EP3852944A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung eines räumlich strukturierten bauteils, halbzeug zur erzeugung eines solchen bauteils und bauteil mit einer räumlich strukturierten oberfläche - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung eines räumlich strukturierten bauteils, halbzeug zur erzeugung eines solchen bauteils und bauteil mit einer räumlich strukturierten oberflächeInfo
- Publication number
- EP3852944A1 EP3852944A1 EP19797664.0A EP19797664A EP3852944A1 EP 3852944 A1 EP3852944 A1 EP 3852944A1 EP 19797664 A EP19797664 A EP 19797664A EP 3852944 A1 EP3852944 A1 EP 3852944A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- semi
- finished product
- bending point
- recess
- predetermined bending
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 193
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 25
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000251730 Chondrichthyes Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002969 artificial stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012824 chemical production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D11/00—Bending not restricted to forms of material mentioned in only one of groups B21D5/00, B21D7/00, B21D9/00; Bending not provided for in groups B21D5/00 - B21D9/00; Twisting
- B21D11/08—Bending by altering the thickness of part of the cross-section of the work
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D13/00—Corrugating sheet metal, rods or profiles; Bending sheet metal, rods or profiles into wave form
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
- B21D26/021—Deforming sheet bodies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
- B21D26/053—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure characterised by the material of the blanks
- B21D26/059—Layered blanks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
- B29C53/005—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
- B29C53/02—Bending or folding
- B29C53/04—Bending or folding of plates or sheets
- B29C53/06—Forming folding lines by pressing or scoring
- B29C53/063—Forming folding lines by pressing or scoring combined with folding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
- B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
- B32B3/30—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer formed with recesses or projections, e.g. hollows, grooves, protuberances, ribs
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a component with a spatially structured surface from a semifinished product, a semifinished product for plastically shaping the same into a component with a spatially structured surface, and such a component.
- a semi-finished product is to be understood as a semi-finished product which consists of a raw material and which has already been brought into a basic geometric shape.
- semi-finished products in the sense of the present application are plates, shells and / or discs made of metal, plastic, wood, artificial stones and / or mixtures thereof.
- a spatially structured surface should be understood to mean a surface which is distinguished from different smooth and unprocessed surfaces by different depths and heights, kinks, dents and / or elevations.
- Thermoforming or mechanical folding processes is entered in the semi-finished product.
- Components with such a surface are also partially milled from solid.
- the necessary forming energy increases sharply, which means that considerable forces are input into the semifinished product, particularly in the case of complex or pronounced geometries of the component.
- This can be a disadvantage, in particular in the case of semi-finished products made of composite panels, since the multi-layer structure should in principle not be destroyed in order to be able to guarantee the function of the composite panel even after the forming.
- the main disadvantage of solid material panels is that with increasing thickness, ever larger amounts of energy are required to process the semi-finished product accordingly.
- the production of the cuts is quite complex and often such cut edges are also undesirable. This is the case, for example, if the spatially structured surface creates targeted visual impressions and at the same time functional tasks, such as tightness or Function of a full-surface cover, a facade part, cabinet element or the like are to be fulfilled. In such cases, it is particularly desirable that the component has a surface that is as uniform as possible and gap-free.
- Bending parts are produced in the semifinished product, and then the semifinished product is subjected to a surface pressure that is metered in such a way that the pressure plastically deforms the semifinished product along the intended bending parts, so that a component with an overall spatially structured surface is created.
- the method according to the invention therefore starts with the production of a relatively complex shaped bending parts in the semi-finished product.
- the predetermined bending parts are generally a local reduction of the bending stiffness of the semi-finished product, e.g. by weakening the thickness, but always along a pattern. This can be a regular and / or irregular pattern.
- the pattern of the structural weakenings or the predetermined bending parts can consist of any known basic geometries and / or of free geometries. There can be patterns in patterns. It can consist of linear, non-linear, intersecting and / or non-intersecting lines, polylines, splines, circles, etc. logos, fonts, drawings are also possible.
- the plastic forming work therefore only has to be done to overcome the locally reduced bending stiffness in the predetermined bending parts and no longer to overcome the
- pressure is generally to be understood as a force per unit area introduced onto the semifinished product during the forming process, which acts on at least one surface of the semifinished product. It is important that this flat application of force creates a pressure drop in the semi-finished product, which leads to forming. Depending on how pronounced the predetermined bending parts are, the pressure required for plastic forming can be correspondingly low.
