EP3838528B1 - Stave, wood barrel with stave and method of making staves - Google Patents

Stave, wood barrel with stave and method of making staves Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3838528B1
EP3838528B1 EP20000467.9A EP20000467A EP3838528B1 EP 3838528 B1 EP3838528 B1 EP 3838528B1 EP 20000467 A EP20000467 A EP 20000467A EP 3838528 B1 EP3838528 B1 EP 3838528B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stave
barrel
individual segments
crude
staves
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP20000467.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3838528A1 (en
Inventor
Josef Ballweg
Albrecht Dawidziak
Frederic Colliou
Hermann Schäfer
Klaus Weisenseel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Michael Weinig AG
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Michael Weinig AG
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Publication of EP3838528A1 publication Critical patent/EP3838528A1/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27HBENDING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; COOPERAGE; MAKING WHEELS FROM WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL
    • B27H3/00Manufacture of constructional elements of tubes, coops, or barrels
    • B27H3/02Manufacture of barrel staves
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27HBENDING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; COOPERAGE; MAKING WHEELS FROM WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL
    • B27H5/00Manufacture of tubes, coops, or barrels
    • B27H5/02Building up with staves
    • B27H5/04Forming staves into the final shape and assembling same
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27HBENDING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; COOPERAGE; MAKING WHEELS FROM WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL
    • B27H5/00Manufacture of tubes, coops, or barrels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27HBENDING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; COOPERAGE; MAKING WHEELS FROM WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL
    • B27H5/00Manufacture of tubes, coops, or barrels
    • B27H5/02Building up with staves
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D9/00Containers having bodies formed by interconnecting or uniting two or more rigid, or substantially rigid, components made wholly or mainly of wood or substitutes therefor
    • B65D9/02Containers of curved cross-section, e.g. cylindrical boxes
    • B65D9/04Containers of curved cross-section, e.g. cylindrical boxes made up of staves, e.g. barrels for liquids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a barrel stave according to the preamble of claim 1, a wooden barrel according to claim 8 and a method for producing barrel staves according to claim 9.
  • a barrel stave such a wooden barrel and such a method are known from the document CN110653903A known.
  • the object of the invention is to be able to produce the barrel staves and the wooden barrels inexpensively in a manner that saves on raw materials.
  • the stave according to the invention is characterized in that it is composed of individual segments which are firmly connected to one another at the front.
  • the individual segments are shorter pieces of wood that are put together in such a way that the stave can have the length required to make the wooden barrel. This way you can also use leftovers be used so that the wooden barrels can be produced in a way that saves on raw materials.
  • the raw barrel stave formed from the assembled individual segments is too long.
  • the respective individual end element is separated before or after the assembly of the raw barrel stave to such an extent that the raw barrel stave has the desired length.
  • the individual segments are advantageously connected to one another in a form-fitting manner at the front.
  • the individual segments are firmly connected to form a stave.
  • the form fit must act primarily in the longitudinal direction of the stave and can be done in various ways, for example by a kind of dovetail connection or by so-called click profiles. Tongue-and-groove or finger-joint connections can be used as material or non-positive connections using a food-grade adhesive.
  • At least one end face of the individual segments is designed to be inclined at an acute angle to a plane running perpendicularly to the outside of the individual segments.
  • the individual segments are connected to one another in abutting manner in such a way that they extend at an angle to one another by the angle of inclination of the end faces. If several individual segments are put together in this way, the result is a barrel stave that is approximately curved over its length.
  • the form-fitting connection between the individual segments can advantageously be designed in such a way that adjacent individual segments lie flat against one another with their inclined end faces.
  • the staves formed from the individual segments have a high level of strength and stability. In particular, this prevents individual segments from becoming detached from one another in the connection area.
  • the individual segments located at the two ends of the stave advantageously do not have a form-fitting element on their free front side, but are, for example, designed flat. These free end faces of the individual end segments then form the upper and lower edges of the wooden barrel, which is formed by the barrel staves.
  • connection between the individual segments not only in a form-fitting manner, but also in a material-fitting manner, for example with an adhesive. This results in perfect tightness of the connecting areas between the adjacent individual segments.
  • the barrel staves can be placed flat against each other with their narrow sides running in the longitudinal direction during the manufacture of the wooden barrels.
  • the wooden barrel according to the invention is characterized in that it can be assembled from barrel staves, which in turn are formed from individual segments, in an efficient and resource-saving manner. They can be put together very easily and with little effort to form a barrel stave.
  • the individual segments formed by wooden parts are first joined end to end to form a raw barrel stave.
  • this can be done by telescoping and pressing in the transverse direction or in the case of a finger-joint connection with the addition of the adhesive by pressing together in the longitudinal direction.
  • the assembly can be carried out mechanically, semi-automatically or manually.
  • the individual segments are simply clicked into each other in a longitudinal arrangement.
  • the method according to the invention enables the raw barrel staves to be manufactured in a simple, cost-effective and material-saving manner.
  • a particularly simple procedure results when the individual segments are machined on the face side in such a way that individual segments lying next to one another run at an angle to one another after they have been joined.
  • the angled position of the individual segments relative to one another results in a barrel stave that is curved along its length.
  • Straight wooden parts are advantageously used as individual segments.
  • the curvature is not continuous, but consists of individual straight sections lying at an angle to one another.
  • the raw barrel staves can then be processed on their upper side and on their underside in a continuous process to form an outer or inner side that is convexly or concavely curved over their length.
  • the continuous process enables the barrel stave to be manufactured efficiently, quickly and cost-effectively.
  • the raw barrel stave formed after the assembly of the individual segments is transported through a processing machine with a first narrow side resting on a support.
  • the two long sides of the raw barrel stave forming the outside and the inside of the finished stave are each machined with at least one tool. These two tools grip the raw barrel stave on the opposite long sides.
  • the two tools rotate around their axes and process the two long sides with great precision. With the processing machine effective, quick and accurate processing of the raw barrel staves is guaranteed.
  • the outside of the barrel stave which is convex transversely to the longitudinal direction, is produced with one tool and the inside of the stave, which is concave transversely to the longitudinal direction, is produced with the other tool.
  • the corresponding tools accordingly have a concave or convex working area.
  • the two tools are moved in a controlled manner during the passage of the raw barrel stave through the processing machine according to the curvature of the raw barrel stave transversely to the feed direction in order to obtain the desired curvature over the length of the raw barrel stave.
  • the exposed second narrow side of the raw barrel stave is advantageously processed in the same processing machine with at least one additional tool.
  • the raw barrel stave is thus processed on three sides as it passes through the first processing machine.
  • the curved raw barrel stave is transported linearly through the processing machine, which can accordingly be designed in a structurally simple manner.
  • At least one guide groove extending in the feed direction is advantageously made in the first narrow side.
  • a lower horizontal spindle can be provided in the processing machine, on which a groove milling tool is seated, with which the guide groove can be milled in the first narrow side.
  • a machine-side guide web extending in the feed direction can engage in the guide groove, so that the raw barrel stave, which is curved in its longitudinal direction, can be transported linearly through the processing machine without any problems with the aid of feed elements.
  • the raw barrel stave After passing through the processing machine, the raw barrel stave, which has been processed on three sides, is turned in such a way that the first narrow side having the guide groove is exposed and can be processed with a suitable tool, the guide groove also being removed. Then the barrel stave is finished and can be used to make the wooden barrel.
  • the partially processed raw barrel stave is guided with both ends against a stop. It runs parallel to the feed direction and ensures that the partially processed raw barrel stave is guided reliably when processing its corresponding narrow side.
  • the partially machined raw barrel stave is thus perfectly supported between the stop and the guide during the machining of the second narrow side.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a wooden barrel 1, which is composed of barrel staves 2. They are curved over their length and lie against one another in a liquid-tight manner with their narrow longitudinal sides in a known manner. They are surrounded by a plurality of rings from the upper to the lower end on the outside, as a result of which the staves 2 are securely connected to one another.
  • the barrel staves are composed of individual segments, making it possible to manufacture the wooden barrels 1 efficiently and in a way that saves on raw materials.
  • the Figures 3 to 5 show an example of a stave 2, which is composed of five segments 2a to 2e. They can have the same or different lengths.
  • the individual segments 2a to 2e are straight. They are placed together in a form-fitting manner to form the barrel stave 2.
  • the end faces 5, 15, with which the segments 2a to 2e abut one another, are formed at an angle, which is explained below with reference to FIG 2 is described.
  • the segments are advantageously pre-planed on 4 sides and cut in length.
  • FIG. 2 shows one of the segments, which is provided on both end faces 5, 15 with a form-fitting element 3, 4 each.
  • the two form-fitting elements 3, 4 are of complementary design and form within the barrel stave 2 a dovetail joint between adjacent segments.
  • the form-fitting element 3 protrudes beyond the one end face 5 of the segment 2b and has two projections 3a, 3b which diverge from one another and have end faces 6, 7 which run in alignment. Both projections 3a, 3b protrude from a foot part 8 adjoining the end face 5 of the segment 2b, the side walls 9, 10 of which continuously curve in opposite directions and merge into the end face 5 of the segment 2b.
  • the transitions of the side walls 9,10 to the end face 5 and the end faces 6, 7 of the projections 3a and 3b and the projections 3a and 3b are each formed with radii.
  • the foot part 8 of the form-fitting element 3 is advantageously approximately half the thickness 13 of the segment 2b.
  • the foot part 8 has such a thickness that the segments 2a to 2e put together have a sufficiently high strength.
  • the form-fitting elements 3 extend over the entire width 14 of the segment ( 4 ).
  • the form-locking element 4 located on the other end face 15 of the segment 2b is designed as a depression that is complementary to the form-locking element 3 ( Figure 2a ).
  • the form-fitting element 4 is provided with correspondingly shaped and arranged indentations 16, 17. In the assembled position, the outer contour of the form-fitting element 3 rests against the inner contour of the form-fitting element 4 .
  • the end face 5 having the form-fitting element 3 is at a small acute angle ⁇ to a plane 20 ( Figure 2a ).
  • the opposite end face 15 of the segment 2b is inclined at the same angle ⁇ with respect to a plane 20a running perpendicularly to the top and bottom sides 21, 22, but in the opposite direction to the end face 5.
  • the segments 2a to 2e are plugged together to form the stave 2, adjacent segments are inclined by the angle ⁇ to one another.
  • the size of the angle ⁇ determines the curvature of the segments 2a to 2e to be produced stave 2. This curvature of the stave 2 is from the Figures 3 to 5 apparent.
  • the curvature of the stave results from the height of the barrel and the size of its bulbous shape.
  • the number of segments and the angle ⁇ must be selected accordingly.
  • the stave 2 composed of the segments has a discontinuous shape in the raw state.
  • the Figures 3 and 4 Barrel stave 2 shown in the raw state still processed after being put together.
  • the machine used to process the barrel stave 2 is shown only schematically. This machine is a continuous machine in which the staves 2 are processed on their sides during their transport through the machine.
  • the barrel staves 2 lie on a narrow side 23 on a machine table (not shown).
  • corresponding advancing elements such as feed rollers, are provided, which load the staves 2 resting on the machine table against the machine table and promote them in the advancing direction.
  • the machine In the entry area, the machine has a lower, horizontal spindle on which a tool sits in a rotationally fixed manner, with which the narrow side 23 ( 6 ) at least one groove 24 is milled. How out 6 shows, several mutually parallel grooves 24 are milled into the narrow side 23 of the stave 2 .
  • the machine table is interrupted in the area of the lower horizontal spindle, so that the tool sitting on it can mill the grooves 24.
  • the machine bed of the machine is provided in the feed direction behind the lower horizontal spindle with protruding webs running in the feed direction, which engage in the grooves 24 and thereby guide the stave 2 as it passes through the machine.
  • FIG. 8 shows a plan view of the still unmachined stave 2, whose longitudinal sides 21, 22 forming the top and bottom are machined with a right-hand tool 25 and a left-hand tool 26. Both tools 25, 26 are seated in a rotationally fixed manner on vertical spindles which are rotatably driven in the feed direction 27 as the barrel stave 2 passes through.
  • the grooves 24 extend parallel to the feed direction 27.
  • the axes of rotation 28, 29 of the tools 25, 26 and their engagement areas on the stave 2 are advantageously in the feed direction 27 at a small distance behind or opposite one another. This results in high machining accuracy.
  • Both tools 25, 26 are profile tools with which the longitudinal sides 21, 22 are milled with the convex or concave contour in the transverse direction.
  • the long sides 21, 22 form the outside and the inside of the stave 2.
  • Both tools 25, 26 can be adjusted in a controlled manner transversely to the feed direction 27 in the adjustment direction 30, 31, so that they can produce the curved shape as the barrel stave 2 passes through the machine.
  • the transport path of the individual stave is recorded in a known manner by the machine and the tools 25, 26 are adjusted via the machine control according to the specified curvature so that the stave 2 has the desired continuously curved outside and inside after processing.
  • the thickness 13 of the stave 2 is taken into account, so that only so much material is removed that the stave 2 has a sufficient thickness over its length.
  • the left tool 26 with which the outer contour of the stave 2 is produced is designed in such a way that it has a concavely curved milling area 32 .
  • the right-hand tool 25, with which the inner contour of the stave 2 is produced, is accordingly designed in such a way that it has a convexly curved milling area 33.
  • the axial length of the tools 25, 26 is greater than the width 14 of the stave 2, which is thereby processed by the two tools 25, 26 over its entire width.
  • the stave 2 is also machined by an upper tool 34 ( 6 ).
  • the narrow side 35 opposite the narrow side 23 is machined with the tool 34 . Since the narrow side 35 is at an angle to the horizontal, the axis of rotation 36 of the tool 34 is also inclined accordingly.
  • the tool 34 is a planing tool which is driven to rotate about its axis 36 and planes the narrow side 35 flat.
  • the tool 34 Since the barrel stave 2 is curved over its length, the tool 34 has such an axial length that it can machine the curved narrow side 35 over the length of the barrel stave 2 . As a result, it is not necessary to adjust the tool 34 in the direction of its axis of rotation 36 when processing the stave 2 .
  • the tool 34 is advantageously located behind the two tools 25, 26 in the feed direction 27.
  • the upper tool 34 can be adjusted relative to the machine table on which the stave 2 is supported as it passes through the machine.
  • the tool 34 can also be adjusted to adapt to different angles of inclination of the narrow side 35, so that the axis of rotation 36 of the tool 34 can be adjusted to different angles of inclination of the narrow side 35 .
  • the number of staves required is determined by the width of the individual staves and the angle of inclination of the narrow side 35 is determined by the number of staves.
  • the barrel stave 2 is finished by means of the tools 25 , 26 , 34 on the inner and outer contours and on the narrow side 35 .
  • the narrow side 23 with the grooves 24 is then machined on a second machine.
  • the partially finished barrel stave 2 is turned in such a way that it rests with its machined narrow side 35 on the machine bed of the second machine. In contrast to the first machine, this machine bed has no protruding webs.
  • a left-hand guide 37 and a right-hand stop 38 are provided to guide the stave 2 ( 7 and 9).
  • the guide 37 extends parallel to the feed direction 27 and rests on the machine bed. At this left guide 37, seen in the direction of advance 27, the stave 2 is about half the length at the highest point of the convex curvature.
  • the stave 2 rests with its two ends on the opposite stop 38, as can be seen from FIG.
  • the stop 38 also extends in the feed direction 27 and is arranged inclined in such a way that the stave 2 rests in the region of its end face 18 and close to the end face 19 . Since the side of the stave 2 facing the stop 38 is concavely curved, the stave 2 rests against the stop 38 only with its end regions 39 , 40 .
  • the stop 38 has a greater height than the guide 37 ( 7 ).
  • the stop 37 is provided on the machine so that it can be adjusted transversely to the feed direction 27, so that it can be adjusted to different degrees curved staves 2 can be adjusted.
  • the inclination of the stop 38 can be adjusted to adapt to different angles of inclination of the narrow side.
  • the stop 38 For processing barrel staves 2 of different widths, it is expedient for the stop 38 to have a height corresponding to the greatest width of the barrel stave.
  • the narrow side 23 of the stave 2 having the grooves 24 is machined with a tool 41 which is driven to rotate about its axis 42 and is preferably a planing tool with which the narrow side 23 is milled in such a way that the grooves 24 are removed.
  • the axis of rotation 42 of the tool 41 is inclined so that the narrow side 23 can be machined with the appropriate angle of inclination.
  • the axial length of the tool 41 is so great that the narrow side 23 can be machined over the entire length of the stave 2 without the tool 41 having to be adjusted.
  • the height of the tool 41 can advantageously be adjusted transversely to the machine table.
  • the second machine has feed elements with which the stave 2 can be transported through the machine.
  • the feed elements are advantageously feed rollers, which rest in a known manner on the narrow side 23 of the stave 2 and transport them in the feed direction 27 lying on the machine table.
  • the stave 2 is here supported in the manner described on the guide 37 and the stop 38, which are on opposite sides of the upright barrel stave 2.
  • the feed rollers are also arranged at an incline and can be adjusted or pivoted according to the incline angle of the narrow side, so that they rest neatly on the entire narrow side 23 . In this context, it must be taken into account that the inclination is different before and after the machining by the tool 41 .
  • the finished barrel staves ( figure 5 ) are then assembled in a known manner to form the wooden barrel 1.
  • Adjacent staves are here with their narrow sides 23, 35 abutting each other.
  • the narrow sides 23, 35 can be provided with form-fitting elements, for example to achieve a v-shaped tongue and groove connection.
  • the tools 36, 41 that machine the narrow sides 23, 35 are not planing tools, but profiling tools, with which the corresponding form-fitting elements can be produced over the length of the narrow sides 23, 35.
  • the tools 34, 41 can be adjusted in a controlled manner transversely to the feed direction 27 in the direction of their axis of rotation 36, 42 while the staves 2 are passing through the machine, in order to attach the corresponding positive-locking elements over the curved length of the narrow sides 23, 35.
  • the narrow sides 23, 35 can be connected by means of glue or the staves can be assembled with the interposition of sealing elements.
  • the production of the wooden barrels 1 by means of the staves 2 saves a lot of raw materials because the staves 2 can be assembled from individual segments 2a to 2e. So remnants for the production of the staves 2 can be used. In this way, the leftover wood that often occurs during woodworking can be optimally used for the production of the barrel staves 2 and thus the wooden barrels 1 .
  • the raw wood can be used more effectively because the pieces are comparatively short can be used that are of high quality and free of cracks and can be sawn from the raw wood without sacrificing a favorable grain flow.
  • only a percentage of the log can be used to obtain the raw staves of the required quality, without cracks and with the appropriate fiber flow.
  • the frontal connection of the segments 2a to 2e can be carried out with and without adhesive.
  • the wooden barrel 1 can be produced very inexpensively without this being associated with disadvantages in terms of stability or tightness.
  • the positive-locking elements 3, 4 can also be designed in such a way that a keyhole profile results.
  • Such a design of the form-fitting elements 3, 4 also makes it possible to put the segments 2a to 2e together at an angle.
  • a further possibility is to introduce finger joints into the end faces of the segments 2a to 2e.
  • abutting segments 2a to 2e interlock with their finger joints.
  • This finger joint is then made with the aid of an adhesive, so that adjacent segments 2a to 2e are firmly connected to one another.
  • connecting elements can also be used, such as those used in furniture or frame construction, e.g. B. Double dovetail/double wedge. Then only the corresponding counter-shape has to be introduced into the individual segments as an indentation.
  • the form-fitting elements on the front can be machined using conventional machining methods and machines, for example double-end tenoners, CNC machining centres, tenoning and slotting machines.
  • the manufacturing costs of the wooden barrel are further reduced since the barrel-shaping work step, as required in conventional wooden barrel manufacture, is eliminated. In particular, broken wood is avoided, which often occurs when shaping barrels.
  • the segments 2a to 2e do not have to have exactly the same thickness and/or width. With the tools 25, 26; 34, 41 unequal thicknesses and/or widths are eliminated.
  • the straight raw barrel staves are processed in a known manner in a linear, straight throughput process.
  • the tools are adjusted transversely to the feed direction during the run.
  • the tools are arranged at an incline according to the desired incline of the narrow sides and, if required, can also be adjusted in their incline in a controlled manner while the barrel stave 2 is passing through.
  • the advantage of using curved raw barrel staves which already have the ready-to-install curvature, also lies in the simpler processing described.
  • the tools for processing the narrow sides only have to be adjusted radially, axially and in their inclination, but remain rigid when the stave passes through the machine and do not have to be adjusted in a controlled manner. This significantly reduces the control effort and the effort for detecting the workpiece position during the run.
  • the barrel staves Immediately after processing, have the flat narrow sides with which they lie close together when the barrel is assembled.
  • curved raw barrel stave instead of straight segment pieces, which are machined at an angle on the front side and lie against one another at an angle, it is also possible to use curved segments in the longitudinal direction, which are joined together on the front side at right angles or at a different angle.
  • millings for a lid can be attached at the upper and/or lower end.
  • the visible outside of the staves 2 can be sanded.
  • slots or perforations can be introduced into the inside of the barrel stave 2 to increase the surface area.
  • the narrow side 23 with the grooves 24 can already be processed in the first machine. It has another lower spindle on which sits a planing tool with which the grooves 24 can be removed in the manner described.
  • the spindle is inclined accordingly.
  • the machine table or the workpiece support is advantageously also arranged inclined in the area after this lower spindle.
  • the workpieces can be picked up by a transport unit in the area of this lower spindle, by means of which they are transported in the feed direction for processing.
  • the top and bottom 21, 22 of the raw barrel staves 2 are processed in the manner described on the first machine.
  • the second machine is designed in such a way that special support elements receive the curved, partially processed or raw stave 2 in the exact position from below and transport it linearly through the second machine.
  • the machine is equipped with a chain feed for transport, on which the support elements are provided. With this feed, the barrel staves are processed on their narrow sides 23, 35 as they pass through inclined right and left tools.
  • the barrel staves 2 can, for example, be fed in by robots and removed with robots.
  • the upper and lower sides 21, 22 of the staves 2 are advantageously again processed in the manner described on the first machine.
  • the second machine has a machine table which has a support for the stave 2 which extends in a curved manner corresponding to the curvature of the stave 2 .
  • the Barrel staves 2 are not transported linearly through the machine, but rather along the machine table, which is curved in the feed direction.
  • the stave 2 is processed on its narrow sides 23, 35 with a left and a right tool during its passage.
  • the tools are adjusted transversely to the feed direction during the run.
  • the tools are arranged inclined according to the desired inclination of the narrow sides and, if required, can also be adjusted in their inclination in a controlled manner while the barrel stave 2 is passing through the second machine. As described, this procedure is known in today's processing of straight barrel staves.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Fassdaube nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1, ein Holzfass nach Anspruch 8 sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Fassdauben nach Anspruch 9. Eine solche Fassdaube, ein solches Holzfass und ein solches Verfahren sind aus dem Dokument CN110653903A bekannt.The invention relates to a barrel stave according to the preamble of claim 1, a wooden barrel according to claim 8 and a method for producing barrel staves according to claim 9. Such a barrel stave, such a wooden barrel and such a method are known from the document CN110653903A known.

