EP3781754B1 - Bausystem für ein modul eines gebäudes - Google Patents

Bausystem für ein modul eines gebäudes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3781754B1
EP3781754B1 EP19726741.2A EP19726741A EP3781754B1 EP 3781754 B1 EP3781754 B1 EP 3781754B1 EP 19726741 A EP19726741 A EP 19726741A EP 3781754 B1 EP3781754 B1 EP 3781754B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
elements
cross
parts
core
surrounding
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Active
Application number
EP19726741.2A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3781754C0 (de
EP3781754A1 (de
Inventor
Igor USTINOV
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Uhcs Property SA
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Uhcs Property SA
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Publication of EP3781754C0 publication Critical patent/EP3781754C0/de
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/56—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
    • E04B1/34315—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport characterised by separable parts
    • E04B1/34326—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport characterised by separable parts mainly constituted by longitudinal elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/58—Connections for building structures in general of bar-shaped building elements
    • E04B1/5806—Connections for building structures in general of bar-shaped building elements with a cross-section having an open profile
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E04B5/026—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with beams or slabs of plastic
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/30—Columns; Pillars; Struts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/58—Connections for building structures in general of bar-shaped building elements
    • E04B2001/5881—Connections for building structures in general of bar-shaped building elements using an undercut groove, e.g. dovetail groove
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
    • E04C2003/0408—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section
    • E04C2003/0413—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section being built up from several parts
    • E04C2003/0417—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section being built up from several parts demountable
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
    • E04C2003/0408—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section
    • E04C2003/0421—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section comprising one single unitary part
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
    • E04C2003/0426—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by material distribution in cross section
    • E04C2003/0434—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by material distribution in cross section the open cross-section free of enclosed cavities
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
    • E04C2003/0426—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by material distribution in cross section
    • E04C2003/0439—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by material distribution in cross section the cross-section comprising open parts and hollow parts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
    • E04C2003/0443—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by substantial shape of the cross-section
    • E04C2003/0465—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by substantial shape of the cross-section square- or rectangular-shaped
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
    • E04C2003/0443—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by substantial shape of the cross-section
    • E04C2003/0478—X-shaped

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a construction system for a module of a building, in particular a dwelling or a garage, the main elements of which may be made of plastic, in particular recycled plastic or recycled wood.
  • WO2016016706 describes a construction system comprising a set of accessory elements and a set of elongated bodies intended to produce a construction by assembling a plurality of said bodies with accessory elements.
  • the elongated body comprises a front face and a rear face, flat and opposite, an upper face and a lower face, flat and opposite, and two opposite lateral faces. At least one of said two lateral faces has a recessed part, in particular a curve on its central part.
  • Each body can be assembled with another body, by their lateral faces between them and/or by assembling a lower face of a body on the upper face of another body and/or by assembling a lateral face of a body with the front or rear face of another body.
  • CH714202 in the name of the applicant and unpublished describes a construction system for a module of a building, in particular a dwelling or a garage, the main elements of which are made of plastic material, comprising a set of extruded main beams of hollow profile, of elongated rectilinear shape, of uniform section and of adequate length. These main beams are assemblable end-to-end to form a rectangular open structure in the form of a rectangular frame in 3 dimensions.
  • the construction system further comprises a plurality of intermediate secondary beams, assemblable between parallel and opposite main beams of a rectangular frame, and a plurality of flat façade elements insertable against each other between two adjacent parallel beams, each façade element comprising a rectangular flat plate provided with two folded opposite edges intended to engage with adjacent parallel beams.
  • WO 93/23631 describes a joint between the facing ends of horizontal timber members, the joint comprising a cruciform piece provided with T-heads.
  • GB 1,336,991 describes a cruciform joint with four T-shaped projections for connecting horizontal rails.