- the application of the pressure or the associated reshaping can take place by using any suitable means. For example, a differential pressure device can be used. The pressure applied can also be negative or positive pressure.
- the forming process does not have to be set up exactly to the geometry of the pattern-shaped predetermined bending point, as is the case, for example, with the deep-drawing process or a pressing process.
- no special stamp geometries or molded parts have to be produced in order to produce the desired shape of the semi-finished product. Rather, it is the case that the various sub-areas simply form along the pattern-shaped predetermined bending point when appropriately applied forming work.
- the predetermined bending part does not have to exactly match the partial areas to be produced. Rather, that pattern defines a basic structure along which the partial areas are formed.
- the spatially structured surface can therefore be seen as the sum of the partial areas that are formed on the basis of the intended bending point.
- the targeted introduction of a pattern-shaped target bending point is based on the knowledge that the relatively complex structure of the target bending point can be achieved with relatively little effort
- Forming process can be introduced into the undeformed semi-finished product.
- the local plastic deformation that occurs along this pattern-shaped predetermined bending point leads to the fact that a spatially stabilized surface is formed in one step, in spite of any cross-sectional weakening. This is also due to the fact that due to the pattern
- Target bending point forms a larger number of sub-areas during forming. These form a mutually stabilizing, spatial surface structure made up of staggered partial surfaces, which makes up for the original cross-sectional weakening. If care is taken to ensure that the predetermined bending point does not cut or perforate the semi-finished product, a closed surface is still obtained even after the forming.
- a folding mechanism with a spatially multiply structured surface forms precisely on account of the pattern-shaped predetermined bending point, which brings about a high strength of the component due to the spatial stabilization of the folding mechanism thus generated. This is because it is greater than the strength that would develop with a single fold of a conventional predetermined bending point.
- the pattern-shaped predetermined bending point is produced by arranging at least one recess in the semi-finished product, which preferably extends from a surface of the semi-finished product in the direction of the interior of the semi-finished product or vice versa.
- the recess can be made by a recess of any cross-section.
- a V-shape, a U-shape, a rectangular shape, a semicircle shape, etc. are conceivable.
- At least one recess is at least partially linear and / or a plurality of recesses are arranged along an imaginary line.
- the cutouts can therefore be at least partially groove-like. In this way, pattern-shaped predetermined bending points can be produced in a simple manner in the semifinished product.
- At least one linear recess can be at least partially rectilinear and / or curved, in particular spiral.
- Line-shaped recesses with a straight course are particularly easy to produce.
- a plurality of cutouts can be arranged in the semi-finished product along at least one at least straight and / or partially curved line.
- a pattern-shaped predetermined bending point can also be generated in a simple manner with several recesses that are specifically oriented in this way.
- At least one recess is advantageously produced in the semifinished product in such a way that its depth and / or width changes at least partially along the pattern of the predetermined bending point.
- the recess in the edge region of the surface of the semi-finished product can be more or less pronounced than in the central region of the semi-finished product.
- special individual lines, curves of the recess or a subset of recesses can be more or less pronounced than lines, curves or subsets of recesses at other locations on the semi-finished product.
- the reduced cross sections of the semi-finished product have correspondingly reduced stiffnesses with a course along the pattern of the predetermined bending point.
- Structural weakening geometry enables. Critical forming areas can be localized using numerical analyzes, and early failure can be prevented by selecting the appropriate geometry for the recess or the predetermined bending point.
- the pattern-shaped predetermined bending point can at least partially be designed as a spiral structure.
- the spiral structure can be angular and / or round. In any case, conical bulged components can be manufactured in a very simple manner.
- the pattern-shaped predetermined bending point can also be designed at least partially as a network-like structure, preferably with an open-cell and / or closed-cell structure.
- Network-like structure is generally understood to mean a pattern composed of several lines (even and odd) and / or points.
- the net-like structure can be created by one or more correspondingly shaped line-shaped recesses or also by several punctiform and / or short line-shaped recesses set along imaginary lines.
- the areas correspondingly surrounded by the recess or the recesses can be compared with cells or meshes of a network.
- the surfaces defined in this way ensure that several partial surfaces that are moved and angled towards each other out of the original shape (this can be a flat surface but also a simple shell shape) of the semifinished product form during the forming process.
