EP3737640A1 - Matiere solide agglomeree de nanotubes de carbone desagreges - Google Patents
Matiere solide agglomeree de nanotubes de carbone desagregesInfo
- Publication number
- EP3737640A1 EP3737640A1 EP19703163.6A EP19703163A EP3737640A1 EP 3737640 A1 EP3737640 A1 EP 3737640A1 EP 19703163 A EP19703163 A EP 19703163A EP 3737640 A1 EP3737640 A1 EP 3737640A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- solid material
- agglomerated solid
- carbon nanotubes
- agglomerated
- cnts
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
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- JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[S] Chemical compound [Li].[S] JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BNOODXBBXFZASF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[S] Chemical compound [Na].[S] BNOODXBBXFZASF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241001441571 Hiodontidae Species 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019093 NaOCl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007970 homogeneous dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002109 single walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101710162453 Replication factor A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100035729 Replication protein A 70 kDa DNA-binding subunit Human genes 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- IUJLOAKJZQBENM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-2-methylpropan-2-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(SNC(C)(C)C)=NC2=C1 IUJLOAKJZQBENM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/158—Carbon nanotubes
- C01B32/168—After-treatment
- C01B32/17—Purification
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/158—Carbon nanotubes
- C01B32/168—After-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/158—Carbon nanotubes
- C01B32/168—After-treatment
- C01B32/174—Derivatisation; Solubilisation; Dispersion in solvents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
- C08K3/041—Carbon nanotubes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/36—Nanostructures, e.g. nanofibres, nanotubes or fullerenes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/10—Solid density
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/11—Powder tap density
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the invention relates to an agglomerated solid material comprising disintegrated carbon nanotubes free from organic compounds, as well as to its preparation process and its uses.
- Carbon nanotubes are recognized today as materials with great advantages, due to their very high mechanical properties, very high aspect ratios (length / diameter) as well as their electrical properties.
- CNTs carbon nanotubes
- SWNTs Single Wall Nanotubes
- MWNTs multiwall nanotubes
- the carbon nanotubes usually have a mean diameter ranging from 0.1 to 200 nm, preferably from 0.1 to 100 nm, and advantageously a length of more than 0.1 mhi and advantageously of 0 , 1 to 20 mh.
- their length / diameter ratio is advantageously greater than 10 and most often greater than 100.
- NTC can be carried out by different processes, however the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis makes it possible to manufacture a large quantity of CNTs.
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- the processes for synthesizing CNTs according to the CVD technique consist in bringing into contact, at a temperature of between 500 and 1500 ° C., a source of carbon with a catalyst, generally in the form of coated substrate grains. of metal, put in fluidized bed.
- the synthesized CNTs bind to the catalytic substrate grains in the form of an entangled three-dimensional network, forming powder comprising CNT agglomerates, the average dimensions of which are of the order of a few hundred microns.
- the agglomerates which are also called primary aggregates, have an average size of about 300 to 600 microns, the d50 being the apparent diameter of 50% of the agglomerates population.
- the CNTs thus obtained can be used as they are, but it is also possible to subject them to a further subsequent purification step, intended to remove the grains from the catalytic substrate.
- the surface of the CNTs in a primary aggregate has a granular structure, characterizing a disordered entanglement of CNTs.
- This method includes a step of grinding, inside or outside the synthesis reactor, to limit the size of the three-dimensional network entangled with CNT on the catalyst, and to make available catalytic active sites of said catalyst.
- This process makes it possible to limit the formation of CNT agglomerates of size greater than 200 ⁇ m and / or to reduce their number, and produces CNTs of greater purity while significantly improving the productivity of the catalyst used.
- this method does not overcome the problems of handling CNTs, because of their powderiness.
- it is proposed in WO 17/126775 to prepare CNT granules from a mixture of CNTs in the form of a powder with a dispersion solvent, in a weight ratio ranging from 5: 1 to 1: 2, and extruding the resulting paste as granules which are then dried.
- This process has the characteristic of using only a small amount of solvent.
- the granules thus obtained have an apparent density greater than the density of the CNT powder, in particular a density greater than 90 kg / m 3 and generally less than 250 kg / m 3 .
