greater than or equal to 0.5 ⁇ m and less than or equal to 4 ⁇ m, preferably less than or equal to 3 pm, preferably less than or equal to 2 pm, preferably less than or equal to 1.5 pm.
- the bead has an average grain size greater than 4 ⁇ m, preferably greater than or equal to 5 ⁇ m and less than or equal to 30 ⁇ m, preferably less than or equal to 20 ⁇ m, preferably less than or equal to 17 pm, preferably less than or equal to 15 pm, preferably less than or equal to 12 pm.
- a ball according to the invention has a surface density of pores, measured on pictures taken in Scanning Electron Microscopy, of less than 6%, preferably less than 4%, preferably less than 2%, preferably less than 1%, preferably less than 0.5%.
- a ball according to the invention preferably a powder according to the invention, preferably has an apparent density greater than or equal to 14.3 g / cm 3 , preferably greater than or equal to 14.6 g / cm 3 , of preferably greater than or equal to 15 g / cm 3 .
- a ball according to the invention preferably has a maximum Ferret diameter less than 2 mm, preferably less than 1.5 mm, preferably less than 1 mm, preferably less than 800 ⁇ m.
- the invention also relates to a powder comprising, in percentage by mass, more than 90%, preferably more than 93%, preferably more than 95%, preferably more than 97%, preferably more than 99%, preferably substantially 100 % of beads.
- the median sphericity of the bead powder is preferably greater than 0.80, preferably greater than 0.85, preferably greater than 0.90, preferably greater than 0.92, preferably greater than 0.94, of preferably greater than 0.95, preferably greater than 0.97, preferably greater than 0.98.
- the energy required for grinding is reduced.
- the bead powder preferably has a maximum size of less than 2 mm, preferably less than 1.5 mm, preferably less than 1 mm, preferably less than 800 ⁇ m.
- the bead powder preferably has a median size D 5 o of less than 1.8 mm, preferably of less than 1.5 mm, preferably of less than 1 mm, preferably of less than 600 ⁇ m, and / or preferably of greater than 10 pm, preferably greater than 20 pm, preferably greater than 30 pm.
- Such median sizes are particularly well suited to wet dispersion applications.
- the bead powder has a ratio (Dgo + D 10 ) / D 5 o preferably less than 0.5, preferably less than 0.4, preferably less than 0.3, preferably less than 0.2, of preferably less than 0.1.
- the separation of the balls and the suspension to be ground is facilitated.
- the sintered beads to be analyzed are first calcined in air at 650 ° C for 4 hours. Then 700 mg of said calcined beads are mixed with 3 g of sodium carbonate, and the whole is brought to 950 ° C. for a time of maintenance at this temperature equal to 15 minutes. After cooling, the mixture obtained is added to 200 cm 3 of demineralized water and to 10 cm 3 of a hydrochloric acid solution at 30 vol%, then the whole is brought to 200 ° C. with stirring so as to dissolve the mixed. The solution obtained is then filtered and then made up to 500 ml using demineralized water so as to obtain the solution to be determined by ICP;
- the quantification of the crystallized phases present in the sintered beads according to the invention is carried out directly on the beads, said beads being bonded to a self-adhesive carbon pad, so that the surface of said pad is covered as much as possible with beads.
- the crystallized phases present in the sintered beads according to the invention are measured by X-ray diffraction, for example by means of an apparatus of the X’Pert PRO diffractometer type from the company Panalytical provided with a DX copper tube.
- the diffraction diagram is acquired from this equipment, over a 2Q angular range between 5 ° and 80 °, with a step of 0.017 °, and a counting time of 150s / step.
- the front optic has a programmable programmable 1/4 ° divergence slot, Soller slots of 0.04 rad, a mask equal to 10mm and a fixed anti-diffusion slot of 1/2 °.
- the sample is rotating on itself in order to limit the preferential orientations.
- the rear optic has a programmable anti-diffusion slot used fixed at 1/4 °, a Soller slot of 0.04 rad and a Ni filter.
- the diffraction patterns were then analyzed qualitatively using the EVA software and the ICDD2016 database.
- the apparent density of the beads was determined on a bead powder using a helium pycnometer (AccuPyc 1330 from the company Micromeritics®), according to the conventional method based on the measurement of the volume of helium displaced.