- the mesh-like structure of the pattern-shaped predetermined bending point can at least partially have a closed-cell and / or open-line structure.
- the closed-line structure has the advantage over an open-cell structure that the network structure along the entire circumferential line of the cell is defined by a weakened cross-section. In this way, it is relatively well ensured during the forming process that relatively clearly delimited angles are angled to one another
- the open-cell structure has the advantage that not too many recesses meet at a node, especially with relatively narrow-meshed patterns. A mixture of both structures combines their advantages.
- a particularly suitable net-like structure is a polyhedral pattern, which can be made up of triangles, for example, or contain triangles. As a result, any variations of polygons can be present in the pattern. So-called stealth surfaces can be created in the component by using polyhedral patterns.
- the recess is further developed thermally, mechanically, chemically and / or by a
- Material application manufactured next to the soli bending point Under thermal production e.g. melting or baking of the recess can be understood.
- Mechanical production can be understood to mean, for example, a cutting, displacing or similar process.
- Chemical production, for example by etching, is also conceivable.
- the cutting processes include processes with a geometrically defined cutting edge, such as turning, drilling, countersinking, milling and broaching, as well as those with a geometrically undetermined cutting edge, such as honing, lapping, blasting and sliding chips.
- a displacing process is understood to mean, for example, the pressing in of a profile or geometry into a surface of the semi-finished product.
- the cost-effective application of such methods for processing the semi-finished product is advantageous.
- the term material application encompasses all processes that apply an additional layer, coating or other objects to the surface that lead to an increase in the bending stiffness at the relevant point - that is, next to the bending point.
- At least one surface of the semifinished product is advantageously covered with an overlap and / or
- the pressure can in particular be applied in a variable, uniform and / or alternating manner.
- a variable pressure is generally understood to mean a time-dependent pressure gradient that occurs during the forming process.
- the variable pressure can have gradual, uniform and / or sudden pressure changes.
- the change in pressure can be designed either purely in the overpressure or underpressure range, or alternately from the overpressure to the underpressure range or vice versa.
- a variable pressure has the advantage that the plastic forming can be controlled or triggered more precisely.
- a pressure medium is used to apply the pressure.
- This can be a fluid, a foam, a sand, a plate with an elastic surface and / or the like.
- the fluid can be compressible, such as a gas, gas mixture, in particular air, or incompressible, such as a liquid, in particular water or an oil, in particular a hydraulic oil.
- the use of a fluid has the advantage that a locally constant pressure is achieved across the surface of the semi-finished product. The fact that no pressure peaks are formed makes the shaping of the semi-finished product more predictable and gentle on the material.
- a protective cover is applied to the semi-finished product before pressure is applied to at least one of the first surface and / or the second surface of the semi-finished product.
- a protective cover is generally to be understood as a layer or layer that makes it possible to avoid, during the forming process, that the printing medium has direct contact with the relevant semi-finished product surface. This can have several advantages. On the one hand, this can ensure that the pressure medium does not escape through any perforations in the semi-finished product during the forming process. On the other hand, wetting or direct contact can generally occur between the printing medium and the semi-finished product surface be avoided.
- the protective cover is preferably applied after the predetermined bending point has been introduced and before the semi-finished product has been formed.
- the damping means can be an elastic object that comes into contact with the semifinished product during the entire forming process or only towards the end of the forming process.
- the damping means can be arranged statically or carried along during the forming process. It is advantageous here that excessive or extensive deformation of the semi-finished product is avoided and the deformation as a whole can be better controlled. This is particularly helpful when the forming takes place with high expansion rates, generated quickly and / or by high amounts of energy.
- the semi-finished product and / or a printing medium is heated in such a way that the plastic deformation of the semi-finished product is favored.
- the heating can have a purely material-related influence on the bending stiffness of the semifinished product, which is the case, for example, when a softening temperature is reached, or a reaction-related influence, which means that when the temperature limit is reached, a chemical process takes place that reduces the bending stiffness of the semi-finished product reduced.
- two layers of the semifinished product are connected to one another in such a way that a pressure sufficient for forming can be introduced between the two semifinished product layers.
- the plastic deformation occurs in accordance with the predetermined bending point, which is introduced on at least one surface of the multilayer semi-finished product. It is advantageous that, for example, a pillow-like one with little effort
- the task is solved with a semifinished product for plastic shaping of the same into a component with a spatially structured surface, which has a patterned predetermined bending point with at least one recess.
