EP3725975B1 - Method for manufacturing a parking cover module - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method according to claim 1 for producing a parking deck module for a demountable parking deck, which has a ceiling element with two narrow sides and two long sides. Removable parking decks are always used when additional parking space needs to be made available for a limited period of time. The parking decks that can be dismantled are usually composed of a framework made of galvanized steel girders, with corresponding ceiling elements usually made of wood or metal being placed on longitudinal girders. It is thus possible to relatively easily adapt the size of the demountable parking deck to the space available. At least a second parking level can be provided by the detachable parking deck, with vehicles being able to be parked both on the ceiling elements and under the ceiling elements. The capacity is thus almost doubled. If necessary, it is even possible to realize multi-storey demountable parking decks, in which case several ceiling elements are arranged one above the other. Accordingly, several levels are then available as parking space.

In the case of known solutions for demountable parking decks, these are assembled at the desired location from many individual parts. Thus, as a rule, an assembly takes place first of the required scaffolding, which is then provided with the ceiling elements. The erection and dismantling of these detachable parking decks is therefore relatively complex and hardly economical, especially for parking decks that are only used for a short period of time.

Out of GB 2 446 291 A discloses a parking deck module for a demountable parking deck, which has a ceiling element with two narrow sides and two long sides. In this case, side parts are arranged on the narrow sides so that the parking deck module can be erected independently. The side parts are connected via longitudinal beams on which the ceiling element is placed. The ceiling element can be designed, for example, as a concrete composite component.

EP 1 736 616 A1 shows a parking deck module for a demountable parking deck, which has a ceiling element with two narrow sides and two long sides, the ceiling element being made of reinforced concrete. Side parts (M3) are arranged on the narrow sides, the bottom ends of which are accommodated in foot elements, the foot elements also being made of sheet steel.

Out of WO 2013/015015 A1 a parking deck module is also known which has a ceiling element with two narrow sides and two long sides. In addition, side parts for setting up the parking deck module independently are shown.

WO 2006/100921 A1 describes a parking deck module consisting of a ceiling element with narrow sides and long sides. Furthermore, side parts for independently erecting the parking deck module are disclosed.

DE 20 2005 007 959 U1 shows a concrete ceiling element that is produced in a concave formwork.

Out of GB 907 616 A ceiling elements are known with two narrow sides and two long sides as well as with extendable side parts.

The invention is now based on the object of specifying a method for producing a parking deck module that can be produced with little effort.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1.

Advantageous configurations can be found in the dependent claims.

In a method for producing a parking deck module for a demountable parking deck, it is provided according to the invention that a ceiling element with two long sides and two narrow sides for fastening side parts is produced as a reinforced concrete composite element, a steel composite beam is arranged over a formwork with a concave shape and in the direction of the formwork is loaded in bending according to the shape of the formwork, concrete is then poured into the formwork and after the concrete has hardened, the load on the composite steel beam is removed.

This enables a parking deck module that is easy to produce and therefore inexpensive, since the ceiling element can be used as the sole load-bearing element without supporting longitudinal beams. At the same time, the ceiling element is very robust against the effects of the weather and can absorb high loads. Due to the bending load of the steel composite beams, the ceiling element is prestressed to minimize the risk of cracks developing. As a result, the ceiling element can also be removed from the formwork and turned around relatively quickly after concreting without any damage occurring in the concrete as a result of the changing pressure and tensile loads that occur in the process. In the unloaded state, the ceiling element can exhibit a bulge due to this prestressing, but this is not a problem. This curvature points upwards when the parking deck module is erected, so that rainwater, for example, can simply run off and puddles are prevented. At the same time, when vehicles are arranged on the ceiling element, there is only an increasing compressive load and no increasing tensile load, so that the ceiling element has a higher load-bearing capacity overall.

It is particularly preferred that the ceiling element is turned over after it has been removed from the shell, with the side lying at the bottom in the shell being used as a parking and road surface in the parking deck module. This side lying underneath in the formwork can be manufactured with a relatively high surface quality and can thus be used as a road surface without an additional coating. The steel composite beams are then on the underside when the parking deck module is in the erected state. A fairing is therefore not required.

Side parts are preferably pivotably fastened to the narrow sides of the ceiling element for the independent erection of the parking deck module. The side parts can therefore be connected directly to the ceiling element without the need for additional supports. This leads to a particularly simple structure.

It is particularly preferred that the side parts are pivotably attached to the composite steel beams. The steel composite beams are then used to transmit forces from the side parts to the ceiling elements. A punctiform load on the concrete is thus prevented and a high load-bearing capacity is ensured.

In a parking deck module for a demountable parking deck, which has a ceiling element with two narrow sides and two long sides, it is therefore provided that the ceiling element is designed as a reinforced concrete composite element: The reinforced concrete composite element is produced according to a method described in claims 1 to 4 .

