EP3740994A1 - Batterie à flux redox pourvue d'au moins une cellule et d'un élément à électrode ainsi que procédé de fabrication d'une structure conductrice d'un élément à électrode d'une batterie à flux redox - Google Patents

Batterie à flux redox pourvue d'au moins une cellule et d'un élément à électrode ainsi que procédé de fabrication d'une structure conductrice d'un élément à électrode d'une batterie à flux redox

Info

Publication number
EP3740994A1
EP3740994A1 EP19710295.7A EP19710295A EP3740994A1 EP 3740994 A1 EP3740994 A1 EP 3740994A1 EP 19710295 A EP19710295 A EP 19710295A EP 3740994 A1 EP3740994 A1 EP 3740994A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
electrolyte
channel
redox
battery
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19710295.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Robert Fleck
Barbara Schricker
Holger WOLFSCHMIDT
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP3740994A1 publication Critical patent/EP3740994A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
    • H01M8/184—Regeneration by electrochemical means
    • H01M8/188—Regeneration by electrochemical means by recharging of redox couples containing fluids; Redox flow type batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04276—Arrangements for managing the electrolyte stream, e.g. heat exchange
    • H01M8/04283—Supply means of electrolyte to or in matrix-fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • a redox flow battery which is also referred to as a liquid battery, wet cell or English as a redox flow battery, is an embodiment of a rechargeable battery.
  • the redox flux battery can gain great importance in the storage of electrical energy from renewable energy sources, since it can store fluctuating energies such as solar and / or wind energy and release them again when needed.
  • a characteristic feature of the redox flux battery is that the storage of the chemical energy does not take place, as usual, in a solid, but in a liquid electrolyte. This usually stores in two separate tanks and can be implemented in a cell of the redox flow battery as needed. Inside the cell are two electrodes, an anode and a cathode.
  • redox flux battery is the vanadium redox flux battery, in which both
  • the electrode should have high chemical and mechanical stability. In addition, it should have a particularly high conductivity and a particularly large active surface area.
  • the main function of the membrane is the charge balance, so the exchange of, in particular selec petivable, ions. However, a mixture of
  • Electrolytes which flows through the respective half-cell, not desired with the other electrolyte.
  • the membrane should be chemically stable and have a clotting conditions resistance.
  • a particularly high solubility of ions may be advantageous for the electrolyte.
  • a disadvantage of redox flow batteries can be, for example, the occurrence of high electrical and / or ionic resistances, which can lead to losses. Furthermore, A limited reaction kinetics or high diffusion resistances also lead to losses. A voltage efficiency can be influenced for example by polarization loss in particular during a charging cycle. Diffusion resistances come about, for example, that a rearrangement of electrons at the three-phase boundary can be done by diffusion processes. Therefore, as much as possible surface concentration of, for example, ions and / or electrons in the electrolyte should be present within the entire cell or half-cell, that is, the electrolyte should be particularly homogeneous. To reduce concentration-dependent losses, among other things, the volume flow of the electrolyte through the cell can be increased. However, this can lead to an increase in hydrodynamic pressure losses in the cell.
  • the losses mentioned can all occur simultaneously in the electrode or at interfaces between the electrode and the electrolyte in the redox flow battery.
  • the electrolyte is pumped through the electrode by means of a so-called flow field.
  • the flow field forms a conductive structure, which is arranged as part of an electrode element on the electrode, but separate from it.
  • US 9 166 243 B2 shows a flux battery comprising a first liquid porous electrode, a second liquid porous electrode spaced from the first liquid porous electrode, and an ion exchange membrane.
  • the ion exchange membrane is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode.
  • a first and a second flow field are arranged adjacent to the respec gene first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the flow fields have channels with at least partially blocked inlet or outlets.
  • US Pat. No. 8,808,897 B2 shows an electrode structure of a vanadium redox flow battery which has a proton exchange membrane, two graphite papers, two graphite Feltin units, two platelets, two graphite plates, two metal plates th and has a locking fixation device.
  • claim 15 discloses a method for producing a conductive structure of an electrode element of a redox flux battery.
  • a first aspect of the invention relates to a redox flux battery having at least one cell, which is subdivided by a membrane into half cells.
  • the respective half cell comprises a current conductor and an electrode element, which is arranged in an interior of the respective half cell through which an electrolyte can flow and which has an electrode and a conductive structure.
