EP3745028A1 - Cheminée destinée au chauffage de bâtiment - Google Patents

Cheminée destinée au chauffage de bâtiment Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3745028A1
EP3745028A1 EP19178781.1A EP19178781A EP3745028A1 EP 3745028 A1 EP3745028 A1 EP 3745028A1 EP 19178781 A EP19178781 A EP 19178781A EP 3745028 A1 EP3745028 A1 EP 3745028A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
furnace
combustion chamber
gas duct
inlet opening
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP19178781.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Arben Xega
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP3745028A1 publication Critical patent/EP3745028A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B60/00—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel burns essentially without moving
    • F23B60/02—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel burns essentially without moving with combustion air supplied through a grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B80/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by means creating a distinct flow path for flue gases or for non-combusted gases given off by the fuel
    • F23B80/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by means creating a distinct flow path for flue gases or for non-combusted gases given off by the fuel by means for guiding the flow of flue gases, e.g. baffles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/006—Stoves or ranges incorporating a catalytic combustor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2219/00—Treatment devices
    • F23J2219/10—Catalytic reduction devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a furnace for heating buildings, which has a combustion chamber, an exhaust gas outlet and a catalyst element.
  • An exhaust duct connects the combustion chamber with the exhaust outlet.
  • pollutants such as carbon monoxide and fine dust particles are produced in the combustion exhaust gases.
  • catalysts that are arranged, for example, at an outlet opening of the furnace.
  • the combustion exhaust gases can sometimes have temperatures of more than 500 ° C., but the effectiveness of known catalysts is limited at such temperatures. Therefore, the reduction in pollutants, especially with regard to carbon monoxide, is relatively low.
  • the improved concept is based on the idea of arranging a catalytic converter element in an exhaust gas duct inside the furnace, so that an inlet opening of the exhaust gas duct is arranged higher than the catalytic converter element.
  • a furnace for heating buildings which has a combustion chamber, an exhaust gas outlet and a catalyst element.
  • the furnace also has an exhaust duct that connects the combustion chamber to the exhaust outlet.
  • the catalytic converter element is arranged in the exhaust gas duct, and an inlet opening of the exhaust gas duct is arranged higher than the catalytic converter element with respect to a vertical axis of the furnace.
  • the furnace can be designed, for example, for heating, heating or heating a building or one or more rooms in the building.
  • the exhaust gas outlet includes, in particular, an opening in a housing of the furnace through which combustion gases and smoke can be discharged from the furnace, for example into a chimney or a chimney pipe.
  • Exhaust gases can be understood here and in the following as combustion gases, i.e. gases produced during combustion, as well as mixtures of combustion gases with solid combustion residues, such as soot particles or other dust or fine dust particles, and / or with ambient air.
  • the exhaust gas duct connects the combustion chamber to the exhaust gas outlet, it provides a path for the exhaust gas from the combustion chamber to the exhaust gas outlet, so that a directed flow of exhaust gas can be achieved.
  • the fact that the catalytic converter element is arranged in the exhaust gas duct can be understood to mean the exhaust gas flowing from the combustion chamber through the
  • the inlet opening is in particular an end of the exhaust gas duct facing the combustion chamber for the exhaust gas to enter the exhaust gas duct.
  • the vertical axis is, in particular, a vertical spatial direction when the furnace is aligned in accordance with the intended use of the furnace.
  • the furnace in particular the combustion chamber, can have a base, for example a base plate or a base element.
  • the vertical axis then corresponds to an axis that is perpendicular to the base plate or a planar part of the base element.
  • the vertical axis points, for example, away from the floor in the direction of the inlet opening and / or the exhaust gas outlet.
  • the base or the base plate or the base element is in particular a surface or an area which is provided for placing the fuel on.
  • the vertical axis can also be understood as a direction parallel to gravity, that is to say as a direction along which the exhaust gases would flow without any external disturbance.
  • the vertical axis points in particular in the direction of decreasing gravity.
