EP3793944A1 - Procede de preparation d'un oxyde metallique lithie pouvant etre utilise comme materiau actif d'electrode positive - Google Patents
Procede de preparation d'un oxyde metallique lithie pouvant etre utilise comme materiau actif d'electrode positiveInfo
- Publication number
- EP3793944A1 EP3793944A1 EP19790597.9A EP19790597A EP3793944A1 EP 3793944 A1 EP3793944 A1 EP 3793944A1 EP 19790597 A EP19790597 A EP 19790597A EP 3793944 A1 EP3793944 A1 EP 3793944A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- organic ligands
- lithium
- coordination polymer
- elements
- groups
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- C01G53/40—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element
- C01G53/42—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
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- C01D15/02—Oxides; Hydroxides
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- C01G45/1221—Manganates or manganites with trivalent manganese, tetravalent manganese or mixtures thereof
- C01G45/1228—Manganates or manganites with trivalent manganese, tetravalent manganese or mixtures thereof of the type (MnO2)-, e.g. LiMnO2 or Li(MxMn1-x)O2
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- C01G45/1242—Manganates or manganites with trivalent manganese, tetravalent manganese or mixtures thereof of the type (Mn2O4)-, e.g. LiMn2O4 or Li(MxMn2-x)O4
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- C01G53/50—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type (MnO2)n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2 or Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
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- C07D239/26—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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- C07D241/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a lithiated metal oxide which can be used as active material for a positive electrode in a lithium battery, and more specifically in a battery of the lithium-ion type.
- Lithium-ion batteries are particularly interesting for the fields where the autonomy is a paramount criterion, such as it is the case of the field of the portable devices (such as the mobile phones, the portable computers) or the field of the transport such as the electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, or even medical, space or microelectronics fields.
- the autonomy is a paramount criterion, such as it is the case of the field of the portable devices (such as the mobile phones, the portable computers) or the field of the transport such as the electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, or even medical, space or microelectronics fields.
- lithium-ion batteries are based on the principle of intercalation-deintercalation of lithium within the constituent materials of the electrodes of the electrochemical cells of the battery.
- the reaction at the origin of the production of current involves the transfer, by means of an electrolyte conducting lithium ions. , of lithium cations coming from a negative electrode which are inserted in the acceptor network of the positive electrode, while electrons coming from the reaction to the negative electrode will feed the external circuit, to which the positive electrode are connected and negative.
- the positive electrode and, more specifically, the active material of the positive electrode is the properties of the active material of the positive electrode which will determine the energy density, the voltage and the lifetime of the battery.
- One of the main positive electrode active materials used is a lithiated oxide from the family of lamellar oxides: UC0O2, which has a high energy density, a good lifetime (greater than 500 cycles) and allows, in torque, with an active material of the graphite type at the negative electrode to supply a large voltage (in particular, of the order of 3.6 V), the main drawback being its cost linked to the use of cobalt.
- lithiated oxide type materials can be prepared by different routes.
- lithiated oxide based on manganese, cobalt and nickel this can be prepared by a process involving co-precipitation during which:
- a solution of nickel, manganese and cobalt sulphates is precipitated with a soda or carbonate solution, whereby a hydroxide or a mixed carbonate comprising nickel, manganese and cobalt results;
- the mixed hydroxide or carbonate obtained is calcined at temperatures above 700 ° C. with a source of lithium (for example, LiOH, U2CO3) in order to form the desired oxide.
- a source of lithium for example, LiOH, U2CO3
- a so-called “all solid” process in which a carbonate comprising the various metallic elements to be incorporated in the desired oxide or a mixture of carbonates each comprising one metallic elements to be incorporated into the desired oxide are intimately mixed with a lithium source, the resulting mixture then being calcined at temperatures above 700 ° C.
