Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
  • B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
  • B01J31/04—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing carboxylic acids or their salts
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
  • B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
  • B01J31/24—Phosphines, i.e. phosphorus bonded to only carbon atoms, or to both carbon and hydrogen atoms, including e.g. sp2-hybridised phosphorus compounds such as phosphabenzene, phosphole or anionic phospholide ligands
  • B01J31/2404—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring
  • B01J31/2442—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring comprising condensed ring systems
  • B01J31/2447—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring comprising condensed ring systems and phosphine-P atoms as substituents on a ring of the condensed system or on a further attached ring
  • B01J31/2452—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring comprising condensed ring systems and phosphine-P atoms as substituents on a ring of the condensed system or on a further attached ring with more than one complexing phosphine-P atom
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D213/54—Radicals substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
  • C07D213/56—Amides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D213/62—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
  • C07D213/70—Sulfur atoms
  • C07D213/71—Sulfur atoms to which a second hetero atom is attached
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
  • B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
  • B01J2531/82—Metals of the platinum group
  • B01J2531/824—Palladium
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
  • C07B2200/07—Optical isomers
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
  • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

• the present invention provides a process for preparing a novel phenicol of 5 Formula (1 ), and diastereomers thereof
• Florfenicol also referred to as 3-fluorothiamphenicol, is a veterinary broad- spectrum chloramphenicol antibiotic having biological activities against a variety of Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria. Compared with thiamphenicol, florfenicol has higher antibacterial activity, broader antibacterial spectrum, better absorption and less adverse reactions, and the antibacterial is activity of florfenicol is up to 10 times that of thiamphenicol. Florfenicol can be used in the treatment of bovine, porcine, avian and other animals with bacterial and mycotic diseases, as well as in the preparation of aquaculture drugs.
• WO2014172443A1 disclosed a new phenicol antibiotic of Formula (1 ) having the structure below:
• This application provides a new chemical synthetic route for the preparation of about a 1 :1 diastereomeric mixture of Formula (1 ) by coupling the key intermediates (racemic Formula (A) and enantiomerically pure Formula (B)), which has fewer chemical steps and higher yields than previously described processes.
• This application also provides a new chemical synthesis route for the preparation of Formula (A) which also has fewer chemical steps and higher yields.
• the 1 :1 diastereomeric mixture of Formula (1 ) is the preferred combination (Formula’s 1 a:1 b) for production manufacturing, regulatory control, and consistent drug formulation for antibacterial clinical efficacy.
• the Formula (1 ) compound is a diastereomeric mixture of
• the diastereomers of Formula (1 a) and Formula (1 b) are prepared in a diastereomeric mixture in a ratio of about 48:52 (1 a:1 b) to 52:48 (1 a:1 b); and preferably from about 49:51 (1 a:1 b) to 51 :49 (1 a:1 b).
• the following procedural steps provide the synthetic steps for preparing the diastereomeric mixture of Formula (1 ).
• the base in Step (a) and (c) is selected from the group consisting of KOAc, CsOAc, TEA, K2CO 3 , Na2CC> 3 ,
• the base in Step (a) and (c) is selected from the group consisting of KOAc, TEA, K 2 CO 3 , Na 2 C0 3 , and mixtures thereof.
• the alcohol in Steps (a), (b), and (c) is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, 1 -propanol, 2-propanol and 2-butanol.
• the alcohol in Steps (a) and (b) is anhydrous and the alcohol in Step (c) is aqueous.
• the alcohol in Steps (a), (b), and (c) is ethanol.
• the co-solvent is selected from the group consisting of iPrOAc, EtOAc, DMF, DME, THF, MeTHF, acetonitrile, and mixtures thereof.
• the solutions added to the reaction in Steps (a-c) are purged with nitrogen (N 2 ) or argon (Ar) and the reactions in Steps (a-d) occur under an inert atmosphere of N 2 or argon (Ar).
• Step (c) mixing the reactants of Step (c) to the reactants of Step (b) to give the compound of Formula (1 ), and diastereomers thereof; and wherein the solutions added to the reaction in Steps (a-c) are purged with N 2 or Ar and the reactions in Steps (a-d) occur under an inert atmosphere of N 2 or Ar.
• Step (d) purifying the crude Formula (1 ) compound obtained in Step (d) by concentrating the reaction product of Step (d) and extracting the Formula (1 ) compound into an extracting solvent;
• Step (e) adding an aqueous wash to the extracting solvent of Step (e) while stirring; and separating the organic layer;
• step (f) adding a palladium scavenger to the organic layer of step (f) or recycling the organic layer of step (f) with a cartridge containing a palladium
• Step (g) dissolving the resulting concentrate of Step (g) in an organic solvent(s) with heat; cooling, and seeding the mixture with the Formula (1 ) compound; i) cooling the mixture of Step (h) to about 5-25°C, optionally, add an anti solvent; collecting the resultant solids by filtration, rinsing the solids with an anti-solvent, and then drying the solids to prepare a 1 :1 diastereomeric mixture of the Formula (1 ) compound; the solutions added to the reaction in Steps (a-c) are purged with nitrogen (N2) or argon (Ar) and the reactions in Steps (a-d) occur under an inert atmosphere of N2 or argon (Ar).
