EP0086751B1 - Anchor stretchable under tension - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to an anchor that can be subjected to tensile stress for connecting two separate components. The most common application example is the connection of balconies to a house, but the invention also makes it possible to build other attachments such as stairwells or lift shafts separately and to connect them to the associated structure.

So far, the balcony floor has been designed as an extension or protrusion of the relevant ceiling separating the floors, so that it protrudes outside and drains considerable amounts of heat from the house in winter. This results in a corresponding increase in energy consumption for the heating, which must be avoided in view of the increasingly acute need to save energy, and it results in cold feet in the room behind the balconies, which is more recent

Building biology runs counter, according to which it is a prerequisite for healthy living that the walls and ceilings bounding a living space have the same temperature as the air in the living space. Proceeding from this, efforts have recently been made to construct balconies arranged one above the other as a separate, albeit immediately adjoining extension outside the heated and possibly heat-insulated building volume to the outside.

Such an extension must be anchored to the house in a suitable manner, and without bridging a space that is to be provided between them and that should be filled with thermal insulation if possible. If the extension is completely self-supporting, it does not require any special anchoring with the house in the direction parallel to the house wall (apart from cases where it assumes tower-like dimensions); However, if it consists of balcony ceilings that are only supported on the outside of the foundation, they must be provided with a shear anchor connection with the house, which is only known for anchors that transmit shear forces. Others are anchoring perpendicular to the house wall: this is necessary in any case, and it must be able to absorb and transmit tensile forces.

Part of the invention consists in the knowledge that previous tie rods, such as those used for double-shell walls (double walls), are unsuitable for the present purpose due to their rigidity in the direction of pull, which does not involve the connection of two shells of the same wall in the same Building, but about the connection of two components, which in this sense represent mutually independent buildings. Buildings "work", i.a. due to different thermal expansions, due to the influences and properties of each one; In earthquake areas there is also the fact that rigidly connected structures or components have little chance of survival. In the case of a house with continuous heat insulation on the outside and an attachment that is always exposed to the outside temperature, e.g. with balconies, there are particularly large differences in temperatures and thermal expansion in winter.

• a) Der Anker besteht mindestens aus einer im einen, zuerst zu erstellenden Bauteil, einzulassenden Hülse und aus einem daraus hervorragenden Zugorgan;
• b) das Zugorgan ist so eingerichtet, dass es einerseits in die Hülse einführbar und darin verankerbar, andererseits im anderen, hernach zu estellenden Bauteil unmittelbar oder verankert in einer zweiten Hülse oder kombiniert mit einer Büchse einlassbar ist;
• c) die Verbindung zwischen der Hülse oder mindestens einer der Hülsen und dem eingeführten und darin verankerten Zugorgan ist derart ausgebildet, dass sie beim Auftreten einer bestimmten, von den Bauteilen ausgehenden Zugkraft elastisch nachgibt und das Zugorgan aus der Hülse bzw. den Hülsen um eine begrenzte Wegstrecke auswandert.

Another part of the invention consists in recognizing the accordingly arising task of creating an anchor that can be subjected to tensile stress and that does not connect as rigidly as previous tie bolts, but nevertheless satisfactorily serves the purpose of secure connection. The invention solves the problem with an anchor which has the following features:

• a) The anchor consists at least of a sleeve to be let into one of the components to be created first, and of a pulling element which is excellent therefrom;
• b) the traction element is set up in such a way that it can be inserted into the sleeve and anchored therein, on the one hand, and on the other hand directly or anchored in the other component to be made afterwards in a second sleeve or combined with a sleeve;
• c) the connection between the sleeve or at least one of the sleeves and the tension member introduced and anchored therein is designed such that it yields elastically when a certain tensile force originating from the components occurs and the tension member out of the sleeve or sleeves by a limited amount Emigrated route.

The tensile force emanating from the components - this says something about their size - can be calculated or at least estimated in terms of their greatest expected amount, and the new anchor must be able to cope with it, i.e. it should be able to do this with regard to itself and the constructive possibilities dimensioned and installed in such a number that the respective tensile forces are mastered. A practically usable dimensioning is, for example, that an anchor can be loaded with a tensile force of 500 kg, and that its anchor moves about 3 to 5 mm, so that at this or only a slightly larger value a stop limiting the emigration astroke increases to reach. It is also advantageous if the elastic connection between the provision and the sleeve is given a moderate pretension, so that the former does not begin to migrate out of the sleeve at the slightest tensile forces. This also applies to a second sleeve at the other end of the tension member, if one is provided and the anchorage of the tension member in it should also be resilient; the second sleeve then roughly doubles the entire emigration distance, so that its arrangement in the top floors of an extension can be appropriate and no correspondingly dimensioned sleeve at one end of the Train organ needs to provide.

Contrary to the purpose and design of the subject of the invention, that of U.S. Patent No. 3,715,851 and French Patent No. 983,089 are devices for securing a machine or the like to a foundation, with a long threaded pin pivotable to the precise Position of the mounting holes of the machine can be aligned and thanks to its length due to its vibrations no sharp load peaks that could lead to fatigue failure in the long run; Of course, the bolt cannot and must not migrate in its longitudinal direction. The Austrian patent specification 296 575 describes a transport and assembly anchor for prefabricated components, which serves as a hanger and the like with a hook, an eyelet or the like. protrudes, and as far as there is a spring, it only serves to snap ("lock") in a certain position when turning the hook or the eyelet, but not an elastic resilience of such outstanding hangers under tensile load.

