EP3730708A1 - Thermally insulating connection element and thermally insulating component - Google Patents

Abstract

A thermally insulating connection element (13, 14, 15), in particular for the transmission of forces from a supported structure to a support structure, is rod-shaped and has a first connection section (21), a second connection section (23) and one between the connection sections (21 , 23) arranged central section (22). The length (l ₃) of each connecting section (21, 23) corresponds to at least 5 times the largest diameter (d) of this connecting section (21, 23). The connecting element (13, 14, 15) consists of fiber-reinforced material. At least a partial cross-section (25) of the connecting element (13, 14, 15) extends in one piece and continuously through the first connecting section (21), the central section (22) and the second connecting section (23). The rigidity of the connecting element (13, 14, 15) is greater in the central section (22) than in the connecting sections (21, 23). A thermally insulating component (1) has a connecting element (13, 14, 15) which extends through the insulating body (5).

Description

The invention relates to a thermally insulating connecting element of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1 and a thermally insulating component of the type specified in the preamble of claim 17.

From the WO 2017/121658 A1 a thermally insulating component is known which comprises several connecting elements, namely tension rods. Some of the connecting elements are made of non-metallic material, for example resin, in which basalt fibers are embedded. The other part of the tension rods is made of steel.

From the WO 2005/035892 A1 It is also known to screw a connecting element made of glass fiber reinforced plastic into steel nuts which protrude through the parting line in the area of the parting line. This increases the mechanical strength. However, the use of steel nuts also reduces the insulating effect.

The object of the invention is to provide a thermally insulating connecting element which has high strength with a good insulating effect. Another object of the invention is to provide a thermally insulating component which can transmit high forces and has a good insulating effect.

Thermally insulating connecting elements, in particular thermally insulating connecting elements for thermally insulating components, usually have anchoring sections which protrude into the supported structure and the supporting structure, for example into a balcony slab and a building ceiling, and which are cast into the surrounding concrete. Such connecting elements usually have a central section which bridges a parting line between the supported structure and the supporting structure. It has now been shown that the surrounding concrete in the connecting sections plays a decisive role in the load-bearing effect. Only in the middle section does the connecting element have to absorb all the forces that occur.

The present invention now provides for a connecting element made of fiber-reinforced material, in which at least a partial cross-section extends in one piece and continuously through the first connecting section, the central section and the second connecting section, that the rigidity of the connecting element is greater in the central section than in the connecting sections.

In contrast to the prior art, the present invention therefore does not provide for the connection element made of fiber-reinforced material to be combined with steel connection elements or with surrounding reinforcement elements such as nuts or the like made of steel, but rather to form the connection element made of fiber-reinforced material itself in the central section with greater rigidity. Because the rigidity of the thermally insulating connecting element is increased only in the central section, the additionally required amount of fiber-reinforced material is comparatively small, so that the connecting element can be produced comparatively cheaply. Because the connecting element consists entirely of fiber-reinforced material, a very good insulating effect can be achieved with high transferable forces at the same time.

The rigidity of the middle sections is preferably at least 110%, in particular at least 130%, preferably at least 150% of the rigidity of each connecting section. The rigidity of the two connecting sections is preferably the same. However, provision can also be made to provide two connecting sections with different rigidity.

The partial cross-section, which extends in one piece and continuously through the two connecting sections and the central section, preferably forms at least 30%, in particular at least 50% of the cross-section of the connecting element in at least one connecting section, in particular in both connecting sections. The partial cross-section forms a continuous rod through the connecting sections and the central section, which is not interrupted. For example, the connecting element in the partial cross-section is not made from a plurality of sections connected to one another in the longitudinal direction of the connecting element. As a result, the fiber reinforcement in the partial cross-section extends continuously through both connecting sections and the central section. This achieves a high level of rigidity.

A simple design results when the connecting element has at least one basic element and at least one reinforcing element connected to the basic element, the at least one basic element extending continuously through the connecting sections and the central section and forming at least part of the partial cross-section, and the at least one reinforcing element in the Central portion is arranged and does not extend into the connecting portions. Because the connecting element is made up of a base element and a reinforcement element, the desired stiffness properties and insulation properties can be matched in a simple manner by matching the cross-sections of the base element and reinforcing element. In order to coordinate the rigidity and / or the insulating properties of the connecting element and to achieve further desired properties, the at least one basic element can be used and the at least one reinforcement element consists of the same fiber-reinforced material or of different fiber-reinforced materials. The at least one reinforcing element can preferably be firmly bonded or mechanically fixed to the at least one base element. The reinforcement element can for example be glued to the base element for a materially bonded connection or connected to the base element by a welding process, for example by ultrasonic welding. In particular, a locking mechanism is provided as a mechanical fastening. However, fastening via one or more separate fastening elements can also be advantageous. Other types of connection between the reinforcing element and the base element can also be advantageous.