- the particle size analyzes were carried out using a Camsizer® XT marketed by the company Horiba.
- the average grain size of the sintered beads was measured by the "Mean Linear Intercept” method.
- a method of this type is described in standard ASTM E1382. According to this standard, lines of analysis are drawn on images of the balls, then, along each line of analysis, the lengths, called “intercepts”, are measured between two consecutive grain boundaries intersecting said line of analysis .
- the pore surface density of the sintered beads was measured by the following method. Images of polished surfaces of sections of the sintered balls are produced using a scanning electron microscope, so that each image contains between 20 and 50 grains. The number of images produced is such that the entire surface covered represents approximately 100 grains.
- the area covered by the grains, S G I, and the area covered by the pores SP, is calculated for each of the images i.
- the total area covered by the grains S G T is equal to the sum of the area covered by the grains, S G I, on each of the images i.
- the total area covered by the SPT pores is equal to the sum of the surface covered by the SP Î pores on each image i.
- the surface density of pores expressed as a percentage, is equal to SPT / (SGT + SPT).
- the sintered balls of Example 1 are "Tungsten Carbide” sp. gr. 15 “WCs”, distributed by the company GlenMills®, having a median size equal to 500 ⁇ m.
- the sintered balls of Example 2 were prepared from a tungsten carbide powder containing more than 99% of tungsten carbide WC and having a median size, measured by means of a laser granulometer, equal to 0.4 pm.
- a starting charge consisting of 300 g of tungsten carbide powder is introduced into a granulating plate having a diameter equal to 40 cm and rotating at 30 rpm. During the rotation, 20 g of a solution of demineralized water and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) at 1% by mass is sprayed gradually, until the formation of germs.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- the raw beads obtained are then discharged, dried in air for 24 hours at 110 ° C. before being sintered at 2200 ° C. for a plateau time of 2 hours, under argon, with a rate of temperature rise and a rate of fall at a temperature equal to 300 ° C / h. After sintering, the sintered beads are sieved and the 400-600 ⁇ m particle size section is kept.
- the sintered beads of Examples 3 to 6 were prepared from:
- tungsten carbide powder comprising more than 99% of tungsten carbide WC and having a median size, measured by means of a laser granulometer, equal to 0.4 ⁇ m for Examples 3 to 5,
- tungsten carbide powder comprising more than 99% of tungsten carbide WC and having a median size, measured by means of a laser granulometer, equal to 1.5 ⁇ m for example 6,
- a TiC powder having an element O content equal to 0.7%, a total carbon content equal to 19.4% and a content of elements other than O, Ti and C less than 0.3%, and having a median size, measured by means of a laser granulometer, equal to 2.5 ⁇ m for examples 4,
- a powder of B 4 C having an element O content equal to 2.3%, a total carbon content equal to 21.8%, and a content of elements other than O, B and C less than 0, 4%, and having a median size, measured by means of a laser granulometer, equal to 2.8 ⁇ m for examples 5 and 6.
- WC powder For example 3, 200 g of WC powder are placed in a jar of high density polyethylene with a volume equal to 0.5 l having a diameter equal to 10 cm. The jar is rotated on a jar turner at a speed equal to 60 rpm for 48 hours. The granules formed are recovered and sintered at 2250 ° C for a plateau time of 2 hours, under argon, with a rate of temperature rise and a rate of temperature drop equal to 300 ° C / h. After sintering, the sintered beads are sieved and the 100-600 ⁇ m particle size section is kept.
- 198 g of the WC powder, 2 g of the TiC powder and 60 g of demineralized water are mixed in a paddle mixer for 1 hour so as to obtain a suspension.
- the suspension is then transferred to a high-density polyethylene pot, and the said pot is immersed in a bath of liquid nitrogen in order to freeze the suspension.
- the recovered powder is then disaggregated with agate mortar.
- 200 g of the said powder are placed in a 0.5 I high-density polyethylene jar with a diameter of 10 cm.
- the jar is rotated on a jar turner at a speed equal to 60 rpm for 48 hours.
- the granules formed are recovered and sintered at 2250 ° C for a plateau time of 2 hours, under argon, with a rate of temperature rise and a rate of temperature drop equal to 300 ° C / h. After sintering, the sintered beads are sieved and the size range 100 ⁇ m - 600 ⁇ m is kept.