Es ist bekannt, Holzfässer aus gekrümmt verlaufenden Fassdauben zu bilden, die mit ihren Längsseiten dicht aneinander liegen. Die Fassdauben erstrecken sich über die Höhe des Holzfasses und werden üblicherweise nahe dem oberen und dem unteren Ende von einem Ring umgeben, mit dem die Fassdauben zusammengehalten werden. Die Fassdauben werden in der Regel entlang der natürlichen Fasern des Holzes gespalten. Bei der Fassherstellung werden sie in einem Dampfbiegeverfahren in eine gewölbte Form gebracht und mit den Ringen zusammengehalten. Bei der Herstellung der Holzfässer fallen viele Reststücke an, die nicht genutzt werden und Abfall darstellen.It is known to form wooden barrels from curved barrel staves that lie close together with their long sides. The staves extend the height of the wooden barrel and are usually surrounded near the top and bottom by a ring that holds the staves together. The staves are usually split along the natural fibers of the wood. During the manufacture of the barrels, they are brought into a curved shape in a steam bending process and held together with the rings. During the production of the wooden barrels, there are many leftovers that are not used and represent waste.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Fassdauben und die Holzfässer in rohstoffsparender Weise kostengünstig herstellen zu können.The object of the invention is to be able to produce the barrel staves and the wooden barrels inexpensively in a manner that saves on raw materials.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei der gattungsgemäßen Fassdaube erfindungsgemäß mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruches 1, beim Holzfass erfindungsgemäß mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 8 und beim Verfahren erfindungsgemäß mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 9 gelöst.This object is achieved according to the invention with the generic barrel stave with the characterizing features of claim 1, with the wooden barrel according to the invention with the features of claim 8 and with the method according to the invention with the features of claim 9.