In an alternative embodiment it is advantageously provided that the connecting element is designed in one piece. With a one-piece design of the connecting element at the connecting sections, the supporting cross section of the connecting element is preferably reduced compared to the supporting cross section in the central section. The reduction in the load-bearing cross section is preferably provided so that the reinforcing fibers forming the edge fibers do not extend continuously and in the longitudinal direction of the connecting element. Both an arrangement of the edge fibers interrupted in the longitudinal direction and an alignment of the edge fibers at least in sections in a direction that is inclined to the longitudinal direction can ensure that the edge fibers only contribute to the strength of the connecting element to a lesser extent, so that the rigidity of the Connecting element is thereby reduced in the connecting sections. Edge fibers that do not run continuously can be produced, for example, if grooves or the like are milled into the circumference of the connecting element and so no edge fibers are arranged in the region of the groove. Starting from a connecting element which has grooves over its entire length, for example to improve the anchoring in the surrounding concrete, provision is made to omit the grooves in the central section. Edge fibers that are not aligned in the longitudinal direction of the connecting element can thereby be produced in particular when the connecting element is produced in a pultrusion process be that the fibers are placed in folds in the edge area of the connecting element so that the edge fibers run undulating. A run of the edge fibers obliquely to the longitudinal direction, for example by an approximately helical arrangement of the edge fibers, can be provided to reduce the load-bearing cross-section and thus to reduce the rigidity.

The connecting element is advantageously produced in a pultrusion process. In the case of a connecting element made up of a base element and a reinforcement element, all of the base elements and all of the reinforcement elements are preferably produced in a pultrusion process.

The connecting element preferably has a profile on its outside in at least one connecting section. The profile can be designed in a wide variety of geometric shapes and improves the anchoring of the at least one connecting section in the surrounding concrete. A profile on the connecting element can also be provided in the middle section. This is particularly advantageous if the connecting element is arranged in a thermally insulating component and the central section protrudes from the insulating body of the thermally insulating component in the installed state.

In order to adapt to desired properties, the central section can at least partially consist of a different material than the connecting sections. For this purpose, the reinforcing element can in particular consist of a different material than the basic element. It can, however, also be provided to provide a one-piece connecting element which consists of different materials in the connecting sections and in the central section. A base element which consists of different materials in the connecting sections and in the central section can also be advantageous. In particular, different fiber reinforcements or different base materials in which the fibers are embedded can be provided in the individual sections.

The middle section advantageously consists at least partially of a material that has a higher fire resistance than the material of at least one connecting section. The middle section advantageously consists at least partially of pourable or injectable material. The middle section advantageously consists at least partially of mineral material, in particular of high-strength concrete or mortar or ultra-high-strength concrete or mortar. The middle section preferably consists at least partially of a material which has a lower thermal conductivity than the material of at least one connecting section.

The base material of the fiber-reinforced material in which the fibers are embedded can be a plastic material or a mineral material. The fiber-reinforced material preferably has glass fibers and / or basalt fibers and / or carbon fibers and / or aramid fibers as fiber reinforcement. Fibers made from other materials can also be advantageous for fiber reinforcement.

At least one connecting section is advantageously connected to the central section via a transition section, the cross section of the connecting element in the transition section increasing continuously from the connecting section to the central section. This avoids a notch effect at the transition between the connecting section and the central section. The transition section can have a straight or curved, for example convex or concave, outer contour.

For a thermally insulating component for use in a separating joint between a supported structure and a supporting structure, in particular between a balcony slab and a building ceiling, with an insulating body, the insulating body having a longitudinal direction and longitudinally extending, opposite longitudinal sides, it is provided that at least one connecting element according to the invention extends through the insulating body.

In an advantageous embodiment it is provided that the middle section protrudes from the insulating body on at least one longitudinal side, in particular on both longitudinal sides, of the insulating body. In an advantageous alternative configuration, it is provided that the middle section is arranged completely within the insulating body. As a result, the middle section advantageously holds the connecting element in the insulating body.