- the beads of Examples 5 and 6 are produced according to a process identical to that used to obtain the beads of Example 4, the mixture of 198 g of WC powder and 2 g of TiC powder being replaced by a mixture of 199 g of WC powder and 1 g of B 4 C powder, the balls according to Example 6 being sintered at a temperature equal to 2100 ° C.
- the microstructure of the beads of Example 3 shows the presence of large, elongated grains.
- molten tungsten carbide balls obtained by fusion
- the sintered balls according to the invention which have a microstructure quite different from that of the molten balls, are therefore preferred.
- Tests have shown good behavior of the balls according to the invention during grinding.
- the use of the balls according to the invention is not limited to the grinding of materials.
- the beads according to the invention can also be used in the industries of paints, inks, dyes, magnetic lacquers, agrochemicals for the dispersion and homogenization of liquid and solid constituents, or as media projected in a surface treatment process.
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1859340A FR3086953B1 (fr) | 2018-10-09 | 2018-10-09 | Billes frittees en carbure(s) de tungstene |
| PCT/EP2019/077410 WO2020074609A1 (fr) | 2018-10-09 | 2019-10-09 | Billes frittees en carbure(s) de tungstene |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3863782A1 true EP3863782A1 (fr) | 2021-08-18 |
Family
ID=65951640
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19782632.4A Pending EP3863782A1 (fr) | 2018-10-09 | 2019-10-09 | Billes frittees en carbure(s) de tungstene |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US20210387920A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3863782A1 (fr) |
| JP (2) | JP7277575B2 (fr) |
| KR (2) | KR20240011870A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN112839755B (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3086953B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2020074609A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA3095046A1 (fr) | 2018-03-29 | 2019-10-03 | Oerlikon Metco (Us) Inc. | Alliages ferreux a teneur reduite en carbures |
| FR3086953B1 (fr) * | 2018-10-09 | 2023-01-06 | Saint Gobain Ct Recherches | Billes frittees en carbure(s) de tungstene |
| JP7641218B2 (ja) | 2018-10-26 | 2025-03-06 | エリコン メテコ(ユーエス)インコーポレイテッド | 耐食性かつ耐摩耗性のニッケル系合金 |
| CN113631750A (zh) | 2019-03-28 | 2021-11-09 | 欧瑞康美科(美国)公司 | 用于涂布发动机气缸孔的热喷涂铁基合金 |
| EP3962693A1 (fr) | 2019-05-03 | 2022-03-09 | Oerlikon Metco (US) Inc. | Charge d'alimentation pulvérulente destinée au soudage en vrac résistant à l'usure, conçue pour optimiser la facilité de production |
| EP3997252B1 (fr) | 2019-07-09 | 2025-10-29 | Oerlikon Metco (US) Inc. | Alliages à base de fer conçus pour la résistance à l'usure et à la corrosion |
| TWI873593B (zh) * | 2022-06-09 | 2025-02-21 | 瑞典商瑞典合銳材料科技有限公司 | 用於中子屏蔽應用之低黏合劑高密度燒結碳化物 |
| FR3161679A1 (fr) | 2024-04-30 | 2025-10-31 | Saint-Gobain Centre De Recherches Et D'etudes Europeen | Utilisation d’une poudre de billes frittees en carbure(s) metallique(s) |
| FR3161680A1 (fr) | 2024-04-30 | 2025-10-31 | Saint-Gobain Centre De Recherches Et D'etudes Europeen | Poudre de billes frittees en carbure(s) metallique(s) |
Family Cites Families (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2113171A (en) * | 1936-04-08 | 1938-04-05 | Cooper Products Inc | Carbide material |
| US4828584A (en) * | 1986-01-09 | 1989-05-09 | Ceramatec, Inc. | Dense, fine-grained tungsten carbide ceramics and a method for making the same |
