EP3727989A1 - Bogie frame for rail vehicles made from an aluminum casting - Google Patents

Bogie frame for rail vehicles made from an aluminum casting

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Publication number
EP3727989A1
EP3727989A1 EP18829297.3A EP18829297A EP3727989A1 EP 3727989 A1 EP3727989 A1 EP 3727989A1 EP 18829297 A EP18829297 A EP 18829297A EP 3727989 A1 EP3727989 A1 EP 3727989A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bogie frame
casting
ribs
members
bogie
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP18829297.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3727989B1 (en
Inventor
Lothar Thoni
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
THONI, LOTHAR
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to PL18829297T priority Critical patent/PL3727989T3/en
Publication of EP3727989A1 publication Critical patent/EP3727989A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3727989B1 publication Critical patent/EP3727989B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/50—Other details
    • B61F5/52—Bogie frames
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D25/00—Special casting characterised by the nature of the product
    • B22D25/02—Special casting characterised by the nature of the product by its peculiarity of shape; of works of art

Definitions

  • Bogie frame for rail vehicles made from an aluminum casting
  • the present invention relates to a bogie frame for rail vehicles with at least two wheelsets according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the drive of a rail vehicle consists of a bogie, are stored in the wheelsets in a rotatable relative to the car body frame.
  • Bogies are built in different types and designs. A very old bogie is that
  • the chassis of a bogie must be able to accommodate high loads and consists of at least one cross member, on which rests the pivot pin of the body of the car. At the ends of the cross member two mutually parallel longitudinal members are attached. The longitudinal members are connected by means of a suspension with the four wheels of the bogie in combination.
  • Suspensions consist of different spring groups, which are mounted coaxially.
  • Spring systems usually consist of a secondary suspension and a
  • the bogie frame On a bogie frame all other parts such as wheelsets, suspension and damper are attached. In most cases, the bogie frame consists of a welded
  • the bogie further includes a pivot, also called a pivot, which connects the bogie to the car body and usually also the longitudinal forces between the car body and Bogie transfers.
  • the bogie moves about the vertical axis formed by the pivot.
  • bogie frame are extremely heavy, have a high residual stress and, if made of steel, subject to corrosion.
  • Welded constructions made of steel sheets and steel tubes are extremely expensive to produce and therefore costly.
  • Welded bogie frames also have welds that are exposed to stress and can break under heavy load. Such welds on steel structures are particularly susceptible to mechanical stresses in highly stressed components, such as a bogie frame, which ultimately reduce the mechanical strength of the components.
  • the previously known bogie frame also cause loud driving noise, which can only be reduced by elaborate damping measures.
  • a bogie frame for rail vehicles with at least two wheelsets, which is reduced in weight compared to a steel structure and in which the driving noise is significantly reduced.
  • the weight is about 40% over one
  • the bogie frame according to the invention for rail vehicles with at least two sets of wheels consists of two over the axle bearings parallel to each other longitudinal members which are interconnected with one or more cross members.
  • the bogie frame is completely made as a casting of an aluminum alloy, preferably in the sand casting method. In this method, cavities or hollow profiles can be produced, which are stabilized by ribbing.
  • the bogie frame according to the invention is manufactured in the aluminum sand casting method.
  • the mold is preferably produced by means of a pattern device in the hand molding process or else in the core block molding process. It is a "lost shape" because the mold and cores of chemical or clay-bound sand have to be destroyed after casting.
  • Typical functional elements in bogies of rail vehicles are elements for the safe running of the rail vehicle on the track body. Like the bogie frame, these include primary and secondary suspension, dampers, brake systems, wheel sets, and depending on the version, engines and transmissions.
  • the invention relates to a bogie frame as a single, whole casting of one
  • the bogie frame is present as a single casting to replace the previously known steel structures in bogies for rail vehicles. Elaborate welding and stress-prone welds are thereby avoided.
  • Aluminum alloy also reduces the cost by about 30 to 50%. This is a significant advantage over known bogie frames made of steel.
  • the test interval in continuous operation for testing the component for stress cracks can be adapted and increased in accordance with the calculation results, the continuous oscillation test and the current examination results.
  • Bogie frames are optimally matched to the mechanical loads and the requirements of continuous operation.
  • the cavities of the bogie frame are made with sand-cores of chemically bonded sands stored in the mold. Due to the heat treatment in T6, which takes place in the manufacturing process, the casting is virtually stress-free. Residual stresses can be neglected by the heat treatment in the manufacturing process. Due to the construction and the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy, a weight reduction of about 40% can be achieved.
  • the cavities of the two longitudinal members and / or the cross member may preferably as
  • Air reserve containers are used for the functional elements of the rail vehicle. This has a significant advantage over the air reserve containers in known bogie frames, such as those shown in Figs. for the trusses or sheet steel specially welded for this purpose air tank. Through the cavities of the bogie frame air reservoir can be created, which can take over this function completely. This can be costly
  • ribs are also provided on the underside at risk areas for preventing rockfall. These areas must be protected against falling rocks because they are found on the underside of the bogie frame and each in front of
  • the ribs are at least 20 mm apart and at least 5 mm thick.
  • Gumming is introduced, preferably by spraying an at least 5 mm thick layer.
  • the rubber coating can be bolted under the trains
  • bogie frame according to the invention represents.
  • the aluminum alloy according to the invention allows a casting with high mechanical properties and is corrosion resistant. Preferably comes for that
  • the casting according to the invention AC-AISi7MgO, 3ST6 used.