Fig. 1

eine schematische Darstellung eines thermisch isolierenden Bauelements in einer Trennfuge,

Fig. 2

eine ausschnittsweise schematische perspektivische Darstellung eines thermisch isolierenden Bauelements,

Fig. 3

eine Ansicht auf die Stirnseite eines Verbindungselements des thermisch isolierenden Bauelements nach Fig. 2,

Fig. 4

eine schematische perspektivische Darstellung der Anordnung aus Fig. 2,

Fig. 5

eine ausschnittsweise schematische perspektivische Darstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines thermisch isolierenden Bauelements,

Fig. 6

eine perspektivische Darstellung des Verbindungselements aus Fig. 5,

Fig. 7

eine Ansicht auf die Stirnseite des Verbindungselements aus Fig. 6,

Fig. 8

eine Ansicht auf die Stirnseite einer alternativen Gestaltung des Verbindungselements aus Fig. 6,

Fig. 9

eine perspektivische Darstellung eines alternativen Verbindungselements,

Fig. 10

eine Ansicht auf die Stirnseite des Verbindungselements aus Fig. 9,

Fig. 11

eine perspektivische Darstellung des Verbindungselements aus Fig. 9,

Fig. 12

eine perspektivische Darstellung eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels eines Verbindungselements,

Fig. 13

eine Ansicht auf die Stirnseite des Verbindungselements aus Fig. 12,

Fig. 14

eine perspektivische Darstellung des Verbindungselements aus Fig. 12,

Fig. 15 und 16

perspektivische Darstellungen eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels eines Verbindungselements,

Fig. 17

eine Ansicht auf die Stirnseite des Verbindungselements aus den Figuren 15 und 16,

Fig. 18

eine Ausführungsvariante des Verstärkungselements des Verbindungselements aus den Figuren 15 bis 17,

Fig. 19

eine weitere Ausführungsvariante eines Verbindungselements in perspektivischer Darstellung,

Fig. 20

eine Ansicht auf die Stirnseite des Verbindungselements aus Fig. 19,

Fig. 21

eine vergrößerte schematische Darstellung eines Ausschnitts des Verbindungselements aus Fig. 19 im Bereich zwischen Verbindungsabschnitt und Mittelabschnitt,

Fig. 22

eine perspektivische Darstellung eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels eines Verbindungselements,

Fig. 23

eine Ansicht auf die Stirnseite des Verbindungselements aus Fig. 22,

Fig. 24

eine vergrößerte, schematische Darstellung eines Ausschnitts des Verbindungselements aus Fig. 22 im Bereich zwischen Mittelabschnitt und Verbindungsabschnitt,

Fig. 25 und 26

schematische Darstellungen von Ausführungsvarianten für den Übergangsabschnitt zwischen Verbindungsabschnitt und Mittelabschnitt.

Embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the drawing. Show it:

Fig. 1

a schematic representation of a thermally insulating component in a parting line,

Fig. 2

a partial schematic perspective illustration of a thermally insulating component,

Fig. 3

a view of the end face of a connecting element of the thermally insulating component according to Fig. 2 ,

Fig. 4

a schematic perspective illustration of the arrangement from Fig. 2 ,

Fig. 5

a partial schematic perspective illustration of an exemplary embodiment of a thermally insulating component,

Fig. 6

a perspective view of the connecting element Fig. 5 ,

Fig. 7

a view of the end face of the connecting element Fig. 6 ,

Fig. 8

a view of the end face of an alternative design of the connecting element Fig. 6 ,

Fig. 9

a perspective view of an alternative connecting element,

Fig. 10

a view of the end face of the connecting element Fig. 9 ,

Fig. 11

a perspective view of the connecting element Fig. 9 ,

Fig. 12

a perspective view of a further embodiment of a connecting element,

Fig. 13

a view of the end face of the connecting element Fig. 12 ,

Fig. 14

a perspective view of the connecting element Fig. 12 ,

Figures 15 and 16

perspective representations of a further embodiment of a connecting element,

Fig. 17

a view of the end face of the connecting element from Figures 15 and 16 ,

Fig. 18

a variant of the reinforcement element of the connecting element from the Figures 15 to 17 ,

Fig. 19

a further embodiment of a connecting element in a perspective view,

Fig. 20

a view of the end face of the connecting element Fig. 19 ,

Fig. 21

an enlarged schematic representation of a section of the connecting element Fig. 19 in the area between the connecting section and the central section,

Fig. 22

a perspective view of a further embodiment of a connecting element,

Fig. 23

a view of the end face of the connecting element Fig. 22 ,

Fig. 24

an enlarged, schematic representation of a section of the connecting element Fig. 22 in the area between the central section and the connecting section,

Figures 25 and 26

schematic representations of design variants for the transition section between connecting section and middle section.