| JPH04293557A (ja) * | 1991-03-20 | 1992-10-19 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | 原料を粉砕および攪拌混合するためのボール |
| WO1992018656A1 (fr) * | 1991-04-10 | 1992-10-29 | Sandvik Ab | Procede de fabrication d'articles en carbure cemente |
| JPH0838925A (ja) * | 1994-07-27 | 1996-02-13 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Wc基超硬合金製造用原料粉末の混合粉砕用ボール及びwc基超硬合金製造用原料粉末の混合粉砕方法 |
| DE10130860C2 (de) * | 2001-06-28 | 2003-05-08 | Woka Schweistechnik Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von sphäroidischen Sinterpartikeln und Sinterpartikel |
| CN1497053A (zh) * | 2002-10-24 | 2004-05-19 | 东芝图格莱株式会社 | 硬质合金和用作原材料的基于w的复合碳化物粉末 |
| AU2004247623B2 (en) | 2003-03-11 | 2008-10-09 | Primet Precision Materials, Inc. | Multi-carbide material manufacture and use |
| JP4227835B2 (ja) | 2003-05-19 | 2009-02-18 | 秋田県 | W−Ti−C系複合体及びその製造方法 |
| JP4272096B2 (ja) | 2004-03-30 | 2009-06-03 | 株式会社アライドマテリアル | 粉砕混合用ボール及びその製造方法 |
| CN101104902A (zh) * | 2007-08-17 | 2008-01-16 | 株洲钻石切削刀具股份有限公司 | 添加硼元素的硬质合金及其制备方法 |
| JP5748820B2 (ja) * | 2009-09-07 | 2015-07-15 | 株式会社フジミインコーポレーテッド | 溶射用粉末、溶射方法、溶射皮膜の製造方法、及び溶射皮膜 |
| JP5811954B2 (ja) | 2012-05-29 | 2015-11-11 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 超硬合金からなる切削工具用基材およびこれを用いた表面被覆切削工具 |
| WO2015014930A1 (fr) * | 2013-07-31 | 2015-02-05 | Sigmund Lindner GmbH | Sphères frittées |
| CN103602870B (zh) | 2013-10-30 | 2015-08-26 | 株洲钻石切削刀具股份有限公司 | 具有近球形wc晶粒的硬质合金及其制备方法 |
| KR102297842B1 (ko) * | 2014-04-24 | 2021-09-02 | 산드빅 인터렉츄얼 프로퍼티 에이비 | 서멧 또는 초경합금 분말을 제조하는 방법 |
| CN103924145B (zh) | 2014-04-30 | 2016-03-02 | 西安奥奈特固体润滑工程学研究有限公司 | 一种无粘结相碳化钨硬质合金及其制备方法 |
| US11434549B2 (en) * | 2016-11-10 | 2022-09-06 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Cemented carbide containing tungsten carbide and finegrained iron alloy binder |
| US11065863B2 (en) * | 2017-02-20 | 2021-07-20 | Kennametal Inc. | Cemented carbide powders for additive manufacturing |
| FR3086953B1 (fr) | 2018-10-09 | 2023-01-06 | Saint Gobain Ct Recherches | Billes frittees en carbure(s) de tungstene |
-
2018
- 2018-10-09 FR FR1859340A patent/FR3086953B1/fr active Active
-
2019
- 2019-10-09 KR KR1020247001064A patent/KR20240011870A/ko active Pending
- 2019-10-09 KR KR1020217013206A patent/KR20210068539A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2019-10-09 WO PCT/EP2019/077410 patent/WO2020074609A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2019-10-09 US US17/283,527 patent/US20210387920A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2019-10-09 CN CN201980067114.9A patent/CN112839755B/zh active Active
- 2019-10-09 JP JP2021519616A patent/JP7277575B2/ja active Active
- 2019-10-09 EP EP19782632.4A patent/EP3863782A1/fr active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-05-08 JP JP2023076900A patent/JP7599517B2/ja active Active
-
2024
- 2024-04-16 US US18/637,149 patent/US20240262754A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20210387920A1 (en) | 2021-12-16 |
| JP2023100873A (ja) | 2023-07-19 |
| JP2022515699A (ja) | 2022-02-22 |
| CN112839755A (zh) | 2021-05-25 |
| CN112839755B (zh) | 2023-07-18 |
| US20240262754A1 (en) | 2024-08-08 |
| JP7599517B2 (ja) | 2024-12-13 |
| FR3086953B1 (fr) | 2023-01-06 |
| FR3086953A1 (fr) | 2020-04-10 |
| KR20240011870A (ko) | 2024-01-26 |
| WO2020074609A1 (fr) | 2020-04-16 |
| JP7277575B2 (ja) | 2023-05-19 |
| KR20210068539A (ko) | 2021-06-09 |
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