EP0744255B1 - Device for cutting up logs and milling head for such a device - Google Patents

Abstract

The machine has one or more pairs of opposite driven cutter heads (6), each with two rings of chopping blades, and associated cutting saws. The rotation diameters of the chopping blades (14,18) of the two rings (12,16) are relatively adjustable. The active width of the blades in the rings with smaller diameters, is adjustable for side definition of the outer, more narrow of the two side planks to be cut. The rotary axis (10) of the cutter heads extends parallel to the cutting planes of the associated saws. The chopping blades in one ring are offset relative to those in the other ring.

Description

The invention relates to a device for cutting logs into Wood products and one for this suitable milling head.

A generic device is for example in DE-C-29 28 949 described. This device has i.a. Milling heads with cleaver, the cutting edges of which produce a cylinder jacket when rotating and thus run parallel to the axis of rotation of the head. The milling heads are for that intended to mill out tree-corner areas from a tree trunk, which already delimit side boards at the trunk, which are then by means of be cut with a saw. In a special embodiment can According to the cited publication, step milling cutters can also be used as milling heads with which two parallel corner folds are milled out simultaneously which then limit two side boards in pairs, which are cut off using saws.

According to DE-C-29 28 949, the width and depth of the to be worked out Corner folds only by the position of the milling head in relation to the processing tree trunk. When using a step mill one of the corners to be milled out by the immersion depth of the Determine the tool, but the dimensions of the second corner are in Relationship to the first corner by the dimensions of the tool, d. H. by the dimensions of its chopping knife ring of smaller diameter certainly. Should be the width and thickness of the narrower, outside Side boards regardless of the limit of the wider, inner Side board can be changed, so this is only with two separate, successive milling heads possible, each with a cleaver wear and in their immersion depth in the workpiece independently are adjustable.

The invention has for its object to provide a milling head for a device designated type to create that for the narrow-sided limitation of side boards to be separated on one side of a tree trunk two such has mirror-image milling heads, each of which is adjustable so that Thickness and width of the outer side board to be separated regardless of the dimensions of the inner side board are adjustable.

This task is fundamentally according to the Features of claim 1 solved.

Should be created with the device side boards that all sides have about the same state of finishing, so are the Assign cleaver knives to each finishing tool that the exposed from the side end of the cleaver and with the cutting edges of the Chopping knife an angle forming surface of the elaborated corner can be reworked. Such a procedure is in DE-C-29 18,622. Should the procedure explained there at The subject of the invention can be used in an optimal manner Align the drive shafts of the corner milling cutters so that they are parallel to the Cutting planes of the saws run.

Even if other arrangements are possible in principle, the claimed device described below with reference to an embodiment where the cutter head pairs rotate around vertical shafts and the Cutting the chopping knife accordingly run essentially vertically and describe a cylinder jacket with a vertical axis. The milling heads of a pair essentially stand in the vertical direction mirror image of each other and can therefore from a common, vertical drive shaft. A tree trunk to be processed moves horizontally through the device so that the mutual distance of the milling heads of a pair the width in vertical Direction of at least the wider of the two side boards to be bounded certainly. The immersion depth of the milling head pair in the horizontal direction determines the common thickness of both side boards. This immersion depth is generally the entire, both milling heads and their drive Tool unit adjustable in the horizontal direction. When sharing The drive shaft for a pair of milling heads can be the mutual vertical distance adjust the milling heads by moving them on the shaft.

If in connection with the present description in particular in with respect to the tools, especially the knives, of orientations is spoken, which only have to be "essentially" given this limitation takes into account the fact that knife cutting, too if they are given a basic orientation, often slightly oblique be aligned to a softer or increasing intervention in the Enable workpiece.