Die erfindungsgemäße Fassdaube zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass sie aus Einzelsegmenten zusammengesetzt wird, die stirnseitig miteinander fest verbunden sind. Die Einzelsegmente sind kürzere Holzstücke, die so zusammengesetzt werden, dass die Fassdaube die zur Herstellung des Holzfasses notwendige Länge haben kann. Auf diese Weise können auch Reststücke verwendet werden, so dass die Holzfässer rohstoffsparend hergestellt werden können. In der Regel ist die aus den zusammengefügten Einzelsegmenten gebildete Rohfassdaube zu lang. Das jeweilige endseitige Einzelelement wird vor oder nach dem Zusammensetzen der Rohfassdaube so weit abgetrennt, dass die Rohfassdaube die gewünschte Länge hat.The stave according to the invention is characterized in that it is composed of individual segments which are firmly connected to one another at the front. The individual segments are shorter pieces of wood that are put together in such a way that the stave can have the length required to make the wooden barrel. This way you can also use leftovers be used so that the wooden barrels can be produced in a way that saves on raw materials. As a rule, the raw barrel stave formed from the assembled individual segments is too long. The respective individual end element is separated before or after the assembly of the raw barrel stave to such an extent that the raw barrel stave has the desired length.

Die Einzelsegmente werden in vorteilhafter Weise stirnseitig formschlüssig miteinander verbunden. Dadurch sind die Einzelsegmente fest zur Fassdaube miteinander verbunden. Der Formschluss muss hinsichtlich der späteren Belastung primär in Längsrichtung der Fassdaube wirken und kann auf verschiedene Weise erfolgen, beispielsweise durch eine Art Schwalbenschwanz-Verbindung oder durch sogenannte Klickprofile. Nut-Feder- oder Keilzinkenverbindungen kommen unter Einsatz eines lebensmitteltauglichen Klebemittels als stoff- bzw. kraftschlüssige Verbindungen in Frage.The individual segments are advantageously connected to one another in a form-fitting manner at the front. As a result, the individual segments are firmly connected to form a stave. With regard to the later load, the form fit must act primarily in the longitudinal direction of the stave and can be done in various ways, for example by a kind of dovetail connection or by so-called click profiles. Tongue-and-groove or finger-joint connections can be used as material or non-positive connections using a food-grade adhesive.

Bei einer einfachen Ausgestaltung sind die Einzelsegmente gerade ausgebildet.In a simple configuration, the individual segments are straight.

Bei einer vorteilhaften Ausbildung ist zumindest die eine Stirnseite der Einzelsegmente unter einem spitzen Winkel geneigt zu einer senkrecht zur Außenseite der Einzelsegmente verlaufenden Ebene ausgebildet. Dadurch werden die Einzelsegmente derart aneinanderstoßend miteinander verbunden, dass sie um den Neigungswinkel der Stirnseiten geneigt zueinander verlaufen. Werden auf diese Weise mehrere Einzelsegmente aneinandergesetzt, dann ergibt sich eine Fassdaube, die über ihre Länge annähernd gekrümmt verläuft.In an advantageous embodiment, at least one end face of the individual segments is designed to be inclined at an acute angle to a plane running perpendicularly to the outside of the individual segments. As a result, the individual segments are connected to one another in abutting manner in such a way that they extend at an angle to one another by the angle of inclination of the end faces. If several individual segments are put together in this way, the result is a barrel stave that is approximately curved over its length.

Die Formschlussverbindung zwischen den Einzelsegmenten kann in vorteilhafter Weise so gestaltet sein, dass benachbarte Einzelsegmente mit ihren geneigt verlaufenden Stirnseiten flächig aneinanderliegen. Dadurch haben die aus den Einzelsegmenten gebildeten Fassdauben eine hohe Festigkeit und Stabilität. Insbesondere wird dadurch verhindert, dass Einzelsegmente im Verbindungsbereich sich voneinander lösen.The form-fitting connection between the individual segments can advantageously be designed in such a way that adjacent individual segments lie flat against one another with their inclined end faces. As a result, the staves formed from the individual segments have a high level of strength and stability. In particular, this prevents individual segments from becoming detached from one another in the connection area.

Die an den beiden Enden der Fassdaube befindlichen Einzelsegmente weisen vorteilhaft an ihrer freien Stirnseite kein Formschlusselement auf, sondern sind beispielsweise eben gestaltet. Diese freien Stirnseiten der endseitigen Einzelsegmente bilden dann den oberen und den unteren Rand des Holzfasses, das durch die Fassdauben gebildet wird.The individual segments located at the two ends of the stave advantageously do not have a form-fitting element on their free front side, but are, for example, designed flat. These free end faces of the individual end segments then form the upper and lower edges of the wooden barrel, which is formed by the barrel staves.

Mit der Formschlussverbindung ist es auch in sehr einfacher Weise möglich, die Einzelsegmente ausreichend dicht miteinander zu verbinden, so dass der Fassinhalt nicht über die Formschlussverbindungen nach außen austreten kann.With the positive connection, it is also possible in a very simple manner to connect the individual segments to one another sufficiently tightly so that the contents of the barrel cannot escape to the outside via the positive connection.

Es ist möglich, die Verbindung zwischen den Einzelsegmenten nicht nur formschlüssig, sondern zusätzlich auch stoffschlüssig, beispielsweise mit einem Klebemittel, miteinander zu verbinden. Dann ergibt sich eine einwandfreie Dichtheit der Verbindungsbereiche zwischen den benachbarten Einzelsegmenten.It is possible to connect the connection between the individual segments not only in a form-fitting manner, but also in a material-fitting manner, for example with an adhesive. This results in perfect tightness of the connecting areas between the adjacent individual segments.

Die Fassdauben können mit ihren in Längsrichtung verlaufenden Schmalseiten bei der Herstellung der Holzfässer flächig aneinandergesetzt werden. Es besteht aber auch die Möglichkeit, an diesen Schmalseiten Formschlusselemente vorzusehen, mit denen benachbarte Fassdauben dichtend aneinander gesetzt werden können. Dadurch wird eine sehr hohe Festigkeit des Holzfasses und eine zuverlässige Dichtung erzielt.The barrel staves can be placed flat against each other with their narrow sides running in the longitudinal direction during the manufacture of the wooden barrels. However, there is also the possibility of providing positive-locking elements on these narrow sides, with which adjacent staves can be placed against one another in a sealing manner. This results in a very high strength of the wooden barrel and a reliable seal.

Das erfindungsgemäße Holzfass zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass es effizient und rohstoffsparend aus Fassdauben zusammengesetzt werden kann, die ihrerseits aus Einzelsegmenten gebildet sind. Sie lassen sich sehr einfach und mit geringem Aufwand zur Fassdaube zusammensetzen.The wooden barrel according to the invention is characterized in that it can be assembled from barrel staves, which in turn are formed from individual segments, in an efficient and resource-saving manner. They can be put together very easily and with little effort to form a barrel stave.

Beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren werden die durch Holzteile gebildeten Einzelsegmente zunächst stirnseitig aneinanderliegend zu einer Rohfassdaube zusammengefügt. Je nach Ausbildung der stirnseitigen Verbindung kann dies durch Ineinanderschieben und Einpressen in Querrichtung oder bei einer Keilzinkenverbindung unter Zugabe des Klebemittels durch Zusammenpressen in Längsrichtung erfolgen. Das Zusammenfügen kann maschinell, teilmaschinell oder manuell ausgeführt werden. Beim Einsatz eines Klickprofils werden die einzelnen Segmente in Längsanordnung einfach ineinander geklickt. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ermöglicht eine einfache, kosten- und materialsparende Fertigung der Rohfassdauben.In the method according to the invention, the individual segments formed by wooden parts are first joined end to end to form a raw barrel stave. Depending on the design of the frontal connection, this can be done by telescoping and pressing in the transverse direction or in the case of a finger-joint connection with the addition of the adhesive by pressing together in the longitudinal direction. The assembly can be carried out mechanically, semi-automatically or manually. When using a click profile, the individual segments are simply clicked into each other in a longitudinal arrangement. The method according to the invention enables the raw barrel staves to be manufactured in a simple, cost-effective and material-saving manner.

Eine besonders einfache Verfahrensweise ergibt sich, wenn die Einzelsegmente stirnseitig so bearbeitet werden, dass aneinanderliegende Einzelsegmente nach dem Zusammenfügen winklig zueinander verlaufen. Durch die winklige Lage der Einzelsegmente relativ zueinander ergibt sich eine Fassdaube, die über ihre Länge gekrümmt verläuft.A particularly simple procedure results when the individual segments are machined on the face side in such a way that individual segments lying next to one another run at an angle to one another after they have been joined. The angled position of the individual segments relative to one another results in a barrel stave that is curved along its length.

Vorteilhaft werden als Einzelsegmente gerade Holzteile verwendet. Hierbei ist die Krümmung nicht stetig, sondern besteht aus einzelnen geraden, winklig zueinander liegenden Abschnitten.Straight wooden parts are advantageously used as individual segments. Here, the curvature is not continuous, but consists of individual straight sections lying at an angle to one another.

Bei einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform können die Rohfassdauben anschließend zur Bildung einer über ihre Länge konvex bzw. konkav gekrümmt verlaufenden Außen- bzw. Innenseite an ihrer Oberseite und an ihrer Unterseite im Durchlaufverfahren bearbeitet werden. Das Durchlaufverfahren ermöglicht eine effiziente, schnelle und kostengünstige Herstellung der Fassdaube.In an advantageous embodiment, the raw barrel staves can then be processed on their upper side and on their underside in a continuous process to form an outer or inner side that is convexly or concavely curved over their length. The continuous process enables the barrel stave to be manufactured efficiently, quickly and cost-effectively.

Die nach dem Zusammensetzen der Einzelsegmente gebildete Rohfassdaube wird mit einer ersten Schmalseite auf einer Auflage aufliegend durch eine Bearbeitungsmaschine transportiert. Beim Durchlauf werden die beiden die Außen- und die Innenseite der fertigen Fassdaube bildenden Längsseiten der Rohfassdaube mit jeweils wenigstens einem Werkzeug bearbeitet. Diese beiden Werkzeuge greifen an den einander gegenüberliegenden Längsseiten in die Rohfassdaube ein. Während des Durchlaufes der Rohfassdaube rotieren die beiden Werkzeuge um ihre Achsen und bearbeiten die beiden Längsseiten mit hoher Genauigkeit. Mit der Bearbeitungsmaschine ist eine effektive, rasche und genaue Bearbeitung der Rohfassdauben gewährleistet.The raw barrel stave formed after the assembly of the individual segments is transported through a processing machine with a first narrow side resting on a support. During the passage, the two long sides of the raw barrel stave forming the outside and the inside of the finished stave are each machined with at least one tool. These two tools grip the raw barrel stave on the opposite long sides. During the passage of the raw barrel stave, the two tools rotate around their axes and process the two long sides with great precision. With the processing machine effective, quick and accurate processing of the raw barrel staves is guaranteed.

Vorteilhaft wird mit dem einen Werkzeug die quer zur Längsrichtung konvexe Außenseite und mit dem anderen Werkzeug die quer zur Längsrichtung konkave Innenseite der Fassdaube erzeugt. Die entsprechenden Werkzeuge haben dementsprechend einen konkaven bzw. konvexen Arbeitsbereich.Advantageously, the outside of the barrel stave, which is convex transversely to the longitudinal direction, is produced with one tool and the inside of the stave, which is concave transversely to the longitudinal direction, is produced with the other tool. The corresponding tools accordingly have a concave or convex working area.