- the solvent used can be selected from a wide list of compounds, such as water, alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propanol), ketones (acetone), amides (dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide), esters or ethers , aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene) or aliphatic hydrocarbons.
- This process makes it possible to compact the CNT powder and to reduce the average size d50 of the agglomerates constituting the CNT granules by more than 60% relative to the size of the agglomerates constituting the CNT powder.
- the granules thus obtained generally have a particle size d50 of less than 200 ⁇ m, preferably less than 150 ⁇ m, and even less than 20 ⁇ m, or even less than 15 ⁇ m.
- d50 particle size of the aggregates, that is to say the entanglement of the CNTs, does not appear to be modified according to this method.
- WO 2008/000163 discloses a method for preparing carbon nanotube aerogels comprising well-dispersed aggregates of carbon nanotubes having a diameter of about 1 nm to about 100 microns and a density of from 0.1 to about 100 g. / l. These aerogels are solvent free and are used to prepare carbon nanotube membranes and nanocomposite materials.
- WO 2012/080626 describes a process for introducing nanocharges of carbon origin into a metal or a metal alloy. This results in a metal composite comprising well dispersed nanofillers, of density close to that of the metal, used for the production of metal structures.
- CNT masterbatches are ready to use and can be safely introduced into a matrix to form composites with improved properties.
- the host matrix of the NTC masterbatch is chosen to correspond to, or be compatible with, the matrix of the composite material.
- the primary aggregates are broken down by the mechanical shear used to disperse the CNTs homogeneously in a liquid or viscoelastic host matrix.
- organic compounds can be introduced to modify the NTC-host matrix interfaces, generally it is surfactants, dispersants, plasticizers, or other compound of essentially organic nature.
- the present invention meets this need by providing an agglomerated solid material comprising carbon nanotubes free of organic compounds which are no longer in the form of primary aggregates as obtained during the synthesis of these carbon nanotubes.
- the invention firstly relates to an agglomerated solid material comprising carbon nanotubes (CNTs) which are disaggregated and free from organic compounds, and which consists of a continuous network of carbon nanotubes comprising aggregates of carbon nanotubes with a mean size d50 of less than 5. mhi, in a proportion of less than 60% in area determined by image analysis by electron microscopy.
- CNTs carbon nanotubes
- the agglomerated solid material according to the invention has a bulk density of between 0.01 g / cm 3 and 2 g / cm 3 .
- the agglomerated solid material may be in any coarse form, or for example in spherical, cylindrical form, in the form of scales, granules, bricks or other solid bodies, etc., the smallest dimension of which is greater than one millimeter, of preferably greater than 3 mm, without there being any limitation in size.
- the agglomerated solid material is in the form of granules.
- free from organic compounds means that the mass loss between 150 ° C. and 350 ° C. is less than 1% according to the ATG method under air carried out with a rise in temperature of 5 ° C./min.
- disaggregated is meant that in mass, the CNT no longer present the primary aggregates obtained during their synthesis.
- the morphology of the agglomerated solid material according to the invention does not correspond to a shape-conserving material of the primary aggregates resulting from the synthesis of CNTs, but the size (diameter, number of walls) of the CNTs constituting this agglomerated solid material. is not changed.
- the present invention therefore excludes the agglomerated solid material consisting of carbon nanotubes in the form of compressed primary aggregates.
- the morphology of the agglomerated solid material of the invention is characterized by electron microscopic image analysis leading to the determination of the average proportion of d50 size aggregates less than 5 ⁇ m present on a 20 x 20 sample surface. mhi 2 according to the following method:
- Ten images by electron microscopy are made on a 20 ⁇ m x 20 ⁇ m area, including 5 in the aggregate-rich areas and in areas where the aggregates are less visible. All the images are made on a fresh fracture of the solid matter. The images are analyzed in order to select the identifiable forms of size between 0.5 and 5mhi. The identifiable forms are either aggregates (light areas) or voids (dark areas).
- the gray areas attributed to the continuous network of NTCs are considered as the background image surface that is not covered by the identifiable forms.