- the authors of the present invention have set themselves the objective of proposing a process for the preparation of a lithiated oxide comprising one or more other metallic elements which is simple to implement and does not require complex and expensive equipment, which allows obtaining specific and controlled morphologies (for example, in phase with the use of the oxide thus obtained as lithium insertion material) and which can be part of a process for recycling a used material (for example, a process recycling of an active electrode material of the lithiated oxide type based on one or more other metallic elements).
- step b) a step of calcining the mixture resulting from step a).
- coordination polymer a periodic organometallic assembly formed by iteration of metallic centers (formed in our case by the other metallic element (s)) linked together by molecules establishing connections coordination with metal centers (these molecules constituting ligands). More specifically, in our case, the coordination polymer is formed by the other metallic element (s) in cationic form linked together via organic groups carried by organic ligands, these organic groups establishing coordination bonds with the or the other metallic elements (which groups can be qualified as complexing groups). Its properties (shape, porosity and specific surface) are a function of the choice of the ligand (s) constituting the coordination polymer.
- coordination polymer can be used the terminology “metallo-organic network” (corresponding to the English terminology “metal-organic framework”, the abbreviation MOF being also used to designate this type of network) .
- the invention is fundamentally different from the prior art in that the lithiated oxide comprising one or more other metallic elements is obtained from a coordination polymer subjected to a calcination step in the presence of a lithium source, which advantageously makes it possible, in a single step, to remove the organic part of the coordination polymer and to form the lithiated oxide thus desired.
- the other metal element (s) of the lithiated oxide prepared according to the process of the invention can be chosen from the transition metal elements (such as manganese, cobalt, nickel and mixtures thereof), the elements post-transition metals (such as aluminum) and mixtures thereof. More specifically, the metallic element or elements can be chosen from manganese, cobalt, nickel and mixtures of these.
- the lithiated oxide comprises only one other metallic element, it can be qualified as monometallic lithiated oxide and when it comprises several other metallic elements, it can be of multimetallic lithiated oxide.
- the lithiated oxides capable of being obtained at the end of the process of the invention can be:
- LiM0 2 lamellar oxides of formula LiM0 2 , where M can denote Co, Ni, Mn, Al and mixtures of these, such as UC0O2, LiNi0 2 , Li (Ni, Mn, Co) 0 2 , Li (Ni, Co, Mn, AI) 0 2 ;
- lithiated lamellar oxides or of spinel structure constitute good candidates for constituting active materials of positive electrode intended to enter into the constitution of lithium batteries. It is understood that a positive electrode is the electrode which acts as cathode, when the battery delivers current (that is to say when it is in the process of discharge) and which acts as anode when the battery is being charged.
- the method of the invention comprises a step a) of bringing at least one coordination polymer comprising the other metallic element or elements linked together by organic ligands with a source of lithium.
- the organic ligands comprise at least two groups establishing coordination bonds with the other metal element (s), the coordination bonds being established, conventionally, between free doublets and / or negative charges carried by these groups.
- This or these ligands can be qualified as polydentate ligands (because they include several groups establishing coordination bonds with the metal element (s)) and more specifically, bidentate ligands, when they include two of these groups, ligands tridentate when they include three of these groups or tetradentate ligands, when they include four of these groups.
- a first type of ligand consisting of organic ligands comprising at least two groups chosen from the —COOR groups, the OH groups and combinations thereof, with R representing a hydrogen atom or a monovalent cation, for example, an alkaline element cation (in the latter case, the organic ligands can be qualified as carboxylate ligands);
- a second type of ligands consisting of aromatic compounds comprising at least one ring comprising at least two nitrogen atoms;
- organic ligands of the first type there may be mentioned, advantageously, aromatic compounds comprising at least one ring comprising at least two groups chosen from the groups -COOR, the groups -OH and the combinations thereof, R being such that defined above.
- organic ligands of the family of terephthalic acids and, more specifically, of the family of hydroxyterephthalic acids such as, for example, 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid (known as abbreviation 2,5-dht) of formula (I) below:
- this type of ligand is particularly suitable for forming a coordination polymer with at least one metallic element chosen from cobalt, nickel, manganese and mixtures of these.