  • the casting itself is homogeneous and stress-tolerant.
  • the casting is provided with an elastic surface protection for protection against corrosion-causing influences.
  • the loads and forces of the primary springs over the wheelsets are preferably introduced by hat-shaped inserts made of corrosion-resistant steel over a large area and wide in the bogie frame.
  • the projection of the insert transmits the loads circumferentially over the entire diameter and the entire surface.
  • the aluminum casting according to the invention noise and driving noise are significantly reduced.
  • the choice of ribbing inside the cavities allows efficient combination of function and stability.
  • the ribs are designed in different shape and thickness according to the calculated tension pattern.
  • the invention further relates to a method for producing a bogie frame for
  • Rail vehicles with at least two sets of wheels, two longitudinal beams running parallel to one another over the axle bearings and the cross members connecting the longitudinal members and as
  • Air reserve container are executed.
  • Side member and cross member may be configured to receive functional elements. According to the invention it is provided that the
  • the bogie frame is completely manufactured as an aluminum alloy casting in sand casting with several ribbed stabilized cavities.
  • the bogie frame is completely manufactured as an aluminum alloy casting in sand casting with several ribbed stabilized cavities.
  • the bogie frame is completely manufactured as an aluminum alloy casting in sand casting with several ribbed stabilized cavities.
  • cavities with sand cores stored in the mold made from chemically bonded sands.
  • the casting is constructed homogeneously and stress-free and is preferably provided with an elastic surface protection.
  • the surface protection without thermal stress of the component and the very low proportion of residual stresses guarantee optimal behavior of the component in the state of operating loads.
  • the steel inserts made of corrosion-resistant steel are embedded in the cast profile of the longitudinal members during the production of the bogie frame.
  • the invention further relates to a rail vehicle, which is manufactured with a bogie frame according to the invention as a casting of an aluminum alloy in sand casting with a cavity profile.
  • a bogie frame 1 according to the invention is shown as a one-piece component in cast aluminum. To recognize is the invention
  • Bogie frame 1 with two mutually parallel longitudinal beams 3.
  • the two side members 3 are interconnected by two interconnected cross members 2.
  • the two cross members 2 are in turn connected to each other via two central longitudinal bridges 4, which comprise a receiving area 5 for functional elements.
  • each two opposing lugs 7 are formed as side stops.
  • the complete component is fitted with fasteners for functional elements and interfaces
  • Stress-flow-oriented design allows loads and forces to be directed into the interior of the aluminum component in a controlled manner.
  • Figs. 2 to 4 the cavity profile of the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 is shown.
  • the interior of the casting is hollow and consists of one or more cavities 10, which are separated by ribs 9 from each other. These consist of longitudinal ribs and transverse ribs in different design at the places that are particularly stressed.
  • the ribs 9 stabilize the casting, distribute the stresses and take over the supporting function.
  • Fig. 2 is a side view is shown. It can be seen that the two side members 3 are connected to two cross members 2, to the two opposite lugs 7 as
  • FIG. 3 the representation of a plan view of a centrally cut component is shown. It can be seen a receiving area 5 for functional elements and the longitudinal bridge 4. Die
  • Steel bushes 6 are inserted for load introduction from the primary springs in the component (longitudinal member 3). These have a hat shape and use all the surfaces lying in the component, the load compatible and smoothly initiate into the component.
  • the inventive construction of cast aluminum is characterized by a significant cost reduction while reducing weight.
  • the driving noise is significantly reduced.
  • Elaborate welding work on steel components such as trusses Iron materials and air containers made of steel sheet can be omitted. This represents significant advantages over known bogie frame.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a bogie frame (1) for rail vehicles having at least two wheelsets, the bogie frame comprising two longitudinal members (3), which extend parallel to each other over axle bearings, one or more cross-members (2) connected to the longitudinal members (3), and a holding region (5) for functional elements, the bogie frame (1) being produced completely as a casting of an aluminum alloy in a sand casting process, said casting having a hollow profile, which has cavities (10) in the interior and is stabilized by means of ribs (8, 9). The invention further relates to a method for producing a bogie frame of this type and to a rail vehicle equipped with a bogie frame of this type.

Description

Drehgestellrahmen für Schienenfahrzeuge aus einem Aluminiumgussteil  Bogie frame for rail vehicles made from an aluminum casting
Beschreibung: Description:
Technisches Gebiet: Technical area:
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Drehgestellrahmen für Schienenfahrzeuge mit mindestens zwei Radsätzen gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. The present invention relates to a bogie frame for rail vehicles with at least two wheelsets according to the preamble of claim 1.