• N2 nitrogen
• Ar argon
• Step (d) purifying the crude Formula (1 ) compound from Step (d) by concentrating the reaction product of Step (d) and extracting the Formula (1 ) compound into an extracting solvent selected from the group consisting of THF, EtOAc, MeOAc, methylene chloride and MeTHF;
• an aqueous wash selected from the group consisting of water or brine, each containing a palldium chelator selected from the group consisting of EDA, TMT-Nas, NH 4 OH, TMT, NaHSOs, thiourea, DEA, EDTA, Ac-L- cysteine, citric acid, and mixtures thereof, while stirring and separating the organic layer;
• a palldium chelator selected from the group consisting of EDA, TMT-Nas, NH 4 OH, TMT, NaHSOs, thiourea, DEA, EDTA, Ac-L- cysteine, citric acid, and mixtures thereof
• Step (f) adding a palladium scavenger to the organic layer from Step (f) selected from the group consisting of Carbon with EDA, silica gel with EDA, Si-Thiol, MP-TU, MP-TMT, Si-TMT, Si-DMT, and Si-cysteine and mixtures thereof; or recycling the organic layer of Step (f) through a cartridge of Carbon with EDA, silica gel with EDA, Si-Thiol, MP-TU, MP-TMT, Si-TMT, Si-DMT, and Si- cysteine while stirring, filtering out the solids, rinsing the solids with an extracting solvent(s); and concentrating the filtrate;
• a palladium scavenger selected from the group consisting of Carbon with EDA, silica gel with EDA, Si-Thiol, MP-TU, MP-TMT, Si-TMT, Si-DMT, and Si-cysteine and mixtures thereof; or recycling the organic layer of Step (f
• Step (g) dissolving the resultant concentrate of Step (g) in an organic solvent(s) with heat, selected from the group consisting of MEK, iPrOAc, EtOAc, acetone, 1 -butanol, 1 -propanol, 2-propanol, and mixtures thereof, with heat >55°C, cooling to about 50-55°C and seeding the mixture with the Formula (1 ) compound;
• heat selected from the group consisting of MEK, iPrOAc, EtOAc, acetone, 1 -butanol, 1 -propanol, 2-propanol, and mixtures thereof, with heat >55°C, cooling to about 50-55°C and seeding the mixture with the Formula (1 ) compound;
• step (h) cooling the mixture of step (h) to about 5-25°C, optionally adding an anti solvent selected from the group consisting of water, MTBE, hexane, heptane, and mixtures thereof; collecting the resultant solids by filtration, rinsing the solids with the anti-solvent, and then drying the solids to prepare a 1 :1 diastereomeric mixture of the Formula (1 ) compound; wherein the solutions added to the reaction in Steps (a-c) are purged with nitrogen (N2) or argon (Ar) and the reactions in Steps (a-d) occur under an inert atmosphere of N 2 or argon (Ar).
• N2 nitrogen
• Ar argon
• the base in Step (a) and (c) is selected from the group consisting of KOAc, CsOAc, TEA, K2CO 3 , Na2CC> 3 , CS2CO 3 , DIPEA, and K 3 PC , and mixtures thereof.
• the base in Step (a) and (c) is selected from the group consisting of KOAc, TEA, K2CO 3 , Na 2 C0 3 , and mixtures thereof.
• the base in Step (a) and (c) is selected from the group consisting of KOAc, TEA, and K2CO 3 , and mixtures thereof.
• the alcohol in Steps (a), (b), and (c) is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, 1 -propanol, 2-propanol and 2-butanol.
• the alcohol in Steps (a) and (b) is anhydrous and the alcohol in Step (c) is aqueous.
• the alcohol in Steps (a), (b), and (c) is ethanol.
• the co-solvent is selected from the group consisting of iPrOAc, EtOAc, DMF, DME, THF, MeTHF, acetonitrile, and mixtures thereof.
• the co-solvent is selected from the group consisting of THF, MeTHF, acetonitrile, and mixtures thereof. In another aspect, the co-solvent is selected from the group consisting of THF, MeTHF, and mixtures thereof. In another aspect, the co-solvent is THF. In one aspect, the solutions added to the reaction in Steps (a-c) are purged with nitrogen (N2) or argon (Ar) and the reactions in Steps (a-d) occur under an inert atmosphere of N 2 or argon (Ar).
• the aqueous wash in Step (f) is a solution selected from the group consisting of water or brine, each containing a palladium chelator selected from the group consisting of EDA, TMT-Na 3 , NH 4 OH, TMT, NaHSC> 3 , thiourea, DEA, EDTA, Ac-L-cysteine, citric acid and mixtures thereof.