As already mentioned at the beginning, the width of the inner, the Trunk axis closer, wider side boards and the thickness of both too limiting side boards together by the immersion depth of the milling heads in vertical and horizontal direction determined in the tree trunk. Is this Position given once is the ratio in which the thickness of the whole side goods to be separated to the thickness of the inner and outer Side board is divided by the difference in the rotating diameter the chopping knife ring of larger diameter and the chopping knife ring smaller diameter determined. Since the difference is important here it is basically possible to either the rotational diameter of the Chopping knife ring of larger diameter in relation to Rotation diameter of the chopping knife ring smaller diameter change or vice versa. Is the radius for a change in diameter of the chopping knife ring of larger diameter must, of course correspondingly the immersion depth of the entire tool in the horizontal direction be changed in order to remain at the same side fabric thickness. The amount by which the outer board is narrower on each side than the inner side board, is determined by the effective width of the cutting edges of the cleaver smaller diameter determined. This effective width is essentially the projection that the cleaver of the wreath has a smaller diameter in the vertical direction over the vertical extension of the cleaver Have wreath of larger diameter on one side. This Overhang becomes relative to a variation in the width of the outer side board to the inner side board according to the invention held variable in that the Cleaver of the wreath of smaller diameter in different Cover with the chopping knives of the wreath of larger diameter are feasible, being more effective through the area of this coverage Lose width because the cleaver of the wreath is in the overlap area larger diameter have a larger working radius, so that the knife of the wreath of smaller diameter does not come into effect here. Around such an overlap of the rotating surfaces of the two cleaver knives enable, it is constructively expedient to in the cleaver of both rings to arrange their circumferential positions offset from each other, so that in Carrier body in those places where the cleaver of the wreath smaller diameter in their axial adjustment in the carrier body Enter more or less, no construction space for attaching the Cleaver of the wreath of larger diameter is needed.

The adjustability of the cleaver of a knife ring individually or overall compared to each other's knife ring can run different ways. A possible Adjustability exists by means of displaceability of the knives or their Knife carriers along complementary, linear profiles and by mutual Clamping using, for example, clamping screws in a certain one Position. Such an embodiment is suitable for a knife adjustment of Hand. But it is also possible in the carrier body of the milling head to provide remote actuating means, such as motorized Eccentric, spindle drives or other gears, but also hydraulic drives. Methods of supplying the required energy and the required Signals via rotary unions on the drive shafts are in the state of the Technology available.

The discussion of further advantageous embodiments of the invention is intended in following using a single milling head.

Basically, it is possible according to the invention to both adjustment directions to execute one of the two cleaver knives of a milling head, namely preferably on the chopping knives of the wreath of smaller diameter. Thereby, that the rotational diameter of both chopping knives only relative to one another need to be changeable, there is the possibility of adjusting the mutual radial distance of the cleaver from the axis of rotation to provide on the chopping knives of the wreath of larger diameter, while for changing the effective width of the chopping knife of the wreath smaller diameter their adjustment relative to the carrier body is provided by the chopping knife of the wreath of larger diameter are then arranged immovably in the axial direction.

In such an embodiment, the cleaver of the Wreath of smaller diameter in a separate carrier element be arranged, which as a whole more or less in the carrier body is designed to be immersible so as to ensure the axial projection of the cutting edges of the Knife ring of smaller diameter over the ends of the cutting edges of the Knife ring larger diameter can change together. A such an embodiment would be, for example, for a hydraulic adjustment drive suitable.

However, if you choose the way, you can adjust both adjustabilities individually Providing chopping knives of the wreath of smaller diameter can do this for each cleaver, for example, by means of a cross-slide guide take place, their movement games in both directions by suitable Locking means are adjustable for the individual case. For example, it is possible, the knife carrier carrying the actual cleaver to itself knife support extending substantially in the axial direction approximately radial direction to attach while the knife support itself in an axial guide is slidably disposed in the carrier body.

It has already been mentioned above that for the fine machining of each (with respect to the arrangement described) aligned horizontally Boundary surface of each elaborated corner on the milling head additionally Finishing tools can be provided. For those through the Chop knives wreath with a larger diameter are such Finishing tools in the radial boundary plane between the two To arrange cleaver knives. Here offer themselves as Finishing tools saw blade segments in the Circumferential space between the usually only two provided Cleaver of a wreath can be arranged. To the Keep the circumferential extent of such saw blade segments as large as possible can, it is appropriate to circumferentially the cleaver heads of both rings offset to each other, but not too far apart to be arranged so that a corresponding circumferential space for each Arrangement of the saw blade segments remains available. Become a Finishing a surface of the larger one from the cleaver Diameter worked corner provided such saw blade elements, it is expedient, the relative adjustability of the radial distance of the knife rings not to be provided to each other in the knife ring of larger diameter, because otherwise a corresponding radial adjustment for the saw blade segments should be provided.