- The% of the surface of the image filled by identifiable forms is calculated as follows: S (identifiable forms, in mh 2 ) * 100 / 400mhi 2 .
- continuous grating is meant the background image by electron microscopy of the agglomerated solid material, which is not covered by aggregates of size d50 less than 5 ⁇ m.
- the continuous CNT network does not have a clearly defined shape or shape and is unclassifiable at a scale of 0.5-5 microns.
- the continuous network represents more than 40% at the surface according to the image analysis.
- the surface of the carbon nanotubes constituting the agglomerated solid material may have a certain level of oxidation.
- the agglomerated solid material may contain at least one chemical compound of inorganic nature intimately included in the continuous network of carbon nanotubes.
- Inorganic materials include metallic, carbon, silicon, sulfur, phosphorus, boron, and other solid entities; oxides, sulfides, nitrides of metals; hydroxides and salts; ceramics of complex structure or mixtures of all these inorganic materials.
- the agglomerated solid material contains carbon in the form of other carbon nanofillers such as graphene, graphite, or carbon black at a content adapted to the intended application.
- These inorganic chemical compounds may have a different, isotropic or anisotropic form factor and a maximum size of 1 mm.
- the bulk density of the agglomerated solid material is between 0.1 g / cm 3 and 2 g / cm 3 , preferably between 0.1 and 1.0 g / cm 3 .
- the invention also relates to a process for preparing said agglomerated solid material.
- the preparation process according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises at least one step of compressing a CNT powder in the presence of at least one sacrificial substance, and optionally at least one inorganic compound, followed by high shear mixing of the powder in the compressed state, then shaping to obtain an agglomerated solid material and final elimination of the sacrificial substance.
- the CNT powder may be an NTC powder directly from the synthesis reactor, or a pretreated CNT powder and / or purification treatment or any chemical treatment, or mixture with a compound of inorganic nature.
- the compression step of the CNT powder leads to denser compacted CNTs, with apparent density significantly higher than the apparent density of the CNTs in powder form.
- the high-shear mixing of the powder in the compressed state makes it possible to shear the aggregates of CNT present in the powder, in order to reduce their size, and simultaneously to change the nature of the entanglement of the CNTs in the aggregates. even completely remove the aggregates, so as to obtain a continuous network of CNTs.
- the compression step and the high shear mixing step are advantageously carried out in a compounding device.
- sacrificial substance is meant a substance that does not modify the surface of the CNTs after its final elimination. It can be a liquid, solid or supercritical compound.
- the sacrificial material may be water, a solvent, an organic molecule or a polymer, or mixtures thereof in any proportion.
- the sacrificial substance may be hydrophilic or hydrophobic in nature.
- the sacrificial substance can be removed by any means appropriate to its nature, for example by drying, calcination, thermal cracking, pyrolysis, degassing, etc.
- the sacrificial substance is chosen so that its removal can be carried out completely without leaving a trace or residue in the final product.
- the mass ratio between the CNTs and the sacrificial matrix is chosen according to the density of the desired agglomerated solid.
- the porosity percentage of the agglomerated solid material corresponds to the volume fraction of the sacrificial substance used in the process.
- the process for preparing the agglomerated solid material according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises at least the following stages:
- Steps b) and c) can be repeated to achieve a greater level of disaggregation.
- compounding device is meant, according to the invention, an apparatus conventionally used in the plastics industry for the melt blending of thermoplastic polymers and additives in order to produce composites.
- Compounding devices are well known to those skilled in the art and generally comprise feed means, in particular at least one hopper for pulverulent materials and / or at least one injection pump for liquid materials; high shear mixing means, for example a co-rotating or counter-rotating twin-screw extruder or a co-kneader, a conical mixer, or any type of screw mixer, usually comprising an auger arranged in a sheath (tube) heated or multi-chamber internal mixer; an outlet head which gives shape to the outgoing material; and cooling means, in air or with the aid of a water circuit, of the material. This is usually in the form of a rush continuously out of the device and which can be cut or granulated. Other forms can however be obtained by adapting a die of the desired shape on the exit die.