Fig. 1 shows a perspective, schematic representation of a thermally insulating component 1, which is intended for use in a separating joint 4 between a supported structure and a supporting structure, in the exemplary embodiment between a schematically illustrated balcony slab 2 and a schematically illustrated building ceiling 3. The thermally insulating component 1 comprises an insulating body 5, the is filled with insulating material. The insulating body 5 is designed as an elongated box and has a longitudinal direction 6, which extends in the longitudinal direction of the parting line 4 and in the installed state in the horizontal direction, and a transverse direction 7, which in the installed state extends in the horizontal direction from the balcony slab 2 to the building ceiling 3 and vertically to the longitudinal direction 6 extends. The insulating body 5 also has a vertical direction 8 which, in the installed state, is oriented vertically and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 6 and perpendicular to the transverse direction 7.

The insulating body 5 has opposite longitudinal sides 9 and 10, which run approximately parallel to the longitudinal direction 6 and to the vertical direction 8. To transmit forces between balcony slab 2 and building ceiling 3, connecting elements 13, 14, 15 are provided, which protrude on opposite longitudinal sides 9 and 10 of insulating body 5 from insulating body 5 into balcony slab 2 or building ceiling 3.

In the exemplary embodiment, the connecting elements 13 are designed as tension rods and, when installed, are arranged in the upper region of the insulating body 5. In the exemplary embodiment, the connecting elements 14 are pressure rods which are arranged in the lower region of the insulating body 5. The connecting elements 15 are transverse force bars which run in the building ceiling 3 in the upper area and in the balcony slab 2 in the lower area or in the balcony slab 2 in the upper area and in the building ceiling 3 in the lower area. In addition, thrust bearings 16 and thrust thrust bearings 17 are provided to absorb compressive forces. The type and arrangement as well as the design of the connecting elements 13, 14, 15, the thrust bearing 16 and the thrust thrust bearing 17 are to be adapted to the application of the thermally insulating component 1 and selected to be adapted to requirements. Individual types of connecting elements can therefore also be omitted or other types of connecting elements can be provided.

In order to achieve a good insulating effect through the thermally insulating component 1, it is provided according to the invention that in Fig. 1 to form connecting elements 13, 14 and / or 15, shown only schematically, from fiber-reinforced material. Because the connecting elements 13, 14 and / or 15 are neither partially nor completely made of metal, a very good insulating effect can be achieved. The fiber-reinforced material can have glass fibers and / or basalt fibers and / or carbon fibers and / or aramid fibers and / or steel fibers. The base material in which the reinforcing fibers are embedded is not made of metal. As a result, embedded fibers, in particular steel fibers, are thermally separated from one another via the base material, and a good insulating effect results even when using steel fibers.

Fig. 2 shows schematically the arrangement of a connecting element 13 in an insulating body 5. The insulating body 5 is only shown in part and can be viewed in the longitudinal direction 6 and in the vertical direction 8 ( Fig. 1 ) have a significantly larger extension. The arrangement of the connecting element 13 in the vertical direction 8 is to be selected adapted to the application.

The connecting element 13 is in the embodiment according to Fig. 2 constructed from a base element 26 and a reinforcement element 27 held on the base element 26. The base element 26 has a length l ₁ which, in the exemplary embodiment, corresponds to the total length of the connecting element 13. The reinforcing element 27 has a length l ₂ which is smaller than the length l ₁ . In the exemplary embodiment, the base element 26 protrudes at both ends of the reinforcement element 27. The sections of the base element 26 which protrude beyond the reinforcement element 27 form connecting sections 21 and 23, at which the connecting element 13 is surrounded and embedded in the surrounding concrete by the balcony slab 2 and building ceilings 3. The area in between, in which both the base element 26 and the reinforcement element 27 extend, forms a central section 22 which protrudes through the insulating body 5. In the exemplary embodiment, the length l _{2 of} the reinforcement element 27 larger than the extension of the insulating body 5 in the transverse direction 7, so that the central section 22 protrudes from the insulating body 5 on both longitudinal sides 9 and 10 of the insulating body 5.