For the finishing of one surface of the cleaver Smaller-diameter corner can also be additional Finishing tools are provided. Are the cleaver of the Wreath of smaller diameter in a substantially ring-shaped Element embedded, as is the case with the larger cleaver Diameter is common, could be used as finishing tools for the wreath smaller diameter saw blade segments can also be used. Also here would then be the restrictions regarding the radial Adjustability apply.

Both adjustments are smaller in the chopping knives of the wreath Diameter provided, it is advantageous as a finishing tool To provide finishing knives on the knife carriers for the cleaver of the Wreath of smaller diameter are provided because they are in such a Apply a radial adjustment of this cleaver with. This Finishing knives are additional knives, the cutting edge of which is essentially in a radial plane, i.e. in a plane that is perpendicular to the Knife cutting extends the cleaver.

To be as industrial as possible with milling heads of the type discussed here The number of chopping knives to produce recyclable wood chips in a knife ring preferably kept relatively small and exists generally only from two cleavers. This minimum number is alone for reasons of rotational symmetry and mass balance.

Fig. 1

einen schematisch dargestellten Teilbereich aus einer Vorrichtung zum Verlegen von Baumstämmen, der zwei Fräskopfpaare zeigt, die sich in eckenausarbeitendem Eingriff mit einem bereits vierseitig angeflachten Stamm oder Model befinden, und

Fig. 2

in perspektivischer Darstellung einen Fräskopf aus der Anordnung gemäß Fig. 1 mit zwei Hackmesserkränzen, die relativ zueinander verstellbar sind.

In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a special embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:

Fig. 1

a schematically illustrated partial area from a device for laying tree trunks, which shows two pairs of milling heads, which are in corner-working engagement with a trunk or model already flattened on four sides, and

Fig. 2

a perspective view of a milling head from the arrangement shown in FIG. 1 with two chopping knives, which are adjustable relative to each other.

In the partial view shown in Fig. 1 of a device for disassembly The cross-section of tree trunks in wood products is a tree trunk 2 shown, which is already flattened on four sides. From the rectangular Cross section can be derived that at the top and bottom of the Tribe already side boards in the same way and then limited were then separated as follows for the left and right side of the tree trunk 2 is explained. The tree trunk 2 is through a support member 4 is supported and moves in a direction perpendicular to Drawing plane through the device.

On both sides of the tree trunk 2 there is a pair of milling heads 6 shown. The two milling heads 6 of a pair are each one common shaft 8 rotatably driven, the axis of which each Axis of rotation 10 of a milling head 6. The waves 8 are with (not shown) provided rotary drives. The relative distance of a pair of milling heads 6 to each other in the vertical direction is by opposing Moving the milling heads 6 on the shaft 8 possible. The means to Adjust the milling heads in the vertical direction and to lock the Milling heads in a certain distance setting are not in detail shown.

Each milling head 6 has a ring 12 of chopping knives 14 larger Diameter and a wreath 16 of chopping knives 18 smaller Diameter. The only partially visible cutting edges of all cleaver 14 and 18 essentially run in the illustrated embodiment vertical direction in or parallel to the drawing plane.

It can be seen that the cleaver 14 when the log is moving 2 an inner corner 20 of the trunk profile perpendicular to the plane of the drawing and mill the cleaver 18 out of an outer corner 22. It is still recognizable that the size and location of the inner corners 20 by the immersion depth the milling heads 6 as a whole in the vertical and horizontal directions in the Tree trunk is determined. The formation of the outer corners 22 depends on the other hand, of the dimensions and position of the cleaver 18 of the knife ring 16 smaller diameters in relation to the location and dimensions the cleaver 14 of the knife ring 12 larger diameter.

To change the size and position of the outer corners 22 to be milled can, the cleaver 18 of the knife ring 16 are smaller in diameter itself adjustable relative to the milling heads 6. more details are explained using the exemplary embodiment of a milling head according to FIG. 2.