- feed means in particular at least one hopper for pulverulent materials and / or at least one injection pump for liquid materials
- high shear mixing means for example a co-rotating or counter-rotating twin-scre
- Another subject of the invention is the agglomerated solid material obtainable according to the process of the invention.
- the disaggregated CNTs constituting the agglomerated solid material obtained according to the process of the invention have a better ability to be dispersed in a wide variety of media, liquid, solid, or melt, compared to CNTs in the form of powder. They are therefore advantageously used to confer improved properties including conductivity or mechanical strength in many fields of application.
- the invention also relates to the use of the agglomerated solid material according to the invention or obtained according to the method of the invention for integrating carbon nanotubes in aqueous or organic-based liquid formulations.
- the invention also relates to the use of the agglomerated solid material according to the invention or obtained according to the process of the invention for the manufacture of composite materials, of the thermoplastic or thermosetting type.
- the invention also relates to the use of the agglomerated solid material according to the invention or obtained according to the process of the invention for the preparation of elastomeric compositions.
- the invention also relates to the use of the agglomerated solid material according to the invention or obtained according to the process of the invention for the manufacture of battery components and supercapacitors.
- the invention also relates to the use of the agglomerated solid material according to the invention or obtained according to the process of the invention for the preparation of electrode formulations for lithium-ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, batteries Sodium-Sulfur, or lead-acid batteries or other types of energy storage system.
- the invention also relates to the use of the agglomerated solid material according to the invention or obtained according to the process of the invention for preparing catalytic supports constituting electrodes.
- the present invention overcomes the disadvantages of the state of the art while respecting the constraints related to health and industrial hygiene.
- FIG. 1 illustrates at the SEM the morphology of the agglomerated solid material according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 illustrates at the SEM the morphology of a CNT powder (comparative) DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
- the disaggregated carbon nanotubes constituting the agglomerated solid material according to the invention may be of the single wall (SWNT), double-walled (DWNT) or multi-walled (MWNT) type.
- the carbon nanotubes usually have a mean diameter ranging from 0.1 to 200 nm, preferably from 0.1 to 100 nm, more preferably from 0.4 to 50 nm and better still from 1 to 30 nm, or even from 10 to 10 nm. at 15 nm, and advantageously a length of more than 0.1 pm and advantageously from 0.1 to 20 mhi, preferably from 0.1 to 10 mhi, for example about 6 mhi. Their length / diameter ratio is advantageously greater than 10 and most often greater than 100.
- Multi-walled carbon nanotubes can for example comprise from 5 to 15 sheets and more preferably from 7 to 10 sheets.
- NTC crude in the form of powder used to prepare the NTC disaggregated according to the invention is in particular the tradename Graphistrength Cl ® 00 from Arkema.
- the disaggregated CNTs comprise metallic or mineral impurities, in particular metal and mineral impurities originating from the synthesis of crude CNTs in the form of powder.
- the amount of non-carbonaceous impurities may be from 2 to 20% by weight.
- the disaggregated CNTs are free from metal impurities, and result from crude PTCs that have been purified to remove impurities inherent in their synthesis.
- the purification of the crude or milled nanotubes can be carried out by washing with a sulfuric acid solution, so as to rid them of any residual mineral and metal impurities, such as for example iron from their preparation process. .
- the weight ratio of the nanotubes to the sulfuric acid may especially be between 1: 2 and 1: 3.
- the purification operation may also be carried out at a temperature ranging from 90 to 120 ° C, for example for a period of 5 to 10 hours. This operation may advantageously be followed by rinsing steps with water and drying the purified nanotubes.
- the nanotubes may alternatively be purified by high temperature heat treatment, typically above 1000 ° C.
- the disaggregated CNTs are oxidized CNTs.
- the oxidation of the nanotubes is advantageously carried out by putting them in contact with a solution of sodium hypochlorite containing from 0.5 to 15% by weight of NaOCl and preferably from 1 to 10% by weight of NaOCl, for example in a weight ratio of nanotubes to sodium hypochlorite ranging from 1: 0.1 to 1: 1.