  • the inlet opening is arranged higher than the catalytic converter element can be understood, for example, to mean that the inlet opening has a higher position than the catalytic converter element in relation to the vertical axis.
  • a vertical distance between the floor and the inlet opening is greater than a vertical distance between the floor and the catalyst element.
  • the distance can be understood as the minimum distance.
  • a vertical distance can be understood to mean a distance in the direction of the vertical axis.
  • an upper edge of the catalytic converter element is further away from the base than a lower edge of the inlet opening.
  • the exhaust gas duct connects the combustion chamber, which is located inside the furnace, and the exhaust gas outlet with one another, the exhaust gas duct lies, in particular, completely within the furnace or within a housing of the furnace.
  • the described arrangement of the inlet opening with respect to the catalytic converter element has the consequence that exhaust gases rising from the combustion chamber, in particular from the immediate vicinity of the floor, which enter the exhaust gas duct through the inlet opening, are deflected and to a certain extent reversed, so that the exhaust gases emerge from the inlet opening flow again in the direction of the bottom and thus in the direction of the catalyst element.
  • the exhaust gases are thus forced into a detour through the exhaust gas duct and the described arrangement of inlet opening and catalytic converter element, so that they can cool down significantly on the way from their point of origin to their catalytic converter element.
  • the exhaust gases can have a temperature of well over 500 ° C. when they are produced, for example 800 ° C. or more when wood or wood-based fuels are burned. Routing the exhaust gases through the exhaust gas duct in the manner described can then lead to a cooling of several 100 ° C. before the exhaust gases flow through the catalytic converter. Accordingly, the exhaust gases can then have temperatures at which the effectiveness of the catalytic reaction in the catalytic converter element is significantly increased. For example, this can be done at exhaust gas temperatures in the range from 170 to 250 ° C may be the case. Test measurements on a furnace according to the improved concept have shown that exhaust gas temperatures of 200 to 250 ° C. at the position of the catalyst element can be achieved through the arrangement described.
  • the catalyst element can also contribute to the reduction of particle concentrations in the exhaust gases, for example of soot or fine dust particles.
  • the thermal energy which is extracted from the exhaust gases can advantageously also be used as useful heat.
  • Components that form the exhaust gas duct for example housing parts of the furnace or other structural elements for forming the exhaust gas duct, are heated by the exhaust gas flowing past and in turn emit the corresponding heat to the surroundings of the furnace.
  • Test setups of furnaces according to the improved concept have also shown that the construction as described does not require active ventilation devices, such as fans, for extracting the exhaust gases from the combustion chamber through the exhaust duct and out of the furnace. Rather, the natural draft due to the chimney effect is sufficient.
  • the exhaust gas duct has a first part which is between the catalytic converter element and the inlet opening is arranged and a second part which is arranged between the catalyst element and the exhaust outlet.
  • the catalyst element is designed as a catalyst for carbon monoxide reduction.
  • the stove is designed as a fireplace or insert fireplace or as a fireplace insert.
  • the inlet opening is arranged on an upper side, at an upper end, in an upper third or in an upper quarter of the combustion chamber.
  • the furnace has a housing and the exhaust gas duct is formed at least in part by the housing.
  • At least one wall or at least part of a wall of the exhaust gas duct can be formed by one or more housing walls, for example a rear wall of the housing.
  • the furnace has a construction with at least two refractory plates made of a refractory material, for example a refractory fiber material or ceramic material.
  • the construction forms at least part of the exhaust duct.
  • the refractory panels of the construction can contain firebrick or a silicate material, for example calcium silicate or vermiculite.
  • the furnace has at least one baffle plate in order to guide the exhaust gas from the combustion chamber into the exhaust gas duct, in particular through the inlet opening.
  • the at least one baffle plate is arranged above the combustion chamber, for example.
  • the exhaust gases can be directed in one direction to enter the inlet opening, so that the exhaust gases can be transported away from the combustion chamber more quickly or more completely and, in particular, exhaust gases do not accumulate in the combustion chamber.
  • the inlet opening has a minimum dimension of less than 5 cm, preferably of 2 cm or about 2 cm or less.