The cutter head 6 shown in perspective in FIG. 2 has one Carrier body 24 of substantially hollow cylindrical shape, in the Scope at diametrically opposite points the cleaver 14 des Cleaver of larger diameter are embedded. The cleaver 14 are in the carrier body 24 by means of a screwed-in knife holder 26 and a counter-screwed pressure plate 28 attached.

The lower edge 30 of the carrier body 24 shown in FIG. 2 does not reach in contact with the tree trunk, as easily shown by the bottom Milling heads can be seen in Fig. 1. He can do something to stiffen you have a larger diameter.

In the event that deviating from the illustration in Fig. 1, the upper and the lower side of the tree trunk has not yet been processed, is the vertical one Penetration depth of the chopping knife 14 of the chopping knife ring larger Diameter because of the taper of the tree trunks over the length of the Tree trunk changeable. The vertical penetration depth of the cleaver 18 smaller diameter, however, remains constant because they are in constant relation to the lower horizontal surface of the inner corner 20. Because of these Connections are the cutting of the cleaver 14 of the outer ring executed accordingly longer.

Reference is now made again to FIG. 2. The wreath of Cleavers of smaller diameter also have two diametrically opposing cleaver 18, but in their circumferential position compared to the chopping knives 14 of the larger diameter ring easily are staggered. The cleaver 18 are by means of pressure plates 32 clamped against knife carrier 34. These knife carriers 34 are in two directions substantially perpendicular to each other, namely on the one hand in axial direction of the milling head and in the substantially radial direction of the Milling head are adjustable.

Each knife carrier 34 itself is by means of screws 36 against a knife support 38 clamped, on which he loosened the screws 36 by means of radial T-slot guides movable and in different positions by the Screws 36 can be locked again.

The knife supports 38 in turn are not shown in (in the drawing) visible) axial guides within the carrier body 24 arranged. By means of a clamping block 40 and screws 42, the Lock knife supports 38 in different axial positions. How out Fig. 2 can be seen, the knife 18 immerse in an axial displacement Direction towards the carrier body 24 through openings 44 in the Carrier body so that their protrusion over the top edges of the cleaver 14 of the wreath larger diameter is changeable. With that one The section with which the knives 18 dip into the openings 44 is they not effective. Their effective length is just their overhang Top edge of the cleaver 14 also. This supernatant determines the vertical depth of the outer corners 22 in FIG. 1.

Between the chopping knives 18 of the ring, which can be adjusted in two directions smaller diameter, based on the representation of FIG. 2, on the Top of the carrier body 24 of the milling head saw blade segments 46 intended. These saw blade segments make a saw cut along the horizontal surfaces of the inner corners 20 according to FIG. 1. With that the vertical surfaces of the inner corners 20 by cutting the Cleaver 14 and the horizontal surfaces through the saw blade segments 46 processed.

Corresponding to the adjustable chopping knives 18 of the knife ring small diameter finishing knife 48 assigned. These are finishing knives attached to the outer edge of the knife carrier 34 in a manner that their Cut smaller in the tangential direction of the cleaver Diameter. They serve the same purpose as that Saw blade segments 46. Since the finishing knives 48 on the knife carriers 34 are attached, they carry out all adjustment movements of these knife carriers, so that they always remain in the same relative position to the chopping knives 18 and each finish the horizontal surfaces of the outer corners 22 in FIG. 1 or fine machining.

The adjustment of the chopping knife 18 of the small diameter knife ring in the milling head shown in Fig. 2 is done by hand. To run a precise setting it is advisable to briefly remove the milling head from the Take out device and in a correspondingly set teaching place, in which the loosened cleaver 14 then dimensionally accurate in a new position can be braced. An adjustment of the cleaver 18 by suitable automatic adjustment is also possible.

The milling head according to the invention makes it possible in a system in which step corners are to be worked out from a tree trunk with half the number of milling head drives or inventory on a large number of differently dimensioned tools to reduce.