Da die Rohfassdaube über ihre Länge gekrümmt verläuft, werden die beiden Werkzeuge während des Durchlaufes der Rohfassdaube durch die Bearbeitungsmaschine entsprechend der Krümmung der Rohfassdaube quer zur Vorschubrichtung gesteuert bewegt, um über die Länge der Rohfassdaube die gewünschte Krümmung zu erhalten.Since the raw barrel stave is curved over its length, the two tools are moved in a controlled manner during the passage of the raw barrel stave through the processing machine according to the curvature of the raw barrel stave transversely to the feed direction in order to obtain the desired curvature over the length of the raw barrel stave.

Vorteilhaft wird in der gleichen Bearbeitungsmaschine mit wenigstens einem weiteren Werkzeug die freiliegende zweite Schmalseite der Rohfassdaube bearbeitet.The exposed second narrow side of the raw barrel stave is advantageously processed in the same processing machine with at least one additional tool.

Die Rohfassdaube wird somit bei ihrem Durchgang durch die erste Bearbeitungsmaschine an drei Seiten bearbeitet.The raw barrel stave is thus processed on three sides as it passes through the first processing machine.

Die gekrümmte Rohfassdaube wird linear durch die Bearbeitungsmaschine transportiert, die dementsprechend konstruktiv einfach ausgebildet sein kann.The curved raw barrel stave is transported linearly through the processing machine, which can accordingly be designed in a structurally simple manner.

Zur Führung der Rohfassdaube durch die Bearbeitungsmaschine wird in die erste Schmalseite in vorteilhafter Weise wenigstens eine in Vorschubrichtung sich erstreckende Führungsnut eingebracht. Hierfür kann beispielsweise in der Bearbeitungsmaschine eine untere horizontale Spindel vorgesehen sein, auf der ein Nutenfräswerkzeug sitzt, mit dem in der ersten Schmalseite die Führungsnut gefräst werden kann.In order to guide the raw barrel stave through the processing machine, at least one guide groove extending in the feed direction is advantageously made in the first narrow side. For this purpose, for example, a lower horizontal spindle can be provided in the processing machine, on which a groove milling tool is seated, with which the guide groove can be milled in the first narrow side.

In die Führungsnut kann ein maschinenseitiger, in Vorschubrichtung sich erstreckender Führungssteg eingreifen, so dass die in ihrer Längsrichtung gekrümmt ausgebildete Rohfassdaube einwandfrei linear mit Hilfe von Vorschubelementen durch die Bearbeitungsmaschine transportiert werden kann.A machine-side guide web extending in the feed direction can engage in the guide groove, so that the raw barrel stave, which is curved in its longitudinal direction, can be transported linearly through the processing machine without any problems with the aid of feed elements.

Nach dem Durchlauf durch die Bearbeitungsmaschine wird die an den drei Seiten bearbeitete Rohfassdaube so gewendet, dass die die Führungsnut aufweisende erste Schmalseite freiliegt und mit einem entsprechenden Werkzeug bearbeitet werden kann, wobei auch die Führungsnut entfernt wird. Dann ist die Fassdaube fertig bearbeitet und kann zur Herstellung des Holzfasses eingesetzt werden.After passing through the processing machine, the raw barrel stave, which has been processed on three sides, is turned in such a way that the first narrow side having the guide groove is exposed and can be processed with a suitable tool, the guide groove also being removed. Then the barrel stave is finished and can be used to make the wooden barrel.

Damit eine einwandfreie Bearbeitung dieser Schmalseite an der teilweise bearbeiteten Rohfassdaube möglich ist, wird diese an beiden Längsseiten in Vorschubrichtung geführt.In order to be able to process this narrow side correctly on the partially processed raw barrel stave, it is guided on both long sides in the direction of feed.

Hierbei ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die teilweise bearbeitete Rohfassdaube mit ihren beiden Enden an einem Anschlag geführt wird. Er verläuft parallel zur Vorschubrichtung und stellt sicher, dass die teilweise bearbeitete Rohfassdaube zuverlässig bei der Bearbeitung ihrer entsprechenden Schmalseite geführt wird.It is advantageous here if the partially processed raw barrel stave is guided with both ends against a stop. It runs parallel to the feed direction and ensures that the partially processed raw barrel stave is guided reliably when processing its corresponding narrow side.

Außerdem ist es von Vorteil, wenn an der zwischen ihren Enden konvexen Außenseite der teilweise bearbeiteten Rohfassdaube eine in Vorschubrichtung sich erstreckende Führung anliegt.In addition, it is advantageous if a guide extending in the direction of advance rests on the outside of the partially processed raw barrel stave, which is convex between its ends.

Die teilweise bearbeitete Rohfassdaube wird somit zwischen dem Anschlag und der Führung während der Bearbeitung der zweiten Schmalseite einwandfrei abgestützt.The partially machined raw barrel stave is thus perfectly supported between the stop and the guide during the machining of the second narrow side.

Der Anmeldungsgegenstand ergibt sich nicht nur aus dem Gegenstand der einzelnen Patentansprüche, sondern auch durch alle in den Zeichnungen und der Beschreibung offenbarten Angaben und Merkmale. Sie werden, auch wenn sie nicht Gegenstand der Ansprüche sind, als erfindungswesentlich beansprucht, soweit sie einzeln oder in Kombination gegenüber dem Stand der Technik neu sind.The subject matter of the application results not only from the subject matter of the individual patent claims, but also from all of them in the drawings and the information and features disclosed in the description. Even if they are not the subject of the claims, they are claimed to be essential to the invention insofar as they are new compared to the prior art, either individually or in combination.

Weitere Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den weiteren Ansprüchen, der Beschreibung und den Zeichnungen.Further features of the invention emerge from the further claims, the description and the drawings.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand einiger in den Zeichnungen dargestellter Ausführungsformen näher erläutert. Es zeigen

Fig. 1
in perspektivischer Darstellung ein erfindungsgemäßes Holzfass, das aus erfindungsgemäßen Fassdauben hergestellt ist, ohne Deckel,
Fig. 2
in vergrößerter Darstellung und in Seitenansicht ein Einzelsegment einer erfindungsgemäßen Fassdaube,
Fig. 2a
in vergrößerter Darstellung an den Enden des Einzelsegmentes gemäß Fig. 2 vorgesehene Formschlusselemente,
Fig. 3
in Seitenansicht eine aus Einzelsegmenten zusammengesetzte Fassdaube im Rohzustand,
Fig. 4
in perspektivischer Darstellung die Fassdaube gemäß Fig. 3,
Fig. 5
in perspektivischer Darstellung die Fassdaube gemäß Fig. 3 in bearbeitetem Zustand, wobei die Trennlinien zwischen den aneinandergesetzten Einzelsegmenten nicht dargestellt sind,
Fig. 6
in vereinfachter Darstellung drei Werkzeuge zur Bearbeitung der Fassdaube,
Fig. 7
in schematischer Darstellung zwei Führungen für die Fassdaube, die mit einem oberen Werkzeug bearbeitet wird,
Fig. 8
in schematischer Darstellung die Bearbeitung der erfindungsgemäßen Fassdaube auf einer ersten Bearbeitungsmaschine,
Fig. 9
in schematischer Darstellung die Bearbeitung der erfindungsgemäßen Fassdaube auf einer zweiten Bearbeitungsmaschine.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to some embodiments shown in the drawings. Show it
1
a perspective view of a wooden barrel according to the invention, which is made from barrel staves according to the invention, without a lid,
2
in an enlarged representation and in a side view, a single segment of a stave according to the invention,
Figure 2a
in an enlarged view at the ends of the individual segment according to 2 intended form-fitting elements,
3
side view of a stave composed of individual segments in the raw state,
4
in a perspective representation of the stave according to 3 ,
figure 5
in a perspective representation of the stave according to 3 in the processed state, with the dividing lines between the individual segments placed next to each other not being shown,
6
a simplified representation of three tools for processing the barrel stave,
7
in a schematic representation of two guides for the stave, which is machined with an upper tool,
8
in a schematic representation of the processing of the stave according to the invention on a first processing machine,
9
in a schematic representation of the processing of the stave according to the invention on a second processing machine.

Fig. 1 zeigt in schematischer Darstellung ein Holzfass 1, das aus Fassdauben 2 zusammengesetzt ist. Sie sind über ihre Länge gekrümmt ausgebildet und liegen mit ihren schmalen Längsseiten in bekannter Weise flüssigkeitsdicht aneinander. Sie werden von dem oberen bis zu dem unteren Ende außenseitig von mehreren Ringen umfasst, wodurch die Fassdauben 2 sicher miteinander verbunden sind. 1 shows a schematic representation of a wooden barrel 1, which is composed of barrel staves 2. They are curved over their length and lie against one another in a liquid-tight manner with their narrow longitudinal sides in a known manner. They are surrounded by a plurality of rings from the upper to the lower end on the outside, as a result of which the staves 2 are securely connected to one another.

Die Fassdauben werden aus einzelnen Segmenten zusammengesetzt, wodurch eine effiziente, rohstoffsparende Herstellung der Holzfässer 1 möglich ist.The barrel staves are composed of individual segments, making it possible to manufacture the wooden barrels 1 efficiently and in a way that saves on raw materials.

Die Fig. 3 bis 5 zeigen beispielhaft eine Fassdaube 2, die aus fünf Segmenten 2a bis 2e zusammengesetzt ist. Sie können gleiche, aber auch unterschiedliche Länge haben. Bei der dargestellten Ausführungsform sind die einzelnen Segmente 2a bis 2e gerade ausgebildet. Sie sind formschlüssig zur Fassdaube 2 aneinandergesetzt. Die Stirnseiten 5, 15, mit denen die Segmente 2a bis 2e aneinanderstoßen, sind winklig ausgebildet, was nachfolgend anhand von Fig. 2 beschrieben wird. Die Segmente sind vorteilhaft 4-seitig vorgehobelt und in der Länge gekappt.The Figures 3 to 5 show an example of a stave 2, which is composed of five segments 2a to 2e. They can have the same or different lengths. In the illustrated embodiment, the individual segments 2a to 2e are straight. They are placed together in a form-fitting manner to form the barrel stave 2. The end faces 5, 15, with which the segments 2a to 2e abut one another, are formed at an angle, which is explained below with reference to FIG 2 is described. The segments are advantageously pre-planed on 4 sides and cut in length.

Fig. 2 zeigt eines der Segmente, das an beiden Stirnseiten 5, 15 mit jeweils einem Formschlusselement 3, 4 versehen ist. Die beiden Formschlusselemente 3, 4 sind komplementär ausgebildet und bilden innerhalb der Fassdaube 2 eine Schwalbenschwanzverbindung zwischen benachbarten Segmenten. 2 shows one of the segments, which is provided on both end faces 5, 15 with a form-fitting element 3, 4 each. The two form-fitting elements 3, 4 are of complementary design and form within the barrel stave 2 a dovetail joint between adjacent segments.

Das Formschlusselement 3 steht über die eine Stirnseite 5 des Segmentes 2b vor und weist zwei divergierend zueinander verlaufende Vorsprünge 3a, 3b mit fluchtend verlaufenden Stirnseiten 6, 7 auf. Beide Vorsprünge 3a, 3b stehen von einem an die Stirnseite 5 des Segmentes 2b anschließenden Fußteil 8 ab, dessen Seitenwände 9, 10 entgegengesetzt zueinander stetig gekrümmt in die Stirnseite 5 des Segments 2b übergehen. Die Übergänge der Seitenwände 9,10 zu der Stirnseite 5 und den Stirnseiten 6, 7 der Vorsprünge 3a und 3b sowie der Vorsprünge 3a und 3b sind jeweils mit Radien ausgebildet.The form-fitting element 3 protrudes beyond the one end face 5 of the segment 2b and has two projections 3a, 3b which diverge from one another and have end faces 6, 7 which run in alignment. Both projections 3a, 3b protrude from a foot part 8 adjoining the end face 5 of the segment 2b, the side walls 9, 10 of which continuously curve in opposite directions and merge into the end face 5 of the segment 2b. The transitions of the side walls 9,10 to the end face 5 and the end faces 6, 7 of the projections 3a and 3b and the projections 3a and 3b are each formed with radii.