- the at least one recess of the pattern-shaped predetermined bending point extends from a surface of the semi-finished product in the direction of the interior of the semi-finished product or vice versa.
- the predetermined bending point can also have a second recess, which differs from a second
- the second recess can comprise a single recess or a plurality of recesses.
- the second recess may also have a pattern, such as a polyhedral pattern.
- the second recess can be arranged congruently with the first recess in the semi-finished product. This results in cross-sectional weakening that is effective from both sides. Alternatively, it can also be arranged offset be. Additional kinks can be created in the surface of the semi-finished product.
- the soil bending point also comprises both the first and the second recess in the sense of this further development. It is essential to the invention that the soil bending point provides the basic pattern for the later spatially deformed surfaces of the component.
- the pattern-shaped soil bending point expediently has at least one recess which is linear and has an at least partially rectilinear and / or curved, in particular spiral, course.
- the pattern-shaped soil bending point can also have a plurality of cutouts which are arranged along an at least partially rectilinear and / or curved line. Then, several targeted recesses in their entirety form the patterned base bending point.
- the pattern-shaped soil bending point has at least one recess, the depth and / or width of which changes at least partially along the pattern.
- the recess in the edge region of the surface of the semi-finished product can be more or less pronounced than in the central region of the semi-finished product.
- special individual lines, curves of the recess or a subset of recesses can be more or less pronounced than lines, curves or subsets of recesses at other locations on the semi-finished product.
- the soil bending point has at least one recess designed as a perforation.
- the perforation can be continuous or only partially continuous.
- the perforation can be introduced either along a specific crease or a corner of a polyhedron.
- the perforation can be introduced both vertically and inclined with respect to the shark surface. If the perforation is not continuous, it can be present from one surface as well as from both surfaces of the semi-finished product. It is always advantageous that the perforation as part of the soil bending point represents a weakening of the bending stiffness that is particularly easy to introduce.
- a cross section of the cutout can be designed such that when the semifinished product at the cutout reaches a defined forming angle a, the further shaping of the semifinished product is inhibited by the fact that a contact contact is formed in the cross section of the cutout.
- a touch contact can be understood, for example, as a stop on two flanks of the recess.
- this can be done in that the recess has a U-shaped or V-shaped cross section, which is designed accordingly. This has the advantage that not only the beginning of the forming is caused by the recess, but also the end of the forming is predetermined by the recess.
- the semifinished product expediently has a thermally, chemically and / or mechanically activatable plastic.
- activatable plastic is meant a plastic that plastically deforms due to thermal, chemical and / or mechanical influence. So it can e.g. act as a thermoplastic.
- reactive plastic has the advantage that the bending stiffness of the predetermined bending point can be at least temporarily reduced or increased by a targeted chemical reaction.
- the semifinished product has a composite material which has at least one outer layer and one core layer, the pattern-shaped predetermined bending point being arranged in at least one of the layers.
- a suitable composite material can be a
- outer layer and / or a core layer made of metal, ceramic, glass, stone (natural stone and / or being artificial), plastic and / or wood or mixtures thereof.
- a well-known and well-suited composite material has, for example, two outer layers made of aluminum and one
- Core layer made of a polymer plastic, a well-known trade name for it is Alucobond.
- Composite materials generally have the advantage that different material properties can be bundled. For example, they can have high bending stiffness, high flatness and weather resistance in the outer layer with a light overall weight due to a light core layer.
- the first and / or second recess of the predetermined bending point penetrates one
- Outer layer at least partially. This is an advantage, especially in the case of a particularly rigid material in the outer layer, since this makes the forming considerably easier.
- the semifinished product has two interconnected semifinished layers, at least one of the semifinished layers having a predetermined bending point.
- a suitable means for applying the pressure is arranged on at least one semifinished layer. This can be a fluid filler neck for the supply of the pressure medium.
- the pressure medium can be released from the multi-layer semi-finished product.
- the pressure medium can be air, for example, which is temporarily pressed into the empty space between the semi-finished products or sucked out to such a degree that a pressure sufficient for plastic deformation is generated.
- the pattern-shaped predetermined bending point can be formed entirely or partially on at least one of the surfaces of a semi-finished layer.