- the above-mentioned 2,5-dhtp ligand is capable of forming a coordination polymer with at least one bivalent cation (for example, a cobalt cation, a manganese cation, a nickel cation and mixtures thereof ), this coordination polymer being known under the terminology of MOF-74.
- These compounds may also have one or more substituents (for example, an alkyl group) at the carbon atoms of the ring (s).
- substituents for example, an alkyl group
- imidazole compounds for the five-membered monocyclic aromatic compounds comprising two carbon atoms, particularly advantageous compounds are imidazole compounds, in particular those corresponding to at least one of the following formulas (II) to (V):
- imidazole for the compound of formula (II)
- 2-methylimidazole for the compound of formula (III)
- 4-methylimidazole for the compound of formula (IV)
- 2-ethylimidazole for the compound of formula (V)
- benzimidazole compounds for the bicyclic aromatic compounds, one of the rings of which is a five-membered ring having two nitrogen atoms, particularly advantageous compounds are benzimidazole compounds and, in particular, the compound corresponding to the following formula (VI):
- particularly advantageous compounds can be those corresponding to one of the formulas (VII) to (IX) below:
- pyridazine for the compound of formula (VII)
- pyrimidine for the compound of formula (VIII)
- pyrazine for the compound of formula (IX)
- particularly advantageous compounds may be those corresponding to one of the following formulas (X) to (XII):
- These specific ligands of the second type are, in particular, capable of forming a coordination polymer with cobalt and in particular, the imidazole compounds which are capable of forming with a divalent cation, such as cobalt, a coordination polymer with known zeolitic framework under the name ZIF (ZIF corresponding to the abbreviation of "Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks”). More particularly, the 2-methylimidazole of the above-mentioned formula (III) can form a coordination polymer with the cobalt known under the terminology ZIF-8.
- the coordination polymer is brought into contact, according to step a), with a source of lithium.
- the source of lithium can be a lithium salt, such as lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide or lithium acetate.
- the lithium source is advantageously used in excess relative to the coordination polymer (s), for example, an excess of up to 5 mol% relative to the stoichiometric amount.
- the mixture from step a) is then subjected to a calcination step, so as to form the lithiated oxide comprising the other metallic element or elements.
- the temperature and the duration of calcination will be chosen by a person skilled in the art so as to obtain the oxide phase in the desired crystallized form, this temperature and duration being able to be easily determined by a person skilled in the art by tests. prerequisites consisting in determining as a function of the phase sought (this being detectable by X-ray diffractometry) the appropriate temperature and duration couple.
- the calcination step can be carried out at a temperature ranging from 700 ° C to 1000 ° C, and preferably from 800 ° C to 1000 ° C for a period ranging from 12 hours to 24 hours.
- this calcination step is carried out in the open air or under a controlled oxygen atmosphere.
- the lithiated oxide obtained at the end of the process of The invention has a morphology similar to that of the coordination polymer present in the mixture.
- particular morphologies of lithiated oxide can be obtained according to the method of the invention by choosing to use a coordination polymer having the desired morphology.
- the process of the invention may further comprise a step of preparing the coordination polymer (s) used in step a), this preparation step possibly comprising the following operations :
- the solvent used in operation a1) may be an organic solvent, water or a mixture thereof (for example, a mixture of a protic apolar solvent, such as dimethylformamide, and water).
- the other metallic element or elements of operation a1) are obtained by dissolving a metallic salt or a mixture of metallic salts in the solvent.
- the counterion of the metal salt can be an inorganic ion, for example, a nitrate, a carbonate, a chloride, or a sulfate, or an organic ion, for example an acetate.
- the metal ion or ions of operation a1) can be obtained by dissolving a metal, an alloy of several metals, a metal oxide, or a lithiated metal oxide.
- the metal ion or ions of operation a1) can be obtained by dissolving a used material comprising the said metallic element or elements, this used material possibly being a used active material coming from a battery. or a catalyst.