How Fig. 2 shows, the connecting portions 21 and 23 each have a length l ₃ . The length l ₃ corresponds to at least 5 times the in Fig. 3 The largest diameter d shown of the respective connecting section 21, 23. Preferably, the length l _{3 is} at least as large as the length l ₂ , in particular greater than the length l ₂ , so that the connecting element 13, 14, 15 is well anchored in the surrounding concrete results.

The fact that the reinforcing element 27 is arranged in the central section 22 and firmly connected to the base element 26 results in an increased stiffness of the connecting element 13 in the central section 22. The rigidity in the central section 22 is advantageously at least 110%, in particular at least 130%, preferably at least 150 % of the rigidity of each connecting portion 21 and 23.

How Fig. 2 shows, the base element 26 can have a profile 28, which can be formed, for example, by grooves milled in the base element 26. In the exemplary embodiment, the grooves run perpendicular to a longitudinal direction 50 of the connecting element 13. However, a helical design of the grooves can also be provided. Another type of profiling that improves the anchorage in the surrounding concrete can also be advantageous.

How Fig. 2 shows, a partial cross-section 25 of the base element 26 extends over the entire length of the connecting element 13 from a first end 18 to a second end 19 of the connecting element 13. The ends 18 and 19 are arranged on the connecting sections 21 and 23 in the exemplary embodiment. If a profile 28 is provided, the partial cross-section 25 extends over the entire length of the connecting element 13 extends to reduce the cross section of the profile. The partial cross section 25 is advantageously at least 30%, in particular at least 50% of the cross section of the connecting element in at least one, in particular in both connecting sections 21 and 23.

Fig. 3 shows the design of base element 26 and reinforcement element 27 in detail. The base element 26 and reinforcement element 27 when joined together form an approximately circular cross section, the outer circumference of the reinforcement element 27 being at a slightly greater distance from a longitudinal center axis 49 of the connecting element 13 than the base element 26. The reinforcement element 27 is mechanical on the base element 26 in the exemplary embodiment, namely via a snap connection held. For this purpose, latching lugs 30 are formed on the reinforcement element 27, which protrude into corresponding recesses 36 of the reinforcement element 27. The base element 26 and the reinforcement element 27 are formed with an approximately constant cross section over their entire length, with the exception of a possibly introduced profile 28. The latching lugs 30 are designed as webs which extend over the entire length of the reinforcing element 27. In the exemplary embodiment, the base element 26 is designed with an approximately T-shaped or mushroom-shaped cross section. The reinforcement element 27 has an approximately C-shaped cross section, the ends of the C forming the latching lugs 30. The arrangement of the connecting element 13 on the insulating body 5 is also shown in FIG Fig. 4 shown. It can be seen here that the middle section 22 protrudes from the insulating body 5 on both longitudinal sides 9 and 10 of the insulating body 5.

Fig. 5 shows an alternative arrangement of an embodiment of a connecting element 13, in which the middle section 22 is arranged completely in the insulating body 5. Only the connecting sections 21 and 23 protrude from the insulating body 5. The openings through which the connecting element 13 protrudes from the insulating body 5 are matched in their size to the connecting sections 21 and 23. This keeps the Central section 22 the connecting element 13 in its position in the insulating body 5. The connecting element 13 cannot be pulled out of the insulating body 5.

It can also be provided that the middle section 22 ends at the longitudinal sides 9 and 10 of the insulating body 5. The described arrangement variants of the middle section 22 with respect to the insulating body 5 are advantageous for all of the described exemplary embodiments of connecting elements 13, 14, 15.

That in the Figures 5 to 7 The illustrated embodiment of a connecting element 13 has a base element 26 and a reinforcing element 27. The base element 26 is designed as a rod with a circular cross section. However, a different cross section can also be advantageous. The reinforcing element 27 has an approximately C-shaped cross section and runs on a longitudinal side of the base element 26. How Fig. 7 shows, forms in the embodiment according to Figures 5 to 7 the reinforcing element 27 with the base element 26 does not have an undercut, for example by means of locking lugs. To fix the reinforcement element 27 on the base element 26, for example, a material connection, in particular by gluing or by a welding process, preferably by ultrasonic welding, can be provided. However, a different type of connection can also be provided. The base element 26 has a diameter d. The reinforcing element 27 has a thickness b which is significantly smaller than the diameter d. The rigidity in the central section is preferably at most 5 times, in particular at most 3 times, the rigidity in the connecting sections 21 and 23.