- the two layers of semi-finished products can be connected by a frame-like web running around the edge, so that a defined starting distance is established between the two layers.
- a deformed structure (convex, concave, mixed convex-concave) can then be produced by overpressure or underpressure or alternating overpressure or underpressure. To the overpressure
- a valve can be arranged in the frame-like web.
- a semifinished product can also be deformed which has an internal cavity even in the initial state. At least one spacer can also be introduced into such a cavity. If a suppressor is then generated, the respective spacer presses into the semifinished product and in this way produces an additional deformation effect in that the spacer limits the deformation at that point.
- the patterned soli bending points can be located on all main surfaces of the two layers of semi-finished products. Nevertheless, any combination of surfaces on which a pattern-shaped predetermined bending point is formed is conceivable. In a preferred development, the pattern-shaped predetermined bending point is formed on both layers of semi-finished product facing inwards. This has the advantage that the patterned soli bending points are not visible from the outside.
- FIG. 1 is an overall perspective view of a semifinished product according to the invention.
- FIGS. 2a to 2d show four cross-sectional views of different semi-finished products according to the invention in accordance with a second to fifth exemplary embodiment
- FIG. 3a shows a semifinished product according to a sixth exemplary embodiment in a state prior to plastic forming into a component according to the invention
- 3b shows a semifinished product according to the sixth exemplary embodiment in a state after plastic shaping to form a component according to the invention
- Fig. 5 shows a detail of a plan view of a means of the invention
- Fig. 6 is a plan view of a semifinished product according to the invention with a
- Fig. 7 shows a cross section through one of two semifinished layers according to the invention
- Fig. 8 shows a cross section through one of two over a frame-like web
- the semi-finished product 1 shown in FIG. 1 is in the present case a flat, flat, rectangular plate (for example made of metal) which has a first surface 2 pointing upwards and a second surface 3 pointing downwards.
- a predetermined bending parts 4 is now formed on the surface 2 of the semifinished product 1 in the form of a network-like structure in plan view.
- this net-like predetermined bending parts consists of several interconnected, linear cutouts 5, all of which extend from the first surface 2 in the direction of the second surface 3 of the semi-finished product 1.
- Each recess 5 causes a local reduction in the bending stiffness of the semifinished product 1, so that when the
- the mesh-like predetermined bending parts 4 has a polyhedral pattern in the top view of the plate-shaped semifinished product 1 (in the present case it is made up of several triangles), the reshaping will also result in a correspondingly spatially structured surface in the manner of a polyhedral structured spatial pattern. This will therefore consist of a multitude of polyhedron surfaces that are also angled in spatial dimension.
- the semifinished product 1 like the first exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, is a flat plate, into which a plurality of first cutouts 5 are made on the first surface 2 that are shown here schematically as U-shaped recesses.
- the recesses 5 can also have very different cross-sectional shapes, since the result of the reshaping can also be controlled via the cross-sectional shape of the recess 5.
- the cutouts 5 each extend approximately up to half the thickness of the semifinished product 1, the depth also being chosen only as an example.
- the recesses 5 can be designed as a series of bores that follow an imaginary line. However, it is also conceivable that, as in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, they extend linearly over the surface 2 of the semifinished product 1.
- FIG. 2b illustrates a third exemplary embodiment of a semifinished product 1, in which the predetermined bending point 4 has a first recess 5 and a second recess 6.
- the first recess 5 extends from the first surface 2 in the direction of the second surface 3 and the second recess 6 extends from the second surface 3 in the direction of the first surface 2.
- only one recess 5 or 6, wherein further recesses 5, 6 can of course also be present in further areas.
- the recesses 5, 6 of the predetermined bending point 4 are of essentially identical design and each extend about a third into the semifinished product 1.
- the predetermined bending point 4 thus has two recesses 5, 6 which are U-shaped in cross section and which form a net-like structure in the plan view of the semifinished product 1.
- the constriction along the predetermined bending point 4 leads to a reduced bending stiffness of the semifinished product 1 in this area.
- the cutouts 5, 6 on both sides are arranged here as an example congruent one above the other in the semifinished product 1. However, it is also conceivable to move the recess 5 in a targeted manner relative to the recess 6.
- FIG. 2c A fourth exemplary embodiment of a semifinished product 1 with a net-like predetermined bending point 4 is illustrated in FIG. 2c.