This enables a cost-effective parking deck module. At the same time, the ceiling element is very robust against the effects of the weather and can absorb sufficiently high loads. The ceiling element is preferably prestressed to minimize crack widths. This achieves increased resistance to the effects of the weather, in particular to moisture in combination with road salt. In the unloaded state, the ceiling element can have a bulge due to this prestressing.

Side parts for the independent erection of the parking deck module are preferably arranged on the narrow sides. The removable parking deck can then be completed by assembling the parking deck modules, each parking deck module already includes a ceiling element that can be set up freely using the side parts, so that vehicles can be parked below the ceiling element and on the ceiling element. The ceiling elements thus serve as parking and road surfaces. It is not necessary to first build a complete scaffolding, which then has to be provided with ceiling elements. Rather, a demountable parking deck with at least two levels is created by combining several parking deck modules. The effort for assembly and dismantling is thus minimized. The fact that the parking deck modules can stand independently on their side parts achieves a high level of stability, while at the same time the structure is further simplified since the parking deck modules can simply be placed next to each other and then only have to be secured to one another.

In a preferred embodiment, the side parts are pivotably attached to the ceiling element in such a way that they can be pivoted from an erected position, in which they run perpendicular to the ceiling element, into a transport position, in which they are aligned parallel to the ceiling element are. The parking deck modules can thus be folded together to save space for transport. Thus, the side parts always remain connected to the ceiling element, which means that this connection can be kept very stable.

The side parts preferably protrude over the ceiling element in the erected position. The protruding areas thus form a boundary on the narrow sides of the ceiling element or a railing and fall protection for vehicles. An additional safety element is therefore no longer required.

In an alternative embodiment, the side parts are flush with the parking and road surface of the ceiling element in the erected position.

In a preferred embodiment, the side parts each have two vertical struts, which are optionally designed as profiles, in particular with an H-shaped cross section. The side parts can then have sufficient stability despite their low mass. By configuring the vertical struts as profiles, in particular with an H-shaped cross section, the mass and the required material of the vertical struts can be further reduced without suffering major losses in terms of their strength. In an embodiment with an H-profile, it is preferably provided that one closed side of the profile forms the outside and the other closed side of the profile forms the inside of the side part, so that connecting elements can be inserted into the open sides of the profile, if necessary, in order to to attach arranged parking deck modules together. Furthermore, this results in a smooth outer surface that is less susceptible to dirt and easier to clean.

Preferably, at least two longitudinal beams are arranged below and parallel to the long sides of the ceiling element, which are designed in particular as double T-profiles. The ceiling element can then be supported on the longitudinal beams, so that weight forces which act on the ceiling element, for example when cars are parked or driven over, are dissipated via the longitudinal beams. This enables a stable, relatively light construction. This is achieved in particular in that the side members have a double-T profile. The longitudinal beams can be connected to the vertical struts of the side parts, for example via a swivel joint, in order to obtain a stable, pivotable connection.

It is particularly preferred that receiving geometries for add-on parts are formed in the side faces of the side members. These receiving geometries, in the simplest case recesses, can be used for various things, for example for attaching a railing as an add-on part or for screwing longitudinal beams of adjacent parking deck modules arranged next to one another.

In a preferred further development, at least one removable tension strut is arranged between the longitudinal members and the vertical struts of the side part. The tension strut can then be detached at least on one side for transport, but offers additional security in the set-up position. In particular, it prevents the side part from collapsing and increases stability in the event of forces acting on the ceiling element in the longitudinal direction.

The side parts preferably have at least one diagonal strut, which connects the vertical struts of a side part to one another. This increases the stability of the side parts, in particular for loads that act on the ceiling element transversely to the longitudinal direction. The diagonal struts can be firmly connected to the vertical struts, for example welded or screwed.

In a preferred development, a region of the side parts that protrudes beyond the ceiling element in the erected position has at least two transverse struts, which are aligned parallel to the narrow side of the ceiling element. In particular, one of the cross braces forms the upper end of the side element. These cross braces secure a space between the vertical braces of a side part, so that pedestrians are also protected from falling.

The bottom ends of the side parts are preferably accommodated in foot elements. These base elements, which are made of concrete, for example, then serve, so to speak, to anchor the parking deck module to the ground. This results in a particularly secure footing. Each parking deck module can be assigned its own foot element to each vertical strut.

In the case of a detachable parking deck with at least two parking deck modules of the same type, the invention provides that the parking deck modules are arranged adjacent to one another on their long sides, with the ceiling elements abutting flush with one another. While a limitation of the parking area is then formed by the side parts, relatively large ones can be arranged in a row of any length by correspondingly lining up the parking deck modules Parking spaces are provided. With a flush connection of the ceiling elements on their long sides, vehicles can then drive over them without any problems. A slight misalignment that can be easily overcome by a tire of a vehicle is also considered to be flush.