Der Fußteil 8 des Formschlusselementes 3 liegt vorteilhaft in etwa halber Dicke 13 des Segmentes 2b. Der Fußteil 8 hat eine solche Dicke, dass die aneinandergesetzten Segmente 2a bis 2e eine ausreichend hohe Festigkeit haben.The foot part 8 of the form-fitting element 3 is advantageously approximately half the thickness 13 of the segment 2b. The foot part 8 has such a thickness that the segments 2a to 2e put together have a sufficiently high strength.

Die Formschlusselemente 3 erstrecken sich über die gesamte Breite 14 des Segmentes (Fig. 4).The form-fitting elements 3 extend over the entire width 14 of the segment ( 4 ).

Das an der anderen Stirnseite 15 des Segmentes 2b befindliche Formschlusselement 4 ist als zum Formschlusselement 3 komplementäre Vertiefung ausgebildet (Fig. 2a). Zur Aufnahme der Vorsprünge 3a, 3b ist das Formschlusselement 4 mit entsprechend geformten und angeordneten Vertiefungen 16, 17 versehen. In zusammengesteckter Lage liegt das Formschlusselement 3 mit seiner Außenkontur an der Innenkontur des Formschlusselementes 4 an.The form-locking element 4 located on the other end face 15 of the segment 2b is designed as a depression that is complementary to the form-locking element 3 ( Figure 2a ). To accommodate the projections 3a, 3b, the form-fitting element 4 is provided with correspondingly shaped and arranged indentations 16, 17. In the assembled position, the outer contour of the form-fitting element 3 rests against the inner contour of the form-fitting element 4 .

Wie aus Fig. 3 hervorgeht, haben die Segmente 2b bis 2d die anhand der Fig. 2 und 2a beschriebene Gestaltung. Die beiden endseitigen Segmente 2a, 2e der Fassdaube 2 haben lediglich an einer Stirnseite das überstehende bzw. als Vertiefung ausgebildete Formschlusselement 3, 4. Dadurch ist die Fassdaube 2 an ihren beiden Enden mit einer geschlossenen Stirnseite 18, 19 versehen.How out 3 shows the segments 2b to 2d based on the 2 and 2a described design. The two end segments 2a, 2e of the stave 2 only have the protruding form-fitting element 3, 4, which is designed as a recess, on one end face the barrel stave 2 is provided with a closed end face 18, 19 at both of its ends.

Da die Fassdaube 2 über ihre Länge gekrümmt ausgebildet sein soll, sind die Stirnseiten 5, 15 der aneinanderliegenden Segmente 2a bis 2e unter einem Winkel zur Außenseite der Segmente ausgebildet, wie anhand von Fig. 2a erläutert wird.Since the stave 2 should be curved over its length, the end faces 5, 15 of the adjacent segments 2a to 2e are formed at an angle to the outside of the segments, as shown in FIG Figure 2a is explained.

Die das Formschlusselement 3 aufweisende Stirnseite 5 liegt unter einem kleinen spitzen Winkel α zu einer senkrecht zur Ober-und Unterseite 21, 22 des Segmentes 2b verlaufenden Ebene 20 (Fig. 2a).The end face 5 having the form-fitting element 3 is at a small acute angle α to a plane 20 ( Figure 2a ).

Die gegenüberliegende Stirnseite 15 des Segmentes 2b ist um den gleichen Winkel α gegenüber einer senkrecht zur Ober- und Unterseite 21, 22 verlaufenden Ebene 20a geneigt, allerdings in entgegengesetzter Richtung wie die Stirnseite 5.The opposite end face 15 of the segment 2b is inclined at the same angle α with respect to a plane 20a running perpendicularly to the top and bottom sides 21, 22, but in the opposite direction to the end face 5.

Werden die Segmente 2a bis 2e zur Fassdaube 2 zusammengesteckt, liegen benachbarte Segmente um den Winkel α geneigt zueinander. Die Größe des Winkels α bestimmt die Krümmung der aus den Segmenten 2a bis 2e herzustellenden Fassdaube 2. Diese Krümmung der Fassdaube 2 ist aus den Fig. 3 bis 5 ersichtlich. Beim fertigen Fass ergibt sich die Krümmung der Fassdaube aus der Höhe des Fasses und dem Mass seiner bauchigen Form. Um die Rohfassdaube in der einbaufertigen Länge und mit der einbaufertigen Krümmung herzustellen, müssen die Anzahl der Segmente und der Winkel α entsprechend gewählt werden.If the segments 2a to 2e are plugged together to form the stave 2, adjacent segments are inclined by the angle α to one another. The size of the angle α determines the curvature of the segments 2a to 2e to be produced stave 2. This curvature of the stave 2 is from the Figures 3 to 5 apparent. In the finished barrel, the curvature of the stave results from the height of the barrel and the size of its bulbous shape. In order to produce the raw barrel stave in the ready-to-install length and with the ready-to-install curvature, the number of segments and the angle α must be selected accordingly.

Da die Segmente 2a bis 2e jeweils gerade ausgebildet sind, hat die aus den Segmenten zusammengesetzte Fassdaube 2 im Rohzustand eine unstetige Form. Damit die Fassdaube 2 eine über ihre Länge stetig gekrümmte Form hat, wird die in den Fig. 3 und 4 im Rohzustand dargestellte Fassdaube 2 nach dem Zusammenstecken noch bearbeitet.Since the segments 2a to 2e are each straight, the stave 2 composed of the segments has a discontinuous shape in the raw state. In order for the barrel stave 2 to have a continuously curved shape over its length, the Figures 3 and 4 Barrel stave 2 shown in the raw state still processed after being put together.

Durch die beschriebene Ausbildung der Formschlusselemente 3, 4 mit den stetig gekrümmten Konturübergängen lassen sich benachbarte Segmente so zusammenstecken, dass ihre Stirnseiten 5,15 und Formschlusselemente 3, 4 flächig aneinanderliegen und eine hohe Dichtigkeit der Formschlussverbindungen gewährleistet ist.Due to the described design of the form-fitting elements 3, 4 with the continuously curved contour transitions, adjacent segments can be plugged together in such a way that their end faces 5,15 and form-fitting elements 3, 4 lie flat against one another and a high degree of tightness of the form-fitting connections is ensured.

Anhand der Fig. 6 bis 9 wird die Bearbeitung der Fassdaube 2 im Rohzustand beschrieben. Die zur Bearbeitung der Fassdaube 2 eingesetzte Maschine ist nur schematisch dargestellt. Es handelt sich bei dieser Maschine um eine Durchlaufmaschine, bei der die Fassdauben 2 während ihres Transportes durch die Maschine an ihren Seiten bearbeitet werden.Based on 6 to 9 the processing of the barrel stave 2 in the raw state is described. The machine used to process the barrel stave 2 is shown only schematically. This machine is a continuous machine in which the staves 2 are processed on their sides during their transport through the machine.

Die Fassdauben 2 liegen bei ihrem Transport durch die Maschine mit einer Schmalseite 23 auf einem (nicht dargestellten) Maschinentisch auf. Zum Vorschub der Fassdaube 2 in der Maschine sind entsprechende Vorschubelemente, wie Vorschubwalzen, vorgesehen, die die auf dem Maschinentisch aufliegenden Fassdauben 2 gegen den Maschinentisch belasten und in Vorschubrichtung fördern.During their transport through the machine, the barrel staves 2 lie on a narrow side 23 on a machine table (not shown). For advancing the stave 2 in the machine, corresponding advancing elements, such as feed rollers, are provided, which load the staves 2 resting on the machine table against the machine table and promote them in the advancing direction.

Die Maschine hat im Eintrittsbereich eine untere, horizontale Spindel, auf der ein Werkzeug drehfest sitzt, mit dem an der auf dem Maschinentisch aufliegenden Schmalseite 23 (Fig. 6) wenigstens eine Nut 24 gefräst wird. Wie aus Fig. 6 hervorgeht, werden in die Schmalseite 23 der Fassdaube 2 mehrere parallel zueinander liegende Nuten 24 gefräst. Der Maschinentisch ist im Bereich der unteren horizontalen Spindel unterbrochen, so dass das auf ihr sitzende Werkzeug die Nuten 24 fräsen kann.In the entry area, the machine has a lower, horizontal spindle on which a tool sits in a rotationally fixed manner, with which the narrow side 23 ( 6 ) at least one groove 24 is milled. How out 6 shows, several mutually parallel grooves 24 are milled into the narrow side 23 of the stave 2 . The machine table is interrupted in the area of the lower horizontal spindle, so that the tool sitting on it can mill the grooves 24.

Das Maschinenbett der Maschine ist in Vorschubrichtung hinter der unteren horizontalen Spindel mit vorstehenden, in Vorschubrichtung verlaufenden Stegen versehen, die in die Nuten 24 eingreifen und dadurch die Fassdaube 2 bei ihrem Durchlauf durch die Maschine führen.The machine bed of the machine is provided in the feed direction behind the lower horizontal spindle with protruding webs running in the feed direction, which engage in the grooves 24 and thereby guide the stave 2 as it passes through the machine.

Fig. 8 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf die noch unbearbeitete Fassdaube 2, deren die Oberseite und die Unterseite bildenden Längsseiten 21, 22 mit einem rechten Werkzeug 25 und einem linken Werkzeug 26 bearbeitet werden. Beide Werkzeuge 25, 26 sitzen drehfest auf vertikalen Spindeln, die beim Durchlauf der Fassdaube 2 in Vorschubrichtung 27 drehbar angetrieben werden. Die Nuten 24 erstrecken sich parallel zur Vorschubrichtung 27. 8 shows a plan view of the still unmachined stave 2, whose longitudinal sides 21, 22 forming the top and bottom are machined with a right-hand tool 25 and a left-hand tool 26. Both tools 25, 26 are seated in a rotationally fixed manner on vertical spindles which are rotatably driven in the feed direction 27 as the barrel stave 2 passes through. The grooves 24 extend parallel to the feed direction 27.

Die Drehachsen 28, 29 der Werkzeuge 25, 26 sowie deren Eingriffsbereiche an der Fassdaube 2 liegen vorteilhaft in Vorschubrichtung 27 mit geringem Abstand hintereinander oder gegenüber. Dadurch ergibt sich eine hohe Bearbeitungsgenauigkeit.The axes of rotation 28, 29 of the tools 25, 26 and their engagement areas on the stave 2 are advantageously in the feed direction 27 at a small distance behind or opposite one another. This results in high machining accuracy.

Beide Werkzeuge 25, 26 sind Profilwerkzeuge, mit denen die Längsseiten 21, 22 mit der in Querrichtung konvexen bzw. konkaven Kontur gefräst werden.Both tools 25, 26 are profile tools with which the longitudinal sides 21, 22 are milled with the convex or concave contour in the transverse direction.

Wenn die Fassdauben 2 zum Holzfass 1 zusammengesetzt werden, bilden die Längsseiten 21, 22 die Außenseite und die Innenseite der Fassdaube 2.When the staves 2 are assembled to form the wooden barrel 1, the long sides 21, 22 form the outside and the inside of the stave 2.

Beide Werkzeuge 25, 26 sind quer zur Vorschubrichtung 27 in Verstellrichtung 30, 31 gesteuert verstellbar, damit sie beim Durchlauf der Fassdaube 2 durch die Maschine die gekrümmte Form erzeugen können.Both tools 25, 26 can be adjusted in a controlled manner transversely to the feed direction 27 in the adjustment direction 30, 31, so that they can produce the curved shape as the barrel stave 2 passes through the machine.

Dabei wird in bekannter Weise der Transportweg der einzelnen Fassdaube durch die Maschine erfasst und die Werkzeuge 25, 26 über die Maschinensteuerung entsprechend der vorgegebenen Krümmung so verstellt, dass die Fassdaube 2 nach der Bearbeitung die gewünschte kontinuierlich gekrümmte Außen- und Innenseite aufweist.The transport path of the individual stave is recorded in a known manner by the machine and the tools 25, 26 are adjusted via the machine control according to the specified curvature so that the stave 2 has the desired continuously curved outside and inside after processing.