- the oxidation is advantageously carried out at a temperature below 60 ° C. and preferably at room temperature, for a duration ranging from a few minutes to 24 hours. This Oxidation operation may advantageously be followed by filtration steps and / or centrifugation, washing and drying of the oxidized nanotubes.
- the disaggregated CNTs form a continuous network comprising CNT aggregates of average size d50 less than 5 mHi, in a proportion of less than 60% at the surface determined by electron microscopic image analysis.
- the proportion of aggregates with an average size of less than 5 mHi is preferably less than 40% by area, more preferably less than 20% by surface, and even less than 10% by surface.
- the continuous CNT network preferably represents more than 60% on the surface, more preferably more than 80% on the surface, or even more than 90% on the surface, according to the image analysis by electron microscopy.
- the disaggregated CNTs are free of organic compounds on their surface.
- a method for preparing the disaggregated CNTs constituting the agglomerated solid material of the invention utilizes a compounding device to compress a CNT powder and shear the CNT aggregates to reduce their size and CNT entanglement.
- co-kneaders examples include the BUSS® MDK 46 co-kneaders and those of the BUSS® MKS or MX series sold by the company BUSS AG, all of which consist of a screw shaft provided with fins, disposed in a heating sleeve optionally consisting of several parts and whose inner wall is provided with kneading teeth adapted to cooperate with the fins to produce a shear of the kneaded material.
- the shaft is rotated and provided with oscillation movement in the axial direction by a motor.
- These co-kneaders may be equipped with a granule manufacturing system, adapted for example to their outlet orifice, which may consist of an extrusion screw or a pump.
- the co-kneaders that can be used according to the invention preferably have an L / D screw ratio ranging from 7 to 22, for example from 10 to 20, while the co-rotating extruders advantageously have an L / D ratio ranging from 15 to 56, for example from 20 to 50.
- a significant mechanical energy which is preferably greater than 0.05 kWh / kg of material.
- the compounding of the powder is carried out in the presence of a sacrificial substance in a weight ratio ranging from 10: 90 to 40: 60, preferably from 10: 90 to 32:68, or even from 80 to 30:70, to obtain agglomerated particles comprising disaggregated CNTs and the sacrificial substance, the sacrificial material then being removed to form the disaggregated CNTs free from organic compounds. It has been shown that in this report, compounding can be done optimally for a wide range of sacrificial substances.
- a solvent which leaves no residue after its removal by drying of the agglomerated solid material or an organic substance which does not leave residues after the pyrolysis of the agglomerated solid material.
- a substance in the supercritical state that does not leave a residue after degassing for example C0 2 supercritical
- water, an alcohol, or other hydrophilic solvents, as well as their mixtures, preferably water, are used as the solvent.
- the organic substance used is a polymer such as PP polypropylene, PET polyethylene terephthalate, PC polycarbonate, polyamide PA, preferably polypropylene PP.
- inorganic compounds such as oxides, metal salts to obtain an agglomerated solid CNT disaggregated with mineral compounds beneficial for the application considered.
- inorganic compounds such as oxides, metal salts
- PP homopolymer PPH 155 (produced by BRASKEM) was used as the sacrificial material. Carbon nanotubes (Graphistrength ® Cl 00 ARKEMA) and PPH 155 were introduced in weight proportion 25/75 using two gravimetric feeders into the hopper of a Buss co-kneader ® MDK 45 equipped with a recovery extrusion screw and a granulation device.
- the temperature of the two heating zones of the co-kneader is 290 ° C and 240 ° C.
- the profile of each kneader zone has the restriction ring ensuring the compression of the material undergoing the mechanical shear applied by the co-kneader screw.
- the recovery extruder was set at 250 ° C.
- the final composition was then put into the form of cylindrical granules of size 3.5 mm in diameter and 3-4 mm in length.
- the density of the agglomerated solid obtained is estimated at 0.24 g / cm 3 .
- Ligure 1 illustrates by SEM electron microscopy the morphology of this agglomerated solid material. According to this image, the proportion of CNT aggregates of average size d50 of less than 5 mHi represents 3% at the surface.
- FIG. 2 illustrates the morphology of a crude CNT powder having a granular structure at the 2- ⁇ m scale, characterized by the presence of CNT aggregates in a proportion greater than 90% on the surface.
