EP3789334B1 - Dispositif de freinage pour appareil élévateur et procédé de freinage associé - Google Patents

Dispositif de freinage pour appareil élévateur et procédé de freinage associé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3789334B1
EP3789334B1 EP20382791.0A EP20382791A EP3789334B1 EP 3789334 B1 EP3789334 B1 EP 3789334B1 EP 20382791 A EP20382791 A EP 20382791A EP 3789334 B1 EP3789334 B1 EP 3789334B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
braking
guide
cabin
arm
braking device
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EP20382791.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3789334A1 (fr
Inventor
Raúl ALONSO RAMILA
Endika COCHO ERAUSKIN
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Orona S Coop
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Orona S Coop
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
    • B66B5/16—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well
    • B66B5/18—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well and applying frictional retarding forces
    • B66B5/20—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well and applying frictional retarding forces by means of rotatable eccentrically-mounted members
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
    • B66B5/16—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well
    • B66B5/18—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well and applying frictional retarding forces

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of elevator safety devices, more specifically to the one related to braking or holding devices that act between the cabin and the elements or fixed surfaces for guiding the elevator shaft by means of linearly movable wedges, and refers in particular to an electromechanical actuating device for activating the parachute of an elevator apparatus, such as an elevator, in emergency situations.
  • the invention also relates to a method for braking elevator apparatuses associated with the device.
  • Safety systems commonly used in elevators generally consist of emergency braking devices that are used to stop an elevator cabin in cases where it reaches excessively high speeds, which can occur, for example, due to defects in control or control activation of its brake, due to wire breaks and unhooking.
  • These emergency braking devices are also used to prevent uncontrolled movements of the cabin, such as, for example, sliding out of the stop position. They can also be activated to lock the cabin in a certain position, such as, for example, to temporarily secure the safety space during the performance of inspection or maintenance operations of the elevator.
  • Safety electronic is increasingly used in the technical field of elevator safety systems, and electronic safety systems can be classified into the active type, which require a power supply for positive actuation of the safety mechanism, and into the passive type, which require the power supply to keep the security system in an operating holding state.
  • passive security systems offer an increased functionality, they have the great disadvantage of requiring a continuous supply of power to be operational, involving increased power expenditure, thus increasing the operating costs of the apparatus. Furthermore, such passive systems typically have larger components due to high power requirements during operation, which adversely affects the overall size, weight, and efficiency of the apparatus.
  • the actuator installed in the elevator cabin, also referred to as the traveling assembly.
  • This actuator allows a safe operation in the event of any risk event detected by the positioning system and must ensure braking that will be carried out in the traditional way, in the manner of conventional wedging.
  • the main difference is in the braking activation, which is electromechanical, rather than mechanical, by a speed limiter.
  • the PCT patent with publication number WO2013052059 describes a braking system that includes two or more braking surfaces located in an elevator cabin and that can frictionally engage a rail.
  • One or more actuators are located in the elevator cabin and are operatively connected to a braking surface. The actuators are configured to drive engagement and disengagement of the braking surface with the rail to stop and hold the elevator cabin during operation.
  • one or more braking guides are located in the elevator cabin to maintain a selected distance between the two or more braking surfaces and the rail.
  • Patent document with publication number EP1902993 discloses an elevator braking system comprising a braking member that guides a roller, wherein the member is designed as a guide that can be moved relative to a guide rail and a pressure body.
  • the guide directly cooperates with the roller and is formed in such a way that it moves to a pole-distant position during de-energization of electromagnets for the guide rail, so that the roller contacts the guide rail and moves into a wedge space, and temporarily brings the guide device from the pole-distant position to a position near to the pole.
  • European patent EP3147248 relates to a braking system for an elevator structure guided along a guide rail.
  • the braking system includes a braking member having a braking surface configured to frictionally engage the guide rail, the braking member being movable between a braking position and a non-braking position.
  • a braking member driving mechanism operatively coupled thereto and configured to drive it from the non-braking position to the braking position, such that the driving mechanism remains coupled to the braking member in the braking position for controlling the braking force applied on the elevator structure by frictional engagement between the guide rail and the braking member.
  • the international PCT application with publication number WO2017087978 describes a selectively operable magnetic braking system comprising a safety brake adapted to stop movement when moving from a non-braking state to a braking state, and a magnetic brake configured to move between an engaged position and an unengaged position.
  • the magnetic brake when in the engaged position, moves the safety brake from the non-braking state to the braking state, and an electromagnetic component configured to hold the magnetic brake with holding power in the unengaged position.
