EP3701214B1 - Utilisation de matériau pour masquage d'un objectif et munition permettant de disperser un tel matériau de masquage - Google Patents

Utilisation de matériau pour masquage d'un objectif et munition permettant de disperser un tel matériau de masquage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3701214B1
EP3701214B1 EP18779054.8A EP18779054A EP3701214B1 EP 3701214 B1 EP3701214 B1 EP 3701214B1 EP 18779054 A EP18779054 A EP 18779054A EP 3701214 B1 EP3701214 B1 EP 3701214B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
masking
ammunition
rod
ammunition according
dispersion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP18779054.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3701214A1 (fr
Inventor
Nicolas Perrot
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mecar SA
Original Assignee
Mecar SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mecar SA filed Critical Mecar SA
Priority to SI201830690T priority Critical patent/SI3701214T1/sl
Priority to HRP20221002TT priority patent/HRP20221002T1/hr
Priority to RS20220745A priority patent/RS63479B1/sr
Publication of EP3701214A1 publication Critical patent/EP3701214A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3701214B1 publication Critical patent/EP3701214B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H9/00—Equipment for attack or defence by spreading flame, gas or smoke or leurres; Chemical warfare equipment
    • F41H9/06—Apparatus for generating artificial fog or smoke screens
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H3/00—Camouflage, i.e. means or methods for concealment or disguise
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/46—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances
    • F42B12/48—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances smoke-producing, e.g. infrared clouds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/56—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing discrete solid bodies
    • F42B12/70—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing discrete solid bodies for dispensing radar chaff or infrared material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B33/00—Manufacture of ammunition; Dismantling of ammunition; Apparatus therefor

Definitions

  • the technical field of the invention is that of materials making it possible to ensure the masking of an objective.
  • Masking materials are well known in the military field. They make it possible to protect an objective, for example a vehicle, by preventing its detection by an enemy means.
  • Dispersed using a projectile they also make it possible to create a masking cloud in an area, thus allowing the progression of vehicles or infantry towards said area, sheltered from the cloud.
  • the infrared domains which it is more particularly necessary to mask from an operational point of view is the 8-14 micrometer band.
  • silica powder (patent DE4126016 ), titanium dioxide (statutory invention registration USH769), calcium or magnesium carbonate (patent FR2396265 ), carbon powder or carbon nanotubes (patents FR2730742 and FR2421363 ).
  • the materials forming clouds of droplets have the disadvantage of being very corrosive and of forming clouds that are both corrosive and toxic, generally comprising hydrochloric acid. They are most often discarded in favor of the dispersion of inert materials.
  • Metallic powders are interesting but the mass of the block of powder necessary to achieve a masking of relatively large dimensions (height or width greater than 5 meters) will greatly increase the weight of the ammunition responsible for dispersing the material, which can lead to destabilization of the projectile in flight.
  • the metallic material can also become compacted during storage of the ammunition, leading to masking performances different from those initially expected and can possibly destabilize the projectile in flight by a displacement of the center of gravity.
  • the masking obtained to be able to have a certain duration, it is necessary for the grains of the material to have a sufficiently reduced rate of descent.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to propose a material of reduced mass and having good masking efficiency with respect to electromagnetic radiation in a given range of wavelengths.
  • the invention thus allows masking in the visible range but also advantageously in the infrared range, in particular in the 3-5 and 8-14 micrometer ranges.
  • the material according to the invention according to claim 1 is of simple industrial implementation and does not present any risk of use.
  • This material is in particular compatible with European REACH regulations.
  • the invention also proposes a masking ammunition according to claim 6 implementing such a material and allowing its optimal dispersion on the ground.
  • the subject of the invention is an ammunition according to claim 6 using aluminum oxy-hydroxide, such as boehmite or pseudo-boehmite, as masking material dispersible by ammunition to ensure the masking of a target with respect to electromagnetic radiation in a given range of wavelengths.
  • aluminum oxy-hydroxide such as boehmite or pseudo-boehmite
  • the invention proposes a use in which masking is sought for ranges of infrared wavelengths, the particle size of the oxy-hydroxide of aluminum then being between 1 and 100 micrometers, with at least 90% of the grains of the material having an average diameter of between 25 and 45 micrometers.