The installation of the new anchor is done in principle as follows: In the component to be executed first - usually this is the house - the sleeves of the new anchor are inserted in the required number at the designated locations, then the associated tension members are inserted into the sleeves and anchored in it (if necessary, the second sleeves are also slid on and anchored at their free end) so that the traction elements protrude along their length, whereupon the thermal insulation and the plastering are applied to the component, if applicable, and finally the other component, e.g. a balcony extension, executed; the traction elements protruding into the volume of the balcony ceilings are embedded and firmly clamped during setting and hardening thanks to the shrinkage of the mortar.

A preferred embodiment of the sleeve essentially consists of a housing in which there is a device for elastically resilient anchoring of the tension member, a nail plate and a shaft connecting the housing and the nail plate and / or a foot at the rear (inner) end of the housing, so that the sleeve is inserted deep enough in its component. The foot also makes it possible to move the housing to the edge of the component and combine it there with the nail plate. If a second sleeve is provided in the other component, it can be designed in essentially the same way or can be provided with a tubular shaft without a nail plate, which extends from its housing at least to the edge of the component into which it is to be inserted.

In the housing there can be a base which can be displaced in the longitudinal axis direction relative to the sleeve for anchoring the tension member, further after the open end of the sleeve there is a component which absorbs compressive forces elastically and finally an abutment for the elastically absorbing component which is fastened in the housing or formed by this itself. If the pulling element has an external thread at its end to be anchored in the sleeve and the base has a nut with the corresponding internal thread, the pulling element can be anchored in the sleeve by screwing it in. There are also other options for this; e.g. The end of the pulling element can be T-shaped and can be inserted through a corresponding, elongated recess in the base. It is turned by 90 ° for anchoring and can be locked in this position, for which purpose the component that absorbs the compressive forces can be used. This can be a disc spring column, a compression spring or an element made of natural rubber, a synthetic elastomer or some other elastic material provided with a bore for the passage of the tension member.

With regard to the insertion into the relevant component and its properties, the tension member can, if necessary, be corrugated on the outside and / or bent or bent at the end, spread or provided with a laterally projecting end piece. It is simple and advantageous to provide a tension rod as the tension member, the cross section of which is dimensioned with regard to the tension force to be transmitted, i.e. the cross section need not be larger. If this is 500 kg according to the example mentioned, round material of 10 mm diameter made of stainless steel is sufficient for the tension rod, as is customary for support and tension anchors for known reasons. This relatively thin tension rod is correspondingly flexible in the transverse direction, which is quite desirable given its use; It is not his job to absorb lateral forces. When dimensioning the tension rod, attention must of course also be paid to the load-bearing capacity of its anchoring in the sleeve, which in turn should be dimensioned in such a way that it withstands the intended force and does not constitute the weak link in the arrangement.

There is also a sleeve surrounding the tension rod, through which it can be inserted, and which is designed together with the tension rod so that the latter, anchored and tightened in the sleeve, tensions the sleeve against it and its elastically flexible connection to the sleeve Prestressed, the new anchor can transmit much greater lateral forces in addition to the tensile force than without the bush and the tensile bar is relieved of lateral forces. In this form of construction, the new anchor is a combined traction and shear anchor that can not only pull a balcony against the house, but can also support it on the house side. For the latter task is expedient if the bushing is partially inserted into the sleeve and guided there with at least one play in at least one direction, the direction of the transverse force; at the other end, the bushing with the tension rod inserted into it must be inserted in the other component.

While in the above embodiment the tensile force and the transverse force are divided into two different parts, the tension rod and the bushing, in the subsequent embodiment they are taken up by one and the same part, a mandrel, which serves as a pulling element and whose cross section is dimensioned such that in addition to the tensile force, it can also absorb a shear force of the size of the values customary or desirable for quark force mandrels. As a solid rod with a circular cross-section, it is considerably thicker than the previously described tension rod, which is flexible in the transverse direction and is unable to absorb any significant transverse forces. However, a hollow profile is also possible for the mandrel, it saves material in a known manner. With regard to the transverse force, it is also expedient for the mandrel if the sleeve in the part receiving it is dimensioned on the inside in such a way that it is guided in it with little play in at least one direction.

For dimensioning with regard to the transverse force, the section modulus of the mandrel or the previously described bushing must be used; A further material saving is accordingly achieved if the bush or the mandrel has a greater section modulus in the transverse force direction than in the direction perpendicular thereto. A flattened profile, a double-T profile or the like also comes with the mandrel. into consideration, especially if one provides for anchoring in the sleeve other than screwing it in.

When dimensioning an anchor transmitting a shear force, one must also ensure that the specific load capacity of the components in which its parts are to be embedded is not exceeded. The specific load rises steeply in the component towards its edge, and so that it does not break out there, up to now, depending on the building material, a more or less larger cross-section has been provided for the anchor parts to be let in than would be necessary in view of their own stress. This represents an irresponsible waste of precious, rare material, namely stainless steel, and it is important to avoid this by, as suggested here, the outside of the anchor parts (sleeve and sleeve or mandrel) or at least one of them Provides the area of the part to be let into the respective component, subsequently at its outer end and at least over part of its length, with a reinforcement which has a larger surface area than the section of the sleeve or the bushing or the mandrel covered by the reinforcement. If the housing described above is arranged next to the component edge in the case of the sleeve, it already represents a reinforcement in this sense.

The reinforcement first of all increases the area transmitting the transverse force to the component at its edge, where the load is greatest, thereby reducing the maximum specific load occurring at this point. This may seem obvious in itself, but the essential part of this proposal leads to the fact that the specific load in the component is evened out to a much greater extent; it consists in that the reinforcement is designed or consists of a material such that it is elastically more flexible than the sleeve or the bushing or the mandrel and as the material of the component surrounding it. Such an elastically flexible reinforcement can consist of a suitably designed body made of a metallic material, e.g. from a hollow body with enough resilient wall surfaces, or by protruding ribs or the like on it. are provided; but it can also consist of a suitable plastic, such as a two-component casting resin with which the anchor part in question is cast, and to which a filler can be added; this has an influence on the strength as well as on the elasticity.