Bei der Verstellbewegung der Werkzeuge 25, 26 wird die Dicke 13 der Fassdaube 2 berücksichtigt, so dass nur so viel Material abgetragen wird, dass die Fassdaube 2 über ihre Länge eine ausreichende Dicke hat.During the adjustment movement of the tools 25, 26, the thickness 13 of the stave 2 is taken into account, so that only so much material is removed that the stave 2 has a sufficient thickness over its length.

Wie sich aus Fig. 6 ergibt, ist das linke Werkzeug 26, mit dem die Außenkontur der Fassdaube 2 erzeugt wird, derart gestaltet, dass es einen konkav gekrümmten Fräsbereich 32 hat.How out 6 results, the left tool 26 with which the outer contour of the stave 2 is produced is designed in such a way that it has a concavely curved milling area 32 .

Das rechte Werkzeug 25, mit dem die Innenkontur der Fassdaube 2 hergestellt wird, ist dementsprechend so gestaltet, dass es einen konvex gekrümmten Fräsbereich 33 hat.The right-hand tool 25, with which the inner contour of the stave 2 is produced, is accordingly designed in such a way that it has a convexly curved milling area 33.

Die axiale Länge der Werkzeuge 25, 26 ist größer als die Breite 14 der Fassdaube 2, die dadurch über ihre gesamte Breite durch die beiden Werkzeuge 25, 26 bearbeitet wird.The axial length of the tools 25, 26 is greater than the width 14 of the stave 2, which is thereby processed by the two tools 25, 26 over its entire width.

Beim Durchlauf durch die Maschine wird die Fassdaube 2 außerdem durch ein oberes Werkzeug 34 bearbeitet (Fig. 6). Mit dem Werkzeug 34 wird die der Schmalseite 23 gegenüberliegende Schmalseite 35 bearbeitet. Da die Schmalseite 35 winklig zur Horizontalen liegt, ist auch die Drehachse 36 des Werkzeuges 34 entsprechend geneigt angeordnet.As it passes through the machine, the stave 2 is also machined by an upper tool 34 ( 6 ). The narrow side 35 opposite the narrow side 23 is machined with the tool 34 . Since the narrow side 35 is at an angle to the horizontal, the axis of rotation 36 of the tool 34 is also inclined accordingly.

Das Werkzeug 34 ist ein Hobelwerkzeug, das um seine Achse 36 drehbar angetrieben wird und die Schmalseite 35 plan hobelt.The tool 34 is a planing tool which is driven to rotate about its axis 36 and planes the narrow side 35 flat.

Da die Fassdaube 2 über ihre Länge gekrümmt verläuft, hat das Werkzeug 34 eine solche axiale Länge, dass es die gekrümmt verlaufende Schmalseite 35 über die Länge der Fassdaube 2 bearbeiten kann. Dadurch ist eine Verstellung des Werkzeuges 34 in Richtung ihrer Drehachse 36 bei der Bearbeitung der Fassdaube 2 nicht erforderlich.Since the barrel stave 2 is curved over its length, the tool 34 has such an axial length that it can machine the curved narrow side 35 over the length of the barrel stave 2 . As a result, it is not necessary to adjust the tool 34 in the direction of its axis of rotation 36 when processing the stave 2 .

Vorteilhaft befindet sich das Werkzeug 34 in Vorschubrichtung 27 hinter den beiden Werkzeugen 25, 26. Zur Anpassung an unterschiedlich breite Fassdauben 2 ist das obere Werkzeug 34 gegenüber dem Maschinentisch, auf dem die Fassdaube 2 während ihres Durchlaufes durch die Maschine abgestützt ist, verstellbar. Zusätzlich ist das Werkzeug 34 zur Anpassung an unterschiedliche Neigungswinkel der Schmalseite 35 auch in der Neigung einstellbar, so dass die Drehachse 36 des Werkzeuges 34 an unterschiedliche Neigungswinkel der Schmalseite 35 angepasst werden kann. Bei einem gewünschten Durchmesser des herzustellenden Fasses ergibt sich über die Breite der einzelnen Fassdaube die Anzahl der benötigten Dauben und über die Anzahl der Dauben der Neigungswinkel der Schmalseite 35.The tool 34 is advantageously located behind the two tools 25, 26 in the feed direction 27. To adapt to staves 2 of different widths, the upper tool 34 can be adjusted relative to the machine table on which the stave 2 is supported as it passes through the machine. In addition, the tool 34 can also be adjusted to adapt to different angles of inclination of the narrow side 35, so that the axis of rotation 36 of the tool 34 can be adjusted to different angles of inclination of the narrow side 35 . With a desired diameter of the barrel to be produced, the number of staves required is determined by the width of the individual staves and the angle of inclination of the narrow side 35 is determined by the number of staves.

Nach dem Durchlauf durch die Maschine ist die Fassdaube 2 mittels der Werkzeuge 25, 26, 34 an der Innen- und der Außenkontur sowie an der Schmalseite 35 fertig bearbeitet. Auf einer zweiten Maschine wird anschließend die Schmalseite 23 mit den Nuten 24 bearbeitet. Hierzu wird die teilweise fertig bearbeitete Fassdaube 2 so gedreht, dass sie mit ihrer bearbeiteten Schmalseite 35 auf dem Maschinenbett der zweiten Maschine aufliegt. Im Unterschied zur ersten Maschine hat dieses Maschinenbett keine vorstehenden Stege. Zur Führung der Fassdaube 2 sind eine linke Führung 37 sowie ein rechter Anschlag 38 vorgesehen (Fig. 7 und 9). Die Führung 37 erstreckt sich parallel zur Vorschubrichtung 27 und liegt auf dem Maschinenbett auf. An dieser linken Führung 37, in Vorschubrichtung 27 gesehen, liegt die Fassdaube 2 etwa in halber Länge an der höchsten Stelle der konvexen Krümmung an.After passing through the machine, the barrel stave 2 is finished by means of the tools 25 , 26 , 34 on the inner and outer contours and on the narrow side 35 . The narrow side 23 with the grooves 24 is then machined on a second machine. For this purpose, the partially finished barrel stave 2 is turned in such a way that it rests with its machined narrow side 35 on the machine bed of the second machine. In contrast to the first machine, this machine bed has no protruding webs. A left-hand guide 37 and a right-hand stop 38 are provided to guide the stave 2 ( 7 and 9). The guide 37 extends parallel to the feed direction 27 and rests on the machine bed. At this left guide 37, seen in the direction of advance 27, the stave 2 is about half the length at the highest point of the convex curvature.

Am gegenüberliegenden Anschlag 38 liegt die Fassdaube 2 mit ihren beiden Enden an, wie aus Fig. 9 hervorgeht.The stave 2 rests with its two ends on the opposite stop 38, as can be seen from FIG.

Der Anschlag 38 erstreckt sich ebenfalls in Vorschubrichtung 27 und ist derart geneigt angeordnet, dass die Fassdaube 2 im Bereich ihrer Stirnseite 18 und nahe der Stirnseite 19 anliegt. Da die dem Anschlag 38 zugewandte Seite der Fassdaube 2 konkav gekrümmt verläuft, liegt die Fassdaube 2 lediglich mit ihren Endbereichen 39, 40 am Anschlag 38 an.The stop 38 also extends in the feed direction 27 and is arranged inclined in such a way that the stave 2 rests in the region of its end face 18 and close to the end face 19 . Since the side of the stave 2 facing the stop 38 is concavely curved, the stave 2 rests against the stop 38 only with its end regions 39 , 40 .

Der Anschlag 38 hat eine größere Höhe als die Führung 37 (Fig. 7).The stop 38 has a greater height than the guide 37 ( 7 ).

Vorteilhaft ist es, wenn der Anschlag 37 quer zur Vorschubrichtung 27 verstellbar an der Maschine vorgesehen ist, so dass er an unterschiedlich stark gekrümmte Fassdauben 2 angepasst werden kann. Darüber hinaus ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Neigung des Anschlages 38 zur Anpassung an unterschiedliche Neigungswinkel der Schmalseite eingestellt werden kann.It is advantageous if the stop 37 is provided on the machine so that it can be adjusted transversely to the feed direction 27, so that it can be adjusted to different degrees curved staves 2 can be adjusted. In addition, it is advantageous if the inclination of the stop 38 can be adjusted to adapt to different angles of inclination of the narrow side.

Zur Bearbeitung unterschiedlich breiter Fassdauben 2 ist es zweckmäßig, dass der Anschlag 38 eine der größten Breite der Fassdaube entsprechende Höhe aufweist.For processing barrel staves 2 of different widths, it is expedient for the stop 38 to have a height corresponding to the greatest width of the barrel stave.

Die die Nuten 24 aufweisende Schmalseite 23 der Fassdaube 2 wird mit einem Werkzeug 41 bearbeitet, das um seine Achse 42 drehbar angetrieben wird und vorzugsweise ein Hobelwerkzeug ist, mit dem die Schmalseite 23 so gefräst wird, dass die Nuten 24 entfernt sind. Die Drehachse 42 des Werkzeuges 41 ist geneigt angeordnet, so dass die Schmalseite 23 mit dem entsprechenden Neigungswinkel bearbeitet werden kann.The narrow side 23 of the stave 2 having the grooves 24 is machined with a tool 41 which is driven to rotate about its axis 42 and is preferably a planing tool with which the narrow side 23 is milled in such a way that the grooves 24 are removed. The axis of rotation 42 of the tool 41 is inclined so that the narrow side 23 can be machined with the appropriate angle of inclination.

Die axiale Länge des Werkzeuges 41 ist so groß, dass die Schmalseite 23 über die gesamte Länge der Fassdaube 2 bearbeitet werden kann, ohne dass das Werkzeug 41 verstellt werden muss.The axial length of the tool 41 is so great that the narrow side 23 can be machined over the entire length of the stave 2 without the tool 41 having to be adjusted.

Zur Anpassung an unterschiedlich breite Fassdauben 2 ist das Werkzeug 41 vorteilhaft quer zum Maschinentisch in der Höhe einstellbar.In order to adapt to barrel staves 2 of different widths, the height of the tool 41 can advantageously be adjusted transversely to the machine table.

Es ist zusätzlich vorteilhaft, wenn auch die Neigung des Werkzeuges 41 eingestellt werden kann, so dass auch unterschiedlich schräg liegende Schmalseiten 23 der Fassdauben 2 bearbeitet werden können.It is additionally advantageous if the inclination of the tool 41 can also be adjusted, so that narrow sides 23 of the staves 2 which are at different angles can also be processed.

Die zweite Maschine hat wie die erste Maschine Vorschubelemente, mit denen die Fassdaube 2 durch die Maschine transportiert werden kann. Die Vorschubelemente sind vorteilhaft Vorschubwalzen, die in bekannter Weise auf der Schmalseite 23 der Fassdaube 2 aufliegen und diese in Vorschubrichtung 27 auf dem Maschinentisch aufliegend transportieren. Die Fassdaube 2 ist hierbei in der beschriebenen Weise an der Führung 37 und am Anschlag 38 abgestützt, die sich auf einander gegenüberliegenden Seiten der hochkant stehenden Fassdaube 2 befinden. Vorteilhaft sind auch die Vorschubwalzen geneigt angeordnet und in der Neigung entsprechend dem Neigungswinkel der Schmalseite verstell- bzw. schwenkbar, so dass sie auf der gesamten Schmalseite 23 sauber aufliegen. Dabei ist zu berücksichtigen, dass die Neigung vor und nach der Bearbeitung durch das Werkzeug 41 unterschiedlich ist.Like the first machine, the second machine has feed elements with which the stave 2 can be transported through the machine. The feed elements are advantageously feed rollers, which rest in a known manner on the narrow side 23 of the stave 2 and transport them in the feed direction 27 lying on the machine table. The stave 2 is here supported in the manner described on the guide 37 and the stop 38, which are on opposite sides of the upright barrel stave 2. Advantageously, the feed rollers are also arranged at an incline and can be adjusted or pivoted according to the incline angle of the narrow side, so that they rest neatly on the entire narrow side 23 . In this context, it must be taken into account that the inclination is different before and after the machining by the tool 41 .