Stand der Technik: State of the art:
Das Laufwerk eines Schienenfahrzeuges besteht aus einem Drehgestell, bei dem Radsätze in einem gegenüber dem Wagenkasten drehbaren Rahmen gelagert sind. Drehgestelle werden in verschiedenen Bauarten und Ausführungen gebaut. Ein sehr altes Drehgestell ist das The drive of a rail vehicle consists of a bogie, are stored in the wheelsets in a rotatable relative to the car body frame. Bogies are built in different types and designs. A very old bogie is that
Schwanenhals-Drehgestell oder Drehgestelle von Görlitz und Minden-Deutz. Das Chassis eines Drehgestells muss hohe Traglasten aufnehmen können und besteht aus wenigstens einem Querträger, auf dem das Zapfendrehgelenk der Karosserie des Waggons ruht. An den Enden des Querträgers sind zwei parallel zueinander angeordnete Längsträger befestigt. Die Längsträger stehen mittels einer Aufhängung mit den vier Rädern des Drehgestells in Verbindung. Die Gooseneck bogies or bogies from Görlitz and Minden-Deutz. The chassis of a bogie must be able to accommodate high loads and consists of at least one cross member, on which rests the pivot pin of the body of the car. At the ends of the cross member two mutually parallel longitudinal members are attached. The longitudinal members are connected by means of a suspension with the four wheels of the bogie in combination. The
Aufhängungen bestehen aus unterschiedlichen Federgruppen, die koaxial montiert sind. Heute bestehen solche Federsysteme in der Regel aus einer Sekundärfederung und einer Suspensions consist of different spring groups, which are mounted coaxially. Today, such spring systems usually consist of a secondary suspension and a
Primärfederung. Solche Drehgestelle sind beispielsweise in der EP 1 150 872 B1 , EP 1 637 425 A2, US 4,258,629 A, DE 198 19 412 C1 oder EP 2 165 913 B1 beschrieben. Primary suspension. Such bogies are described, for example, in EP 1 150 872 B1, EP 1 637 425 A2, US Pat. No. 4,258,629 A, DE 198 19 412 C1 or EP 2 165 913 B1.
In klassischer Ausführung werden größere Eisenbahnwagen mit zwei Drehgestellen, die je zwei Radsätze aufweisen, ausgerüstet. Jedoch sind auch Ausführungen bekannt, bei denen je nach Eisenbahnwagenaufbau eine variable Anzahl von Achsen und Rädern pro Drehgestell zum Einsatz kommen kann. So wird man die Anzahl der Radsätze der erwünschten und zugelassenen Traglast eines Wagens anpassen. In the classic version, larger railway cars with two bogies, each having two sets of wheels equipped. However, embodiments are also known in which, depending on the railway car body, a variable number of axles and wheels per bogie can be used. So you will adjust the number of wheelsets the desired and approved load of a car.
An einem Drehgestellrahmen werden alle weiteren Teile wie beispielsweise Radsätze, Federung und Dämpfer befestigt. Zumeist besteht der Drehgestellrahmen aus einer geschweißten On a bogie frame all other parts such as wheelsets, suspension and damper are attached. In most cases, the bogie frame consists of a welded
Stahlkonstruktion, zum Teil ist der Rahmen auch aus Stahl gegossen. Steel construction, partly the frame is also cast from steel.
Das Drehgestell umfasst ferner einen Drehzapfen, auch Drehpfanne genannt, der das Drehgestell mit dem Wagenkasten verbindet und meist auch die Längskräfte zwischen Wagenkasten und Drehgestell überträgt. Das Drehgestell bewegt sich um die vom Drehzapfen gebildete vertikale Achse. The bogie further includes a pivot, also called a pivot, which connects the bogie to the car body and usually also the longitudinal forces between the car body and Bogie transfers. The bogie moves about the vertical axis formed by the pivot.
Die bisherigen Drehgestellrahmen sind äußerst schwer, weisen eine hohe Eigenspannung auf und unterliegen, wenn aus Stahl gefertigt, der Korrosion. Schweißkonstruktionen aus Stahlblechen und Stahlrohren sind äußerst aufwändig in ihrer Herstellung und somit kostenintensiv. Verschweißte Drehgestellrahmen weisen zudem Schweißnähte auf, die Spannungen ausgesetzt sind und bei starker Belastung reißen können. Solche Schweißnähte an Stahlkonstruktionen sind bei hochbelasteten Bauteilen, wie einem Drehgestellrahmen, besonders anfällig für mechanische Belastungen, welche letztendlich die mechanische Belastbarkeit der Bauteile herabsetzen. The previous bogie frame are extremely heavy, have a high residual stress and, if made of steel, subject to corrosion. Welded constructions made of steel sheets and steel tubes are extremely expensive to produce and therefore costly. Welded bogie frames also have welds that are exposed to stress and can break under heavy load. Such welds on steel structures are particularly susceptible to mechanical stresses in highly stressed components, such as a bogie frame, which ultimately reduce the mechanical strength of the components.
Die bisher bekannten Drehgestellrahmen verursachen zudem laute Fahrgeräusche, welche nur durch aufwändige Dämpfungsmaßnahmen reduziert werden können. The previously known bogie frame also cause loud driving noise, which can only be reduced by elaborate damping measures.
Darstellung der Erfindung: Presentation of the invention:
Um diese Nachteile zu vermeiden, ist es deshalb Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, einen Drehgestellrahmen für Schienenfahrzeuge mit mindestens zwei Radsätzen bereitzustellen, das in seinem Gewicht gegenüber einer Stahlkonstruktion reduziert ist und bei dem die Fahrgeräusche deutlich vermindert sind. Vorzugsweise wird das Gewicht um etwa 40 % gegenüber einer To avoid these disadvantages, it is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a bogie frame for rail vehicles with at least two wheelsets, which is reduced in weight compared to a steel structure and in which the driving noise is significantly reduced. Preferably, the weight is about 40% over one
Stahlkonstruktion reduziert. Die Reduzierung des Gewichtes ist abhängig von der jeweiligen Ausführungsvariante. Steel construction reduced. The reduction of the weight depends on the respective embodiment.
Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch einen Drehgestellrahmen mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 und einem Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen Drehgestellrahmens. Bevorzugte This object is achieved by a bogie frame with the features of claim 1 and a method for producing such a bogie frame. preferred
Ausführungsformen finden sich in den Unteransprüchen wieder. Embodiments can be found in the subclaims again.