  • the Spanish patent with publication number ES2622333 relates to an elevator with a cabin guided on guide rails and with a safety brake arranged in the cabin and designed to exert a braking force on the guide if a safety criterion is not met.
  • the safety brake comprises a brake box provided with a wedge-shaped opening into which at least a part of a guide rail can be inserted; a brake body capable of being inserted into the opening between a surface of the brake housing delimiting the wedge-shaped opening and a guide surface of the guide rail; an actuating mechanism by which an actuating force can be transmitted on the brake body and by which the brake body can be pressed on the delimiting surface and the guide surface; and a release mechanism that is connected to the brake body and holds it in the rest position against the activation force.
  • the invention is characterized in that the release mechanism has at least one articulated arm that can be placed in an extended position and a bent position.
  • US2007/007083 discloses a braking device for an elevator apparatus, according to the pre
  • a system is described with an activation mechanism that places the braking element between guide and block, and an independent deactivation mechanism with an articulated arm for reassembling that acts on the first activation mechanism.
  • This articulated mechanism also reassembles in its extended position.
  • the object of the invention consists of a braking device for elevator apparatus, which comprises, among other elements, an articulated actuating mechanism, electromechanically actuated and configured to cause emergency braking, by wedging against the movement guides, when a determination element detects an abnormal movement of the elevator cabin, as in claim 1.
  • the object of the invention also consists of a method of braking elevator apparatus according to claim 9.
  • the device is specially designed to work with systems that include a sensor for the absolute positioning of the cabin in the shaft. Electromechanical wedging causes braking based on a signal received from said sensor. There are multiple ways to cause a wedging braking, but this device proposes to do it in a very specific way.
  • the device described herein comprises an electromagnet, the actuation of which causes the movement of an articulated actuating mechanism.
  • the articulated actuating mechanism comprises a first sector, linked to the linear electromagnet, and a second sector, linked to an interlocking roller, and on which a friction element is located that can perpendicularly contact the guide, in order to obtain a safe position of the cabin on said guide, without causing roller wedging.
  • the contact of the friction element on the guide generates a friction force, essentially vertical, on the second sector of the articulated mechanism, which drags it to the roller to which it is linked until it attaches to or engages the guide, thus producing the conventional wedging that immobilizes the cabin on the guide.
  • the actuating mechanism has the advantage of being reversible and does not require the wedging to immobilize the cabin to be reassembled.
  • This design of the actuator allows a rest position, with the friction element in contact with the guide, the actuator being in the active position without producing a total wedging and the system can return to the initial position.
  • the braking device for elevator apparatus described herein is designed to perform an emergency braking in a cabin that moves longitudinally along essentially vertical guides (1), holding it on said guides (1) to catch it and avoid uncontrolled movements thereof, or even falls due to the action of gravity.
  • this braking device shown schematically in Figure 1 , is basically made up of:
  • the wedging block (2) in turn comprises a central slot (5), intended to house the guide (1), a lateral catching element (6), movable perpendicular to the central slot (5), and a lateral braking element (7), movable perpendicular to the central slot (5) in the opposite direction to that of the catching element (6) and attachable to the guide (1) for braking and immobilizing the cabin.
  • the catching element (6) consists of a brake shoe, and further incorporates elastic elements (8) for progressive braking, while the braking element (7) consists of a roller provided with a central toothed friction surface and movable along a guide rail (9), having curved geometry and located in the wedging block (2).
  • Said guide rail (9), shown in the attached figures, has, consecutively, a central sector (10) remote from the central slot (5) wherein the guide (1) is housed, an upper sector (11), having a curved geometry of progressive approach towards the central slot (5), and an upper housing (12).
  • the activation electromagnet (3) in this preferred embodiment is of the linear type and vertically movable in a direction essentially parallel to that of the guides (1), as observed in the operation sequence shown in Figures 3 to 6 .
  • This electromagnet (3) is normally powered, while the elevator apparatus moves longitudinally along the guides (1), in the arrangement shown in Figure 3 .
  • the electromagnet (3) used in this preferred embodiment is single-acting, so that the stroke movement from the initial to the final position is carried out by the action of electromagnetic forces, and the return to the initial resting position is due to outside forces.
  • this actuating mechanism (4) is interposed between the electromagnet (3) and the braking element (7), for transmission and transformation of the vertical movement of the electromagnet (3) into a movement perpendicular to the central slot (5) and, therefore, to the guide (1).