- any material containing, metallic species to be recovered for example, cobalt, nickel, manganese, and / or iron, can be recycled to make new materials with particular morphologies according to the invention.
- the method of the invention can thus be part of a process for recycling used materials comprising the other metallic element or elements, which it is desired to incorporate into the lithiated oxide in accordance with the method of the invention.
- the method of the invention can be part of the recycling of used battery electrodes and thus allows the preparation of new electrodes from used electrodes.
- the lithiated oxides obtained according to the process of the invention can be recycled when they reach the end of their service life by the implementation of a new process in accordance with the invention.
- the organic ligand (s) can be used in stoichiometric quantity, or slightly in excess with respect to the metallic element (s). It is understood that the choice of ligand (s) will be made so that they can be complex with the metallic element or elements which it is desired to obtain in the coordination polymer.
- the organic ligand (s) when the solution contains metallic elements of different natures, the organic ligand (s) must be selective with respect to the metallic element, which it is desired to see incorporated into the coordination polymer.
- the choice of ligands is wider, insofar as the only criterion which governs the choice of ligands is the capacity of the ligand (s) to complex the single metallic element (without the need for strict selectivity with respect to this metallic element).
- the solution of operation a1) contains the said metallic element or elements intended to enter into the constitution of the lithiated oxide, to which it can be added:
- ligands each of which is reactive with respect to at least one of the metallic elements, each of the metallic elements having to be ultimately complexed with at least one of the ligands chosen.
- the organic ligand (s) conventionally form with the metallic element (s) a precipitate corresponding to the coordination polymer (s) mentioned above.
- the heating of operation a3) can be carried out, for example, at a temperature ranging from 50 ° C to 200 ° C, and preferably from 80 ° C to 160 ° C.
- the duration of the heating ranges, for example, from 1 hour to 48 hours, and preferably from 16 hours to 24 hours, whereby the coordination polymer (s) is obtained.
- FIGS. 1A, 2A, 3A and 4A are schematic representations of different coordination polymers, according to different embodiments of the invention.
- FIGS. 1B, 2B, 3B and 4B are schematic representations of different oxides obtained after calcination of the coordination polymers shown respectively in FIGS. 1A, 2A, 3A and 4A, according to different embodiments of the invention;
- FIGS. IC, 2C, 3C and 4C are X-ray diffraction spectra of the coordination polymers shown respectively in FIGS. IA, 2A, 3A and 4A;
- FIGS. 1D, 2D, 3D and 4D are X-ray diffraction spectra of the oxides represented respectively in FIGS. 1B, 2B, 3B and 4B;
- FIGS. 1E, 2E, 3E and 4E are graphs representing the capacity C (in mAh / g) as a function of the number of cycles N to C / 10 of the oxides represented respectively in FIGS. 1B, 2B, 3B and 4B; and
- FIG. 1F is a graph representing the capacity C (in mAh / g) as a function of the number of cycles at IC of the metal oxide represented in FIG. IB.
- the present example relates to the synthesis of a lamellar oxide of Li type (Nii / 3 Mni / 3 Coi / 3 ) 0 2 from a coordination polymer based on 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid and metal elements cobalt, nickel and manganese (this coordination polymer can be called MOF-74) which is reacted with lithium carbonate to form the aforementioned lithiated oxide.
- This coordination polymer can be called MOF-74
- the reaction scheme is illustrated symbolically in FIGS. 1A and 1B by representation of the coordination polymer MOF-74 and of the lithiated oxide having different octahedral sheets 1 comprising cobalt, manganese and nickel between which are placed intermediate sheets 3 d 'lithium ions.
- 2,5-Dihydroxyterephthalic acid (2,5-dhtp) (0.10 g) is introduced into the mixture.
- the solution is then transferred to an autoclave and is then heated at 160 ° C for 24 hours.
- a black powder is obtained.