Fig. 8 shows a variant embodiment of the reinforcement element 27 of FIG Figures 5 to 7 . The reinforcing element 27 has a thickness b which, based on the in Fig. 8 Diameter d of a base element 26 shown schematically is greater than in the exemplary embodiment according to Figures 5 to 7 . The thickness b can for example be 10% to 30% of the diameter d. How Fig. 8 also shows, the reinforcing element 27 extends over an angle α of more than 180 ° around the longitudinal center axis 49 on the circumference of the base element 26, so that the reinforcement element 27 forms an undercut with the base element 26 and can be snapped onto the base element 26. Alternatively or additionally, in the exemplary embodiment according to Fig. 8 a material bond, in particular a chemical connection, can be provided.

The embodiment according to Figures 9 to 11 shows a base element 26 with a rectangular, preferably square diameter, which is surrounded in the middle section 22 on three longitudinal sides by a reinforcing element 27. The reinforcing element 27 is also angular on its outer circumference, so that a rectangular cross section of the connecting element 13 also results in the central section 22. In the exemplary embodiment, the reinforcing element 27 has approximately the same wall thickness on all three longitudinal sides of the base element. How Fig. 10 shows, a diameter a of the connecting element 13 in the central section 22 is greater than a diameter d of the base body 26. The diameters a and d are each the largest diameter of the respective section. The in Fig. 10 The rectangular cross-section shown, the diameters a and d are measured between opposite edges.

The Figures 12 to 14 show an embodiment of a connecting element 13, which has a base element 26 and two reinforcing elements 27 arranged thereon. The reinforcement elements 27 are of identical design and, as in the exemplary embodiment, can be similar to that in FIGS Figures 7 and 8 Reinforcing element 27 shown may be designed with an approximately C-shaped cross section. However, a different design of the reinforcing elements 27 can also be advantageous. The shape of the base element 26 corresponds approximately to two rods with a circular cross-section, which are connected to one another on one longitudinal side. The largest diameter d of the base element 26 is in Fig. 13 shown. The approximately C-shaped reinforcing element 27 is arranged on the two longitudinal sides facing away from the connection point.

In the embodiment according to the Figures 15 to 17 two basic elements 26 are provided which are fixed to a common reinforcing element 27. The reinforcement element 27 is approximately H-shaped and has two legs 31 which are connected to one another via a central web 32. How Fig. 17 shows are in the variant according to the Figures 15 to 17 the basic elements 26 on the circumference encompassed by the reinforcing element 27 over less than 180 °, so that there is no positive connection. The reinforcement element 27 can be fixed to the base elements 26, for example, by means of a chemical bond such as an adhesive or ultrasonic welding. The largest diameter d of the connecting section 21, 23 corresponds to the distance between the longitudinal sides of the basic elements 26, which are arranged at a distance from one another. The largest diameter d is the largest extension of the connecting section 21, 23 perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 50 of the connecting element 13.

In the embodiment according to Fig. 18 , which is a slightly modified variant of the embodiment according to the Figures 15 to 17 represents, the reinforcing element 27 engages around each base element 26 over an angle α of more than 180 ° of its circumference, so that a form-fitting connection results. In the embodiment according to Fig. 18 the legs 31 are rounded at their ends. Also a design with edges according to Fig. 17 can be beneficial.

The Figures 19 to 21 show a further exemplary embodiment of a connecting element 13. The connecting element 13 has a central section 22 and the two connecting sections 21 and 23. In the connecting sections 23, the connecting element 13 has a diameter d that is greater than the diameter a in the central section 22. The reduced rigidity of the connecting sections 21 and 23 compared to the central section 22 is achieved by a special arrangement of the reinforcing fibers 33, 37. This is in Fig. 21 shown schematically. The fibers 33 and 37 are shown schematically in the exemplary embodiments. Preferably, individual, in particular essentially all, fibers 33 and 37 extend over the entire length of the connecting element 13. In a preferred embodiment, the fibers 33 and 37 are embedded in resin.