Der erfindungsgemäße Drehgestellrahmen für Schienenfahrzeuge mit mindestens zwei Radsätzen besteht aus zwei über den Achslagern parallel zueinander verlaufenden Längsträgern, die mit einem oder mehreren Querträgern miteinander verbunden sind. In einer Variante kann The bogie frame according to the invention for rail vehicles with at least two sets of wheels consists of two over the axle bearings parallel to each other longitudinal members which are interconnected with one or more cross members. In one variant can
funktionsbedingt das Zusammenfügen von Längsträgern und Querträger über Functionally, the joining of side members and cross member via
Schraubverbindungen oder Schweißverbindung erfolgen. Innerhalb des Drehgestellrahmens befindet sich ein Aufnahmebereich für eine Anbindung des Drehzapfens und andere Screw connections or welded connection done. Within the bogie frame is a receiving area for a connection of the pivot and others
Funktionselemente. Erfindungsgemäß ist nun vorgesehen, dass der Drehgestellrahmen vollständig als ein Gussteil aus einer Aluminiumlegierung, vorzugsweise im Sandformgussverfahren, hergestellt wird. In diesem Verfahren lassen sich Hohlräume oder Hohlprofile hersteilen, die durch Verrippungen stabilisiert sind. Vorzugsweise wird der erfindungsgemäße Drehgestellrahmen im Aluminium- Sandformgussverfahren gefertigt. Die Form wird vorzugsweise mittels einer Modelleinrichtung im Handformverfahren oder auch im Kernblockformverfahren hergestellt. Es handelt sich um eine "verlorene Form", da die Form und die Kerne aus chemisch- oder tongebundenem Sand nach dem Abguss zerstört werden müssen. Functional elements. According to the invention it is now provided that the bogie frame is completely made as a casting of an aluminum alloy, preferably in the sand casting method. In this method, cavities or hollow profiles can be produced, which are stabilized by ribbing. Preferably, the bogie frame according to the invention is manufactured in the aluminum sand casting method. The mold is preferably produced by means of a pattern device in the hand molding process or else in the core block molding process. It is a "lost shape" because the mold and cores of chemical or clay-bound sand have to be destroyed after casting.
Typische Funktionselemente bei Drehgestellen von Schienenfahrzeugen sind Elemente für den sicheren Lauf des Schienenfahrzeuges auf dem Gleiskörper. Wie auch der Drehgestellrahmen gehören dazu die Primär- und Sekundärfederung, Dämpfungen, Bremsanlagen, Radsätze, je nach Ausführung auch Motoren und Getriebe. Typical functional elements in bogies of rail vehicles are elements for the safe running of the rail vehicle on the track body. Like the bogie frame, these include primary and secondary suspension, dampers, brake systems, wheel sets, and depending on the version, engines and transmissions.
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Drehgestellrahmen als einziges, ganzes Gussteil aus einer The invention relates to a bogie frame as a single, whole casting of one
Aluminiumlegierung, der die Funktionselemente mit deren Krafteinleitung und Lasten aufnimmt und den sicheren Betrieb garantiert. Somit liegt der Drehgestellrahmen als ein einzelnes Gussteil vor, das die bislang bekannten Stahlkonstruktionen bei Drehgestellen für Schienenfahrzeuge ersetzen soll. Aufwändige Schweißarbeiten und spannungsanfällige Schweißnähte werden dadurch vermieden. Durch die Herstellung des Drehgestellrahmens in einem Stück aus einer Aluminum alloy, which absorbs the functional elements with their force and loads and guarantees safe operation. Thus, the bogie frame is present as a single casting to replace the previously known steel structures in bogies for rail vehicles. Elaborate welding and stress-prone welds are thereby avoided. By making the bogie frame in one piece from a
Aluminiumlegierung reduziert man ferner die Kosten um ca. 30 bis 50 %. Dies ist ein erheblicher Vorteil gegenüber bekannten Drehgestellrahmen aus Stahl. Das Prüfintervall im Dauerbetrieb zur Prüfung des Bauteils auf Spannungsrisse kann entsprechend den Berechnungsergebnissen, des Dauerschwingtestes und den laufenden Untersuchungsergebnissen angepasst und vergrößert werden. Aluminum alloy also reduces the cost by about 30 to 50%. This is a significant advantage over known bogie frames made of steel. The test interval in continuous operation for testing the component for stress cracks can be adapted and increased in accordance with the calculation results, the continuous oscillation test and the current examination results.
Die technischen Parameter des über das Sandformgussverfahren hergestellten The technical parameters of the sand mold casting process
Drehgestellrahmens sind optimal auf die mechanischen Belastungen und die Erfordernisse des Dauerbetriebes abgestimmt. Vorzugsweise werden die Hohlräume des Drehgestellrahmens mit in der Form gelagerten Sandkernen aus chemisch gebundenen Sanden hergestellt. Durch die im Herstellprozess stattfindende Wärmebehandlung in T6 ist das Gussteil nahezu spannungsfrei. Eigenspannungen können durch die Wärmebehandlung im Herstellprozess vernachlässigt werden. Durch die Konstruktion und die mechanischen Eigenschaften der Aluminiumlegierung lässt sich eine Gewichtsreduzierung von etwa 40 % erreichen. Bogie frames are optimally matched to the mechanical loads and the requirements of continuous operation. Preferably, the cavities of the bogie frame are made with sand-cores of chemically bonded sands stored in the mold. Due to the heat treatment in T6, which takes place in the manufacturing process, the casting is virtually stress-free. Residual stresses can be neglected by the heat treatment in the manufacturing process. Due to the construction and the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy, a weight reduction of about 40% can be achieved.