• the aqueous wash in Step (f) is a brine solution containing a palladium chelator selected from EDA, NH 4 OH, and mixtures thereof.
• the organics in Step (f) are washed 1 x, 2x, 3x, or 4x with the aqueous wash.
• the organics in Step (f) are washed 2x with the aqueous solution. In another aspect, the organics in Step (f) are washed 3x with the aqueous solution. In another aspect, the organics in Step (f) are washed 4x with the aqueous solution.
• Formula (1 ) compound comprising the steps of: a) pre-activating the Formula (B) compound with the palladium catalyst, Pd(OAc)2 in the presence anhydrous ethanol, a ligand that is XPhos, and a borylation buffer comprising an acid that is HOAc and a base that is KOAc; b) borylating the preactivated Formula (B) compound of step (a) by adding a borylating agent that is bisboronic acid and ethylene glycol in anhydrous ethanol;
• aqueous wash consisting of water or brine, each of which contain a palladium chelator selected from the group consisint of EDA, TMT- Na3, NH 4 OH, TMT, NaHSCh, thiourea, DEA, EDTA, Ac-L-cysteine, citric acid and mixtures thereof; and separating the organic layer;
• a palladium scavenger selected from the group consisting of Carbon with EDA, silica gel with EDA, Si-Thiol, MP-TU, MP-TMT, Si-TMT, Si- DMT, and Si-cysteine and mixtures thereof, to the organic layer of step (f) or recycling the organic layer of step (f) through a cartridge of Carbon with EDA, silica gel with EDA, Si-Thiol, MP-TU, MP-TMT, Si-TMT, Si-DMT, and Si- cysteine, stirring and filtering out the solids, rinsing the solids with the extracting solvent(s), and concentrating the filtrate;
• a palladium scavenger selected from the group consisting of Carbon with EDA, silica gel with EDA, Si-Thiol, MP-TU, MP-TMT, Si-TMT, Si- DMT, and Si-cysteine and mixtures thereof
• Step (g) dissolving the resultant concentrate of Step (g) in an organic solvent(s) selected from the group consisting MEK, iPrOAc EtOAc, acetone, 1 -butanol,
• Step (a) mixing the Formula (A) compound with a K2CO3, Na2CC>3, TEA, or mixtures thereof, in aqueous ethanol, or a co-solvent, or mixtures thereof; d) mixing the reactants of Step (c) to the reactants of Step (b) to give the compound of Formula (1 ), and diastereomers thereof; and wherein the solutions in Steps (a-c) are purged with N2 and the reactions in Steps (a-d) occur under an inert atmosphere of N2 or Ar;
• an aqueous wash that is a NaCI brine solution containing a palladium chelator selected from EDA, NH 4 OH, and mixtures thereof, to the THF of Step (e) while stirring, and separating the organic layer;
• Step (g) dissolving the resultant concentrate of Step (g) in 1 -propanol with heat > 55°C, cooling to about 50-55°C and seeding the mixture with the Formula (1 ) compound;
• Step (h) i) cooling the mixture of Step (h) to about 5-25°C, adding optional heptane, collecting the resultant solids by filtration, rinsing the solids with heptane, drying the solids to prepare a 1 :1 diastereomeric mixture of the Formula (1 ) compound; wherein the solutions added to the reaction in Steps (a-c) are purged with nitrogen (N2) or argon (Ar) and the reactions in Steps (a-d) occur under an inert atmosphere of N2 or argon (Ar).
• N2 nitrogen
• Ar argon
• Step (b) mixing the reactants of Step (b) and Step (c); then heating to about 72°C while stirring until the coupling of Formula (A) and (B) are complete, about 4 hours;
• Step (e) cooling the mixture from Step (d) to ambient temperature, neutralizing the mixture to pH 7.0 with concentrated HCI; concentrating the reaction product, adding water and extracting the concentrate into the extracting solvent, THF, and separating the extraction layer;
• step (e) washing the extraction of step (e) with an aqueous wash of NaCI brine with the palladium chelator, EDA, and separating the organic layer;
• step (f) adding a palladium scavenger of Carbon with EDA to the organic layer of step (f) or recycling the organic layer of step (f) through a cartridge of Carbon with EDA while stirring, filtering out the solids, rinsing the solids with the extracting solvent, THF, and concentrating the filtrate;
• Step (g) dissolving the resultant concentrate of Step (g) with heat at about >55°C in 1 -propanol, cooling to about 55°C and seeding with Formula (1 ) compound;
• a veterinary composition comprising the Formula (1 ) compound, or a veterinary acceptable salt thereof, prepared from the process as described herein.
• the veterinary composition further comprises a veterinary acceptable carrier.
• a solution comprising acetonitrile, an alcohol, and optionally, water.