  • the electrolyte can advantageously be pumped or conveyed by means of a pump into or through the respective half cell, so that the electrolyte can flow through the half cell or flow.
  • the conductive structure for conducting the electrolyte is inven tion according integrated into the associated electrode.
  • the invention is based on the finding that, for example, in electrolytes whose redox pairs have a particularly fast reaction kinetics, losses can dominate oversüberhoven by Diffusi.
  • Existing previous concepts for the flow through the cell with electrolytes prove to be inadequate.
  • the electrolyte is pumped directly through the electrode or the electrolyte is pumped past channels in the electrode.
  • the conductive structure is formed together with the electrode, in particular in one piece and on the inside.
  • Foam and / or mesh and / or braid and / or felt and / or sponge as the basic structure of the electrode allows a particularly good distribution of the liquid electrolyte in the electrode. borrowed.
  • graphite can be used particularly advantageously, so that the electrode can be made particularly flexible and particularly porous in its morphology.
  • the guide structure is formed by different density ranges of the electrode.
  • the electrode which is in particular designed as a nonwoven surface, has several density areas, ie areas of different densities.
  • adjacent density ranges each have a mutually under different density.
  • Simulation calculations indicate that the density ranges are advantageously arranged asymmetrically with respect to one another in order to promote a distribution of the electrolytes in the electrode.
  • the respective density may be influenced in particular by the porosity or fiber structure of the material of the electrode.
  • the redox flux battery can also be particularly advantageous lyten with electric, which have a particularly fast reaction kinetics, operated.
  • the respec tive density range of the electrode is stitched.
  • material of the electrode in particular the fleece and / or paper and / or another of the above-mentioned basic structures, for example by means of a fiber and / or a thread by stitching a respective density range formed.
  • the sealing e Schemee are imprinted in the electrode by means of a mold structure of the current collector, which is in contact with the Elekt rode.
  • the current conductor on at least one of its outer peripheral sides or Au .ober one, in particular three-dimensional structure.
  • This structure forms the shape structure and presses quasi as a negative in an assembled state of the Re dox flow battery to the standing in contact with her Elekt rode, so rich by pressing different Dichtebe rich are formed in the respective electrode.
  • the respective density ranges can be formed FITS durable and / or costs are held low th.
  • the guide structure comprises a channel which has a square and / or run the cross section.
  • a channel is integrated or introduced into the electrode, which can be flowed through or flowed through particularly advantageously by the electrolyte.
  • the cross-sectional area of the channel which is perpendicular to the L Lucasserstre ckung of the channel, along this longitudinal extension direction Rich, in particular steadily, an altered size.
  • a molding element is arranged on a channel wall, which reduces or increases the cross-sectional area in at least one subregion of the channel.
  • the channel may be configured such that it can alter or change its cross-sectional area along its course, that is, that the cross-sectional area can widen or narrow along the flow direction of the electrolyte through the channel.
  • the cross-sectional area is first expanded and then reduced diameter, in order to expand in the direction of flow following it again, or vice versa.
  • the at least one addition to this formed on the channel wall molding element may for example be a concave bulge or a convex indentation, so that the mold element is also designed to change the cross-sectional area of the channel at least partially.
  • the pressure of the flowing through the channel electrolyte can be changed so that it comes to play, for example, a turbulence of the electrolyte in the Ka, which can lead to a mixing or a circulation in the electrolyte
  • the ions of the electrolyte can be emitted or absorbed in a particularly advantageous manner at the electrode.
  • At least one boundary surface of the channel which may in particular be part of the channel wall, at least partially covering equal to a portion of a surface, in particular outer surface, of the electrode.
  • the channel and the electrode share a common boundary, for example, to the current collector. This makes it possible, for example, make the channel particularly large, so that the water, for example, completely penetrate the electrode, at least in a partial area.
  • the electrolyte Elekt for example, particularly advantageous for individual Be rich the electrode out or who passed the.
  • the guide structure comprises a plurality of channels, wherein the channels are aligned substantially parallel to each other. That is, the respective longitudinal direction of extension of a respective channel is substantially parallel to the longitudinal extension directions of the at least one other channel.