  • the inlet opening is smaller than 5 cm or 2 cm along one spatial dimension.
  • Turbulence in the exhaust gas flow can be reduced by the relatively small minimum opening of the inlet opening.
  • a vertical distance between the exhaust gas outlet and the floor of the combustion chamber is greater than or equal to a vertical distance between the inlet opening and the floor.
  • the exhaust gas in order to get from the combustion chamber to the exhaust gas outlet, the exhaust gas must first rise in the combustion chamber in order to reach the inlet opening, then descend in the exhaust gas duct to be guided to the catalytic converter element and then rise again in order to reach the exhaust gas outlet.
  • a particularly long path length is achieved within the exhaust gas duct, which leads to an effective cooling of the exhaust gas before it passes through the catalytic converter element and also to a particularly effective use of the heat extracted from the exhaust gas.
  • the catalyst element and the base are arranged at the same vertical height.
  • the vertical distance of the catalyst element from the floor is less than or equal to 20 cm, preferably less than or equal to 10 cm, for example less than or equal to 5 cm.
  • the fact that the catalyst element and floor are arranged at the same height or at a relatively small vertical distance means that the entire height of the furnace is used as effectively as possible, so that the exhaust gases are cooled as effectively as possible before passing through the catalyst element or the heat extracted from the exhaust gas is used as effectively as possible is made possible.
  • a vertical distance of the inlet opening from the floor is greater than or equal to 50 cm, preferably greater than or equal to 80 cm, for example equal to or approximately equal to 90 cm or greater.
  • a length of the exhaust gas duct is at least twice as great as the vertical distance of the exhaust gas outlet from the floor, preferably at least three times as great.
  • the length of the exhaust gas duct can be understood to mean a path at least covered by the exhaust gas within the exhaust gas duct.
  • the relatively long path length of the exhaust gas enables effective use of heat and effective cooling of the exhaust gas.
  • a length of the first part of the exhaust duct is at least 50 cm.
  • the catalyst element contains a support material.
  • the catalyst element also contains a metal and / or a metal oxide.
  • the carrier material can for example consist of a ceramic material or contain a ceramic material or consist of metal or contain a metal.
  • the carrier material can, for example, be honeycomb-like or porous.
  • the metal oxide for example aluminum oxide, can for example be designed as a coating on the carrier material.
  • the metal for example platinum, rhodium and / or palladium, can be embedded in the metal oxide. Alternatively, the metal can be arranged directly on the carrier material.
  • the catalytic reaction for reducing the carbon monoxide is based in particular on the contact of the exhaust gas with the metal and / or the metal oxide.
  • the furnace is designed for the combustion of solid fuels, in particular wood-based solid fuels, for example for the combustion of wood, wood pellets and / or wood briquettes.
  • solid fuels in particular wood-based solid fuels, for example for the combustion of wood, wood pellets and / or wood briquettes.
  • Other solid fuels can also be used as fuels.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional representation of an exemplary embodiment of a furnace according to the improved concept.
  • the figure shows a cross-sectional representation of an exemplary embodiment of a furnace 1 according to the improved concept.
  • the furnace 1 is designed, for example, as an insert fireplace.
  • the furnace 1 has a housing 9, a combustion chamber 2 being provided within the housing 9.
  • the combustion chamber 2 is closed on a front side of the furnace 1, for example by a glass pane or some other cover (not shown).
  • the glass pane or cover can be opened, for example, in order to introduce fuel, for example firewood, into the combustion chamber 2.
  • the fuel can, for example, be placed on a base plate 10 of the combustion chamber 2 and ignited.
  • the furnace 1 can, for example, have a first air inlet opening 14 below the base plate 10 in order to guide fresh air 17 into the combustion chamber 2.
  • the furnace 1 can also have a fresh air duct 15 in order to guide the fresh air 17, for example, into an area above the cover or glass plate and let it in there. By entering the fresh air 17, for example, the pane can be rinsed to reduce soot contamination of the pane.
  • an exhaust gas outlet 3 by means of which the furnace 1 can be connected to a chimney pipe.
  • the furnace 1 also has a construction made up of several plates 11, 12, 13, 19. Together with a rear wall of the housing 9, the construction forms an exhaust gas duct which connects the combustion chamber 2 to the exhaust gas outlet 3.
  • the construction includes, for example, a first plate 11, which can be configured, for example, as a rear wall of the combustion chamber 2 or parallel to a rear wall of the combustion chamber 2.