The parking deck modules arranged next to one another are preferably fastened to one another via connecting elements which are arranged underneath the ceiling elements and in particular run perpendicularly to the longitudinal beams. This results in an almost invisible fastening of the parking deck modules to one another, so that on the one hand they secure one another, but on the other hand it is also prevented that a gap opens up between neighboring parking deck modules. The connecting elements are, for example, cross members that are arranged between the longitudinal members. In the simplest case, they are formed by screw elements that connect adjacent side members to one another.

The side parts of the parking deck modules arranged next to one another are preferably connected to one another. This can be done, for example, by means of appropriate elements that connect the vertical struts to one another, and if the vertical struts are designed with a profile, these can be guided within the profile. However, it is also conceivable to provide clamps, for example, which each clamp around two adjacent vertical struts and thus secure the side parts to one another.

Vertical struts of adjacent parking deck modules arranged next to one another are preferably accommodated in a common base element. This results in an additional connection point and thus increased stability. At the same time, the number of foot elements required is halved, further simplifying the structure.

Fig. 1

Eine Teilansicht eines demontierbaren Parkdecks in dreidimensionaler Darstellung,

Fig. 2

eine Seitenansicht eines Parkdeckmoduls in Aufstellposition,

Fig. 3

eine Seitenansicht eines Parkdeckmoduls in Transportposition,

Fig. 4

eine Verbindung zwischen benachbarten Parkdeckmodulen,

Fig. 5

eine weitere Ausgestaltung der Verbindung nach Fig. 5 und

Fig. 6

einen Verfahrensablauf zur Herstellung eines Deckenelements.

The invention is described in more detail below using preferred exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the drawings. Show it:

1

A partial view of a removable parking deck in three-dimensional representation,

2

a side view of a parking deck module in the set-up position,

3

a side view of a parking deck module in transport position,

4

a connection between adjacent parking deck modules,

figure 5

another embodiment of the connection figure 5 and

6

a process sequence for the production of a ceiling element.

In 1 a detachable parking deck 1 is shown in a partial view, which includes several parking deck modules 2a - 2j of the same type. The actual number of parking deck modules depends on the respective application and the available space and can be chosen relatively freely.

Since the parking deck modules 2a - 2j are all constructed in the same way, reference is made below only to the parking deck module 2j, which is denoted by the reference numeral 2 for the sake of simplicity.

The parking deck module 2 has a ceiling element 3 which is supported by two longitudinal beams 4 , 5 . A side part 7 is arranged on a narrow side 6 of the ceiling element 3 and is pivotably attached to the ceiling element 3 via a corresponding swivel joint. On the opposite narrow side, there is another side part of the same construction.

The parking deck module 2 can be set up via the side parts in such a way that the ceiling element 3 is at a distance from a subsurface, so that vehicles can be moved and parked below the ceiling element and on the ceiling element. The parking deck module 2 is designed to be self-supporting or free-standing, so it does not require any further supports in order to be able to be set up.

The side parts 7 each have an upper area 8, which in 1 shown set-up position over the ceiling element 3 and forms a fall protection for vehicles in the form of a railing.

The side parts 7 have two vertical struts 9, 10 which are connected to one another via diagonal struts 11, 12. In the upper area 8 three crossbars 15, 16, 17 are attached, which form a fall protection in the form of a railing.

Lower ends 13, 14 of the vertical struts 9, 10 and the side parts 7 are accommodated in feet 18, 19, which are made of concrete, for example. This results in a safe stand of the parking deck module 2.

In doing so, as in 1 shown, the ends of adjacent vertical struts 9, 10 of different parking deck modules 2 are accommodated in a common foot. Thus, at the same time, the parking deck modules 2 are secured relative to one another.

By arranging the parking deck modules 2a - 2j side by side, a demountable parking deck has been created, which provides a second parking level on the ceiling elements. A ramp element 23 is provided for driving onto the ceiling elements, which in this exemplary embodiment is attached to the narrow sides of two parking deck modules 2a, 2b. In this exemplary embodiment, these parking deck modules have a shorter longitudinal extent than the other parking deck modules 2c-2j and are also only provided with a railing on one narrow side. Otherwise, their structure corresponds to the structure of the parking deck modules 2c - 2j.

A width of the parking deck modules is preferably matched to the fact that two parking deck modules arranged next to one another result in a width that corresponds to slightly more than the width of a commercially available passenger car. For example, the width of a parking deck module is 1 m to 2.50 m. The parking deck modules can thus still be transported without any problems using commercial trucks and are easy to handle.