- the sacrificial matrix used is demineralised water.
- NTC Graphistrength ® Cl 00 Arkema
- the mixture was put in the form of granules 4 mm in diameter and length
- the granules were passed through a ventilated oven heated to 130 ° C. After drying for 3 hours, the agglomerated solid CNT in the form of granules has the same appearance as the material obtained in Example 1.
- the density is estimated at 0.22 g / cm 3
- EPDM gum grade VISTALON 2504N was used as the polymer base.
- the reference formulation without carbon additive is as follows:
- Formulation 1 Solid agglomerated according to the invention of Example 1
- Formulation 2 Solid agglomerated according to the invention of Example 2 -
- Formulation 3 NTC form of powder, commercial grade ARKEMA Graphistrength ® C 100
- the mixer used has a mixing capacity of about 260 cm3 ( Figure 1).
- the mixer chamber has two Banbury tangential type rotors.
- the rotors are driven by a motor equipped with a variable speed drive.
- the roll mixer consists of two cylinders rotating in opposite directions of rotation at identical speeds or not.
- the ratio between the two speeds is called coefficient of friction.
- the external mixer is used here to achieve a dispersive state in the mixture and introduce the vulcanization system (sulfur and accelerators).
- Table 2 The vulcanization system (sulfur and accelerators).
- the densities were measured on the raw materials after introduction of the vulcanization system, on a helium pycnometer.
- the mixtures more loaded with CNT are logically more dense than the mixtures with a lower charge.
- Formulations 1 and 2 prepared with the agglomerated solid material having disaggregated CNTs have comparable density values.
- Formulation 3 prepared with CNTs as primary aggregates is characterized by a lower density due to possible dispersion defects.
- a Mooney MV One instrument (TA instruments) is then used for the characterization of the viscosity. This test consists in measuring the torque to be applied to rotate a rotor plane at a constant rate (2 tr.min 1) in a cylindrical chamber waterproof filled with rubber, with a volume equal to 25 cm 3 , and heated to constant temperature.
- the resistance of the rubber to this rotation corresponds to the Mooney consistency of the elastomer. It is expressed in an arbitrary unit proportional to the measured torque and called the Mooney Unit (UM).
- Formulations 1 and 2 are superior to formulation 3 comprising crude CNTs introduced in powder form.
- Formulations 1 and 2 are superior to formulation 4 which comprises CNTs already pre-dispersed in a masterbatch.
- Example 4 Vulcanized materials containing the agglomerated solid material according to the invention
- the shaping of the elastomer base formulations obtained in Example 3 was carried out by thermocompression on a 30T plate press.
- the raw mixture is positioned in a 2mm thick frame between two Teflon papers themselves sandwiched in two steel plates.
- the shaping temperature is set at 165 ° C., and the vulcanization time is determined by a measurement of kinetics performed on the measuring apparatus RP A.
- the kinetic monitoring of the vulcanization of the mixtures was carried out within a moving chamber rheometer.
- An RPA Elite rheometer of the TA Instruments brand was used.
- the sample with a volume of 4 cm3, is placed in a thermally regulated chamber.
- the evolution of the opposing resistor torque by the rubber is measured at a low amplitude oscillation (0.2, 0.5, 1, 3 ° of arc) of a biconical rotor.
- the oscillation frequency is set at 1.67 Hz.
- the measurements were carried out at a temperature of 180 ° C. for 20 minutes at an angle of 0.5 ° of arc.
- the plates were molded at 180 ° C to 95 ° on the 30T plate press.
- the mechanical tests were carried out according to the IS037 standard on Universal INSTRON traction machine at ambient temperature.
- the standard test specimens were cut beforehand:
- Formulations 1, 2 and 4 are all higher in tensile strength than Formulation 3 made with powdered CNTs.
- the disaggregated CNTs present in the agglomerated solid material prepared in Example 2 in the hydrophilic medium show slightly lower performances than those obtained with the disaggregated CNTs present in the agglomerated solid material prepared in Example 1 in the hydrophobic medium.
- the PAYNE or non-linearity effect is more important for charged mixtures.