Another purpose is when the tension rod is covered over a part of its length, at least subsequently, or additionally including its section bridging the gap between the components, by a padding made of foam or another soft elastic material. This is not about the transmission of forces and specific loads, the tension rod does not transmit any force in the transverse direction, rather the deflection of the tension rod in the event of dislocations between the components is distributed over a larger part of its length, i.e. the bending stress is reduced or reduced to a minimum. The foam does not transmit any forces; where it surrounds the tension rod, it only keeps away from the tension rod what would otherwise relentlessly surround it, be it part of the sleeve or directly the component itself. If the foam covering also extends into or over the space between the components, it fulfills another purpose there, in that it offers the advantage that a different tension rod with a differently arranged covering is not required for each space width.

The tension member, be it a tension rod or a mandrel, can have a collar where it enters the sleeve and exits from it, which is arranged in such a way that it is anchored when the tension member is anchored in the sleeve, for example when screwing it in the opening of which is tightened, thereby prestressing the elastic component in the sleeve and sealing the sleeve opening causes. A seal can also be inserted for the latter purpose. The federal government holds the tension member even when it is not guided in the sleeve over a longer section, without special stress in its rest position in the direction of the sleeve axis, which is important for subsequent concreting of the tension member in the other component.

If the tension member is to be anchored in the sleeve, the pretension can also be achieved without the collar by providing a stop for the tension member in the housing behind the nut - this can also be the housing wall at the rear end of the housing - this will Tension member screwed in up to this stop and then tightened a little further, the nut moves with the base a little forward and presses the elastic component, for example the disc spring column, something together.

For better guidance or for absorbing transverse forces, a bearing-like encircling approach can be attached to the sleeve or sleeves where the tension member emerges therefrom, which can also be used to insert a mine seal between it and the tension member.

In the case of very tall buildings, it has previously been considered impossible to have two components belonging together, e.g. a high-rise and a balcony, staircase or lift shaft extension, to be carried out separately on their own foundations - even if this forms a unit with those of the high-rise - because then considerable mutual changes in position, especially height changes, occur on the upper floors, especially when the weather is very cold Winter weather and the resulting different thermal expansions of the two components, one of which is heated and possibly insulated, the other not heated; Nevertheless, it was not possible to achieve a solid and permanent connection between the two components.

The inventor was not satisfied with this opinion and finally found a solution to this particular problem. The starting point was the following consideration: As already indicated here, the new anchor with a soft elastic covering of the tension rod over part of its permissible length, with regard to dislocations between the components, has the advantage that it then forces it to bend over a larger section of it Length distributed; however, these are the minimal displacements and bends that can occur in buildings of normal height. In the extreme case of very tall buildings now considered - think e.g. to a 30-story high-rise office building or to industrial buildings with operationally very large temperature differences in their parts, especially in a severe climate, the changes in position between such separately designed components are much larger, at least on the upper floors, and there it would actually be a tension rod or other tensile element not to be expected in the long run, to be bent to such an extent every time with the constant temperature fluctuations; Material fatigue and fatigue could then occur, while on the other hand components are required to have a much longer service life than e.g. of machine parts. And how are these tensile forces and bending stresses imposed on the tension member? Characterized in that it is clamped substantially firmly in the transverse direction at its two ends in the components changing their mutual placement. The solution to this special problem is consequently that the connection between the sleeve to be inserted in one component or between at least one of the sleeves to be inserted in both components and the tension member anchored therein can be pivoted in at least one direction; at least to such an extent that the new anchor can even follow the mutual changes in position between the two components, which are considerable in this case, without corresponding changes in shape and bending stress occurring in the tension member. It remains essentially free of this.

This solution to the specific problem constitutes an additional part of the invention; it enables the technology to now also carry out two components separately in such cases with a solid and permanent connection, which not least benefits the particularly current energy saving, since a very important measure for this can now be implemented even in very tall buildings.

The design of the new anchor for this special purpose depends in particular on whether the separate, but immediately subsequent extension is supported either on its own or only on the outside on its foundation, but on the house side, bearing on the house, floor by floor. The latter is particularly important for balconies, which then only sink outside when the weather is cold, so they tilt slightly ebwarts, so that the tie rod connection between the house and the balcony must be able to follow it hinge-like, at least to the extent necessary for this.

In the embodiments already described with an elastically flexible anchoring of the tension member in a housing belonging to the sleeve at its component edge, the otherwise only minimal transverse play of the tension member in the laterally adjacent sleeve parts need only be so great that the tension member therein to the required extent is pivotable. Given that in this case only a small swivel angle, for example of the balcony, does not mean that there is a huge game underneath. If the tension member is not pivotable in the sleeve, in which it is resiliently anchored in the pulling direction, it can be pivotally fastened for this purpose in the other component in a further sleeve to be inserted there, for example by inserting a nut there into the tension member is provided, which is not rotatable in the sleeve, but is mounted with so much play that the required swivel range of the tension member screwed into it is created. This latter embodiment can also be easily implemented if the traction element is simultaneously designed as a support element, ie in particular has a sufficient section modulus or if it is combined with a support element. The new Arker then represents a combined tension and support anchor, so that there is no need to provide any special additional support rails.

Another way of designing the new anchor so that it can follow the hinge-like movement between the components without a corresponding change in shape and bending stress of its tension member is that it is in the sleeve to be inserted in one component or in one of the two components sleeves to be let is stored in an elastic lining located therein, which is dimensioned so that it holds the tension member during installation in its starting position, and that it can be pivoted therein to the required extent without considerable force.