  • US 2004/0178704 depicted in Figure 12F is a device for connecting four panels at right angles, the connecting device comprising a smooth cross-shaped central core whose ends engage in grooves formed in parts at the ends of the four panels, which parts engage with adjacent parts when the panels are inserted.
  • This device allows the panels to be assembled by snapping together in an orthogonal arrangement.
  • the present invention makes it possible to produce a construction system for a module of a building whose main elements can be made of plastic, in particular recycled plastic or recycled wood, allowing a robust construction using a reduced number of standardized parts to constitute the construction elements.
  • this aim is achieved by means of a system for constructing a module of a building, comprising core construction elements and construction elements surrounding the core elements.
  • the inventive system therefore comprises a plurality of core construction elements which each comprise in section a cross comprising two main arms of equal length, the main arms intersecting at mid-length at right angles.
  • Each core construction element has a plane of symmetry around the axes of each main arm.
  • the main arms of the cross terminate at their ends in transverse parts whose length is less than the length of the main arms.
  • the inventive system also comprises a plurality of construction elements surrounding the core elements, where each surrounding element is composed of four partial surrounding parts which are assembled around a core element, unlike the provisions of WO 93723631 and of GB 1,336,991 .
  • the partial surround parts each have a section essentially of an isosceles-right triangle having a long side and two inclined sides that form a right angle.
  • the four partial surround parts when assembled are arranged with their long side on the outside and with the inclined sides ending in the right angle on the inside towards the centre of the cross of a core element.
  • the four partial surround parts thus form a square which is surrounded by the cross of the core element.
  • the triangular partial surround parts have openings which surround the main arms and the transverse parts of the cross of the core element.
  • Core building elements are rectilinear elongated bodies with a cross section which are surrounded along their length by the surrounding building elements, also allowing right-angle assembly.
  • constructions can be made in 6 directions (up, down, left, right, front, back).
  • the cross of a core element is a potent cross whose main arms terminate at their ends with transverse T-shaped projections.
  • the ratio L : t 2.5 - 3, preferably 2.6 - 2.75.
  • surround elements each consisting of four triangular-shaped partial surround parts which each have inside each triangular partial surround part openings in the form of a main arm of the cross extending from the right angle of the triangle with its transverse projections opposite the long side of the triangle.
  • the main arms of the cross and the T-parts are arranged parallel to the sides of the square formed by the four assembled partial surround parts.
  • Each surround element can be made from a single piece, possibly with openings, or can be made by assembling at least two pieces, advantageously leaving spaces.
  • the invention also relates to an assembly comprising a core element surrounded by surrounding elements each formed by the assembly of several parts, the assembly comprising an external wall formed by external portions of the assembled parts arranged in parallel and adjacent rows extending along the external wall.
  • the system according to the invention usually comprises a plurality of core construction elements and a plurality of construction elements surrounding the core elements, each in several standardized lengths.
  • the system according to the invention preferably comprises a plurality of construction elements forming junction pieces comprising a hollow body of approximately rectangular shape in cross-section.
  • one side of this hollow body is integral with a triangular shape which corresponds with one of said triangular-shaped partial surrounding parts of the surrounding construction elements, allowing these junction pieces to be assembled around a core construction element.
  • the side of the hollow body of a junction piece opposite said side integral with the triangular shape is advantageously provided with a profile adapted for the assembly of a panel.
  • the hollow bodies of the junction parts are intended for example for wiring, piping, insulation or even reinforcement by filling with hardened earth or cement, for example.
  • the invention also relates to a module of a building constructed with the described system, the module comprising a plurality of core building elements assembled with partial surrounding parts and joining pieces.
  • an embodiment of a module of a building according to the invention is in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped volume comprising four corners.
  • Each corner comprises a core construction element arranged vertically, two faces of which forming an external right angle to the corner are closed by partial surrounding parts of surrounding elements, in which the two faces forming an internal right angle are assembled with junction pieces, the external sides of said hollow body of the junction pieces supporting panels forming a facade.