In a partial cross-section 25, which extends over the entire length of the connecting element 13 from one end 18 to the other end 19, the reinforcing fibers 37 run elongated and parallel to the longitudinal direction 50. The reinforcing fibers 37 are not interrupted. In the connecting sections 21 and 23, the edge fibers 33, which lie outside the partial cross-section 25, are inclined in sections to the longitudinal direction 50. In Fig. 21 An angle β is shown as an example, which an edge fiber 33 encloses with the longitudinal direction 50. The edge fibers 33 run in a wave shape and form a helically encircling elevation 34, which at the same time serves to anchor in the surrounding concrete. The undulating course of the edge fibers 33 is advantageously produced in that the edge fibers 33 are pressed less strongly in sections, so that the elevations 34 result. Due to the wavy course of the edge fibers 33 in the longitudinal section, the edge fibers 33 cannot or only slightly absorb the tensile forces acting on the connecting element 13, since the edge fibers 33 can stretch or be compressed in the longitudinal direction 50 when tensile forces or compressive forces are applied. As a result, a reduced rigidity is achieved in the connecting sections 21 and 23. If the base material is plastic, the long-chain molecules of the base material can be aligned accordingly, so that the base material in which the edge fibers 33 run also has a lower rigidity in the connecting sections 21 and 23 than in the central section 22.

Figures 22 to 24 show an exemplary embodiment of a connecting element 13 in which grooves 35 are introduced, preferably milled, into connecting sections 21 and 23. The grooves 35 are formed circumferentially and thereby interrupt the edge fibers 33, as in FIG Fig. 24 is shown. Only the fibers 37 of the partial cross-section 25 thus contribute to the load-bearing cross section. In the middle section 22 all fibers carry including the edge fibers 33 contribute to the strength, so that there is increased rigidity in the central section 22. Instead of a single groove 35, one or more helically extending grooves 35 can also be provided. It can also be provided that the edge fibers 33 are both interrupted, ie not arranged continuously, and, as in FIG Fig. 21 shown, are arranged inclined to the longitudinal direction 50, for example by a wave-shaped arrangement or by a helical arrangement.

The Figures 25 and 26 schematically show embodiment variants for a transition section 29 which extends between a connecting section 21 and the central section 22. A corresponding transition section 29 is preferably also provided between the middle section 22 and the connecting section 23. In the embodiment according to Fig. 25 the transition section 29 runs conically, so that there is a continuous increase in the diameter from the connecting section 21 to the central section 22. In the embodiment according to Fig. 26 a course of the outer contour that is arched in relation to the longitudinal direction 50 is provided in the transition section 29. The outer contour can be convex in section or, as in Fig. 26 indicated by a dashed line, are concave. The transition section 29 can be formed by a further element connected to the base element 26 and the reinforcement element 27, or it can be molded onto the base element 26 or the reinforcement element 27. In the embodiments according to Figures 19 to 24 the transition section 29 can be formed by corresponding shaping of the connecting element 13, 14, 15.

Advantageous design variants result from any combination of the exemplary embodiments described with one another. In all exemplary embodiments, it is provided that the rigidity in the central section 22 is at least 110%, in particular at least 130%, preferably at least 150% of the rigidity of each connecting section 21, 23. The partial cross-section 25 preferably forms in at least one connecting section 21, 23, in particular in both connecting sections at least 30%, in particular at least 50% of the cross section of the connecting element 13, 14, 15. In all of the exemplary embodiments, in addition to the profiles 28 shown, a profile 28 of any design can be provided in any arrangement in one or more further sections.

For all exemplary embodiments it is provided that the middle section 22 consists at least partially of a material that has a higher fire resistance than the material of at least one connecting section 21 and 23. This can be achieved in particular by a different material of the reinforcement element 27 than that of the base element 26. In the Figures 19 to 24 The one-piece design of a connecting element 13 shown, the higher fire resistance can be achieved in particular by choosing a different base material or by choosing a different composition of the reinforcing fibers 37, 33. The middle section 22 preferably consists at least partially, in particular completely, of mineral material, in particular of high-strength or ultra-high-strength concrete or mortar. The reinforcement element 27 is advantageously made of concrete or mortar, in particular of high-strength or ultra-high-strength concrete or mortar. The middle section 22 preferably consists at least partially of a material that has a lower thermal conductivity than the material of at least one connecting section 21 and 23.