• the alcohol is methanol.
• the ratio of acetonitrile to methanol is about 75:25 to 50:50.
• the solution contains water.
• the amount of acetonitrile, methanol, and water is about 126ml_, 74ml_, and 4.3ml_, respectively.
• the carbonate is potassium carbonate.
• Figure 1 Depicts an illustrative PXRD pattern of crystalline Form A1 ; the diastereomreric mixture of Formula 1 a and 1 b [50.83:49.17; 1 a/1 b ⁇ 1 .03).
• Figure 2. Depicts an illustrative PXRD pattern of crystalline Form A2; the diastereomreric mixture of Formula 1 a and 1 b [47.46:52.54; 1 a/1 b ⁇ 0.903].
• Figure 3. Depicts an illustrative PXRD pattern of crystalline Form A3; the diastereomreric mixture of Formula 1 a and 1 b [56.43:43.57; 1 a/1 b ⁇ 1 .295].
• the following terms and phrases are defined as follows:
• “About” when used in connection with a measurable numerical variable refers to the indicated value of the variable and to all values of the variable that are within the experimental error of the indicated value (e.g., within the 95% confidence interval for the mean) or within 10 percent of the indicated value, whichever is greater.
• Non-exclusive examples of non-human mammals include companion animals and livestock. Preferred animals are non human animals.
• Non-exclusive examples of a companion animal include: dog, cat and horse.
• Preferred companion animals are dog and horse. More preferred is dog.
• Non-exclusive examples of livestock include: sheep, goats, cattle, and swine. Peferred livestock is cattle and swine. Preferred livestock is cattle.
• Preferred livestock is swine.
• the Formula (1 ) seed can be obtained by processes previously described in US Patent, US 9,422,236; or can be prepared by processes described herein in a manner such that the original“seed”
• diastereomers are obtained at the end of the reaction by chromatographic separation and/or the workup followed by crystallization.
• a dose range of about 1 to 50 mg/kg is contemplated to be a therapeutically effective dose.
• a preferred dose is about 10 to 40mg/kg.
• a more preferred dose is about 15 to 35mg/kg.
• the most preferred dose is about 20mg/kg.
• Treatment refers to reversing, alleviating, or inhibiting the bacterial infection. As used herein, these terms also encompass, depending on the condition of the animal preventing the onset of a disorder or condition, or of symptoms associated with a disorder or condition, including reducing the severity of a disorder or condition or symptoms associated therewith prior to affliction with said infection.
• Veterinary acceptable as used herein, unless otherwise indicated, suggests that the substance or composition must be compatible chemically and/or toxicologically with the other ingredients comprising the composition and/or the animal being treated therewith. Veterinary acceptable also encompasses pharmaceutically acceptable.
• “Aqueous wash” is used to wash the Formula (1 ) compound in the extracting solvent in the purifying step of the process for making the 1 :1 diastereomeric mixture of the Formula (1 ) compound.
• Representative aqueous wash(s) is a water or brine (aqueous NaCI) solution, each containing a palladium chelator(s).
• Representative palladium chelators are selected from the group consisting of EDA, TMT-Na3, NH 4 OH, TMT, NaHSCh, thiourea, DEA, EDTA, Ac-L-cysteine, citric acid and mixtures thereof.
• the brine solution can be saturated.
• Organic solvent is used to dissolve the Formula (1 ) compound in the purifying step of the process for making the 1 :1 diastereomeric mixture of the Formula (1 ) compound.
• Representative organic solvents include: MEK, iPrOAc, EtOAc, acetone, 1 -butanol, 1 -propanol, 2-propanol, and mixtures thereof.
• Extracting solvent is used to extract the Formula (1 ) compound in the purifying steps of the process for making the 1 :1 diastereomeric mixture of the Formula (1 ) compound.
• Representative extracting solvents include: THF,
• Anti-solvent is used to crystallize the Formula (1 ) compound in the purifying step of the process for making the 1 :1 diastereomeric mixture of the Formula (1 ) compound.
• Representative anti-solvents include water, MTBE, hexane, heptane, and mixtures thereof.
• the ratio term 1 :1 as it relates to the ratio of the two diastereomers of Formula (1 ) (/ ' .e., 1 a:1 b) refers to a ratio that is in the range from about 47:53 to about 53:47; preferably from about 48:52 to about 52:48; and more preferably from about 49:51 to about 51 :49 of Formula (1 a) and Formula (1 b), respectively.
• enantiomeric intermediates have identical chemical and physical properties except for their ability to rotate plane-polarized light (+/-) by equal amounts but in opposite directions.
• Enantiomers are also called optical isomers.
• a mixture of equal parts of an optically active isomer and its enantiomer has a zero-net rotation of plane-polarized light because the positive rotation of each (+) form is exactly counteracted by the negative rotation of each (-) form.