  • the intermediate core construction elements support on two opposite faces in the plane of the side of the module junction pieces supporting n+1 panels.
  • the module of a building according to the invention preferably comprises a floor or ceiling unit comprising a rectangular frame formed of elongated core construction elements arranged horizontally, closed towards the outside by partial surrounding parts and closed towards the inside by junction pieces supporting a floor or ceiling.
  • the construction system according to the invention it is possible to produce an element of a building, among others, a garage, a house using a limited number of construction elements made of recycled materials, which construction elements are composed of standardized parts allowing universal use for different configurations.
  • the invention provides a system for constructing a module of a building, comprising core construction elements 1 and surrounding construction elements 2 of the core elements.
  • the inventive system therefore comprises a plurality of core construction elements 1, figure 1 , each of which comprises in section a cross comprising two main arms 6 of equal length.
  • the main arms 6 intersect at mid-length at right angles.
  • Each core construction element 1 has a plane of symmetry around the axes AA and BB of each main arm 6.
  • the main arms 6 of the cross terminate at their ends with transverse parts 7 whose length is less than the length of the main arms 6.
  • the inventive system also comprises a plurality of surrounding construction elements 2 of the core elements 1, where each surrounding element 2 is composed of four partial surrounding parts 2A, 2A', 2B, 2B' which are assembled around a core element ( figure 1 )
  • the partial surrounding parts 2A, 2A', 2B, 2B' each have a section essentially of an isosceles-right triangle having a long side 10 and two inclined sides 11 which form a right angle.
  • the four partial surrounding parts 2A, 2A', 2B, 2B' once assembled are arranged with their long side 10 on the outside and with the inclined sides 11 ending in the right angle on the inside towards the center of the cross of a core element 1.
  • the four partial surrounding parts thus form a square which is surrounded by the cross of the core element 1 ( figure 1 ).
  • the triangular partial surrounding parts 2A, 2A', 2B, 2B' have openings 12 ( Figures 2B And 3B ) and/or cutouts 13 ( Figures 2A And 3A ) which surround the cross of core element 1.
  • the main arms of the cross of a core element 1 terminate at their ends with transverse projections.
  • the cross of a core element 1 illustrated in figure 1 is a potent cross whose main arms 6 terminate at their ends in transverse T-shaped projections 7.
  • the ratio L : t 2.5 - 3, preferably 2.6 - 2.75.
  • the surrounding elements 2 are each composed of four partial surrounding parts 2A which have cutouts 13 in their inclined sides 11 so that the cutouts 13 of two side-by-side triangular partial surrounding parts 2A correspond to a main arm 6 of the cross with its transverse projections 7. In this way, the arms 6 of the cross are arranged along the diagonals of the square formed by the four assembled partial surrounding parts 2A.
  • the main arms 6 of the cross and the possible T-shaped parts 7 are arranged parallel to the sides of the square formed by the four assembled partial surrounding parts 2B.
  • the surrounding elements 2 are each composed of four partial surrounding parts 2A' which have cutouts 13 in their inclined sides 11 so that the cutouts 13 of two side-by-side triangular partial surrounding parts 2A' correspond to a main arm 6 of the cross with its possible transverse projections 7.
  • the arms 6 of the cross are arranged along the diagonals of the square formed by the four assembled partial surrounding parts 2A'.
  • the main arms 6 of the cross and the T-shaped parts 7 are arranged parallel to the sides of the square formed by the four assembled partial surrounding parts 2B.
  • the difference between the 2 surround elements of the Figures 2A, 2B , 3A and 3B is the length LH, LH' of each of these parts. Indeed, in the examples illustrated in Figures 2A and 2B the length LH of the surrounding elements is for example 22cm whereas in the Figures 3A and 3B the length LH' of the surrounding elements is for example 100cm.