  • this actuating mechanism (4) comprises, a first arm (13), integrally linked to the electromagnet (3), a second arm (14), pivotally linked to the first arm (13) through a first joint (15), and a third arm (16), pivotally linked by a first end (17) to the second arm (14) through a second joint (18), and linked in turn to the braking element (7), which it moves.
  • the third arm (16) also has a second end (19), which comprises an integral friction element (20), intended to contact the guide (1), as illustrated in Figures 4 to 6 of the operation sequence.
  • the arms (13, 14, 16) are corresponding plates, and in the specific case of the third arm (16) it is an oblong plate that has a longitudinal groove (21) along which an axis of the toothed roller that forms the braking element (7) moves longitudinally.
  • the device incorporates an elastic element (22), in this case a spring, to keep the braking element (7) away from the guide (1) in the rest position.
  • the friction element (20) consists of a machining performed at the second end (19) of the third arm (16) itself.
  • said friction element (20) to incorporate magnetic means, such as magnets, to ensure correct engagement with the guides (1).
  • the first arm (13) maintains an essentially vertical arrangement, parallel to the guides (1), while the third arm (16) has, at rest, an essentially horizontal arrangement, perpendicular to the guide (1), which varies towards an oblique arrangement when pivoting through the second joint (18) to activate braking.
  • Figure 4 illustrates a position in which the elevator apparatus is in a rest position, without use and in an energy saving mode that causes the electromagnet (3) to stop being powered.
  • This cut in the supply of the electromagnet (3) activates the actuating mechanism (4), which makes the friction element (20) move and come into contact with the guide (1), without causing any movement in the element braking device (7), so that the braking device keeps the elevator cabin secured against the guide (1), but without the wedging block (2) having come into operation.
  • Figures 5 and 6 show the operation of the device in the event of an emergency braking of the cabin.
  • the friction element (20) is in contact with the guide (1), if an unwanted movement of this cabin occurs, a friction force is generated between the friction element (20) and the guide (1) that causes the movement of the third arm (16) to which it is jointly linked.
  • the movement of the third arm (16) drags the braking element (7), which moves along the guide rail (9), in a direction essentially parallel to the guide (1), until it contacts said guide (1) due to the geometry of the upper sector (11), at which time a wedging occurs with the catching element (6), thus immobilizing the cabin against the guide (1).
  • the method for braking an elevator apparatus equipped with the device described above begins with an interruption in the power supply of the electromagnet (3), either due to a sudden cut in the power supply or due to the elevator apparatus entering in the rest position or stand-by, in order to reduce energy consumption.
  • the braking method comprises the following sequence of operating steps:
  • this electromagnet (3) shall act on the actuating mechanism (4) which shall move the friction element (20) away from the guide (1), again allowing a movement of the cabin.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Maintenance And Inspection Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)
  • Types And Forms Of Lifts (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Dispositif de freinage pour appareil élévateur, pour le freinage d'urgence d'une cabine qui peut être déplacée longitudinalement par des guides verticaux (1), comprenant :
    - un bloc de calage (2) pouvant être fixé à un châssis de la cabine, comprenant à son tour :
    - une fente centrale (5) pour loger le guide (1),
    - un élément d'accrochage (6), mobile perpendiculairement à la fente centrale (5), et
    - un élément de freinage (7) mobile par rapport à la fente centrale (5), et pouvant être fixé au guide (1) et à l'élément d'accrochage (6) afin d'immobiliser la cabine,
    - un électroaimant d'activation (3), et
    - un mécanisme d'actionnement articulé (4) comprenant un premier secteur relié à l'électroaimant (3) et un second secteur relié à l'élément de freinage (7), dans lequel le mécanisme d'actionnement (4) comprend un élément de friction (20) positionné dans le second secteur et capable de mettre en prise le guide (1) pour fixer une position de sécurité de la cabine sur le guide (1), de sorte que lorsque le mécanisme d'actionnement (4) met en prise l'élément de friction (20) avec le guide (1) et qu'un déplacement relatif du guide (1) par rapport à la cabine se produit, ledit mécanisme d'actionnement (4) déplace l'élément de freinage (7) dans la même direction jusqu'à ce qu'il mette en prise le guide (1), caractérisé en ce que le mécanisme d'actionnement (4) comprend en outre :
    - un premier bras (13) relié, de manière solidaire, à l'électroaimant (3),
    - un deuxième bras (14) relié, de manière pivotante, au premier bras (13) par le biais d'une première articulation (15), et
    - un troisième bras (16) relié, de manière pivotante, par une première extrémité (17), au deuxième bras (14) par le biais d'une seconde articulation (18) et relié à l'élément de freinage (7) qu'il déplace, et
    dans lequel l'élément de friction (20) est relié, de manière solidaire, à une seconde extrémité (19) du troisième bras (16) ;
    l'élément de friction (20) est un usinage positionné au niveau de la seconde extrémité (19) du troisième bras (16).