• enantiomerically pure Formula (B) Separation of the racemic mixture of intermediate (g) can also be accomplished by standard chromatographic methods on chiral adsorbents ⁇ e.g., acetyl cellulose).
• the final Formula (1 ) compound is a mixture of diasteromers, Formula’s (1 a) and (1 b).
• the mixture of diastereomers can be purified to prepare a 1 :1 mixture of
• the compound of Formula (1 ) may be used in its native form (base) or as a salt.
• the Formula (1 ) compound has a basic functional group and can form addition salts with acids. Such salts are included within the scope of the present invention to the extent that they are acceptable for veterinary use. Suitable acid addition salts are formed from acids which form non-toxic salts. Examples include the acetate, adipate, aspartate, benzoate, besylate,
• compositions of the present invention may be any composition of the present invention.
• compositions for use in accordance with the present invention may be formulated in conventional manner using one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers comprising excipients and auxiliaries, which facilitate processing of the active compound into preparations, which can be used pharmaceutically. Proper formulation is dependent upon the route of administration chosen.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and carriers are generally known to those skilled in the art and are thus included in the instant invention. Such excipients and carriers are described, for example, in
• the composition comprising the Formula (1 ) compound is an injectable composition.
• Injection can be subcutaneous, intra-muscular, by intravenous. The preferred route of injection is subcutaneous.
• the composition comprises excipients and carriers that are known to provide solubility to the compound of Formula (1 ) and that are acceptable for pharmaceutical veterinary use.
• an injectable composition can comprise the Formula (1 ) compound, DMSO and DMA.
• Other commonly used excipients and/or carriers can include glycerol, glycols, dialkylglycol ethers, and the like.
• the composition can also include an anti-oxidant (e.g., BHA, BHT, phenol, and mixtures thereof) and/or preservatives (e.g., benzyl alcohol, citric acid, and the like).
• the composition can comprise about 100mg/ml_ to about 600mg/ml_ of the Formula (1 ) compound per milliliter of carrier(s).
• a preferred composition contains about 200mg/ml_ to 500mg/ml_ of the Formula (1 ) compound.
• a preferred composition contains about 200mg/ml_ of the Formula (1 ) compound.
• a preferred composition contains about 300mg/ml_ of the
• a preferred composition contains about 400mg/ml_ of the Formula (1 ) compound.
• a preferred composition contains about 500mg/ml_ of the Formula (1 ) compound.
• the composition can also contain amounts of the Formula (1 ) compound at about 250mg/ml_, 350mg/ml_, and 450mg/ml_. Other amount/volume compositions are also construed herein.
• the formulations of the invention can be designed to be short-acting, fast releasing, long-acting, extended-releasing, or controlled-releasing. Specifically, the formulation of the invention can be an extended release form. Thus, the pharmaceutical formulations can also be formulated for controlled release or for slow release.
• the pharmaceutical formulations comprise a compound of Formula (1 ), and may also comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the Formula (1 ) compound.
• compositions suitable for use in the present invention include compositions wherein the active ingredient i.e., the Formula (1 ) compound, is contained in an amount sufficient to achieve the intended purpose, i.e., control or the treatment of infections. More specifically, a therapeutically effective amount means an amount of compound effective to prevent, alleviate or ameliorate symptoms/signs of infections or prolong the survival of the subject being treated.
• the quantity of active component, which is the compound of this invention, in the pharmaceutical composition and unit dosage form thereof, may be varied or adjusted widely depending upon the manner of administration, the potency of the particular compound and the desired concentration.
• the quantity of active component will range between 0.01 % to 99% by weight of the composition.
• a therapeutically effective amount of dosage of the Formula (1 ) compound will be in the range of about 1 to 50 mg/kg of body weight/day;
• the dosages may vary depending upon the requirements of each subject and the severity of the bacterial infection.
• the desired dose may conveniently be presented in a single dose or as divided doses administered at appropriate intervals, for example, as two, three, four or more sub-doses per day.
• the initial dosage administered may be increased beyond the above upper level in order to rapidly achieve the desired plasma concentration.
• the initial dosage may be smaller than the optimum and the daily dosage may be progressively increased during the course of treatment depending on the particular situation.
• the daily dose may also be divided into multiple doses for administration, e.g., two to four times per day.
• compounds of the present invention demonstrate very good antibacterial activity against BRD pathogens, for example, M. haemolytica, P. multo., H. somnus and M. bovis.
• the Formula (1 ) compound of the present invention is an antibacterial agent that is used for the treatment of bovine respiratory disease infections in cattle caused by Gram-negative respiratory pathogens, such as M. haemolytica, P. multocida, H. somnus, and M. bovis.
• the challenge dose ranged from about 2.9x109 CFU to 4.9x108 CFU.
• BRD symptomatic animals received a single subcutaneous dose of saline (control) or test (20 or 40mg/kg) compound.