  • the inclined sides 11 of the partial surrounding parts 2A, 2B, 2A', 2B' comprise central grooves 14 which come opposite each other when the partial surrounding parts 2A, 2B, 2A', 2B' are assembled around a core construction element 1. These central grooves 14 are arranged to receive reinforcing pieces to secure the assembly.
  • the system according to the invention usually comprises a plurality of core construction elements 1 and a plurality of surrounding construction elements 2 of the core elements, each of a standard length or in several standardized lengths.
  • the surround elements 2 are each composed of four partial surround parts 2B, 2B' of triangular shape which have studs 30 on the adjacent sides of two side-by-side triangles.
  • these studs 30 may be sufficient to connect four surrounding elements 2B, 2B' without there being any need for a cross-shaped core, which could even, in this version, facilitate the construction of the surrounding elements insofar as it would be possible to construct surrounding elements with or without an opening for the cores.
  • FIGS. 4A, 4B illustrate a construction element forming connecting pieces 4A, 4B comprising a hollow body 15 of approximately rectangular shape in section.
  • one side of this hollow body 15 is integral with a triangular shape 16 which corresponds with one of said partial surrounding parts 2A, 2B of triangular shape of the surrounding construction elements 2, allowing these connecting pieces 4A, 4B to be assembled around a core construction element 1.
  • the external side 17 of the hollow body 15 of a core construction element 1 is junction 4A, 4B opposite said side secured to the triangular shape 16 is advantageously provided with a profile 18 adapted for the assembly of a panel 19 ( figure 6 ).
  • the hollow body 15 is intended, for example, to receive wiring or piping. It can also contribute to insulation or reinforcement by filling with hardened earth or cement, for example.
  • the invention also relates to a module of a building 9 constructed with the described system, the module comprising a plurality of core construction elements 1 assembled with partial surrounding parts 2A, 2B, 2A', 2B' and junction pieces 4A, 4B.
  • an embodiment of a module of a building 9 illustrated in figure 6 is in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped volume comprising four corners 20.
  • Each corner 20 comprises a core construction element 1 arranged vertically, two faces of which forming an external right angle to the corner 20 are closed by partial surrounding parts 2A, 2A' of surrounding elements, in which the two faces forming an internal right angle are assembled with junction pieces 4A.
  • the external sides 17 of said hollow body of the junction pieces 4A supporting panels 19 forming a facade.
  • the housing module 19 is being assembled with a majority of the elements which are assembled together by sliding one element relative to another but also by screwing using screws 21 as for example to fix a partial surrounding construction element 2A with one of the surrounding construction elements 2, the partial surrounding construction element 2A being orthogonal to the surrounding construction elements 2 with which it is screwed.
  • At least two opposite sides of the rectangular parallelepiped volume each comprise a plurality n of intermediate core construction elements 1 arranged vertically between the core construction elements 1 arranged at the corners.
  • the intermediate core construction elements 1 support, on two opposite faces in the plane of the side of module 9, junction pieces 4A supporting n+1 panels 19.
  • a module of a building 9 preferably comprises a floor or ceiling unit 19 comprising a rectangular frame formed of elongated core construction elements 1 arranged horizontally, closed towards the outside by partial surrounding parts 2A, 2A' and closed towards the inside by junction pieces 4A supporting a floor or ceiling.
  • doors and windows can be fitted in the walls of the modules 9 by modifying the panels 19 carried by the junction elements 4A.
  • a sandwich structure consisting of a PET foam placed between the PET panels.
  • the sandwich structure increases the rigidity and strength of the panel compared to the PET sheet only in the initial version of the figures 5 And 6 .
  • the PET foam core has a density of 70 kg/m3-80 kg/m3 and forms the shear part of sandwich constructions. In wall sections, the foam core can be omitted to have windows.
  • the foam core is glued or welded to the interface parts.
  • a housing module according to the present invention has the advantage of being easy and quick to assemble and is so robust that it complies with standards on load-bearing structures such as standard EN1991.