Die fertig bearbeiteten Fassdauben (Fig. 5) werden dann in bekannter Weise zum Holzfass 1 zusammengefügt. Benachbarte Fassdauben liegen hierbei mit ihren Schmalseiten 23, 35 stoßend aneinander. Zur Erhöhung der Dichtigkeit und Vereinfachung bei der Montage können die Schmalseiten 23, 35 mit Formschlusselementen versehen sein, um beispielsweise eine v-förmige Nut-Feder-Verbindung zu erreichen. In diesem Falle sind die die Schmalseiten 23, 35 bearbeitenden Werkzeuge 36, 41 keine Hobelwerkzeuge, sondern Profilierwerkzeuge, mit denen über die Länge der Schmalseiten 23, 35 die entsprechenden Formschlusselemente hergestellt werden können. Für diesen Fall sind die Werkzeuge 34, 41 quer zur Vorschubrichtung 27 in Richtung ihrer Drehachse 36, 42 während des Durchlaufes der Fassdauben 2 durch die Maschine gesteuert verstellbar, um die entsprechenden Formschlusselemente über die gekrümmt verlaufende Länge der Schmalseiten 23, 35 anzubringen.The finished barrel staves ( figure 5 ) are then assembled in a known manner to form the wooden barrel 1. Adjacent staves are here with their narrow sides 23, 35 abutting each other. To increase the tightness and simplify assembly, the narrow sides 23, 35 can be provided with form-fitting elements, for example to achieve a v-shaped tongue and groove connection. In this case, the tools 36, 41 that machine the narrow sides 23, 35 are not planing tools, but profiling tools, with which the corresponding form-fitting elements can be produced over the length of the narrow sides 23, 35. In this case, the tools 34, 41 can be adjusted in a controlled manner transversely to the feed direction 27 in the direction of their axis of rotation 36, 42 while the staves 2 are passing through the machine, in order to attach the corresponding positive-locking elements over the curved length of the narrow sides 23, 35.

Zur Erhöhung der Dichtigkeit können die Schmalseiten 23, 35 mittels Leim verbunden oder die Fassdauben unter Zwischenlage von Dichtelementen zusammengesetzt werden.To increase the tightness, the narrow sides 23, 35 can be connected by means of glue or the staves can be assembled with the interposition of sealing elements.

Die Herstellung der Holzfässer 1 mittels der Fassdauben 2 ist sehr rohstoffsparend, weil die Fassdauben 2 aus einzelnen Segmenten 2a bis 2e zusammengesetzt werden können. So können Reststücke zur Herstellung der Fassdauben 2 herangezogen werden. Die bei der Holzbearbeitung häufig anfallenden Resthölzer können auf diese Weise optimal zur Herstellung der Fassdauben 2 und damit der Holzfässer 1 verwendet werden. Außerdem kann das Rohholz effektiver genutzt werden, da vergleichsweise kurze Stücke verwendet werden können, die qualitativ hochwertig und rissfrei sind und ohne Einbußen hinsichtlich eines günstigen Faserverlaufs aus dem Rohholz gesägt werden können. Demgegenüber kann bei der Verwendung einstückiger Rohdauben nur ein Prozentsatz des Holzstammes genutzt werden, um die Rohdauben in der geforderten Qualität, rissfrei und mit entsprechendem Faserverlauf zu gewinnen.The production of the wooden barrels 1 by means of the staves 2 saves a lot of raw materials because the staves 2 can be assembled from individual segments 2a to 2e. So remnants for the production of the staves 2 can be used. In this way, the leftover wood that often occurs during woodworking can be optimally used for the production of the barrel staves 2 and thus the wooden barrels 1 . In addition, the raw wood can be used more effectively because the pieces are comparatively short can be used that are of high quality and free of cracks and can be sawn from the raw wood without sacrificing a favorable grain flow. In contrast, when using one-piece raw staves, only a percentage of the log can be used to obtain the raw staves of the required quality, without cracks and with the appropriate fiber flow.

Die stirnseitige Verbindung der Segmente 2a bis 2e kann mit und ohne Klebemittel durchgeführt werden.The frontal connection of the segments 2a to 2e can be carried out with and without adhesive.

Da zur Herstellung der Fassdauben 2 Reststücke bzw. kurze und gesägte Rohholzteile verwendet werden können, lässt sich das Holzfass 1 sehr kostengünstig herstellen, ohne dass dies mit Nachteilen bei der Stabilität oder Dichtigkeit verbunden ist.Since leftover pieces or short and sawn raw wood parts can be used to produce the staves 2, the wooden barrel 1 can be produced very inexpensively without this being associated with disadvantages in terms of stability or tightness.

Die Formschlusselemente 3, 4 können bei einer alternativen Ausführung auch derart gestaltet sein, dass sich ein Schlüssellochprofil ergibt. Auch eine solche Gestaltung der Formschlusselemente 3, 4 ermöglicht es, die Segmente 2a bis 2e winklig aneinanderzusetzen.In an alternative embodiment, the positive-locking elements 3, 4 can also be designed in such a way that a keyhole profile results. Such a design of the form-fitting elements 3, 4 also makes it possible to put the segments 2a to 2e together at an angle.

Eine weitere Möglichkeit besteht darin, in die Stirnseiten der Segmente 2a bis 2e Keilzinken einzubringen. In diesem Falle greifen aneinanderstoßende Segmente 2a bis 2e mit ihren Keilzinken ineinander. Diese Keilzinkenverbindung wird dann mit Hilfe eines Klebemittels vorgenommen, so dass aneinanderliegende Segmente 2a bis 2e fest miteinander verbunden sind.A further possibility is to introduce finger joints into the end faces of the segments 2a to 2e. In this case, abutting segments 2a to 2e interlock with their finger joints. This finger joint is then made with the aid of an adhesive, so that adjacent segments 2a to 2e are firmly connected to one another.

Weiterhin können auch separate Verbindungselemente verwendet werden, wie sie zum Beispiel im Möbel- oder Rahmenbau zum Einsatz kommen, z. B. Doppelschwalbenschwanz/Doppelkeil. Dann muss in die einzelnen Segmente nur die entsprechende Gegenform als Vertiefung eingebracht werden.Furthermore, separate connecting elements can also be used, such as those used in furniture or frame construction, e.g. B. Double dovetail/double wedge. Then only the corresponding counter-shape has to be introduced into the individual segments as an indentation.

Die Bearbeitung der stirnseitigen Formschlusselemente kann mit herkömmlichen Bearbeitungsmethoden und -maschinen erfolgen, zum Beispiel Doppelendprofiler, CNC-Bearbeitungszentren, Zapf- und Schlitzmaschinen.The form-fitting elements on the front can be machined using conventional machining methods and machines, for example double-end tenoners, CNC machining centres, tenoning and slotting machines.

Da die Fassdauben 2 aus den winklig aneinandergesetzten Segmenten 2a bis 2e hergestellt und bereits mit der vorgesehenen Krümmung bearbeitet werden, werden die Herstellkosten des Holzfasses weiter verringert, da der Arbeitsschritt des Fassformens entfällt, wie er bei der üblichen Holzfassherstellung erforderlich ist. Insbesondere wird Holzbruch vermieden, wie er beim Fassformen häufig auftritt.Since the barrel staves 2 are made from the segments 2a to 2e placed at an angle and are already machined with the intended curvature, the manufacturing costs of the wooden barrel are further reduced since the barrel-shaping work step, as required in conventional wooden barrel manufacture, is eliminated. In particular, broken wood is avoided, which often occurs when shaping barrels.

Das Fassformen erfolgt bei der herkömmlichen Holzfassherstellung durch Hammerschläge, was mit großem Lärm und mit erheblichem Krafteinsatz verbunden ist. Durch Wegfall dieses Fassformens mittels Hammerschlägen wird die Arbeitssicherheit erheblich erhöht.In conventional wooden barrel production, the barrel is formed by hitting it with a hammer, which is associated with a great deal of noise and a great deal of force. Occupational safety is significantly increased by eliminating this barrel-forming process using hammer blows.

Da die Rohfassdaube mit den Werkzeugen 25, 26; 34, 41 bearbeitet wird, müssen die Segmente 2a bis 2e nicht exakt gleiche Dicke und/oder Breite haben. Mit den Werkzeugen 25, 26; 34, 41 werden ungleiche Dicken und/oder Breiten beseitigt.Since the raw barrel stave with the tools 25, 26; 34, 41 is processed, the segments 2a to 2e do not have to have exactly the same thickness and/or width. With the tools 25, 26; 34, 41 unequal thicknesses and/or widths are eliminated.

Es besteht auch die Möglichkeit, aus den Segmenten gerade Rohfassdauben zu bilden. In diesem Fall liegen die Stirnseiten 5, 15 der Segmente 2a bis 2e senkrecht zur Ober- und Unterseite 21, 22. Die Segmente 2a bis 2e liegen in zusammengestecktem Zustand fluchtend hintereinander. Auch in diesem Fall ergeben sich hinsichtlich der Holzausbeute die gleichen Vorteile, wie sie zuvor beschrieben worden sind. Da die Fassdauben zunächst gerade sind, werden sie durch einen Formvorgang, wie den oben beschriebenen Vorgang des Fassformens, in die zur Herstellung des Holzfasses 1 erforderliche Form gebogen.It is also possible to form straight raw barrel staves from the segments. In this case, the end faces 5, 15 of the segments 2a to 2e are perpendicular to the top and bottom sides 21, 22. The segments 2a to 2e are aligned one behind the other when plugged together. In this case, too, there are the same advantages in terms of wood yield as have been described above. Since the staves are straight to begin with, they are bent into the shape required for making the wooden barrel 1 by a forming process such as the barrel forming process described above.

Die geraden Rohfassdauben werden in bekannter Weise in einem linearen, geraden Durchlaufprozess bearbeitet. Um die notwendige Taillierung der Fassdaube zu erzeugen, werden die Werkzeuge während des Durchlaufs quer zur Vorschubrichtung gesteuert verstellt. Die Werkzeuge sind entsprechend der gewünschten Neigung der Schmalseiten geneigt angeordnet und können bei Bedarf ebenfalls während des Durchlaufs der Fassdaube 2 in ihrer Neigung gesteuert verstellt werden.The straight raw barrel staves are processed in a known manner in a linear, straight throughput process. To the necessary sidecut of the To produce barrel stave, the tools are adjusted transversely to the feed direction during the run. The tools are arranged at an incline according to the desired incline of the narrow sides and, if required, can also be adjusted in their incline in a controlled manner while the barrel stave 2 is passing through.

Der Vorteil des Einsatzes gekrümmter Rohfassdauben, die bereits die einbaufertige Krümmung haben, liegt auch in der beschriebenen, einfacheren Bearbeitung. Die Werkzeuge zur Bearbeitung der Schmalseiten müssen lediglich radial, axial und in ihrer Neigung eingestellt werden, bleiben aber beim Durchlauf der Fassdaube durch die Maschine starr und müssen nicht gesteuert verstellt werden. Dies reduziert den Steuerungsaufwand und den Aufwand zur Erfassung der Werkstückposition beim Durchlauf wesentlich. Die Fassdauben haben direkt nach der Bearbeitung die ebenen Schmalseiten, mit denen sie beim Zusammensetzen des Fasses dicht aneinander liegen.The advantage of using curved raw barrel staves, which already have the ready-to-install curvature, also lies in the simpler processing described. The tools for processing the narrow sides only have to be adjusted radially, axially and in their inclination, but remain rigid when the stave passes through the machine and do not have to be adjusted in a controlled manner. This significantly reduces the control effort and the effort for detecting the workpiece position during the run. Immediately after processing, the barrel staves have the flat narrow sides with which they lie close together when the barrel is assembled.

Zur Bildung der gekrümmten Rohfassdaube können anstelle gerader Segmentstücke, die stirnseitig winklig bearbeitet werden und winklig aneinander liegen, auch in Längsrichtung gekrümmte Segmente verwendet werden, die stirnseitig rechtwinklig oder auch in einem anderen Winkel zusammengefügt sind.To form the curved raw barrel stave, instead of straight segment pieces, which are machined at an angle on the front side and lie against one another at an angle, it is also possible to use curved segments in the longitudinal direction, which are joined together on the front side at right angles or at a different angle.