  • the electrode in particular special subregions of the Elekt rode, particularly advantageous by the, in particular in the half-cell pumped or promoted, electrolytes are achieved lyten, so that, for example, the inner upper surface or reaction surface of the electrode for at least a portion of Reaction can be used very efficiently.
  • the entire volume of the electrode can be used efficiently for power generation.
  • the adjacent channels each have a different cross-sectional area, wherein the cross-sectional areas of adjacent channels to each other are in a predeterminable ratio.
  • a first channel has a first cross-sectional area and a second channel adjacent to the first channel has a second cross-sectional area, the first cross-sectional area is different from the second cross-sectional area.
  • a third channel adjacent to the second channel has a third cross-sectional area which is different from the second cross-sectional area.
  • the third cross-sectional area may be equal to the first cross-sectional area or may be different from the first cross-sectional area.
  • a channel width for example, in the case of an angular channel cross-sectional area or the channel diameter in the case of a circular channel cross-sectional area, may have a fixed ratio from one channel to the other. Due to the mentioned under different cross-sectional areas of the particular neigh th channels to each other, the electrolyte can be distributed particularly advantageous in the electrode.
  • adjacent channels are each arranged at the same distance from each other. That is, when a first channel has a first distance to a second channel, the distance between the second and third channels is equal to the first distance when the first and second channels and the second and third channels are each adjacent. Adjacent is to be understood that between the first and second channel as well as between the second and third channel each no further channel is arranged. By the respective equal distances of the adjacent channels to each other can be supplied evenly with the electrolyte in a particularly advantageous manner, the electric de. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the distance between adjacent channels in each case increases or decreases in a preferred direction of the electrode.
  • the distance between adjacent channels increases in a preprogression, or the distance along the preferential direction between adjacent channels becomes less. That is, if the channels are arranged, for example, parallel to the longitudinal direction of the electrode, so is a distance between the channels in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the transverse direction of the electrode between a first and a first adjacent two ten channel a first distance, whereas the distance between a second and a third channel, which is adjacent to the second channel and not to the first channel, a two ter distance, which is greater than the first distance.
  • a fourth channel, which is adjacent to the third channel in the preferred direction has a third distance to the third channel, which is greater than the second distance.
  • the electrolyte can be guided to or through the electrode in a particularly advantageous manner.
  • Ka channels are meandering to each other and at least partially connected directly to each other. That is, a preferred relationship of a longitudinal direction of a respective channel to the longitudinal direction of the electrode is not given, so that, for example, a first channel can be perpendicular to a second channel perpendicular.
  • the longitudinal extension direction of a first channel may be oblique to the longitudinal direction of a further Channel run.
  • the individual channels of the guide structure may be arranged to each other or have a propagation that intersect at least two channels in at least a portion along its propagation direction and thus in particular are particularly fluidly connected to each other. Due to the meandering arrangement of the channels in the guide structure, the electrolyte can be derageable or promoted by the electrode in a particularly advantageous manner.
  • the guide structure on at least one diffuser by means of which the electrolyte is on the electrode or away from the electrode lead bar.
  • the at least one diffuser can be a Len effect or leadership of the electrolyte take place, so that the electrolyte is particularly advantageous by the Leit structure through the electrode feasible or after passing through the electrode, for example, particularly advantageous to a stream is merge, so that the electrode is the half cell flow through particularly efficiently.
  • a second aspect of the invention relates to a method for producing at least one conductive structure of an electrode element of a redox flux battery.
  • the electrode element has an electrode and the conductive structure for conducting an electrolyte.
  • the electrode is produced according to the invention by means of addi tive production.
  • the conductive structure can be formed by the method according to the invention by means of casting the electrode with inserts and subsequent Ausbren NEN of the deposits, so that the conductive structure can be integrated into the electrode particularly advantageous.