If you provide this elastic lining in both sleeves to be inserted in the components, the new anchor is also able to follow the dislocations in height without bending stress of its tension member, as can occur between very high components in their upper parts if the cultivation as a whole is also supported on the foundation. The sleeves embedded in the two components always maintain their axial direction, but they are mainly displaced in the vertical direction when the outside temperature changes. An additional offset in the horizontal direction is only noticeably possible in the practically hardly occurring case where the cultivation is very wide, i.e. has very large dimensions parallel to the house wall in the honortal direction.

Another embodiment of the new anchor serves the same application, which will now be described in conclusion. In this case, en has a sleeve of essentially the same design, which can be inserted into one and another component, each with a housing directly on the respective component edge, in which the tension member is elastically yieldingly fastened in the direction of pull and has play in the laterally adjacent sleeve parts transversely thereto - the elastic resilient fastening on both sides thus doubles the travel in the train direction, which is particularly advantageous in the upper area of very tall buildings; the only difference between the two housings is that one ends in a tubular extension, the length of which is dimensioned such that the pulling element can be immersed more or less deeply therein when screwing in, so that it does not have a different length for each distance between the components must have. The diameter of the extension as well as the previously mentioned transverse play are dimensioned such that the tension member can be pivoted in both sleeves at least to the extent required for this application.

If the traction element in the sleeve or, if there are two, in both of them there is no substantial freedom of movement in the direction to be arranged horizontally during installation and, in the latter case, it is also not pivotable in this direction at least in one sleeve in the horizontal direction new anchors themselves to absorb horizontal shear forces; these are always significantly smaller than the vertical load capacities. Then, even without additional shear force anchors, a wind blowing on the extension along the house wall, even if it is narrow and high, can neither shake nor knock it over parallel to the house wall.

Numerous other embodiments and developments of the subject matter are possible within the scope of the inventive concept, the detailed description of which is however superfluous because they are suggested to the person skilled in the art by the present disclosure of the invention. The inventive merit lies above all in the technically and economically fully satisfactory solution to a technical problem that has been around for years.

• Fig.1 bis 7: Sieben verschiedene Ausbildungsformen des neuen Ankers im Schnitt;
• Fig.8a und 8b: Zwei davon in perspektivischer Ansicht;
• Fig.9 bis 11: Einbauverhältnisse.

In the accompanying drawings, some embodiments of the new anchor are shown, namely in

• Fig.1 to 7: Seven different training forms of the new anchor on average;
• 8a and 8b: two of them in a perspective view;
• Fig. 9 to 11: Installation conditions.

In addition to Fig.1, valid for all figures on this sheet and correspondingly on the following sheets, A and B indicate the edges of the two components which are to be connected by the new anchor; A component 1 is to be embedded in component A, and a tension member 2 in component B.

In FIG. 1, the sleeve 1 has a nail plate 16 at the edge of the component A, a housing 11 at the other end and a tubular shaft 17a in between. In the housing 11, a base 12 can be seen, connected to a nut 13 for screwing in a tension rod 21 as a tension member, which is let into the component B at its other end and is bent there for better anchoring. A divider spring column 14 is located between the base 12 and an abutment 15, which in this case is also one of the housing walls is. If you screw the Zugstsb 21 up to its stop on the opposite housing wall and then tighten it a little, the plate spring column 14 receives a preload. It is further compressed when a tensile force occurs between components A and B; the tension rod 21 then migrates out of the sleeve 1 until, with increasing tensile force, the fully compressed disc spring column 14 offers a stop and thus limits the migration path. Of course, the base 12 must be prevented from rotating when the tie rod 21 is screwed into the nut 13; this can be ensured in various known or obvious ways, for example by giving the housing 11 a square cross section, as in the examples shown, and making the base 12 square, as it fits, on the outside. The plate spring column 14 is guided through the outside of the housing 11, which is cut in a diagonal plane in FIG. 1 as well as in the following figures, so that a distance between the plate spring column 14 and the housing 11 becomes visible in the sectional plane running through two opposite housing edges .

The embodiment according to FIG. 2 differs from this mainly in another arrangement of the same housing 11 of the sleeve 1, namely directly at the edge of the component A and combined there with the nail plate 16. The parts in the housing 11 are also the same previously in FIG. 1 . So that the sleeve 1 is anchored deep enough in component A, it then has a foot 18a on the housing 11, which essentially resembles the end of a tension rod 22 to be inserted in component B, which here is correspondingly shorter than the tension rod 21 of FIG. 1 is because it does not extend so far into the sleeve 1. Compared to FIG. 1, the shaft 17a there is saved.

In FIG. 2, part of the tension rod 22 is encased with a foam padding 55, so that the tension rod 22 bends due to a small displacement between components A and B, or because component B, as a balcony floor, assumes a slight inclination affects a larger part of the tension rod length, ie the bending stress is reduced, compared to "hard" insertion of the tension rod 22 from the component edge B. If, as shown, the padding 55 protrudes a bit into the space between the components A and B, it is not necessary to provide a different tension rod with a differently arranged padding 55 for each space width, but this should in any case extend to the component edge B.

The sleeve 1 does not exert any bending stress on the tension rod 22 in the event of displacements or inclinations between the components A and B, because it can be pivoted sufficiently in the housing 11 in FIG. So that it still maintains its position in the direction of the sleeve longitudinal axis when it is let into component B, it can be screwed in with some pretension; This is achieved even better if it is provided with a collar 6 where it emerges from the sleeve, which lies firmly against the sleeve opening when the tension rod 22 is screwed in and also seals it during the subsequent installation work. The collar 6, however, does not hinder a pivoting of the tension rod 22 in the housing 11 if this is forced by a displacement or inclination between the components A and B, especially since the collar 6 always lifts the tensile force from the housing 11 or from the nail plate 16 occurs.