In 2 a parking deck module 2 is shown in a side view. The same reference symbols are used here as in the illustration 1 .

The side part 7 is supported by a tension strut 20 on the longitudinal beam 5 or on the ceiling element and is thus held securely in the erected position. Each vertical strut can be assigned a tension strut.

In this exemplary embodiment, the ceiling element 3 is designed as a reinforced concrete element that provides a closed surface. Due to the tension introduced into the concrete composite element during manufacture, there is a slight curvature of the ceiling element 3 in the unloaded state, which can be at least partially compensated for by loading. The ceiling element can then be produced in a similar way to prestressed concrete elements, such as those used for bridge construction.

The longitudinal beam 5 is provided with receiving geometries 21 for add-on parts, such as a railing or a fall protection or as connecting elements for connecting adjacent longitudinal beams.

In 3 the parking deck module 2 is shown in the transport position. A larger number of parking deck modules can also be arranged one above the other and thus transported at the same time.

The side part 7 is pivoted relative to the ceiling element 3 in such a way that it runs essentially parallel to the ceiling element 3 . This results in a very compact package. The upper area 8 can protrude at least partially over the ceiling element 3 in the longitudinal direction, resulting in a slight lengthening of the parking deck module in the transport position compared to the set-up position.

In the Figures 4 and 5 detail sections are shown which show configurations for connecting elements 2 which can be used to connect parking deck modules 2 arranged next to one another. The connecting elements 22 run perpendicularly to the longitudinal beams 4, 5 and bridge a gap between the ceiling elements 3. The connecting elements 22 are arranged on the underside of the ceiling elements 3, so that the upper side of the ceiling elements 3 has no bumps. The connecting elements 22 can each be attached to the receiving geometries of the longitudinal beams, so that a secure, stable connection of adjacent parking deck modules is obtained.

In 6 the individual process steps for the production of a ceiling element 3 are shown schematically. In a first step (a), a composite steel beam 24 is provided which has a camber. This composite steel beam 24 is then positioned with its curvature downwards in a concave formwork 25 (b) and loaded in the direction of the formwork 25, for example with weights (c). Arrows 26, 27 symbolize this load. Concrete 28 is then embedded in the formwork and concreting (d) takes place while the load on the composite steel beam 24 is maintained.

After the concrete 28 has hardened, the load (e) is removed and the ceiling element 3 is removed from the formwork 25 . Finally, the ceiling element 3 is rotated through 180, so that the side 29 resting against the formwork 25 faces upwards and is used as a road surface can be (f). This then corresponds to the installation position of the ceiling element 3 in the erected parking deck module.

The tension introduced into the ceiling element 3 by the steel composite girders 24 makes it possible to move the ceiling element 3 even when the concrete 28 is still relatively fresh, without causing damage to the ceiling element 3 due to the changing compressive and tensile loads acting on the ceiling element 3 is to be feared. Furthermore, an additional cladding of the composite steel beam or beams 24, which then lie on an underside of the ceiling element 3, is no longer required.

The procedure according to the invention thus reduces the effort involved in producing the parking deck modules, in which case, in addition to the simpler structure, a relatively small mass can be achieved with a high load-bearing capacity.

Reference List

1

parking deck

2

Parking deck modules 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d

3

ceiling element

4

side members

5

side members

6

narrow side

7

side panels

8th

upper area

9

vertical brace

10

vertical brace

11

diagonal brace

12

diagonal brace

13

End

14

End

15

cross brace

16

cross brace

17

cross brace

18

Foot

19

Foot

20

tie rod

21

recording geometry

22

fastener

23

ramp element

24

steel composite beam

25

formwork

26

Arrow

27

Arrow

28

concrete

29

side

Claims (4)

1. Method for producing a parking-deck module for a removable parking deck, wherein a floor element (3) is produced in the form of a reinforced-concrete composite element with two longitudinal sides and with two narrow sides (6), wherein side parts (7) can be fastened on the narrow sides (6), and wherein, during the course of the method, a composite steel girder (24) is arranged over a concavely shaped formwork (25) and then is subjected to bending in the direction of the formwork (25) and in accordance with the shape of the formwork (25), then concrete (28) is poured into the formwork and, once the concrete (28) has hardened, the loading is removed from the composite steel girder.
2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that, once removed from the formwork (25), the floor element (3) is turned, wherein the side (29) which, within the formwork (25), is located at the bottom is used as a parking and carriageway surface area in the parking-deck module (2).
3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, for independent set-up of the parking-deck module (2), side parts (7) are fastened in a pivotable manner on narrow sides (6) of the floor element (3).
4. Method according to Claim 3, characterized in that the side parts (7) are fastened in a pivotable manner on the composite steel girders (24).

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