Nach dem Zusammensetzen der Fassdauben 2 können am oberen und/oder unteren Ende Einfräsungen für einen Deckel angebracht werden.After assembling the staves 2, millings for a lid can be attached at the upper and/or lower end.

Für ein hochwertiges Aussehen kann die sichtbare Außenseite der Fassdauben 2 geschliffen werden.For a high-quality appearance, the visible outside of the staves 2 can be sanded.

Es ist weiter möglich, nach oder vor dem Zusammensetzen der Fassdauben 2 zum Holzfass 1 die Teile an der Innenseite mittels einer thermischen Behandlung (Beflammen, Rösten, Toasten) anzukohlen bzw. zu rösten oder zu toasten. Diese Behandlung bringt Vorteile im Hinblick auf die Geschmacksbeeinflussung (Barrique-Geschmack) eines im Holzfass 1 gelagerten Weins.It is also possible, after or before assembling the staves 2 to form the wooden barrel 1, to char or roast or close the parts on the inside by means of a thermal treatment (flaming, roasting, toasting). toast. This treatment has advantages with regard to influencing the taste (barrique taste) of a wine stored in wooden barrels 1 .

Zur Steigerung des Barrique-Geschmacks können in die Innenseite der Fassdaube 2 zur Oberflächenvergrößerung Schlitze oder Perforierungen eingebracht werden.To increase the barrique taste, slots or perforations can be introduced into the inside of the barrel stave 2 to increase the surface area.

Bei einer anderen Verfahrensweise zur Bearbeitung der Rohfassdauben kann die Schmalseite 23 mit den Nuten 24 bereits in der ersten Maschine bearbeitet werden. Sie hat eine weitere untere Spindel, auf der ein Hobelwerkzeug sitzt, mit dem die Nuten 24 in der beschriebenen Weise entfernt werden können. Die Spindel ist entsprechend geneigt angeordnet. Der Maschinentisch bzw. die Werkstückauflage ist im Bereich nach dieser unteren Spindel vorteilhaft ebenfalls geneigt angeordnet. Alternativ können die Werkstücke im Bereich dieser unteren Spindel von einer Transporteinheit aufgenommen werden, mittels derer sie zur Bearbeitung in Vorschubrichtung transportiert werden.In another procedure for processing the raw barrel staves, the narrow side 23 with the grooves 24 can already be processed in the first machine. It has another lower spindle on which sits a planing tool with which the grooves 24 can be removed in the manner described. The spindle is inclined accordingly. The machine table or the workpiece support is advantageously also arranged inclined in the area after this lower spindle. Alternatively, the workpieces can be picked up by a transport unit in the area of this lower spindle, by means of which they are transported in the feed direction for processing.

Bei einer anderen Ausführungsform werden auf der ersten Maschine die Ober- und Unterseite 21, 22 der Rohfassdauben 2 in der beschriebenen Weise bearbeitet. Die zweite Maschine ist so ausgebildet, dass spezielle Stützelemente die gekrümmte teilbearbeitete bzw. rohe Fassdaube 2 in exakter Lage von unten aufnehmen und linear durch die zweite Maschine transportieren. Für den Transport ist die Maschine mit einem Kettenvorschub versehen, an dem die Stützelemente vorgesehen sind. Bei diesem Vorschub werden die Fassdauben an ihren Schmalseiten 23, 35 im Durchlauf durch geneigt angeordnete rechte und linke Werkzeuge bearbeitet. Die Fassdauben 2 können beispielsweise von Robotern zugeführt und mit Robotern entnommen werden. Bei einer weiteren Ausführungsform werden auf der ersten Maschine vorteilhaft wiederum die Ober- und Unterseite 21, 22 der Fassdauben 2 in der beschriebenen Weise bearbeitet. Die zweite Maschine hat einen Maschinentisch, der eine entsprechend der Krümmung der Fassdaube 2 gekrümmt verlaufende Auflage für die Fassdaube 2 hat. Die Fassdauben 2 werden nicht linear durch die Maschine transportiert, sondern entlang des in Vorschubrichtung gekrümmt verlaufenden Maschinentisches. Die Fassdaube 2 wird an ihren Schmalseiten 23, 35 mit einem linken und einem rechten Werkzeug während ihres Durchlaufs bearbeitet. Um die notwendige Taillierung der Fassdaube zu erzeugen, werden die Werkzeuge während des Durchlaufs quer zur Vorschubrichtung gesteuert verstellt. Die Werkzeuge sind entsprechend der gewünschten Neigung der Schmalseiten geneigt angeordnet und können bei Bedarf ebenfalls während des Durchlaufs der Fassdaube 2 durch die zweite Maschine in ihrer Neigung gesteuert verstellt werden. Diese Verfahrensweise ist, wie beschrieben, bei der heutigen Bearbeitung von geraden Fassdauben bekannt.In another embodiment, the top and bottom 21, 22 of the raw barrel staves 2 are processed in the manner described on the first machine. The second machine is designed in such a way that special support elements receive the curved, partially processed or raw stave 2 in the exact position from below and transport it linearly through the second machine. The machine is equipped with a chain feed for transport, on which the support elements are provided. With this feed, the barrel staves are processed on their narrow sides 23, 35 as they pass through inclined right and left tools. The barrel staves 2 can, for example, be fed in by robots and removed with robots. In a further embodiment, the upper and lower sides 21, 22 of the staves 2 are advantageously again processed in the manner described on the first machine. The second machine has a machine table which has a support for the stave 2 which extends in a curved manner corresponding to the curvature of the stave 2 . The Barrel staves 2 are not transported linearly through the machine, but rather along the machine table, which is curved in the feed direction. The stave 2 is processed on its narrow sides 23, 35 with a left and a right tool during its passage. In order to create the necessary waisting of the barrel stave, the tools are adjusted transversely to the feed direction during the run. The tools are arranged inclined according to the desired inclination of the narrow sides and, if required, can also be adjusted in their inclination in a controlled manner while the barrel stave 2 is passing through the second machine. As described, this procedure is known in today's processing of straight barrel staves.

Claims (20)

  1. Stave for making wood barrels,
    characterized in that the stave (2) is composed of individual segments (2a to 2e) that are rigidly connected to one another on the face sides.
  2. Stave according to claim 1,
    characterized in that the individual segments (2a to 2e) are positively connected to one another.
  3. Stave according to claim 1 or 2,
    characterized in that the individual segments (2a to 2e) are designed straight.
  4. Stave according to one of claims 1 to 3,
    characterized in that at least the one face side (5, 15) of the individual segments (2a to 2e) is designed so as to be inclined relative to a plane (20, 20a) extending perpendicular to the upper or lower side (21, 22) of the individual segments (2a to 2e) by an acute angle (α).
  5. Stave according to one of claims 1 to 4,
    characterized in that the positive connection (3, 4) between the individual segments (2a to 2e) is designed in such a way that adjacent individual segments (2a to 2e) flatly abut on one another with their inclined face sides (5, 15).
  6. Stave according to one of claims 1 to 5,
    characterized in that the positive connection (3, 4) between the individual segments (2a to 2e) is a tongue and groove joint or a finger joint
  7. Stave according to one of claims 1 to 6,
    characterized in that the stave (2) is on its narrow sides (23, 35) provided with form-fit elements, by means of which adjacent staves (2) can be put together.
  8. Wood barrel (1) with staves (2) according to one of claims 1 to 7, which are put together in a sealing manner with their narrow sides (23, 35).
  9. Method of making staves (2) according to one of claims 1 to 8,
    characterized in that individual segments (2a to 2e) are assembled into a crude stave such that they abut on one another on the face sides.
  10. Method according to claim 9,
    characterized in that the individual segments (2a to 2e) are processed on their face sides (5, 15) in such a way that abutting individual segments (2a to 2e) lie angular to one another after the assembly and thereby form a crude stave that extends in a curved manner over its length.
  11. Method according to claim 9 or 10,
    characterized in that the upper side and the lower side of the crude stave are processed so as to form an outer side (21) respectivly an inner side (22), which respectively extend in a convex respectivly a concave manner over the length of the stave, in a continuous process.
  12. Method according to one of claims 9 to 11,
    characterized in that the crude stave is transported through a processing machine with a first narrow side (23) on a support, and in that the longitudinal sides (21, 22) of the crude stave, which respectively form the outer side or upper side and the inner side or lower side, are respectively processed with at least one tool (25, 26) during the pass through the processing machine.
  13. Method according to one of claims 9 to 12,
    characterized in that the outer side of the stave, which extends in a convex manner transverse to the longitudinal direction, is produced with one tool (25) and the inner side of the stave, which extends in a concave manner transverse to the longitudinal direction, is produced with the other tool (26).
  14. Method according to one of claims 9 to 13,
    characterized in that the opposite second narrow side (35) of the crude stave is processed with at least one additional tool (34).
  15. Method according to one of claims 9 to 14,
    characterized in that the crude stave, which is curved over its length, is linearly transported through the processing machine.
  16. Method according to one of claims 9 to 15,
    characterized in that at least one guide groove (24) extending in the feed direction (27) is produced in the first narrow side (23).
  17. Method according to one of claims 9 to 16,
    characterized in that the partially processed crude stave is turned after its pass through the processing machine such that the guide groove (24) in the first narrow side (23) is removed with a tool (41) in an additional processing step.
  18. Method according to one of claims 9 to 17,
    characterized in that the partially processed crude stave is guided in the feed direction (27) on both longitudinal sides (21, 22).
  19. Method according to one of claims 9 to 18,
    characterized in that the partially processed crude stave is guided on a stop (38) in the region of its two ends (39, 40).
  20. Method according to one of claims 9 to 19,
    characterized in that a guide (37) extending in the feed direction (27) abuts on the outer side of the partially processed crude stave, which extends in a convex manner between the ends (39, 40) of the stave.
EP20000467.9A 2019-12-19 2020-12-14 Stave, wood barrel with stave and method of making staves Active EP3838528B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019009022.5A DE102019009022A1 (en) 2019-12-19 2019-12-19 Barrel stave, wooden barrel with barrel staves and a process for making barrel staves

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3838528A1 EP3838528A1 (en) 2021-06-23
EP3838528B1 true EP3838528B1 (en) 2023-07-26

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
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US (1) US11833709B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3838528B1 (en)
DE (1) DE102019009022A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US300194A (en) * 1884-06-10 And emil m
US8288A (en) * 1851-08-12 Machine fob jointing staves
US1162995A (en) * 1914-06-17 1915-12-07 John B Fair Silo.
GB102841A (en) * 1915-05-16 1917-01-04 Joseph Michael Hommel Apparatus for Manufacturing Tubes with Staves.
US1372819A (en) * 1918-06-14 1921-03-29 Johansson Erik Handrail and the like and method of manufacturing same
AT91180B (en) * 1919-09-20 1923-02-10 Ludwig Drexler Single piece or stave for the formation of containers and processes for their manufacture.
CH267460A (en) * 1947-07-10 1950-03-31 Cesare Gerosa Container with side wall made up of longitudinal wooden elements, such as tub, bucket or similar.
GB797026A (en) * 1956-01-20 1958-06-25 Bataafsche Petroleum Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of curved balsa wood members and structures incorporating such members
FR2796587B1 (en) * 2000-06-09 2001-12-28 Groupe Vicard WOODEN BARREL, MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF, AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING SAME
US7654401B2 (en) * 2005-05-16 2010-02-02 Donald Obergoenner Wood joint for a barrelhead
US8016144B2 (en) * 2005-05-16 2011-09-13 Donald Obergoenner Wood joint for a barrelhead
FR2949375A1 (en) * 2009-08-26 2011-03-04 Seguin Moreau & C Wood container such as tank for making wine and breeding wine and brandy, comprises a set of peripheral staves, two end plates that define an internal volume of the tank and are made of wood pieces by finger joint, and a bottom plate
CN110653903A (en) * 2019-11-06 2020-01-07 吕志东 Tenon structure bamboo bucket basin

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EP3838528A1 (en) 2021-06-23
US11833709B2 (en) 2023-12-05
DE102019009022A1 (en) 2021-06-24
US20210187780A1 (en) 2021-06-24

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