In FIG. 3, the same housing 11 as in FIG. 1 with the same parts 12 to 14 is arranged at the same location on the sleeve 1 as there, as is the nail plate 16; a differently shaped shaft 17b extends between them. A pull rod 23 is anchored in the housing 11 as in FIG. 1, but here it is surrounded by a bush 31, which is closed at the end in component B by a washer 71. After screwing the tension rod 23 into the nut 13, sliding the bush 31 and tightening a nut 73 provided in front of the washer 71, the tension rod 23 tightens the bush 31 and the tension rod 23 is anchored in the sleeve 1 with a prestress. In this embodiment of the new anchor, tensile forces between the components A and B are absorbed solely by the tension rod 23, and transverse forces only by the sleeve 31 dimensioned for this.

As Figure 3a shows as section S-S of Figure 3, the sleeve 31 can be given a greater section modulus in the direction in which the transverse force acts than in the direction perpendicular thereto, in the example shown in the form of a tube of rectangular cross-section. Then it makes sense to do this also with the shaft 17b and to choose a square tube with a rectangular cross-section in which the bushing 31 is guided with at least a slight play in the transverse force direction.

Following the respective component edge, a reinforcement 61 is applied to the shaft 17 b, a reinforcement 62 is applied to the bush 31, preferably consisting of a material that is elastically more flexible than the anchor parts enveloped by it and as the surrounding material of the components, as a result of which the in this occurring surface pressure due to the transverse force to a significant extent, in particular the otherwise occurring load peak at the component edge is reduced. The reinforcement 52, similar to the padding 55 in FIG. 2, can also be extended beyond the component edge B, for example at least where far that its end is at a distance equal to the smallest occurring gap width between the components A and B from the component edge A. ; then you do not need different bushings 31 with differently arranged reinforcement 52 for different such gap widths ready.

FIG. 4 shows a modification of the object from FIG. 3, in which the same sleeve 1 as in FIG. 2 is used, which here only has a tubular, in the space between the components A and B at most as far as the smallest occurring Gap width is 19, extending approach 19a, the task of which is to transmit the transverse force absorbed by a sleeve 32 to the sleeve 1. Compared to the object of Figure 3, the sleeve 32 is correspondingly shorter, as is a tension rod 24 which is guided through the sleeve 32 and is also braced with this relative to the sleeve 1 as in Figure 3; the reinforcement 52 is also the same as there, and there was no need for reinforcement on the sleeve 1 because there is the housing 11 at the relevant point, which already has a larger cross section than the rest of the sleeve 1. If the material of component A had a low compressive strength, one would advantageously also surround sleeve 1 of FIG. 4 with a well elastic reinforcement, which in particular would also have to make the cross-sectional transition from housing 11 to foot 18a less erratic. Even in the case of the object of FIG. 4, the bush 32 could receive a greater section modulus in the transverse force direction than in the direction perpendicular to this.

5, the sleeve 1 is essentially the same as in FIG. 1, apart from a larger clear width in the shaft 17c, because instead of the tension rod here it now has to receive a mandrel 41 which, in addition to the tensile force between the components A and B, also absorbs the shear force so that the new anchor can also serve as a support anchor. A pin 72 guided through at the other end serves to screw in the mandrel 41 and to anchor it more firmly in the component B into which it is to be inserted. This also serves the truncated cone shape of reinforcements 53, 54, about which the same should be said as before about reinforcements 51, 52.

In FIG. 6, the housing 11 is arranged on the component edge A, so that a mandrel made of solid material which is introduced there and projects into a tubular foot 18b for the purpose of transmitting the transverse force and guidance is deposited from the thread to at most a core diameter of the thread, e.g. would have to be turned, which would be very expensive, also in terms of material consumption. This can be avoided by assembling the mandrel from two parts, namely from a foot part 42 of smaller size and from a pushed-on pipe part 43 of larger diameter, so that one can cut the thread on the pushed-on end of the latter into the nut 13 . At the same time, this results in a significant saving in material, especially if the base part 42 is also made hollow from a tube. As FIG. 6 shows, the two nested parts 42 and 43 overlap one another precisely where the load due to the transverse force is greatest, where the common section modulus applies, and outside the overlap zone towards the ends, the section modulus of the individual section 42 or 43 be significantly smaller. You can fasten these two parts of the mandrel, which serves here as a pulling element, into one another by gluing, which is easier than shrinking on and does not have the disadvantages of a welded joint with which the thread attachment is spoiled and, as is well known, the structure of the material would also be impaired. Adhesives that stick by far enough and are perfectly aging and weather-resistant are commercially available.

6 is that the sleeve from FIG. 4 is used and the foot part 42 is either omitted from the mandrel or, to keep it shorter, only for reinforcement as far as shown in FIG. 6, fully inserted.

7 shows a tension rod 25, which is inserted and anchored at both ends in a sleeve 1 and 1 ', one of which is to be let in component A, the other in component B. The sleeve 1 is similar to that of FIG. 1, and the sleeve 1 'differs from this in that the nail plate 16 is omitted and in that it has a longer tubular shaft 19b which is long enough to extend at least to the edge of the component B, but also can extend into the space between the components A and 5, so that one does not have to provide a different tube shank length for each other space width. In the example shown, the component card there can vary between B and B ', with the component edge A not intended to be crazy. The embodiment according to FIG. 7 with two sleeves causes flexibility in the direction of pull by twice the amount, without having to use another sleeve differently sized housing 11 and elastically resilient component 14 would have to produce, and comes into consideration for the upper part of an extension, which extends over a relatively large number of floors.

A variant, not shown, of the above object uses the one shown in FIG. 2 instead of the sleeve 1 shown in FIG. 7; the tension rod 25 is then only correspondingly shorter.