Durch die im Inneren des Gussteils ausgebildeten Hohlräume und die darin vorgesehenen By formed in the interior of the casting cavities and provided therein
Verrippungen wird die erforderliche Stabilität gewährleistet. Die Hohlräume der beiden Längsträger und/oder der Querträgerkönnen vorzugsweise als Ribbing ensures the required stability. The cavities of the two longitudinal members and / or the cross member may preferably as
Luftreservebehälter für die Funktionselemente des Schienenfahrzeugs genutzt werden. Dies hat einen erheblichen Vorteil gegenüber den Luftreservebehältern bei bekannten Drehgestellrahmen, wie z.B. für die Traversen oder aus Stahlblech extra zu diesem Zweck geschweißter Luftbehälter. Durch die Hohlräume des Drehgestellrahmens können Luftreservebehälter geschaffen werden, welche diese Funktion vollständig übernehmen können. Dadurch können aufwändige Air reserve containers are used for the functional elements of the rail vehicle. This has a significant advantage over the air reserve containers in known bogie frames, such as those shown in Figs. for the trusses or sheet steel specially welded for this purpose air tank. Through the cavities of the bogie frame air reservoir can be created, which can take over this function completely. This can be costly
Konstruktionen über Traversen oder andere Formen von Luftbehältern entfallen. Natürlich muss sichergestellt sein, dass die dafür vorgesehenen Hohlräume des Drehgestellrahmens luftdicht hergestellt und entsprechend der technischen Vorgaben geprüft werden. Constructions over trusses or other forms of air tanks omitted. Of course, it must be ensured that the designated cavities of the bogie frame made airtight and tested according to the technical specifications.
In einer bevorzugten Variante sind ferner an der Unterseite an gefährdeten Bereichen Rippen zum Abhalten von Steinschlag vorgesehen. Diese Bereiche müssen vor Steinschlag geschützt werden, weil diese an der Unterseite des Drehgestellrahmens zu finden sind und jeweils vor in In a preferred variant, ribs are also provided on the underside at risk areas for preventing rockfall. These areas must be protected against falling rocks because they are found on the underside of the bogie frame and each in front of
Fahrtrichtung hochgesaugtem Schotter schützen müssen. Die Rippen haben einen Abstand von wenigstens 20 mm und sind wenigstens 5 mm dick. Direction of driving sucked up crushed stone. The ribs are at least 20 mm apart and at least 5 mm thick.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass zwischen den Rippen eine In a preferred embodiment it is provided that between the ribs a
Gummierung eingebracht wird, vorzugsweise durch Aufspritzen einer wenigstens 5 mm dicken Schicht. Durch das Aufbringen der Gummierung können unter den Zügen angeschraubte Gumming is introduced, preferably by spraying an at least 5 mm thick layer. By applying the rubber coating can be bolted under the trains
Stahlbleche entfallen, was einen weiteren erheblichen Kosten- und Nutzenvorteil des Steel sheets account for what a further significant cost and benefit advantage of
erfindungsgemäßen Drehgestellrahmens darstellt. bogie frame according to the invention represents.
Vorzugsweise kommt als Aluminiumlegierung eine Legierung aus Aluminium, Silizium und Preferably comes as an aluminum alloy, an alloy of aluminum, silicon and
Magnesium zum Einsatz. Wahlweise können auch Mangan, Kupfer oder Zink zugemengt sein, wenn die Oberflächen nicht durch Korrosion belastet und mit elastischem Nasslack geschützt sind. Vorzugsweise soll jedoch der Kupfer- und Zinkgehalt zur Vermeidung von Korrosionen gering gehalten werden. Die erfindungsgemäße Aluminiumlegierung ermöglicht ein Gussteil mit hohen mechanischen Eigenschaften und ist korrosionsfest. Vorzugsweise kommt für das Magnesium used. Alternatively, manganese, copper or zinc may be added, if the surfaces are not contaminated by corrosion and protected with elastic wet paint. Preferably, however, the copper and zinc content should be kept low to avoid corrosion. The aluminum alloy according to the invention allows a casting with high mechanical properties and is corrosion resistant. Preferably comes for that
erfindungsgemäße Gussteil AC-AISi7MgO, 3ST6 zum Einsatz. Das Gussteil selbst ist homogen und spannungsverträglich aufgebaut. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist das Gussteil zum Schutz vor korrosionsverursachenden Einflüssen mit einem elastischen Oberflächenschutz versehen. casting according to the invention AC-AISi7MgO, 3ST6 used. The casting itself is homogeneous and stress-tolerant. In a preferred embodiment, the casting is provided with an elastic surface protection for protection against corrosion-causing influences.
Die Lasten und Kräfte der Primärfedern über den Radsätzen werden vorzugsweise durch hutförmige Einsätze aus korrosionsfreiem Stahl großflächig und breit in den Drehgestellrahmen eingeleitet. Dadurch werden die Vorteile der Stützwirkung im Bauteil besser ausgenutzt und punktuelle Überlastungen in den Tragarmen vermieden. Der Überstand des Einsatzes überträgt die Belastungen umlaufend über den gesamten Durchmesser und die gesamte Fläche. The loads and forces of the primary springs over the wheelsets are preferably introduced by hat-shaped inserts made of corrosion-resistant steel over a large area and wide in the bogie frame. As a result, the advantages of the support effect in the component are better utilized and punctual overloads in the support arms avoided. The projection of the insert transmits the loads circumferentially over the entire diameter and the entire surface.