  • the invention also relates to ammunition comprising a masking material intended to be dispersed by ammunition to produce a cloud ensuring the masking of an objective vis-à-vis electromagnetic radiation in a given range of wavelengths, material characterized in that it comprises at least one aluminum oxy-hydroxide, such as boehmite or pseudo-boehmite.
  • this ammunition is effective in a range of infrared wavelengths and the aluminum oxy-hydroxide has a particle size between 1 and 100 micrometers with at least 90% of the grains of the material having an average diameter between 25 and 45 micrometers.
  • the aluminum oxy-hydroxide may be coated with a binder.
  • the binder may in particular comprise polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).
  • PVA polyvinyl alcohol
  • the invention finally relates to a masking ammunition comprising a casing containing a masking material and a pyrotechnic dispersion charge which can be actuated by a rocket, ammunition characterized in that the masking material comprises at least one oxy-hydroxide of aluminum, such as boehmite or pseudo boehmite.
  • the dispersal charge consists of at least one explosive material placed in a metallic dispersion rod closed at its end remote from the fuze, the rod extending axially into the masking material in a manner coaxial with the axis of the munition.
  • the masking material may comprise at least one block compressed directly inside the envelope and around the dispersion rod.
  • the masking material can be compressed inside the envelope without using a binder.
  • Boehmite and pseudo boehmite are aluminum oxy-hydroxides with the generic formula AlO(OH).
  • Boehmite is a material that occurs naturally in bauxite ore. It is a hydrated alumina having a lamellar orthorhombic crystal structure.
  • Pseudo boehmite is a common designation for a finely crystallized boehmite, containing more water than boehmite, and formed of octahedral crystalline layers separated by water molecules.
  • boehmite and more particularly finely crystallized boehmite or pseudo boehmite, can be dispersed in the air in the form of a cloud and that the clouds thus produced have a certain durability favoring a masking of a target, for example in the visible domain.
  • the falling velocity of the cloud particles was relatively slow with falling velocities of less than 1 m/s.
  • Such behavior is due, on the one hand, to the reduced mass of the material, the average density of the material itself of which is of the order of 3 to 3.07, and the bulk density of the uncompacted bulk powder of which is less than 1.5, and is due on the other hand to the fineness of the boehmite crystals which are morphologically in the form of plates or sheets as illustrated in the microscopic photo of figure la, or even in the form of spheres carrying a median hollow as represented in the figure 1b ).
  • the powder of the material has many advantages.
  • this powder is not a material listed in a pyrotechnic risk class.
  • the loading of the ammunition can be carried out in bulk or by compression, however the masking performance of a compressed load will be better.
  • the loading by compression will be carried out by implementing conventional and inexpensive installations, such as a hydraulic press.
  • the latter is inert, unlike powdered aluminium.
  • the bulk density of the bulk powder is less than 1.5, so the material is particularly light.
  • the cloud generated by the suspension of this powder is not corrosive and it is very slightly toxic for humans and the environment.
  • the generated cloud ensures masking in the infrared ranges of 3 to 5 and 8 to 14 micrometers and in the visible spectrum.
  • the masking is mainly ensured by absorption of the radiation.
  • Air humidity or oxygen levels have little influence on the effectiveness of the aerosol.
  • the powder does not react, neither with the air nor with the water in the atmosphere.
  • Boehmite powder or pseudo boehmite is commercially available for different types of grain sizes.
  • This powder is generally produced by a conventional method of the sol-gel type comprising a step of hydrolysis and condensation of an aluminum alkoxide with an excess of water to form an aluminum hydroxide, a step of redissolution of the precipitate obtained to form the Sol then formation of the Gel by drying of the Sol.
  • boehmite or pseudo boehmite grains can be modified by implementing a spray drying tower.
  • a spray drying tower makes it possible to ensure drying of the industrial boehmite or pseudo-boehmite gel solutions while making it possible to calibrate the desired particle size.
  • Atomization towers are well known in the field of industrial processes for the production of powdery materials and it is therefore not necessary to describe them in more detail.