  • the lead structure can be represented, for example, by means of a 3D printing method, as a result of which the lead structure in the electrode can be formed in virtually any configuration and adapted to the particular requirement of the electrolyte.
  • the simulation can be used by means of said resistor network for a suitable determination of the 3D structure.
  • the lead structure By impressing the guide structure, in particular the channels, in the electrolyte and in particular a subsequent Fixie tion of the structure, for example, also by a Abstep pen, as it is used to form the density ranges, the lead structure can be made, for example, particularly costeffi cient. Furthermore, in particular the non-woven or even the other mentioned basic structures of the electrolyte can be made by one of the mentioned production methods ago.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a Re dox flow battery according to the invention with an electrode element with electrode and conductive structure
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a third Elektrodenele element with different sealing areas in the electrode, which are characterized by a current conductor
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of a fourth Elektrodenele element with substantially parallel channels
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic representation of a sixth electrode elements with channels with different cross-sectional areas
  • FIG 8 is a schematic representation of a seventh Elektrodenele element with meandering channels arranged.
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic diagram of a circuit diagram of a resistance calculation for simulating an electrolyte flow through a half cell of the redox flux battery.
  • the redox flux battery 10 at least one cell 18, which is divided by a membrane 20 into half-cells 22.
  • an electrode element 12 and a respective current conductor 24 are arranged in each of the half cells 22.
  • the respective electrode element 12 is arranged in a flow-through by an electrolyte 26 in nenraum 28 of the respective half-cell 22 and includes the electrode 14 and the conductive structure 16.
  • the current conductors 24 serve to in the cell 18 between the half-cells 22 tap off electric current to provide him with example a consumer 30 available.
  • the redox flow battery 10 can be charged via the current arrester 24, for example, if an exchange from the electrolytes 26 for charging the redox flow battery 10 should not be eligible.
  • the redox flow battery 10 further comprises tanks 32, in wel chen each of the electrolyte 26 for a half-cell 22 is a derivative bar.
  • a pumping device 34 By means of a pumping device 34, the respective electrolyte 26 can be conveyed via a line 36 into the respective half-cell 22.
  • the electrolyte 26 is conveyed through the jewei time interior 28 of the cell and flows through or past the electrode 14 over.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a first electrode element 12 with different density regions 38 in the electrode 14.
  • different density regions 38 in the electrode 14 which is formed, for example, as a nonwoven, adjacent density regions 38 each having a mutually different density
  • a turbulence and / or comparative moderation of the electrolyte 26 take place in the electrode 14.
  • the electrolyte 26 homogenized who the, so that a particularly uniform distribution of ions in the electrolyte 26 may be present, whereby a reduction or oxidation at the given by the porosity of the electrode 14 large inner surface can take place anywhere.
  • diffusion voltages or polarization losses advantageously be particularly low.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Inert Electrodes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une batterie à flux redox (10) pourvue d'au moins une cellule (18), laquelle est divisée par une membrane (20) en demi-cellules (22), laquelle comprend respectivement un collecteur de courant (24) et un élément (12) à électrode, lequel est disposé dans un espace intérieur (28) de la demi-cellule (22) respective pouvant être traversée par un électrolyte (26) et présente une électrode (14) ainsi qu'une structure conductrice (16), la structure conductrice (16) destinée à guider l'électrolyte (26) étant intégrée dans l'électrode (14) associée. L'invention concerne en outre un procédé de fabrication d'au moins une structure conductrice d'un élément à électrode d'une batterie à flux redox (10).
EP19710295.7A 2018-02-28 2019-02-21 Batterie à flux redox pourvue d'au moins une cellule et d'un élément à électrode ainsi que procédé de fabrication d'une structure conductrice d'un élément à électrode d'une batterie à flux redox Withdrawn EP3740994A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18159038.1A EP3534448A1 (fr) 2018-02-28 2018-02-28 Batterie à flux redox à au moins une cellule et une électrode ainsi que procédé de fabrication d'une structure conductrice d'un élément électrode d'une batterie à flux redox
PCT/EP2019/054335 WO2019166324A1 (fr) 2018-02-28 2019-02-21 Batterie à flux redox pourvue d'au moins une cellule et d'un élément à électrode ainsi que procédé de fabrication d'une structure conductrice d'un élément à électrode d'une batterie à flux redox