Durch das erfindungsgemäße Gussteil aus Aluminium werden Lärm und Fahrgeräusche erheblich vermindert. Durch die Wahl der Verrippungen im Inneren der Hohlräume lassen sich Funktion und Stabilität miteinander effizient kombinieren. Die Verrippungen werden in verschiedener Form und Dicke entsprechend dem errechneten Spannungsbild gestaltet.  The aluminum casting according to the invention noise and driving noise are significantly reduced. The choice of ribbing inside the cavities allows efficient combination of function and stability. The ribs are designed in different shape and thickness according to the calculated tension pattern.
Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Drehgestellrahmens für The invention further relates to a method for producing a bogie frame for
Schienenfahrzeuge mit mindestens zwei Radsätzen, zwei über den Achslagern parallel zueinander laufenden Längsträgern und den Querträgern, die die Längsträger verbinden und als Rail vehicles with at least two sets of wheels, two longitudinal beams running parallel to one another over the axle bearings and the cross members connecting the longitudinal members and as
Luftreservebehälter ausgeführt sind. Längsträger und Querträger können zur Aufnahme von Funktionselementen ausgestaltet sein. Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass der Air reserve container are executed. Side member and cross member may be configured to receive functional elements. According to the invention it is provided that the
Drehgestellrahmen vollständig als ein Gussteil aus einer Aluminiumlegierung im Sandformguss mit mehreren mit Rippen stabilisierten Hohlräumen gefertigt wird. Vorzugsweise werden die The bogie frame is completely manufactured as an aluminum alloy casting in sand casting with several ribbed stabilized cavities. Preferably, the
Hohlräume mit in der Form gelagerten Sandkernen aus chemisch gebundenen Sanden hergestellt. In einer bevorzugten Variante werden die Hohlräume der beiden Längsträger und/oder die Cavities with sand cores stored in the mold made from chemically bonded sands. In a preferred variant, the cavities of the two longitudinal members and / or the
Querträger als Luftreserveräume ausgebildet. In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsvariante ist vorgesehen, dass das Gussteil homogen und spannungsfrei aufgebaut und vorzugsweise mit einem elastischen Oberflächenschutz versehen wird. Der Oberflächenschutz ohne thermische Belastung des Bauteils und der sehr geringe Anteil an Eigenspannungen garantieren ein optimales Verhalten des Bauteiles im Zustand der Betriebsbelastungen. Ferner ist vorzugsweise vorgesehen, dass die Stahleinsätze aus korrosionsfreiem Stahl bei der Herstellung des Drehgestellrahmens in das Gussprofil der Längsträger eingelassen werden. Cross member designed as Luftreserveräume. In a further preferred embodiment, it is provided that the casting is constructed homogeneously and stress-free and is preferably provided with an elastic surface protection. The surface protection without thermal stress of the component and the very low proportion of residual stresses guarantee optimal behavior of the component in the state of operating loads. Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the steel inserts made of corrosion-resistant steel are embedded in the cast profile of the longitudinal members during the production of the bogie frame.
Die Merkmale der hier beschriebenen bevorzugten Ausführungsvarianten sind auch miteinander kombinierbar. Die Erfindung umfasst deshalb auch Kombinationen verschiedener The features of the preferred embodiment variants described here can also be combined with one another. The invention therefore also includes combinations of various
Ausführungsvarianten, selbst wenn diese nicht im Detail in den Ausführungsbeispielen Embodiment variants, even if not in detail in the embodiments
beschrieben sind. are described.
Die Erfindung betrifft ferner auch ein Schienenfahrzeug, das mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Drehgestellrahmen als ein Gussteil aus einer Aluminiumlegierung im Sandformguss mit einem Hohlraumprofil gefertigt ist. The invention further relates to a rail vehicle, which is manufactured with a bogie frame according to the invention as a casting of an aluminum alloy in sand casting with a cavity profile.
Die Erfindung wird in den nachfolgenden Zeichnungen näher erläutert. The invention will be explained in more detail in the following drawings.
Wege zur Ausführung der Erfindung und gewerbliche Verwertbarkeit: In Fig. 1 ist eine Ausführungsvariante eines erfindungsgemäßen Drehgestellrahmens 1 als ein einstückiges Bauteil in Aluminiumguss gezeigt. Zu erkennen ist der erfindungsgemäße Ways to carry out the invention and commercial usability: In Fig. 1, an embodiment of a bogie frame 1 according to the invention is shown as a one-piece component in cast aluminum. To recognize is the invention
Drehgestellrahmen 1 mit zwei parallel zueinander angeordneten Längsträgern 3. Die beiden Längsträger 3 sind durch zwei miteinander verbundenen Querträgern 2 miteinander verbunden.Bogie frame 1 with two mutually parallel longitudinal beams 3. The two side members 3 are interconnected by two interconnected cross members 2.
Die beiden Querträger 2 sind wiederum über zwei zentrale Längsbrücken 4 miteinander verbunden, welche einen Aufnahmebereich 5 für Funktionselemente umfassen. An den beiden Querträgern 2 sind jeweils zwei sich gegenüberliegende Nasen 7 als Seitenanschläge ausgebildet. The two cross members 2 are in turn connected to each other via two central longitudinal bridges 4, which comprise a receiving area 5 for functional elements. At the two cross beams 2 each two opposing lugs 7 are formed as side stops.