Claims (17)

1. A milling head for milling out tree-edge corner strips, with a support body (24) attachable to a drive shaft and rotatable about an axis of rotation, wherein the support body (24) is provided with two chipper knife faces (12, 16) with at least two chipper knives (14, 18) for production of wood chips from the material of the corner strips to be milled out, whose cuts describe two, essentially cylindrical rotational surfaces of different diameters running essentially parallel to the axis of rotation (10) upon rotation,
   characterized in that the chipper knives (14, 18) can be adjusted by means of one of the chipper knife faces (12, 16) with their cuts in their radial distance from the axis of rotation (10) in the support body (24), for changing alterations of the diameter of one of the rotational surfaces in their ratio, and
   the excess length of the cuts of the chipping knife face (16) of a smaller diameter can be altered over the axial extension of the cuts of the cutting knife rim (12) of a greater diameter, for adjustment of a desired, effective width of the cuts of the chipping knife face (16) of smaller diameter.
2. The milling head according to claim 1, characterized in that the chipping knives (14, 18) of one of the chipping knife faces (12, 16) with reference to their circumferential position are arranged offset to the chipping knives (18, 14) of the other chipping knife face (16, 12).
3. The milling head according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the chipping knife face of smaller diameter is provided with firmly clamped chipping knives and the chipping knife face of greater diameter is provided with chipping knives, with which the radial distance of the knife cuts from the axis of rotation can be adjusted.
4. The milling head according to claim 3, characterized in that the chipping knives of the chipping knife face of smaller diameter are arranged commonly on one support element, which more or less is submerged in an axial direction in the support body and can be stopped in different submerged positions in the support body.
5. The milling head according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the knife supports (34) of the chipping knives (18) of the chipping knife face (16) of smaller diameter are guided on the support body (24) in the manner of a cross slide and can be stopped in different positions of the cross slide-type guides.
6. The milling head according to claim 5, characterized in that each knife support (34) of the chipping knife face (16) of smaller diameter is guided displaceably in an essentially radial direction on a knife bearing (38) and can be stopped on this by of clamping means (36).
7. The milling head according to claim 6, characterized in that each knife bearing (38) is guided displaceably in the axial direction in a knife head guide in the support body (24) and can be stopped on this by of clamping means (40, 42).
8. The milling head according to at least one of claims 1 - 7, characterized in that the support bodies (24) are provided on a front side of chipping knife face (12) with greater diameter facing the chipping knife face (16) of smaller diameter with fine machining tools for machining that surface of the corner (20) machined out from the chipping knife face (16) of greater diameter, which forms an angle with the cuts of the chipping knife (14) of the face (16) of greater diameter.
9. The milling head according to claim 8, characterized in that the fine machining tools are saw blade elements (46).
10. The milling head according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the fine machining tools are arranged in circumferential intermediate spaces between the chipping knives (14, 18).
11. The milling head according to at least one of claims 1 - 10, characterized in that the chipping knife face (16) of small diameter is provided on its front side facing away from the chipping knife face (12) with large diameter with fine machining tools (48).
12. The milling head according to claim 11, characterized in that the fine machining tools are plane knives (48), whose cuts lie essentially in a radial plane.
13. The milling head according to claim 12, characterized in that the plane knives (48) are mounted on the free front sides of the knife support (34) of the chipping knife face (16) of smaller diameter.
14. The milling head according to at least one of claims 1 - 13, characterized in that the adjustable chipping knives (18) are formed for manual adjustability.
15. The milling head according to at least one of claims 1 - 13, characterized in that the adjustable chipping knives are provided with adjustment drives.
16. A device for cutting up logs (2) in wood production with at least one pair of opposite milling heads (6) rotatable about an axis of rotation according to one or more of claims 1 - 15, each with two faces (12, 16) of at last two chipping knives (14, 18), whose cuts run essentially parallel to the axis of rotation (10), for lateral limitation of two, adjacent side planks of different widths on a side of the log by milling out respectively two parallel, tree-edge corner strips, whereby the cuts of the two chipping knife faces lie on different rotational diameters and the chipping knives are suited for producing wood chips from the corner material to be machined out, as well as splitting saw means associated with each milling head pair for splitting off these two side planks,
    wherein the rotational diameter of the chipping knifes (14, 18) of the two chipping knife faces (12, 16) can be adjusted relative to one another and the effective width of the chipping knife (18) of the chipping knife face (16) of small diameter opposite to the milling head (6) of the pair can be adjusted for lateral limitation of the outer-lying, narrower of the two side planks.
17. The device according to claim 16, characterized in that the axis of rotation (10) of at least one pair of milling heads (6) runs parallel to the cutting plane of the associated splitting saw means.

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