- This parameter is related to the state of dispersion. According to this criterion, the CNTs disaggregated according to Example 2 give a very good result for dispersibility, superior to the masterbatch of the state of the art (formulation 4). The tensile results of the formulation 2 which are lower are explained more by the more favorable NTC / EPDM interfaces in the hydrophobic systems.
- the agglomerated solid material of the invention makes it possible to approach the antistatic domain, even at a low level of 3 phr, by marking the beginning of the percolation.
- formulation 2 which demonstrates a performance at the same level as formulation 4 of the state of the art, prepared from a master batch comprising a pre-dispersion of crude CNTs, which is today the best technological approach, transposable on an industrial scale.
- the agglomerated solid material of the invention achieves similar or superior results with respect to this reference of the state of the art, in terms of mechanical or electrical properties.
- the agglomerated solid material of the invention is usable for a wide variety of polymer matrices, and thus becomes a universal solution for effectively introducing CNTs, in contrast to the "master mix" approach which requires a similar nature of the matrix of NTC concentrate and polymer matrix of the application.
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Abstract
Description
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FR1850241A FR3076827A1 (fr) | 2018-01-12 | 2018-01-12 | Matiere solide agglomeree de nanotubes de carbone desagreges. |
PCT/FR2019/050052 WO2019138193A1 (fr) | 2018-01-12 | 2019-01-10 | Matiere solide agglomeree de nanotubes de carbone desagreges |
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EP (1) | EP3737640A1 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20200096945A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN111601770A (fr) |
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FR2895393B1 (fr) | 2005-12-23 | 2008-03-07 | Arkema Sa | Procede de synthese de nanotubes de carbone |
CN100386258C (zh) * | 2006-06-23 | 2008-05-07 | 清华大学 | 气凝胶碳纳米管及其制备方法和应用 |
FR2921391B1 (fr) | 2007-09-24 | 2010-08-13 | Arkema France | Procede de preparation de materiaux composites |
FR2943349B1 (fr) | 2009-03-23 | 2012-10-26 | Arkema France | Procede de preparation d'un materiau composite elastomerique a haute teneur en nanotubes |
FR2943350B1 (fr) | 2009-03-23 | 2012-10-19 | Arkema France | Procede de preparation d'un materiau composite thermodurcissable a haute teneur en nanotubes |
US10196993B2 (en) | 2009-09-08 | 2019-02-05 | Ge Global Sourcing Llc | System and method for operating a turbocharged engine |
FR2957910B1 (fr) | 2010-03-23 | 2012-05-11 | Arkema France | Melange maitre de nanotubes de carbone pour les formulations liquides, notamment dans les batteries li-ion |
CN103201214B (zh) * | 2010-11-05 | 2016-01-13 | 独立行政法人产业技术综合研究所 | Cnt分散液、cnt成型体、cnt组合物、cnt集合体及它们的制造方法 |
FR2968676B1 (fr) * | 2010-12-14 | 2012-12-07 | Arkema France | Procede d'introduction de nanocharges d'origine carbonique dans un metal ou un alliage |
FR2998573B1 (fr) | 2012-11-26 | 2015-09-04 | Arkema France | Melange maitre a base de nanocharges carbonees et de superplastifiant, et son utilisation dans des systemes inorganiques durcissables |
FR3027604B1 (fr) * | 2014-10-27 | 2016-11-04 | Arkema France | Preparation d'un melange-maitre a base de soufre et de nanocharges carbonees, le melange-maitre obtenu et ses utilisations |
FR3033327B1 (fr) | 2015-03-05 | 2018-10-12 | Arkema France | Composition solide de nanocharges carbonees pour les formulations utilisees dans les batteries au plomb. |
KR102010459B1 (ko) | 2016-01-20 | 2019-08-13 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 카본나노튜브 펠렛 및 이의 제조방법 |
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- 2019-01-10 WO PCT/FR2019/050052 patent/WO2019138193A1/fr unknown
- 2019-01-10 EP EP19703163.6A patent/EP3737640A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
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CN111601770A (zh) | 2020-08-28 |
US20200346930A1 (en) | 2020-11-05 |
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