  • FIGS. 7A And 7B respectively represent a schematic section and a perspective view of a variant of a construction element in which each surrounding element is composed by the assembly of different parts.
  • a core element 1 in the form of a potent cross is surrounded by two partial surrounding parts, each 22A, 22B, and two partial surrounding parts, each 24A, 24B.
  • the portions 22A have profiled internal sections that conform to the outer shape of a portion of the core member 1.
  • the portions 22B are relatively flat with profiled ends that engage within the portions 22A toward their ends to define a void 23 between the portions 22A, 22B.
  • the ends of the portion 22a are angled and extend beyond the portion 22B.
  • the portions 24A also have profiled internal sections which conform to the external shape of another portion of the core member 1.
  • the portions 24B are relatively flat, with a central groove in their external face, and with profiled ends which engage inside the ends of the portions 24A to define a void 25 between the portions 24A, 24B.
  • the ends of the portion 24A are profiled and are flush with the external faces of the portions 22A and 24B.
  • FIG. Figure 7B The arrangement of the partial surround portions 22A, 22B and the partial surround portions 24A, 24B in an assembly is illustrated in FIG. Figure 7B .
  • the cross-shaped core element 1 has arms of equal length and uniform thickness; the cross shape shown in the Figure 7B is the result of a distortion in the shot.
  • the surrounding portions extend along the length of the core element 1 to form a wall 26.
  • This wall 26 is composed, from bottom to top, by the end of the portion 22A, superimposed by the external surface of the portion 24A, superimposed by the portion 24B with its external groove, superimposed by another external surface of a portion 24A and superimposed by another end of another portion 22A, while this assembly is closed at the top and bottom, inside the walls 26, by portions 22B arranged between the ends of the portions 22A.
  • the assembly comprising a core element 1 surrounded by surrounding elements each formed by the assembly of several parts 22A, 22B; 24A, 24B, comprises an external wall 26 formed by an external part of the assembled parts arranged in parallel and adjacent rows extending along the external wall 26.
  • This variant is particularly advantageous because manufacturing is simplified and assembly is more robust due to the fact that the partial surround parts with a triangular section are cut into two pieces and assembled, and due to the profiling of the individual parts and the voids in different shapes.
  • plastic material should be understood to mean any material that can be recycled (HDPE, LDPE, PP, PET, PEF, PS, ABS, etc.).
  • the recovered plastic parts can be crushed and shredded. Once shredded, the plastic is washed and then dried before being prepared for an extrusion operation. The polymers are melted by heat and a uniform paste is then obtained. After a succession of conventional steps, a grain is obtained. The granules are then extracted from the extruder. Finally, the grains can be used for the manufacture of the construction elements according to the present invention. Similarly, shredded, crushed and recycled wood or recycled plastic/wood composite materials can be used.