Figures 8a and 8b illustrate the new anchor according to Figure 1 and Figure 5 in a perspective view. The cube shape of the housing 11 and its position can be seen in particular.

9 and 10 show two structurally different arrangements of an extension B on a house A in the G-outline, which also have different requirements with regard to the anchoring put. In FIG. 9, 93 can be a balcony or one of more or less numerous balconies arranged one above the other, which is supported on the foundation only on the outside by means of supports 98, for example made of steel, and is connected to them by a known support anchor 82 with a ceiling 91 in the house, which only transmit lateral forces, i.e. carry the balcony ceiling on the house side and secure the balcony parallel to the house guard; Such anchors usually consist of a sleeve in one and a mandrel in the other component, from which it protrudes and protrudes into the sleeve, movable longitudinally in the latter. Deviating from the usual, the support anchors 82 are drawn in FIG. 9 with the reinforcements proposed here and drawn in FIGS. 3 to 6, because the reinforcements are also advantageous for this. So that the balcony extension cannot tip away from the house, additional tie rods 81 are inserted in the form of the new anchor, for example according to Fig. 1. Instead of the support anchors 82 and the new tie rods 81, one of those embodiments of the new anchor which could also transmit a transverse force in addition to the tensile force, and as shown in FIGS. 3 to 6, could also be used.

In Fig. 10, on the other hand, the attachment is e.g. from balconies 93 on bilateral support structures 99 fully supported on the foundation, so that it is sufficient to connect it with tie rods in the form of the new anchor approximately according to Fig.1 with the ceiling 91 in the house. In the case of very high and at the same time narrow extensions, it is recommended, however, that at least in the upper part, some arches are additionally installed to absorb a horizontal transverse force in order to secure the extension in the direction parallel to the house wall against gusts of wind; those anchors are particularly well suited for this purpose, in which the mandrel in the sleeve has play transverse to the direction of support. The arrangement according to Fig. 9 is practically more important.

Therefore, the latter is shown again in FIG. 11 in the form of a vertical section. Component A is again to be understood as a house, of which a ceiling 91 separating two floors and an outer wall 92 are indicated; component B in turn means a balcony, with a base plate 93 on which there is a terrace covering 94 with subsequent cement joint 94 '. On the outside of the balcony part, which is no longer shown, the support 98 on the foundation is to be thought of, which can be found in FIG. Here is the bond between the ceiling 91 in the house and the floor plate 93 of the balcony with the new anchor in its embodiment shown in Figure 5, which acts both load-bearing by absorbing the transverse force and binding by absorbing tensile forces, the latter limited elasticity compliant. It can be seen in FIG. 11 that the distance between the ceiling 91 and the balcony slab 93 is considerable; depending on the thickness of the heat insulation 95 applied to the outside of the house, which is covered by a base coat 96 and a top coat 97, it tends to vary between 5 and 15 cm, with the larger values being preferred more and more because a thicker layer of insulation is only insignificant higher cost is significantly more effective than a thin one. Even if the distances between the two components were to be significantly larger in the future, their connection with the new anchor would not pose any new problems.

The following figures show exemplary embodiments of the new anchor for connecting components which are very high, so that considerable differences in height occur between their upper parts at extreme temperatures. First, in FIGS. 12-14, it is assumed that the extension 8 is supported separately only on the outside on its own foundation, but on the other hand is supported on floors A on house A, so that ceilings in the extension, e.g. B. balcony ceilings, only sink a little outside in cold weather and perform a tilting movement around their connection to the house; these conditions correspond to those shown in Fig.9.

The new anchor in the form shown in Fig. 12 can serve this. It is largely correct with the embodiment according to FIG. 2, but the play of the base 12 in the housing 11 and the pulling element 2, here in the form of the pull rod 22, in the opening of the nail plate 16 and in a shoulder 19c on it is so great dimensioned that the tension member 2 can be pivoted to the extent required and can therefore follow the tilting movements of the ceiling in question in the cultivation without changes in shape and corresponding bending stresses. The approach 19 c additionally provided in relation to FIG. 2 surrounds a collar 61 which is of a correspondingly wider design, so that the new anchor can thereby absorb transverse forces to a limited extent in addition to the tensile force. You can, as shown in Fig.12, use this training to insert a seal 81, for more secure sealing against water, cement milk and the like. during installation and also later, provided that such influences can still be expected.

For the same application, the new anchor is also suitable in the form shown in FIG. 13, largely coinciding with that of FIG. 4, and also with the aforementioned larger play to achieve the pivotability of the pulling element 2 required here at least by a small angle on both sides of the middle layer. In FIG. 13 too, the tension rod 24 is in turn surrounded by the sleeve 32, so that the anchor is a combined tension and support anchor. In a departure from FIG. 4, another foot 18 c is drawn in FIG. 13, consisting of flat iron or a sheet metal strip and e.g. Welded in front of and behind the cutting plane on the housing 11: the sleeve 1 is expediently installed in such a way that the flat iron or sheet metal of the base 18 c is upright.

Fig. 14 shows a third example suitable for this application. Here it is Tension member 2 similar to that in Figure 3 not pivotally mounted in the sleeve 1. the swiveling required here instead exists between the tension member and the other sleeve 1 ', in that this, connected to its component edge B with a flange or a nail plate 16', contains a housing 11 'in which a nut 63 is not rotatable, but with the game required for the pivotability. A washer 64 is inserted in front of the nut 53. The section modulus of a tension rod 26 is reinforced in the part bridging the gap between the components A and B by a bush 44 fastened thereon, which is mounted at its ends in the shoulder 19 d and in a sleeve 19 e, in the former with the one necessary for the pivotability Game, so that the tension member can absorb additional lateral forces. Therefore, in this example, reinforcements 56, 57 of the type already described above can be provided after the respective component edge and to relieve it. Installation takes place as follows: after the sleeve 1 has been embedded, the tension rod 26 is screwed into it until a prestress of the spring 14 is achieved by abutment of the sleeve 44 on a shaft 17 d, and the sleeve 1 'is then screwed with its nut 63 therein on the tension rod 26 up to the stop of the flange 16 'belonging to the sleeve 1' on the casing or other limitation on the component A which has already been erected for component B.