- An X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) confirms that it is a MOF-74 (Ni x Mn y Co z ) 2 (2,5-dhtp), the result of this analysis being illustrated in the figure IC.
- This material is then mixed with 0.23 g of lithium carbonate (3.3% excess in relation to the stoichiometry relative to the 7.24 mmol of MOF-74 recovered) then is calcined at 900 ° C. for 24 hours.
- X-ray diffraction analysis of the powder obtained shows the production of a lithiated metal oxide in lamellar form Li (Nii / 3 Mni / 3 Coi / 3 ) 0 2 , the result of this analysis being illustrated in Figure 1D.
- the lithiated oxide thus obtained is subjected to electrochemical tests, so as to determine the evolution of its specific capacity as a function of the number of cycles, the results being reported in FIG. 1E (for a C / 10 regime) and in FIG. 1F (for an IC diet).
- the result is, for a C / 10 regime, a capacity ranging between 150 and 120 mAh / g between 0 and 100 cycles and, for an IC regime, a capacity ranging between 120 and 100 mAh / g between 0 and 100 cycles.
- the present example relates to the synthesis of a lamellar oxide LiCo0 2 from a coordination polymer based on 2-methylimidazole and cobalt (ce coordination polymer which may be called ZIF-8) which is reacted with lithium carbonate to form the aforementioned lamellar oxide.
- reaction scheme is illustrated symbolically in FIGS. 2A and 2B by representation of the coordination polymer ZIF 8 in FIG. 2 A and, in FIG. 2B, of lithiated oxide having different octahedral sheets 5 comprising the cobalt between which are arranged insert sheets 7 of lithium ions.
- the X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) of the powder obtained shows the production of a lithiated metal oxide in lamellar form UC0O2, the result of this analysis being illustrated in FIG. 2D.
- the lithiated oxide thus obtained is subjected to electrochemical tests, so as to determine its specific capacity, the results being reported in FIG. 2E (for a C / 10 regime).
- the result is an initial specific capacity of 120 mAh / g.
- the present example relates to the synthesis of a lamellar oxide of the LiMn 2 0 4 type from a coordination polymer based on 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid and manganese (this coordination polymer can be called MOF- 74) which is reacted with lithium carbonate to form the above-mentioned lithiated oxide.
- the reaction scheme is illustrated symbolically in FIGS. 3A and 3B by representation of the coordination polymer MOF-74 and of the lithiated oxide of spinel structure.
- MOF-74 coordination polymer
- lithiated oxide of spinel structure 1.37 g of Mn (NO 3 ) 2 * 4H 2 0 is dissolved in a solution comprising 55 ml of dimethylformamide and 2.5 ml of water.
- 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid (0.56 g in 2.5 ml of water) is introduced into the mixture.
- the solution is then transferred to an autoclave and is then heated at 160 ° C for 24 hours.
- An X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) confirms that it is a coordination polymer of the MOF-74 type, the result of this analysis being illustrated in FIG. 3C.
- the X-ray diffraction analysis of the powder obtained shows that a spinel phase of LiMn 2 0 4 is obtained, as shown in FIG. 3D.
- the lithiated oxide thus obtained is subjected to electrochemical tests, so as to determine its specific capacity, the results being reported in FIG. 3E (for a C / 10 regime).
- the result is an initial specific capacity of 100 mAh / g.
- the present example relates to the synthesis of a lamellar oxide LiCo0 2 from a coordination polymer based on 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid and cobalt (this coordination polymer can be called MOF-74) which is reacted with lithium carbonate to form the aforementioned lithiated oxide.
- reaction scheme is illustrated symbolically in FIGS. 4A and 4B by representation of the coordination polymer MOF-74 and of the lithiated lamellar oxide having different octahedral sheets 9 comprising the cobalt between which are placed intermediate sheets 11 of lithium ions
- the X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) of the powder obtained shows the production of a lithiated metal oxide in lamellar form LiCo0 2 , the result of this analysis being illustrated in FIG. 4D.