  • Building elements can be manufactured by 3D printing or injection molding.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Residential Or Office Buildings (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. System für den Bau eines Moduls eines Gebäudes, das vorweist:
    • eine Vielzahl von Kernbauelementen (1), die jeweils im Querschnitt ein Kreuz vorweist, das zwei Hauptarme (6) gleicher Länge vorweist, wobei sich die Hauptarme (6) in der Mitte der Länge rechtwinklig schneiden, wobei jedes Kernbauelement (1) eine Symmetrieebene um die Achsen jedes Hauptarms (6) aufweist,
    • eine Vielzahl von Umschließungsbauelementen (2) der Kernelemente (1), wobei jedes Umschließungselement (2) aus vier Teilen (2A, 2B, 2A', 2B') zur teilweisen Umschließung zusammengesetzt ist, die sich um ein Kernelement (1) zusammenfügen,
    • wobei die Teile (2A, 2B, 2A', 2B') zur teilweisen Umschließung jeweils einen Abschnitt im Wesentlichen aus einem gleichschenklig-rechtwinkligen Dreieck, das eine lange Seite (10) und zwei geneigte Seiten (11) aufweist, die einen rechten Winkel ausbilden, besitzen, wobei die vier Teile (2A, 2B, 2A', 2B') zur teilweisen Umschließung nach dem Zusammenfügen mit ihrer langen Seite (10) nach außen und den schrägen Seiten (11), die im rechten Winkel enden, nach innen zu der Mitte des Kreuzes eines Kernelements (1) hin angeordnet werden, wodurch ein Quadrat ausgebildet wird, das das Kreuz des Kernelements (1) umschließt,
    • wobei die Hauptarme (6) des Kreuzes jedes Kernbauelements (1) an ihren Enden durch Querteile (7) enden, deren Länge kleiner als die Länge der Hauptarme (6) ist, und
    • wobei die dreieckigen Teile (2A, 2B, 2A', 2B') zur teilweisen Umschließung der Umschließungsbauelemente (2) Öffnungen (12) aufweisen, die die Hauptarme (6) und die Querteile (7) des Kreuzes des Kernelements (1) umschließen
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    • die Umschließungselemente (2) jeweils aus vier Teilen (2A, 2B, 2A', 2B') zur teilweisen Umschließung in Dreiecksform zusammengesetzt sind, die jeweils innerhalb jedes dreieckigen Teils zur teilweisen Umschließung Öffnungen (12) in Form eines Hauptarms (6) des Kreuzes besitzen, das sich von dem rechten Winkel des Dreiecks mit seinen Quervorsprüngen (7) gegenüber der langen Seite (10) des Dreiecks erstreckt, sodass die Hauptarme (6) des Kreuzes und etwaige T-förmige Teile (7) parallel zu den Seiten des Quadrats angeordnet sind, das durch die vier Teile (2A, 2B, 2A', 2B') zur teilweisen Umschließung zusammengefügt ist.
  2. System nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Kreuz eines Kernelements (1) ein Potenzkreuz ist, dessen Hauptarme (6) an ihren Enden in T-förmigen Quervorsprüngen (7) enden.
  3. System nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei das Kreuz eine Abmessung L in Richtung der Hauptarme besitzt, die seitlichen Vorsprünge eine Länge t besitzen und das Verhältnis L : t = 2,5 - 3, vorzugsweise 2,6 - 2,75, beträgt.
  4. System nach den Ansprüchen 2 und 3, wobei die Hauptarme (6) und die T-förmigen Querteile (7) des Potenzkreuzes eine gleichmäßige Dicke e besitzen und wobei:
    die Länge t = (1,5 - 4)e, vorzugsweise (2,5 - 3,5)e, zum Beispiel 3e,
    die Abmessung L = (6 - 10)e, vorzugsweise (7 - 9)e, zum Beispiel 8e ist.
  5. System nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, das Umschließungselemente aufweist, die aus einem einzigen Stück geformt sind, optional mit einer oder mehreren Öffnungen in diesem Stück.
  6. System nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, das Umschließungselemente aufweist, die jeweils durch die Zusammenfügung von zwei oder mehr Stücken (22A, 22B; 24A, 24B) ausgebildet werden und eine oder mehrere Öffnungen (23, 25) lassen.
  7. System nach Anspruch 6, zusammengefügt in einer Baugruppe, die ein Kernelement (1) aufweist, das durch Umschließungselemente umschlossen ist, die jeweils durch die Baugruppe mehrerer Stücke (22A, 22B; 24A, 24B) ausgebildet sind, wobei die Baugruppe eine Außenwand (26) aufweist, die durch äußere Teile der zusammengefügten Stücke (22A, 22B; 24A, 24B) ausgebildet wird, die in parallelen und angrenzenden Reihen angeordnet sind, die sich entlang der Außenwand (26) erstrecken.
  8. System nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, das eine Vielzahl von Kernbauelementen (1) und eine Vielzahl von Umschließungsbauelementen (2A, 2B) der Kernelemente, jeweils in einer Standardlänge oder in mehreren Standardlängen, aufweist.