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3740994A1 true EP3740994A1 (fr) 2020-11-25

Family

ID=61521400

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18159038.1A Withdrawn EP3534448A1 (fr) 2018-02-28 2018-02-28 Batterie à flux redox à au moins une cellule et une électrode ainsi que procédé de fabrication d'une structure conductrice d'un élément électrode d'une batterie à flux redox
EP19710295.7A Withdrawn EP3740994A1 (fr) 2018-02-28 2019-02-21 Batterie à flux redox pourvue d'au moins une cellule et d'un élément à électrode ainsi que procédé de fabrication d'une structure conductrice d'un élément à électrode d'une batterie à flux redox

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18159038.1A Withdrawn EP3534448A1 (fr) 2018-02-28 2018-02-28 Batterie à flux redox à au moins une cellule et une électrode ainsi que procédé de fabrication d'une structure conductrice d'un élément électrode d'une batterie à flux redox

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US11949138B2 (fr)
EP (2) EP3534448A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN112042027A (fr)
AU (1) AU2019228266B2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2019166324A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102021122995B3 (de) 2021-09-06 2022-10-06 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Bipolarplatte für eine Redox-Flow-Batterie, Redox-Flow-Batterie und Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Redox-Flow-Batterie
DE102022105339A1 (de) 2022-03-08 2023-09-14 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Redox-Flow-Converter und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Redox-Flow-Converters

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH09245820A (ja) * 1996-03-14 1997-09-19 Fuji Electric Co Ltd 燃料電池
JP2005347107A (ja) * 2004-06-03 2005-12-15 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd レドックスフロー電池セルおよびレドックスフロー電池
CN100347898C (zh) * 2005-11-18 2007-11-07 清华大学 一种氧化还原液流电池储能装置的电堆结构
DE102008033210A1 (de) * 2008-07-15 2010-01-21 Daimler Ag Bipolarplatte für eine Brennstoffzellenanordnung, insbesondere zur Anordnung zwischen zwei benachbarten Membran-Elektroden-Anordnungen
JP5335655B2 (ja) * 2009-01-28 2013-11-06 日本碍子株式会社 固体酸化物形燃料電池のスタック構造体
CN101719556B (zh) * 2009-11-24 2012-05-02 攀钢集团钢铁钒钛股份有限公司 氧化还原液流电池的电堆结构
DK2514015T3 (en) 2009-12-18 2015-07-20 United Technologies Corp CURRENT BATTERY WITH COMPLETE CURRENT FIELD
CN102299348A (zh) * 2010-06-25 2011-12-28 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 一种液流电池的多孔电极结构及其制备方法
US8808897B2 (en) * 2011-07-19 2014-08-19 Fu Jen Catholic University Electrode structure of vanadium redox flow battery
CN102723501B (zh) * 2012-06-29 2015-02-18 中国东方电气集团有限公司 多孔电极及含有其的液流电池、电池堆和电池系统
KR20180012263A (ko) * 2015-05-27 2018-02-05 스미토모덴키고교가부시키가이샤 레독스 플로우 전지
KR101742980B1 (ko) * 2016-04-15 2017-06-05 스탠다드에너지(주) 분로전류 저감 기능이 구비된 레독스 흐름전지

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2019166324A1 (fr) 2019-09-06
AU2019228266B2 (en) 2022-06-09
US20200411893A1 (en) 2020-12-31
AU2019228266A1 (en) 2020-09-24
CN112042027A (zh) 2020-12-04
EP3534448A1 (fr) 2019-09-04
US11949138B2 (en) 2024-04-02

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