• control animals presented with an upper range of lung lesions of about
• cattle mixed beef and/or dairy breeds; 180-270kg were treated from a naturally occurring BRD infection.
• control or test
• treatment success based on respiratory symptoms (rate, mucopurulent nasal or ocular discharge, open mouth breathing) and attitude (alert, stimuli response time, muscle weakness, ataxia, swaying) was about 37% and 47% for the 15mg/kg and 20mg/kg dose, respectively.
• control animal success was about 20%.
• the Formula (1 ) compound was shown to provide significant treatment effect in cattle with natural BRD infections.
• T01 , T02, T03, T04, and T05 were 53.3%, 46.7%, 0%, 0%, and 0%, respectively.
• Animals treated with T03, T04, and T05 showed a significant reduction in BRD related mortality compared to T01 and T02.
• Bback transform LSmean(1 ) percent lung lesions for T01 , T02, T03, T04, and T05 were 35.1 %, 32.1 %, 9.1 %, 13.3%, and 6.8%, respectively.
• All T03, T04, and T05 treated animals displayed a significant reduction in percent lung lesions compared with T01 and T02 reated animals.
• T04 and T05 were not different form T03.
• the process for making the Formula (1 ) compound is illustrated by the following schemes and procedural steps.
• the starting materials and various reactants can be obtained from commercial sources, or are readily prepared from commercially available organic compounds, using well-known methods to one skilled in the art.
• the following acronyms described herein are defined: sodium thiomethoxide (NaSMe); ethanol (EtOH); and 2-propanol (isopropanol, IPA, 2-PrOH); 1 -propanol (n-propanol, 1 -PrOH), 2-butanol (2-BuOH), isopropyl acetate (iPrOAc), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), methyl acetate (MeOAc), 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran (MeTHF), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP); dimethylformamide (DMF), sodium hydride (NaH); methanol (MeOH); sodium carbonate (Na2CC>3); sodium
• hydrochloric acid HCI
• BBA bisboronic acid
• B2Pin2 bis(pinacolato)diboron
• MTBE methyl tert-butyl ether
• PhCN benzonitrile
• CH2CI2 methylene chloride
• MeCN acetonitrile
• DME dimethoxyethane
• DMAc/DMA dimethoxyethane
• TAA triethylamine
• DIPEA diisopropylethylamine
• H2O2 hydrogen peroxide
• NaOMe sodium methoxide
• MEK methyl ethyl ketone
• K2CO3 potassium carbonate
• CS2CO3 cesium carbonate
• CsOAc cesium acetate
• K3PC potassium phosphate tribasic
• DBDMH potassium tert-butoxide
• K3PC potassium phosphate tribasic
• DBDMH potassium tert-butoxide
• K3PC potassium phosphate tribasic
• DBDMH 1 ,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin
• KtBu potassium tert-butoxide
• triphenylphosphine (RRI ⁇ 3 ); tricyclohexylphosphine (PCy3); ethylenediamine (EDA), Carbon (activated carbon), silica el (S1O2), siliamets thiol (Si-Thiol), quadrapure TU (MP-TU), microporous polystyrene bound-trimercaptotriazine (MP-TMT), silica bound trimercaptotriazine (Si-TMT), siliamets DMT (Si-DMT), siliamets cysteine (Si-cysteine), ammonium hydroxide (NH 4 OH), trimercaptotriazine (TMT), trimercaptotriazine sodium salt (TMT-Na3), sodium bisulfite (NaHSCh); thiourea (H2NCSNH2), diethylamine (DEA),
• EDTA ethylenediaminetetra acetic acid
• Ac-L-cysteine acetyl-L-cysteine
• V volume
• eq equivalent
• MPa megapascal
• the Formula (1 ) compound can be prepared by methods first described in US Patent US 9,422,236.
• the method described herein has numerous advantages over the method described in US 9,422,236. For example:
• Step 10 manufacturing process to give a 70-80% yield of white product versus 3 workups and 3 chromatographic purifications for a 41% yield of brown solid (Step 10);
• Formula (A) is prepared in 3 steps from 2,5-dibromopyridine.
• 2,5- dibromopyridine (a) is treated with an aqueous solution of sodium thiomethoxide in a polar, aprotic solvent such as DMF, NMP, DMAc, DMSO, preferably DMF to afford intermediate (b) which is precipitated by addition of water.
• the N- (trifluoroacetyl)sulfilimine (c) is synthesized by treatment of a solution of sulfide (b) and trifluoroamide with a strong base such as KOtBu, NaH, preferably KOtBu followed by dibromodimethylhydantoin.
• sulfilimine (c) can be isolated from organic (IPA/heptane) or aqueous (alcohol/water,
• Oxidation of the sulfilimine (c) to the racemic sulfoximine Formula (A) is accomplished using hydrogen peroxide, in the presence of a carbonate base, preferably powdered potassium carbonate, and a mixture of acetonitrile and a small chain alcohol, preferably methanol.