The following exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 15 is also suitable for the application according to FIG. 10, but here, in the case of very high components and therefore considerable height differences in their upper region at extreme temperatures, the sleeves 1, 1 'while maintaining them Axis direction can be moved against each other again and again. Here, a tension rod 27 is now provided which, thanks to play in both sleeves 1, 1 ', can be swiveled to the required extent in the transverse direction and is therefore not subjected to any bending when the sleeves are moved in this way. A tubular extension 11 a on the housing 11 of the sleeve 1 'is dimensioned so that the pull rod 27 can be screwed in more or less deeply to adapt to different distances between the components A and B, and that the pivoting movement of the pull rod end is not hindered therein is. Collars 62 are designed to be screwed to achieve pretensioning of the springs 14 and for sealing on the tension rod 27; you can e.g. secure with a lock nut or with adhesive applied to the thread.

Such a tie rod cannot transmit a shear force in any direction, so it needs to be supplemented with a tie rod. Such a, suitable for applications with swivels or displacements of the components is shown in FIG. 16, where a mandrel 91 with a reinforcement 58 in component B, a sleeve 92 in component A provided with a soft-elastic lining 82 and a reinforcement 59 and a nail plate 16 a is to be let in. The section T-T is shown in Fig.16a; the longer side of the sleeve cross-section and thus the direction of movement of the mandrel in the sleeve must of course be installed vertically, while its horizontal position in the drawing (Fig.16a) is only due to the arrangement of the cuts. Transversely to this, this support anchor has no significant freedom of movement, so that it defines the attachment to wind forces, which, by the way, only does not do the design example of the new anchor shown in Fig. 15 by itself. The liner 82 holds the mandrel 91 in its initial position during installation, but yields slightly when loaded to a minimal residual volume, e.g. consists of foam.

This also applies to the elastic linings 83 and 84 in FIG. 17, which allow a pull rod 28 to be pivoted in both sleeves, namely in a shaft 17 d and in a sleeve 33. A tension rod 2B is only pushed into the latter until a pin 76 stops, which pin also serves to anchor it in component B. In a variant not shown, the pull rod 28 can be kept shorter, so that its eye is in the sleeve 33 and the pin 75 is pushed through a hole through it, the position of which can be adapted to the respective installation dimensions. 17a shows the section U-U; Such here, of course, the longer rectangular side of the sleeve cross section must be installed vertically.

On the basis of the foregoing, it is obvious that, and like the rest of the exemplary embodiments of the new anchor shown in FIGS. 1 to 7, for applications between very high components in the upper region thereof, and further ones can be designed for them.

Claims (25)

1. Anchoring device, subjectable to tensile stress, suited for linking two structural members, for example balconies or other construction units to a house,
characterized by the following features:

a) the anchor consists at least of one sleeve (1) to be inserted in a previously prepared structural member (A), and a protruding tension element (2);

b) the tension element (2) is designed in such a way that it can be introduced into the sleeve (I) and anchored therein; or that it can be introduced in a subsequently prepared structural element (B) either directly or by anchoring it in a second sleeve (1') or by combining it with a bushing (31, 32);

c) the connection between the sleeve (1) or a least one of the sleeves (1, 1') and a tension element (2) inserted therein is laid out in such a way that it yields elastically when a tensile force is applied by the structural members, causing the tension element to partially pull out of the sleeve or sleeves so that the tensile force is reduced to a suitable amount.

2. Characteristic for the anchor according to claim 1 is that the sleeve (1, 1') features a casing (11) equipped with a base (12), shiftable in the longitudinal direction relative to the sleeve, for anchoring the tension element (2), and features toward the end of the sleeve an element (14) that flexibly absorbs the pressure, and that it is also equipped with a support (15) for the latter that is fixed in the casing or which is formed by the casing itself.

3. Characteristic for the anchor according to claim 2 is that the tension element (2) is externally threaded at the end to be anchored in the sleeves (1, 1'), and that the base (12) is equipped with a nut (13) with corresponding internal thread, so that the tension element can be anchored in the sleeve by screwing it in.

4. Characteristic for the anchor according to claim 2 is that the element (14), which flexibly absorbs the pressure, is made of a disc spring column, a compression spring, or an element of natural rubber featuring a bore for inserting the tension element (2), or a synthetic elastomer, or any other elastic material.

5. Characteristic for the anchor according to claim 2 is that the end of the sleeve (1) to be arranged at the edge of the structural member (A) is,equipped with a nailing plate (16), that the casing (11) is located at the opposite end, and that the casing (11) is connected to the nailing plate (16) by a tubular shaft (17 a-c).

6. Characteristic for the anchor according to claim 2 is that the sleeve (1) features a casing (11) at its end to be erranged at the edge of the structural member (A), and a tubular or rod- shaped stem (18 a, b) that extends to the opposite end and which is fixed to the jacket (11), and a further characteristic is that the casing (11) is combined with a nailing plate (16).

7. Characteristic for the anchor according to claim 2, 5 or 6 is that the second sleeve (1') to be inserted in the structural member (B) is essentially similar to the sleeve (1) to be first inserted in the structural member (A) or that it is equipped with a tubular shaft (19b) without nailing plate extending from its casing (11) at least to the edge of the structural member (B) and which envelops the inserted tension element (2).