Am kompletten Bauteil werden Befestigungen für Funktionselemente und Schnittstellen The complete component is fitted with fasteners for functional elements and interfaces
vorgesehen, die gegenüber der Oberfläche erhaben sein können. Durch die provided, which may be raised relative to the surface. By the
spannungsflussgerechte Gestaltung können Lasten und Kräfte kontrolliert in das Innere des Aluminiumbauteils geleitet werden. Stress-flow-oriented design allows loads and forces to be directed into the interior of the aluminum component in a controlled manner.
In den Fig. 2 bis 4 ist das Hohlraumprofil der in Fig. 1 gezeigten Ausführungsform dargestellt. Das Innere des Gussteils ist hohl und besteht aus einem oder mehreren Hohlräumen 10, die über Verrippungen 9 voneinander getrennt sind. Diese bestehen aus Längsrippen und Querrippen in verschiedener Gestaltung an den Stellen, welche besonders stark beansprucht werden. Die Verrippungen 9 stabilisieren das Gussteil, verteilen die Spannungen und übernehmen die tragende Funktion. In Figs. 2 to 4, the cavity profile of the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 is shown. The interior of the casting is hollow and consists of one or more cavities 10, which are separated by ribs 9 from each other. These consist of longitudinal ribs and transverse ribs in different design at the places that are particularly stressed. The ribs 9 stabilize the casting, distribute the stresses and take over the supporting function.
In Fig. 2 ist eine Seitenansicht gezeigt. Man erkennt, dass die beiden Längsträger 3 mit zwei Querträgern 2 verbunden sind, an den jeweils zwei sich gegenüberliegende Nasen 7 als In Fig. 2 is a side view is shown. It can be seen that the two side members 3 are connected to two cross members 2, to the two opposite lugs 7 as
Seitenanschlag angegossen sind. Die Rippen 9 im Inneren des Gussteils übernehmen gemeinsam mit den Außenwänden 8 die tragende Funktion des Bauteiles. Side stop are cast. The ribs 9 in the interior of the casting take over together with the outer walls 8, the supporting function of the component.
In Fig. 3 ist die Darstellung einer Draufsicht eines mittig geschnittenen Bauteils gezeigt. Man erkennt einen Aufnahmebereich 5 für Funktionselemente sowie die Längsbrücke 4. Die In Fig. 3 the representation of a plan view of a centrally cut component is shown. It can be seen a receiving area 5 for functional elements and the longitudinal bridge 4. Die
Stahlbuchsen 6 sind zur Lasteinleitung aus den Primärfedern in das Bauteil (Längsträger 3) eingelassen. Diese haben eine Hutform und nutzen alle aufliegenden Flächen im Bauteil, die Lasten verträglich und gleichmäßig in das Bauteil einzuleiten. Steel bushes 6 are inserted for load introduction from the primary springs in the component (longitudinal member 3). These have a hat shape and use all the surfaces lying in the component, the load compatible and smoothly initiate into the component.
In Fig. 4 sind die einzelnen Verrippungen 9 des Hohlraums dargestellt. In Fig. 4, the individual ribs 9 of the cavity are shown.
Die erfindungsgemäße Konstruktion aus Aluminiumguss zeichnet sich durch eine erhebliche Kostenreduktion bei gleichzeitiger Gewichtsreduktion aus. Dabei werden die Fahrgeräusche erheblich vermindert. Aufwändige Schweißarbeiten an Bauteilen aus Stahl, wie Traversen aus Eisenwerkstoffen und Luftbehältern aus Stahlblech können entfallen. Dies stellt erhebliche Vorteile gegenüber bekannten Drehgestellrahmen dar. The inventive construction of cast aluminum is characterized by a significant cost reduction while reducing weight. The driving noise is significantly reduced. Elaborate welding work on steel components such as trusses Iron materials and air containers made of steel sheet can be omitted. This represents significant advantages over known bogie frame.

Claims

Patentansprüche: claims:
1 . Drehgestellrahmen (1 ) für Schienenfahrzeuge mit mindestens zwei Radsätzen, umfassend zwei über Achslager parallel zueinander verlaufende Längsträger (3), einen oder mehrere mit den Längsträgern (3) verbundene Querträger (2) und Aufnahmebereiche (5) für Funktionselemente, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Drehgestellrahmen (1 ) vollständig als ein einziges Gussteil aus einer Aluminiumlegierung mit einem Hohlraumprofil gefertigt ist, welches im Inneren Hohlräume (10) aufweist und über Verrippungen (9) stabilisiert ist. 1 . Bogie frame (1) for rail vehicles with at least two wheelsets, comprising two longitudinal supports (3) running parallel to one another via axle bearings, one or more cross members (2) and receiving areas (5) for functional elements connected to the longitudinal beams (3), characterized in that Bogie frame (1) is completely made as a single casting of an aluminum alloy with a cavity profile, which has cavities (10) inside and is stabilized by ribs (9).
2. Drehgestellrahmen (1 ) nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gussteil aus Aluminium im Sandformgussverfahren hergestellt ist. 2. bogie frame (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the casting is made of aluminum in the sand casting method.
3. Drehgestellrahmen (1 ) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die 3. bogie frame (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the
Hohlräume (10) der beiden Längsträger (3) und/oder der Querträgers (2) als  Hollow spaces (10) of the two longitudinal members (3) and / or the cross member (2) as
Luftreservebehälter ausgebildet sind.  Air reserve container are formed.