- Semi-finished product 1 has a perforation 7, which extends from the first surface 2 to the second surface 3 of the semi-finished product as an example through hole.
- the perforation 7 likewise brings about a local reduction in the bending stiffness, as a result of which the semifinished product 1 adheres to the relevant one
- the predetermined bending point is first plastically deformed when sufficient pressure is applied to the first surface 2 or the second surface 3 of the semifinished product 1.
- the semi-finished product 1 consists of a
- FIG. 3a illustrates a fifth exemplary embodiment of the semifinished product 1 according to the invention in the state before the plastic deformation of the semifinished product 1, while FIG. 3b shows the state after the plastic deformation and thus the finished component 10. Basically, this is similar
- Differential pressure device 13 positioned.
- the differential pressure device 13 has a left pressure chamber 13a and a right pressure chamber 13b.
- the semifinished product 1 corresponds to that from FIG. 1 and has the same predetermined bending point 4 designed as a polyhedral pattern.
- the actual application of pressure to the semifinished product 1 takes place inside the differential pressure device 13 after the semifinished product 1 has been clamped between the left and right pressure chambers 13a and 13b of the differential pressure device 13.
- the pressure chambers 13a and 13b are designed so that in the closed state they are one spatial
- the semi-finished product 1 is thus clamped between the left pressure chamber 13a and the right pressure chamber 13b of the differential pressure device 13 and in the right pressure chamber 13b with a suitable pressure medium 14, such as compressed air, water, oil, etc., acted upon.
- a suitable pressure medium 14 such as compressed air, water, oil, etc.
- the application of a pressure medium 14 takes place in such a way that a differential pressure forms between the right pressure chamber 13a and the left pressure chamber 13b of the differential pressure device 13 which is so great that the introduced semi-finished product 1 along its predetermined bending point 4 in the left part 13a of the differential pressure device 13 plastically formed into it.
- the completed plastic forming of the semifinished product 1 to the component 10 is shown in Fig. 4c. From Fig.
- a protective cover 9 was introduced between the right pressure chamber 13b and the semifinished product 1 or the finished component 10, which prevented direct contact of the pressure medium 14 with the semifinished product 1 during the manufacturing process.
- the arrangement of this protective cover 9 is not always necessary, but makes particular sense if e.g. An undesirable effect of the pressure medium 14 on the semi-finished product 1 is to be feared.
- FIG. 5 illustrates the spatially structured surface produced in this way in the finished component 10.
- the net-like predetermined bending point 4 made from a plurality of linear recesses 5 now forms the edges of spatially angled polyhedra (here triangular surfaces).
- the polyhedra thus emerge from the plane or shape of the original Semifinished product 1 spatially and form a spatially structured surface, which in the present case consists, for example, of individual angled triangular surfaces.
- Fig. 6 shows an embodiment of a semi-finished product 1 according to the invention with a pattern-shaped predetermined bending point 4, the recesses 5 of which sometimes have two to three different depths. These different depths are indicated in FIG. 6 by lines of different thicknesses. It is conceivable that a recess 5 initially has a depth of approximately one third of the thickness of the
- Semi-finished product 1 has. This initial depth of the recess 5 then increases in the course of the recess towards a node which is arranged centrally in the semifinished product and in which there are several linear ones
- the depth then increases to two thirds of the thickness of the semifinished product 1, indicated by the thickest line in FIG. 6.
- the areas with the greatest depth of the recess 5 will buckle accordingly earlier than the areas with a smaller recess depth.
- the variable depth of the cutouts allows the design scope to be increased considerably, as already explained above.
- FIG. 7 shows a section through a further exemplary embodiment of a finished component 10.
- Semi-finished layers 1a and 1 b has been produced. On the basis of the sectional view, only a first recess 5 per semi-finished layer 1a and 1b can be seen here, although the two predetermined bending lines 4 of the two semi-finished layers 1a and 1b naturally have a pattern-like structure in the area of the semi-finished layers 1a and 1b.
- the forming itself is done by creating pressure between the two in the
- the two semifinished layers 1 a and 1 b can also be connected by a frame-like web 15 at their outer edges.
- the predetermined bending points 4 of the two semi-finished layers 1a and 1b, as shown here, cannot be arranged congruently one above the other in the semi-finished layers 1a or 1b.