- the lithiated oxide thus obtained is subjected to electrochemical tests, so as to determine the evolution of its specific capacity as a function of the number of cycles, the results being reported in FIG. 4E (for a C / 10 regime).
- the result is an initial specific capacity of 105 mAh / g, which remains stable for at least 50 cycles.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1855347A FR3082513B1 (fr) | 2018-06-18 | 2018-06-18 | Procede de preparation d'un oxyde metallique lithie pouvant etre utilise comme materiau actif d'electrode positive |
| PCT/FR2019/051484 WO2019243729A1 (fr) | 2018-06-18 | 2019-06-18 | Procede de preparation d'un oxyde metallique lithie pouvant etre utilise comme materiau actif d'electrode positive |
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| US (1) | US12077451B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3793944A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN112334411A (fr) |
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| WO (1) | WO2019243729A1 (fr) |
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| FR3114691B1 (fr) | 2020-09-29 | 2023-02-17 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procédé de préparation d’un matériau actif d’électrode positive du type oxyde métallique lithié comprenant du titane |
| CN115636430B (zh) * | 2021-07-20 | 2024-04-09 | 深圳市研一新材料有限责任公司 | 一种锂离子电池用复合锂盐及其制备方法 |
| CN113979484A (zh) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-01-28 | 盐城工学院 | 一种多孔结构LiCoO2锂离子电池正极材料及其制备方法 |
| CN115295748B (zh) * | 2022-01-25 | 2024-05-17 | 浙江理工大学 | 一种利用多金属mof前驱体制备锂离子电池单晶三元正极材料的方法及其产品 |
| CN117263168B (zh) * | 2023-09-21 | 2025-12-12 | 北京科技大学 | 一种纳米多孔碳材料及应用和利用其回收锂电池中有价金属的方法 |
| CN120784314A (zh) * | 2025-07-01 | 2025-10-14 | 江门市科恒实业股份有限公司 | 一种有机金属框架包覆的钴酸锂正极材料及其制备方法、应用 |
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| EP2561568A1 (fr) * | 2010-04-21 | 2013-02-27 | Basf Se | Nouvelles structures organométalliques constituant un matériau d'électrode pour accumulateurs lithium-ion |
| JP2013040119A (ja) * | 2011-08-12 | 2013-02-28 | Univ Of Tokyo | 水酸基が導入された多孔性配位高分子を用いた水素吸蔵 |
| CN104577097B (zh) * | 2013-10-25 | 2017-09-22 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种制备锂的过渡金属氧化物正极材料的方法 |
| CN104307482B (zh) * | 2014-10-14 | 2016-08-24 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | 功能化zif类型金属有机骨架多孔材料、其制备方法与应用 |
| CN106876693A (zh) * | 2015-12-10 | 2017-06-20 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种锂的过渡金属氧化物及其制备和应用 |
| FR3059831B1 (fr) * | 2016-12-01 | 2020-02-21 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Utilisation de l'acide 4,5-imidazoledicarboxylique comme materiau actif d'electrode |
| CN108336308A (zh) * | 2017-01-20 | 2018-07-27 | 华为技术有限公司 | 一种锂硫电池正极保护材料及其应用 |
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- 2019-06-18 WO PCT/FR2019/051484 patent/WO2019243729A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2019-06-18 US US17/252,906 patent/US12077451B2/en active Active
- 2019-06-18 CN CN201980041041.6A patent/CN112334411A/zh active Pending
- 2019-06-18 EP EP19790597.9A patent/EP3793944A1/fr active Pending
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| WO2019243729A1 (fr) | 2019-12-26 |
| FR3082513B1 (fr) | 2020-09-25 |
| US12077451B2 (en) | 2024-09-03 |
| CN112334411A (zh) | 2021-02-05 |
| FR3082513A1 (fr) | 2019-12-20 |
| US20210261434A1 (en) | 2021-08-26 |
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