4. Drehgestellrahmen (1 ) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch 4. bogie frame (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized
gekennzeichnet, dass an der Unterseite des Drehgestellrahmens (1 ) geschützte Bereiche vorgesehen sind, an denen Rippen zum Abhalten von Steinschlag angegossen sind.  characterized in that protected areas are provided on the underside of the bogie frame (1), on which ribs are cast to prevent rockfall.
5. Drehgestellrahmen (1 ) nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen den Rippen eine Gummierung vorgesehen ist. 5. bogie frame (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that between the ribs a rubber coating is provided.
6. Drehgestellrahmen (1 ) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch 6. bogie frame (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized
gekennzeichnet, dass die Aluminiumlegierung aus Aluminium, Silizium und Magnesium besteht und optional Zusätze von Mangan, Kupfer und/oder Zink aufweist.  in that the aluminum alloy consists of aluminum, silicon and magnesium and optionally comprises additives of manganese, copper and / or zinc.
7. Drehgestellrahmen (1 ) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch 7. bogie frame (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized
gekennzeichnet, dass das Gussteil homogen aufgebaut ist und Betriebsspannungen und Lasten im Bauteil aufgenommen werden.  characterized in that the casting is constructed homogeneously and operating voltages and loads are absorbed in the component.
8. Drehgestellrahmen (1 ) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch 8. bogie frame (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized
gekennzeichnet, dass das Gussteil mit einem elastischen Oberflächenschutz versehen ist.  characterized in that the casting is provided with an elastic surface protection.
9. Drehgestellrahmen (1 ) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch 9. bogie frame (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized
gekennzeichnet, dass die Kraftaufnahme an der Primär- Federung durch Stahlbuchsen (6) unterstützt wird. characterized in that the force absorption at the primary suspension by steel bushings (6) is supported.
10. Drehgestellrahmen (1 ) nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die 10. bogie frame (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that the
korrosionsfreien Stahlbuchsen (6) zur Krafteinleitung in die Längsträger (3) eingelassen sind.  corrosion-resistant steel bushes (6) are inserted in the side members (3) for the introduction of force.
1 1. Drehgestellrahmen (1 ) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch 1 1. bogie frame (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized
gekennzeichnet, dass die Verrippungen (9) belastungsbedingte Rippen und Querrippen umfassen.  in that the ribs (9) comprise load-related ribs and transverse ribs.
12. Drehgestellrahmen (1 ) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch 12. bogie frame (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized
gekennzeichnet, dass der Aufnahmebereich (5) für Funktionselemente und Schnittstellen nutzbar ist, wobei Seitenanschläge, Wanklager-Befestigungen und andere  in that the receiving area (5) can be used for functional elements and interfaces, with side stops, roll bearing fasteners and others
Befestigungselemente funktionsbezogen angegossen sind.  Fastening elements are molded functionally related.
13. Drehgestellrahmen (1 ) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch 13. bogie frame (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized
gekennzeichnet ist, dass die beiden Längsträger (3) mit den Querträgern (2) verbunden sind  is characterized in that the two longitudinal members (3) with the cross members (2) are connected
14. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Drehgestellrahmens für Schienenfahrzeuge mit 14. A method for producing a bogie frame for rail vehicles with
mindestens zwei Radsätzen, welche zwei über Achslager parallel zueinander verlaufende Längsträger (3), einen oder mehrere mit den Längsträgern (3) verbundene Querträger (2) und einen Aufnahmebereich (5) für Funktionselemente umfasst, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Drehgestellrahmen (1 ) vollständig als ein Gussteil aus einer Aluminiumlegierung im Sandformgussverfahren mit einem Hohlraumprofil gefertigt wird, wobei im Inneren Hohlräume (10) ausgebildet und über Verrippungen (9) stabilisiert werden.  at least two sets of wheels, which comprises two longitudinal members (3) running parallel to one another via axle bearings, one or more cross members (2) connected to the longitudinal members (3) and a receiving area (5) for functional elements, characterized in that the bogie frame (1) is complete is produced as a casting of an aluminum alloy in the sand casting method with a cavity profile, wherein formed in the interior cavities (10) and stabilized by ribs (9).
15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hohlräume (10) aus chemisch gebundenen Sanden hergestellt werden. 15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that the cavities (10) are made of chemically bonded sands.
16. Verfahren nach Anspruch 14 oder 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hohlräume (10) der beiden Längsträger (3) und/oder eines Querträgers (2) bedarfsbedingt in Form von Luftreservebehältern ausgebildet werden. 16. The method according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the cavities (10) of the two longitudinal members (3) and / or a cross member (2) are formed as needed in the form of air reservoirs.
17. Verfahren nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gussteil während des Fertigungsprozesses homogen aufgebaut und anschließend mit einem elastischen Oberflächenschutz versehen wird. 17. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that the casting is constructed homogeneously during the manufacturing process and then with an elastic Surface protection is provided.
18. Schienenfahrzeug, umfassend einen Drehgestellrahmen mit den Merkmalen der Ansprüche 1 bis 13. 18. Rail vehicle comprising a bogie frame with the features of claims 1 to 13.
EP18829297.3A 2017-12-18 2018-12-17 Bogie frame for rail vehicles made from an aluminum casting Active EP3727989B1 (en)

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MX2020006484A (en) 2020-09-18
US20240059329A1 (en) 2024-02-22
CN111511626A (en) 2020-08-07
CA3085379A1 (en) 2019-06-27
CN111511626B (en) 2023-08-22
WO2019121524A1 (en) 2019-06-27
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PL3727989T3 (en) 2022-06-13
ES2909967T3 (en) 2022-05-11

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