• a carbonate base preferably powdered potassium carbonate
• acetonitrile and a small chain alcohol preferably methanol.
• the solvent combination and ratio of acetonitrile and an alcohol is critical to the success of the oxidation and control of the sulfone impurity formation.
• Isolation of the HCI salt of the sulfoximine compound Formula (A) purges residual sulfone and other impurities.
• the Formula (1 ) compound is prepared in a 2-step, telescoped process by coupling intermediates (A) and (B).
• Intermediate B is borylated via a palladium catalyzed reaction using bisboronic acid.
• the palladium species, ligand, catalyst activation protocol, solvent system, and buffer used are important reactants in the reaction. Of particular note, is the addition of acetic acid to the reaction which improves the conversion to product compared to when acetic acid is not used.
• an aqueous THF solution of Formula (A) in THF and aqueous K2CO3 is added. The same palladium catalyst is then used to couple the two intermediates to afford The Formula (1 ) compound.
• Step-1 A Preparation of Intermediate (b), 5-bromo-2-methylsulfanyl-pyridine
• Step-2A Preparation of Intermediate (c), N-((5-bromopyridin-2-yl)(methyl) ⁇ 4- sulfanylidene)-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide
• 2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide (961 g, 1 .2eq) in MTBE (9L) is added potassium t- butoxide (875 g, 1 .1 Oeq) in portions keeping the batch temperature ⁇ 10°C.
• Isopropanol (200ml_) is added to the batch and vacuum distillation continued to a batch volume of ⁇ 300ml_.
• the batch is cooled to ⁇ 20°C and then water (400ml_) is added over ⁇ 30 minutes.
• the solids are collected by filtration and the cake washed with 1 :4 isopropanol water (200ml_).
• the product is dried in vacuo at about 50°C to give the title compound as a colorless solid (134g, 87
• N-((5-bromopyridin-2-yl)(methyl)-A4-sulfanylidene)-2,2,2- trifluoroacetamide 50g, 0.159mmol) and powdered potassium carbonate (26.3g, 1.20eq) is combined with acetonitrile (126ml_), methanol (74mL), and water (4.3ml_). 30% hydrogen peroxide (19.4ml_, 1 20eq) is slowly added maintaining the batch temp at about 25-35°C. The batch is held at about 30°C until the reaction is complete.
• a solution of sodium bisulfite (3.3g, 0.2 eq) and water (150ml_) is added to the batch and stirred until no peroxide remains using a peroxide test strip.
• the batch is concentrated by vacuum distillation to remove the organic solvents.
• Dichloromethane (150ml_) is added to batch and the layers are separated.
• the aqueous layer is extracted with additional dichloromethane (100ml_ and then 50ml_).
• the combined organic layer is concentrated by atmospheric distillation to a batch volume of about 250ml_.
• HCI in isopropanol is added to the batch keeping the batch temp at ⁇ 35°C.
• the solids are collected at ambient temperature and washed with isopropanol (50ml_).
• Step-1 B Preparation of Racemic Intermediate (f) (+/-) (2S,3R)-2-amino-3-(4- chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropanoic acid
• (+/-) (2S,3R)-2-amino-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropanoic acid (1.00kg) and ethanol (4L) are combined and cooled to ⁇ 5°C.
• Thionyl chloride (740g, 2eq) is added at about 0-5°C, and then the batch is warmed to about 50°C.
• the batch is concentrated by vacuum distillation, diluted with water (1 5L) and the pH adjusted to 8 with ammonium hydroxide. The batch is cooled to about 5-10°C to precipitate the product which is collected by filtration, washed with water and dried to afford the titled intermediate compound (725g, 97% yield).
• Step-3B Chiral Resolution to Prepare Intermediate (h), ethyl (2S,3R)-2-amino-3- (4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropanoate
• (+/-) ethyl (2S,3R)-2-amino-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropanoate (1 10Og, 1 eq) is added to a solution of L-mandelic acid (1 .05eq) in ethanol (7L) and heated to about 35-40°C. The batch is cooled to about 20°C over 1 hour and stirred 1 hour before the solids are collected by filtration. The cake is dissolved in water (7L) and the pH adjusted to 8-9 with ammonium hydroxide. The product is isolated by filtration, washed with water and dried in vacuo at about 45°C to afford compound (h) (320g, 29% yield).
• Step-5B Preparation of Intermediate (j), ((4R,5R)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-phenyl- 4,5-dihydrooxazol-4-yl)methanol
• intermediate (h) 50g of intermediate (h) is dissolved in 350ml_ of methanol, and then 13.3g of potassium borohydride is slowly added and reacted at about 40°C for 6 hours.
• 150g of glycerin is added, methanol was evaporated off by concentration under reduced pressure, and then 1 1 3g of potassium carbonate is added.