8. Characteristic for the anchor according to claims 1 through 4 is that a tension rod (21-25) is used, the cross-section of which is dimensioned according to the tensile force to be transferred and the load bearing capacity of its anchoring in the sleeve (1, 1,).

9. Characteristic for the anchor according to claims 1 through 4 is that the part of the tension element (2) to be inserted into the structural member (B) is grooved on the outside and/or is bent or split or features a laterally protruding end piece (71, 72).

10. Characteristic for the anchor according to claim 8 is that the tension rod (23, 24), to be partially inserted in the structural member (b), can be pushed through the bushing (31, 32) which is partially inserted into the sleeve (1) and which envelops the bushing (31, 32) so that the bushing is guided in the sleeve (1) with minimal play in at least one direction, and also characteristic is that the bushing (31, 32), the sleeve (1), and the tension rod (23, 24) are designed and arranged in such a way that the latter is anchored in sleeve (1) and tensioned, but that the bushing (31, 32) blocks against the sleeve, and that the flexible connection with the sleeve is pretensioned so that with the aid of the bushing the anchor is able to transfer in addition to the tensile force a much greater transversal force that would be possible without tension rod, causing the tension rod to be relieved from the transversal forces.

11. Characteristic for the anchor according to claims 1 through 4 is that a drift (41-43) is used as a tension element, the cross-section of which is dimensioned in such a way that it can absorb not only the tensile force but also a transversal force of a magnitude usual or desired for transversal force drifts, and that the sleeve (1) is internally dimensioned in such a way that the drift (41-43) is guided in the latter with minimal play in at least one direction.

12. Characteristic for the anchor according to claim 10 or 11 is that the bushing (31) or the drift has a greater moment of resistance in the direction of the transversal force than in the perpendicular direction thereto.

13. Characteristic for the anchor according to claim 10 or 11 is that the sleeve (1) and/or the bushing (31, 32) or the drift (41, 45) features an external reinforcement (51-54) within the portion to be inserted in the corresponding structural member (A or B) adjacent to its external end and over at least part of its length, and that this reinforcement has a greater surface than that section of the sleeve, or the socket, or the drift respectively that is covered by the reinforcement.

14. Characteristic for the claim according to 13 is that the reinforcement (51-54) is designed in such a way or is made of such a material that it is more resilient that the sleeve (1) or the bushing (31, 32) or the drift (41, 43), and the material of the components surrounding the reinforcement.

15. Characteristic for the anchor according to claim 8 is that part of the tension rod (21, 22) length, adjacent to the section bridging its gap between the structural members (A, B) or also including the latter, is enveloped by ppadding (55) made of foam or other soft elastic material.

16. Characteristic for the anchor according to claim 8 or 11 is that the tension element (2) where it is introduced in the sleeve (1, 1') or where it emerges from the latter, features a collar (6) arranged in such a way that it is tightened above the sleeve opening when the tension element is anchored in the sleeve.

17. Characteristic for the anchor according to claim 8 or 11 or 16 is a bearing like shoulder (19 a-d), fixed to one or both sleeves (1, 1') where the tension element (2) emerges from the latter.

18. Characteristic for the anchor according to claim 17 is a gasket (81) inserted between the tension element (2) and the shoulder (19c).

19. Characteristic for the anchor according to claim 1 is the connection between the sleeve (1) or at least one of the sleeves (1, 1'), and the tension element (2) is designed in such a way that the latter can be swiveled relative to the sleeve or sleeves in one direction to at least such an extent that the anchor can follow mutual position changes between the two structural members such as can be expected from different thermal expansions, without causing any deformations or bending stress in the tension element.

20. Characteristic for the anchor according to claims 2, 6, and 19 or 2, 6, 17, and 19 is that the play between the base 12) of the casing (11) as well as the tension element (2) in the opening of the nailing plate (16) and possibly in the shoulder (19, a, c, d) is to be dimensioned in such a way that the tension element (2) can be swivelled therein to the required degree.

21. Characteristic for the anchor according to claim 5 or 6, and 19 is that the tension element (2) can be swivelled only within the sleeve (1') to be inserted into the other structural member (B), without being resiliently fixed in the tensional direction, by providing a nut (63) in the sleeve (1') for screwing in the tension element (2), whereby this nut in one casing (11') of the sleeve (1,) cannot be turned but is supported with sufficient play that the required swivelling range of the screwed in tension element is attained.

22. Characteristic for the anchor according to claim 20 or 21 is that the tension element (2) with the bushing (32,44) simultaneously functions as a support element or is combined with such.

23. Characteristic for the anchor according to claim 19 is that the tension element (2) in the sleeve (1) or at least one of the two sleeves (1, 1') is supported in a resilient sleeve liner (82-84) which is dimensioned in such a way that upon installation it retains the tension element (2) its initial position and that it can be swivelled therein to the required degree.

24. Characteristic for the anchor according to claim 20 is that the additional sleeve (1') to be inserted into the other structural member (B) is of the same type, that the arrangement of its casing (11) with respect to the edge of its structural member and the longitudinally flexible mounting of the tension element (2) are identical, and that its casing (11) tapers off into a tubular continuation (11 a), the length and diameter of which are dimensioned in such a way that the tension element (2) with its respective end can plunge in and can be screwed into it to a varying depth, and that it can swivel therein as well as in the other sleeve (1) components transversely to the tensional direction to the required degree because of the corresponding play.

25. Characteristic for the anchor according to claim 19 is that the tension element (2) in the sleeve (1), or in both sleeves (1, 1') if two are configured, has no significant freedom of movement in both sleeves (1, 1') in the horizontal mounting direction and that in the latter case it cannot be swivelled in this direction, in at least one of the sleeves (1, 1 ').

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