  2. Dispositif de freinage selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'élément de friction (20) comprend des moyens magnétiques.
  3. Dispositif de freinage selon la revendication 1, dans lequel il comprend de plus un élément de retenue élastique (22) relié à l'élément de freinage (7).
  4. Dispositif de freinage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'élément de freinage (7) est un rouleau denté.
  5. Dispositif de freinage selon la revendication 4, dans lequel le troisième bras (16) est une plaque oblongue ayant une rainure longitudinale (21) à travers laquelle l'axe du rouleau denté se déplace.
  6. Dispositif de freinage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'élément d'accrochage (6) est un segment de frein.
  7. Dispositif de freinage selon la revendication 4, dans lequel le bloc de calage (2) comprend un rail de guidage (9) ayant une géométrie courbe pour le déplacement d'un axe du rouleau denté.
  8. Dispositif de freinage selon la revendication 7, dans lequel le rail de guidage (9) comprend un secteur central (10), dans lequel le guide (1) est logé, un secteur supérieur (11) ayant une géométrie courbe d'approche progressive vers la fente centrale (5), et un boîtier supérieur (12).
  9. Procédé de freinage d'appareil élévateur, qui utilise le dispositif de freinage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend la séquence d'opérations suivante :
    - interruption de l'alimentation électrique de l'électroaimant (3),
    - activation du mécanisme d'actionnement (4) par l'électroaimant (3), et
    - déplacement et approche de l'élément de friction (20), par le mécanisme d'actionnement (4) jusqu'au contact avec le guide (1), pour le positionnement en toute sécurité de la cabine sur ledit guide (1), sans activation du bloc de calage (2).
  10. Appareil élévateur caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un dispositif de freinage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8.
EP20382791.0A 2019-09-06 2020-09-07 Dispositif de freinage pour appareil élévateur et procédé de freinage associé Active EP3789334B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES201930780A ES2821014A1 (es) 2019-09-06 2019-09-06 Dispositivo de frenado de aparatos elevadores y procedimiento de frenado asociado

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3789334A1 EP3789334A1 (fr) 2021-03-10
EP3789334B1 true EP3789334B1 (fr) 2023-06-28

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Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003008317A1 (fr) * 2001-06-29 2003-01-30 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Dispositif de freinage de secours pour ascenseur
BRPI0601926B1 (pt) * 2005-06-17 2018-06-12 Inventio Aktiengesellschaft Dispositivo de pára-quedas do freio
KR200401386Y1 (ko) * 2005-08-23 2005-11-16 덕 규 김 엘리베이터용 양방향 비상 정지장치
DE102006062754A1 (de) * 2006-09-19 2008-04-03 Wittur Ag Bremsfangeinrichtung
CN103889874B (zh) 2011-10-07 2016-10-19 奥的斯电梯公司 电梯制动系统
EP2920101B1 (fr) 2012-11-13 2017-01-11 Inventio AG Ascenseur avec frein de sécurité
JP6807753B2 (ja) * 2014-06-12 2021-01-06 オーチス エレベータ カンパニーＯｔｉｓ Ｅｌｅｖａｔｏｒ Ｃｏｍｐａｎｙ ブレーキ部材駆動機構
CN104627772B (zh) * 2014-12-31 2017-09-26 三一汽车制造有限公司 防坠提升机
CN104649094A (zh) * 2015-02-09 2015-05-27 昆山京都电梯有限公司 防止轿厢意外移动结构
US10486939B2 (en) 2015-09-27 2019-11-26 Otis Elevator Company Breaking system for a hoisted structure and method of controlling braking a hoisted structure
EP3153451A1 (fr) * 2015-10-08 2017-04-12 Cobianchi Liftteile Ag Déclencheur de parachute à prise progressive
WO2017087978A1 (fr) 2015-11-20 2017-05-26 Otis Elevator Company Actionneur à verrou électronique

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Publication number Publication date
ES2821014A1 (es) 2021-04-23
ES2952134T3 (es) 2023-10-27
EP3789334A1 (fr) 2021-03-10

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