  9. System nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, das eine Vielzahl von Bauelementen, die Verbindungsstücke (4A, 4B) ausbilden, die einen Hohlkörper (15) mit einer im Querschnitt annähernd rechteckigen Form, aufweisen, wobei eine Seite dieses Hohlkörpers (15) mit einer dreieckigen Form (16) fest verbunden ist, die einem der dreieckig geformten Teile (2A, 2B, 2A', 2B') zur teilweisen Umschließung der dreieckigen Umschließungsbauelemente (2) entspricht, wodurch diese Verbindungsstücke (4A, 4B) um ein Kernbauelement (1) herum zusammengebaut werden können.
  10. System nach Anspruch 9, das auf der Außenseite (17) des Hohlkörpers (15) eines Verbindungsstücks (4A, 4B) gegenüber der Seite, die mit der dreieckigen Form fest verbunden ist, ein Profil (18), das für die Zusammenfügung einer Platte (19) geeignet ist, aufweist.
  11. Modul eines Gebäudes, das mit dem System nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche gebaut wurde, umfassend eine Vielzahl von Kernbauelementen (1), die mit Teilen (2A, 2B, 2A', 2B') zur teilweisen Umschließung und Verbindungsstücken (4A, 4B) zusammengefügt sind.
  12. Modul eines Gebäudes nach Anspruch 11 in Form eines rechteckigen, quaderförmigen Volumens, umfassend vier Ecken (20), wobei jede Ecke (20) ein vertikal angeordnetes Kernbauelement (1) umfasst, dessen zwei Seiten, die einen äußeren rechten Winkel zu der Ecke ausbilden, durch Teile (2A, 2B, 2A', 2B') zur teilweisen Umschließung von Umschließungselementen geschlossen sind, und deren zwei Seiten, die einen inneren rechten Winkel ausbilden, mit Verbindungsstücken (4A, 4B) verbunden sind, wobei die Außenseiten des Hohlkörpers der Verbindungsstücke Platten (19) tragen, die eine Fassade ausbilden.
  13. Modul eines Gebäudes nach Anspruch 12, wobei mindestens zwei gegenüberliegende Seiten des rechteckigen quaderförmigen Volumens jeweils eine Vielzahl n von Zwischenkernbauelementen (1) aufweisen, die vertikal zwischen den an den Ecken (20) angeordneten Kernbauelementen (1) angeordnet sind, wobei die Zwischenkernbauelemente (1) auf zwei gegenüberliegenden Seiten in der Ebene der Seite Verbindungsstücke (4A, 4B) tragen, die die n+1 Platten (19) tragen.
  14. Modul eines Gebäudes nach Anspruch 12 oder 13, das eine Boden- oder Deckeneinheit (19), umfassend einen rechteckigen Rahmen, der aus horizontal angeordneten, länglichen Kernbauelementen (1) ausgebildet ist, die nach außen durch Teile (2A, 2B, 2A', 2B') zur teilweisen Umschließung geschlossen sind und nach innen durch Verbindungsstücke (4A, 4B) geschlossen sind, die einen Boden oder eine Decke tragen, aufweist.
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CO2020013116A2 (es) 2020-10-30
BR112020021193A2 (pt) 2021-01-19
WO2019202498A1 (fr) 2019-10-24
PH12020551549A1 (en) 2021-06-07
TN2020000191A1 (en) 2022-04-04
MA50932B1 (fr) 2022-08-31
MA50932A1 (fr) 2022-03-31
CA3094282A1 (fr) 2019-10-24
CN111989445B (zh) 2023-02-03
CN111989445A (zh) 2020-11-24
PE20201337A1 (es) 2020-11-25
US11339568B2 (en) 2022-05-24
MX2020011013A (es) 2020-11-11
EP3781754C0 (de) 2024-09-04
EP3781754A1 (de) 2021-02-24

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