• 33.8g of benzonitrile is added dropwise in 20 minutes, and then reacted at 105°C for 18 hours.
• 150g of water is added, stirred at about 50°C for 30 minutes, and then filtered while still hot. The filter cake is slurried once in ethanol, and then filtered to obtain 51 .4g of intermediate (j) as a white solid (yield 87%).
• Step-6B Preparation of Intermediate (k) (4S,5R)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4- (fluoromethyl)-2-phenyl-4,5-dihydrooxazole
• Step-8B Preparation of Formula (B) Compound, N-((1 R,2S)-1 -(4-chlorophenyl)- 3-fluoro-1 -hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2,2-difluoroacetamide
• the bottom aqueous layer is cut away and the organic layer is stirred with watensaturated brine:EDA (1 3L:1 3L:0.6eq) at ⁇ 25C for >0.5 hours.
• the lower aqueous layer is cut away.
• the organic layer is stirred with EDA (0.6eq) and Carbon (660g, activated carbon, C-941 type) for >12 hours or recycled with EDA (0.6eq) through a cartridge(s) of Carbon (C-941 type) for >12 hours.
• the Carbon is filtered out and the solids rinsed with THF (2.1 L).
• the filtrate is washed with brine (1 .3L) with pH adjusted to ⁇ 7 with concentrated HCI.
• the filtrate is washed with brine (1 .3L) and the organic layer is concentrated via vacuum distillation (batch temp ⁇ 30°C, 60-70mbar) to ⁇ 2 V.
• 1 -Propanol (1 -PrOH, 2.1 L) is added and the batch concentrated via vacuum distillation to ⁇ 2V.
• 1 - propanol (7.2L) is added and the batch heated to about >55°C to give a solution and then cooled to 50-55°C and seeded. The batch is cooled to 5-25°C and sampled. If the chiral HPLC of the solid is a 49-51 % diastereomeric mixture, proceed to filtration. If the chiral HPLC of the solid is a ⁇ 49% to >51 %
• the Formula 1 compound is a diastereomeric mixture of 2,2-difluoro-N-((1 R,2S)-3-fluoro-1 -hydroxy-1 -(4-(6-((S)-S- methylsulfonimidoyl)pyridin-3-yl)phenyl)propan-2-yl)acetamide (1 a) and 2,2- difluoro-N-((1 R,2S)-3-fluoro-1 -hydroxy-1 -(4-(6-((R)-S- methylsulfonimidoyl)pyridin-3-yl)phenyl)propan-2-yl)acetamide (1 b)
• the diastereomers (Formula 1 a and 1 b) are prepared in a diastereomeric mixture in a ratio of about 48:52 (1 a:1 b) to 52:48 (1 a:1 b); and preferably from about 49:51 (1 a:1 b) to 51 :49 (1 a:1 b).
• Different solid-state forms of a pharmaceutical or veterinary compound can have materially different physical properties. Such differences in physical properties can have an impact, for example, on how a pharmaceutical or veterinary compound is made, processed, formulated or administered.
• the crystalline form of one compound may have very different properties: solubility, rate of dissolution, suspension stability, stability during grinding, vapor pressure, optical and mechanical properties, hygroscopicity, crystal size, filtration properties, desiccation, density, melting point, degradation stability, stability against phase transformation into other crystalline forms, color, and even chemical reactivity.
• the invention provides a specific crystalline form, preferably Form A1 , of the diastereomeric mixture of the Formula (1 ) compound.
• the X-ray diffractograms were obtained using a Bruker D4 Endeavor equipped with a LynxEye detector operated with a fixed slit and a Cu source operated at 40 kV and 40 mA, K2a wavelength 1 .5406
• the diffractograms were obtained in locked coupled mode, from 5 to 50 degrees two-theta.
• the step size was 0.020 degrees two-theta, and the acquisition time per step was 0.5 seconds or 1 second.
• the divergent slit was set at 1 .00 degree.
• a suitable blank diffractogram was subtracted.
• Zero background holders were employed in all tests, with the sample distributed across the surface in a thin flat layer. All tests were performed at controlled room temperature and humidity (typically 21 -22°C, 25-50%RH). During acquisition, the sample holder was rotated at 20 rpm. Data were analyzed in the EVA software package obtained from Bruker.
• the relative intensities of the various peaks reported in Tables 1 -3 and Figures 1 -3, respectively, herein may vary due to a number of factors such as orientation effects of crystals in the X-ray beam or the purity of the material being analyzed or the degree of crystallinity of the sample.
• the PXRD peak positions may also shift for variations in sample height but the peak positions will remain
• the diastereomeric (Formula 1 a and 1 b) mixture has a unique three- dimensional crystalline configuration that can be characterized by, inter alia, the way the crystal lattice diffracts electromagnetic radiation (e.g., PXRD).
• Form A1

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• 2019
  • 2019-09-23 BR BR112021005584-3A patent/BR112021005584A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
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