- FIGS. 9a to 9c using three different examples, depending on how the pressure is applied between the two semi-finished layers 1a and 1b, very different deformations can occur in the semi-finished products 1a and 1b.
- a uniform overpressure between the two layers of semifinished products 1a and 1b allows a component 10 to be convexly curved outwards, as is indicated in FIG. 9a by the dashed line. If a suppression is introduced between the two semifinished layers 1a and 1b, the deformation pattern shown in FIG. 9b can result.
- indentations and bulges in the semi-finished layers 1a and 1b can alternate along the pattern-shaped predetermined bending points 4 and their
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)
- Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102018218842.4A DE102018218842A1 (de) | 2018-11-05 | 2018-11-05 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines räumlich strukturierten Bauteils, Halbzeug zur Erzeugung eines solchen Bauteils und Bauteil mit einer räumlich strukturierten Oberfläche |
PCT/EP2019/079723 WO2020094486A1 (de) | 2018-11-05 | 2019-10-30 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines räumlich strukturierten bauteils, halbzeug zur erzeugung eines solchen bauteils und bauteil mit einer räumlich strukturierten oberfläche |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3852944A1 true EP3852944A1 (de) | 2021-07-28 |
Family
ID=68426460
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP19797664.0A Pending EP3852944A1 (de) | 2018-11-05 | 2019-10-30 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines räumlich strukturierten bauteils, halbzeug zur erzeugung eines solchen bauteils und bauteil mit einer räumlich strukturierten oberfläche |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20210354184A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3852944A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN113195125A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102018218842A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2020094486A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
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DE102021213010B4 (de) | 2021-11-18 | 2023-06-15 | Ipu Ingenieurgesellschaft Braunschweig Mbh | Verfahren zur formwerkzeugfreien Herstellung eines reliefierten Bauteils und reliefiertes Bauteil |
CN114368134B (zh) * | 2022-01-18 | 2023-12-29 | 宁波江丰复合材料科技有限公司 | 一种碳纤维管件的矫直方法 |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1257799A (de) * | 1968-09-04 | 1971-12-22 | ||
NL1000668C1 (nl) * | 1995-02-13 | 1996-08-16 | Sjoerd Meijer | Werkwijze voor het vervormen van een plaat en een hiertoe geschikte plaat. |
US6640605B2 (en) * | 1999-01-27 | 2003-11-04 | Milgo Industrial, Inc. | Method of bending sheet metal to form three-dimensional structures |
US6631630B1 (en) * | 2000-09-22 | 2003-10-14 | Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University | Hydroforming of composite materials |
DE102006052696B4 (de) * | 2006-11-07 | 2011-07-07 | ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG, 47166 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Umformen von Halbzeugen |
DE102009022669B3 (de) * | 2009-05-26 | 2010-12-30 | RW Sollinger Hütte GmbH | Verfahren zum Erzeugen eines räumlich gekrümmten Bleches aus einer ebenen Blechplatte zur Aufnahme einer Schotterbettverfüllung bei Bahnbrücken |
DE102010044074A1 (de) * | 2010-11-17 | 2012-05-24 | Steelworks Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren zum Umformen eines plattenförmigen Materials in ein dreidimensionales Objekt |
WO2012075430A1 (en) * | 2010-12-03 | 2012-06-07 | The Regents Of The University Of Colorado, A Body Corporate | Cut-fold shape technology for engineered molded fiber boards |
FR2982180A3 (fr) * | 2011-11-07 | 2013-05-10 | Peteghem Arthur Van | Procede de cintrage de profiles notamment tubulaires |
CN107848190B (zh) * | 2015-07-27 | 2020-09-01 | K·皮奇 | 单层折叠芯 |
-
2018
- 2018-11-05 DE DE102018218842.4A patent/DE102018218842A1/de active Pending
-
2019
- 2019-10-30 EP EP19797664.0A patent/EP3852944A1/de active Pending
- 2019-10-30 US US17/288,737 patent/US20210354184A1/en active Pending
- 2019-10-30 WO PCT/EP2019/079723 patent/WO2020094486A1/de unknown
- 2019-10-30 CN CN201980080924.8A patent/CN113195125A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2020094486A1 (de) | 2020-05-14 |
DE102018218842A1 (de) | 2020-05-07 |
US20210354184A1 (en) | 2021-11-18 |
CN113195125A (zh) | 2021-07-30 |
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