The connecting element 13, 14, 15 can also be provided for other purposes, for example for fixing facade panels or as a reinforcement element for concrete.

Claims (19)

Thermally insulating connecting element, in particular for the transmission of forces from a supported structure to a supporting structure such as from a balcony slab (2) in a building ceiling (3), the connecting element (13, 14, 15) being rod-shaped and a first connecting section (21) , a second connecting section (23) and a central section (22) arranged between the connecting sections (21, 23), the length (l ₃ ) of each connecting section (21, 23) being at least 5 times the largest diameter (d) of this connecting section ( 21, 23), wherein the connecting element (13, 14, 15) consists of fiber-reinforced material and wherein at least a partial cross-section (25) of the connecting element (13, 14, 15) extends in one piece and continuously through the first connecting section (21), the Middle section (22) and the second connecting section (23), characterized in that the rigidity of the connecting element (13, 14, 1 5) is larger in the central section (22) than in the connecting sections (21, 23). Connecting element according to claim 1,
characterized in that the rigidity in the central section (22) is at least 110%, in particular at least 130%, preferably at least 150% of the rigidity of each connecting section (21, 23). Connecting element according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that the partial cross-section (25) forms at least 30% of the cross-section of the connecting element (13, 14, 15) in at least one connecting section (21, 23), in particular in both connecting sections (21, 23). Connecting element according to one of Claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that the connecting element (13, 14, 15) has at least one basic element (26) and at least one reinforcing element (27) connected to the basic element (26), the at least one basic element (26) extending continuously through the connecting sections (21 , 23) and the central section (24) and forms at least part of the partial cross-section (25) and wherein the at least one reinforcing element (27) is arranged in the central section (24) and does not extend into the connecting sections (21, 23). Connecting element according to claim 4,
characterized in that the at least one base element (26) and the at least one reinforcement element (27) consist of the same fiber-reinforced material. Connecting element according to claim 4,
characterized in that the at least one base element (26) and the at least one reinforcement element (27) consist of different fiber-reinforced materials. Connecting element according to one of claims 4 to 6,
characterized in that the at least one reinforcing element (27) is firmly bonded or mechanically fixed to the at least one base element (26). Connecting element according to one of Claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that the connecting element (13, 14, 15) is designed in one piece. Connecting element according to claim 8,
characterized in that at the connecting sections (21, 23) the load-bearing cross section of the connecting element (13, 14, 15) is reduced compared to the load-bearing cross section in the central section (22). Connecting element according to one of Claims 1 to 9,
characterized in that the connecting element (13, 14, 15) is produced in a pultrusion process. Connecting element according to one of Claims 1 to 10,
characterized in that the connecting element (13, 14, 15) has a profile (28) on its outside in at least one connecting section (21, 23). Connecting element according to one of Claims 1 to 11,
characterized in that the central section (22) consists at least partially of a material which has a higher fire resistance than the material of at least one connecting section (21, 23). Connecting element according to one of Claims 1 to 12,
characterized in that the middle section (22) consists at least partially, in particular completely, of mineral material. Connecting element according to one of Claims 1 to 13,
characterized in that the middle section (22) consists at least partially of a material which has a lower thermal conductivity than the material of at least one connecting section (21, 23). Connecting element according to one of Claims 1 to 14,
characterized in that the fiber-reinforced material has glass fibers and / or basalt fibers and / or carbon fibers and / or aramid fibers. Connecting element according to one of Claims 1 to 15,
characterized in that at least one connecting section (21, 23) is connected to the central section (22) via a transition section (29), the cross section of the connecting element (13, 14, 15) in the transition section (29) differing from the connecting section (21, 23) to the middle section (22) continuously increased. Thermally insulating component for use in a partition (4) between a supported structure and a supporting structure, in particular between a balcony slab (2) and a building ceiling (3), with an insulating body (5), the insulating body (5) having a longitudinal direction (6 ) and has opposite longitudinal sides (9, 10) running in the longitudinal direction (6),
characterized in that at least one connecting element (13, 14, 15) according to one of Claims 1 to 16 extends through the insulating body (5). Component according to claim 17,
characterized in that the middle section (22) protrudes from the insulating body (5) on at least one longitudinal side (9, 10), in particular on both longitudinal sides (9, 10) of the insulating body (5). Component according to claim 17,
characterized in that the central section (22) is arranged completely within the insulating body (5).

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