  • a second plate 12 of the construction is arranged, for example, parallel or substantially parallel to the first plate 11 and between the first plate 11 and the housing 9.
  • a third plate 13 of the construction delimits, for example, the combustion chamber 2 at an upper side of the combustion chamber 2 at least partially.
  • a fourth plate 19 of the construction is arranged, for example, parallel or essentially parallel to the third plate 13 and in particular arranged between the third plate 13 and the exhaust gas outlet 3.
  • a baffle plate 18 of the furnace is also arranged above the combustion chamber 2 and serves, on the one hand, to guide exhaust gases 16 rising from or in the combustion chamber 2 into a space between the plates 13, 19, and on the other hand to block a direct path from the combustion chamber 2 to the exhaust gas outlet 3 for the exhaust gases 16.
  • a catalyst 4 of the furnace is arranged, for example.
  • the catalytic converter 4 can be designed in the form of a plate and aligned with the second plate 12.
  • a first part 5 of an exhaust gas duct is formed by a gap between the third and fourth plates 13, 19 and a gap between the first plate 11 and the second plate 12, which leads the exhaust gases 16 from the combustion chamber 2 to the catalytic converter 4.
  • a second part 6 of the exhaust gas duct is formed by a space between the second plate 12 and the wall of the housing 9, or a space between the catalytic converter 4 and the rear wall of the housing 9.
  • the exhaust gas 16 can be conducted from the exhaust gas duct 5, 6 through the exhaust gas outlet 3 out of the furnace 1.
  • the exhaust gas 16 On the way from the combustion chamber 2 via the inlet opening 7 through the first part 5 of the exhaust gas duct to the second part 6 of the exhaust gas duct and finally to the exhaust gas outlet 3, the exhaust gas 16 must flow through the catalytic converter 4. As a result, in particular a carbon monoxide concentration and also a solid particle concentration, for example a fine dust concentration, in the exhaust gases 16 are reduced.
  • the inlet opening 7 is arranged above the combustion chamber 2 and the catalytic converter 4 is at the same height as the base plate 10, in other words because the vertical distance, i.e. the distance based on the vertical axis 8, between the base plate 10 and the inlet opening 7 is greater than the vertical distance between the base plate 10 and the catalytic converter 4, which is, for example, zero or approximately zero, the exhaust gases 16 are directed back down on their way through the first part 5 of the exhaust duct. Accordingly, the exhaust gases 16 can cool by several 100 ° C. before they flow through the catalytic converter 4, which significantly increases the effectiveness of the catalytic converter 4 for reducing carbon monoxide.
  • the exhaust gases 16 cover a very long path in the construction described, which lies completely within the furnace 1, in order to get from the combustion chamber 2 to the exhaust gas outlet 3, the waste heat extracted from the exhaust gases 16 is available as useful heat.
  • the height of the furnace is used for exhaust gas routing, so that a compact design is made possible.
  • a height of the furnace can thereby be kept limited.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
  • Chimneys And Flues (AREA)
EP19178781.1A 2019-05-27 2019-06-06 Cheminée destinée au chauffage de bâtiment Pending EP3745028A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE202019102990.0U DE202019102990U1 (de) 2019-05-27 2019-05-27 Ofen zur Gebäudeheizung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3745028A1 true EP3745028A1 (fr) 2020-12-02

Family

ID=66776227

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19178781.1A Pending EP3745028A1 (fr) 2019-05-27 2019-06-06 Cheminée destinée au chauffage de bâtiment

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3745028A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE202019102990U1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2845882A (en) * 1955-02-23 1958-08-05 Oxy Catalyst Inc Incineration apparatus and method
GB2081886A (en) * 1980-07-28 1982-02-24 Corning Glass Works Wood burning stove
US4582044A (en) * 1984-01-19 1986-04-15 Vermont Castings, Inc. Clean burning exterior retrofit system for solid fuel heating appliances
WO2013159782A1 (fr) * 2012-04-27 2013-10-31 Skamol A/S Unité catalytique pour poêle à combustible solide

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2845882A (en) * 1955-02-23 1958-08-05 Oxy Catalyst Inc Incineration apparatus and method
GB2081886A (en) * 1980-07-28 1982-02-24 Corning Glass Works Wood burning stove
US4582044A (en) * 1984-01-19 1986-04-15 Vermont Castings, Inc. Clean burning exterior retrofit system for solid fuel heating appliances
WO2013159782A1 (fr) * 2012-04-27 2013-10-31 Skamol A/S Unité catalytique pour poêle à combustible solide

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE202019102990U1 (de) 2019-06-05

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