  • This atomization tower will be parameterized so as to obtain a powder whose particle size at d(0.9) is between 25 and 35 micrometers, that is to say that 90% of the grains of the material have an average diameter of between 25 and 35 micrometers, the overall particle size of the grains being further distributed between 1 micrometer and 100 micrometers.
  • increasing the atomization pressure makes it possible to reduce the size of the grains of the powder.
  • Such a choice of particle size leads to grains G1, G2 in the shape of spheres carrying a median hollow G3 as represented in the figure 1b ).
  • This particle size also provides masking in the infrared wavelength ranges in the bands of 3 to 5 and 8 to 14 micrometers.
  • the aluminum oxy-hydroxide grains could be coated with a binder.
  • Such a variant will make it possible to increase the size of the granules formed and will facilitate their subsequent compaction in ammunition. It also makes it possible to limit the dispersion of the grains of the material during the manufacturing stages, in particular by limiting the level of dust.
  • the binder may for example comprise polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in a proportion of 1% to 4% by mass.
  • PVA polyvinyl alcohol
  • the binder is incorporated into the solution of the aluminum oxy-hydroxide grains in water and before atomization.
  • the figure 2 shows in longitudinal section an example of an embodiment of a masking ammunition 1 according to the invention, the ammunition having a conventional shape of a projectile with an axis of rotational symmetry X-X'.
  • This ammunition is intended to be fired by a weapon system not shown in the direction of an area of land. Its function is to generate an infrared or visible masking cloud at said zone.
  • the ammunition 1 comprises an envelope 2 containing a masking material 3 and a pyrotechnic dispersion charge 4 which can be actuated by a rocket 5, for example of the type chronometer capable of dissipating a flame in the axial direction X-X'.
  • the casing carries at its rear part a belt 12 allowing in a conventional way to ensure gas tightness during firing in the barrel of a weapon.
  • the dispersion charge 4 consists of at least one explosive material, for example tablets of an explosive combining hexogen and wax or of a composite explosive, which is placed in a metal dispersion rod 6 closed at its end 6a away from the rocket.
  • the rod 6 is integral with a connecting ring 7 which is fixed to the casing 2, for example by a thread 8.
  • the rod 6 extends axially in the masking material 3 in the direction of the axis X-X' of ammunition 1.
  • the connecting ring 7 is preferably made in one piece with the rod 6. This assembly will for example be made of aluminum to reduce the mass of the ammunition.
  • the connecting ring 7 contains an internal housing 9 which receives a detonation relay 10 and which is in communication with the cavity of the rod 4. It also comprises a thread 11 allowing the fuse 5 to be fixed.
  • the quantity of explosive in the dispersal charge 4 is defined as sufficient to ensure the rupture, both of the rod 6 and of the casing 2 of the ammunition.
  • the fuse 5 When the ammunition is launched by a cannon, for example to mask a target, at a given instant on the trajectory of the ammunition or by the impact of the ammunition, the fuse 5 causes the initiation of the detonation relay 10 which itself initiates the dispersal charge 4.
  • the bursting of the dispersion charge 4 stresses the masking material 3 which causes the bursting of the casing 2 of the ammunition and the dispersion of the masking material 3.
  • the rod 6 In order to improve the distribution of the masking cloud, the rod 6 will be given a length such that there remains behind the rod 6 a distance D, at least equal to half the internal diameter d of the envelope 2. such an arrangement makes it possible to avoid reducing the density of the masking cloud at its center. A rod 6 that is too long runs the risk of creating an annular cloud.
  • the masking material 3 is a material essentially comprising aluminum oxy-hydroxide, such as boehmite or pseudo-boehmite, the grains of which are optionally coated with a binder such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).
  • a binder such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).
  • the material 3 is placed in the envelope 2 by compression directly in the envelope. At least one compressed block is thus produced directly inside the casing 2 and around the dispersion rod 6.
  • the casing 2 carries the connecting ring 7 extended by the cane 6. It is easy with the aid of a piston pierced to the diameter of the cane 6 to carry out an in situ compression of the masking material 3, without it being necessary to carry out subsequent machining of the compressed block to allow the passage of the rod 6. This results in a great ease of manufacture of the ammunition 1.
  • the compression may be carried out in one or more passes depending on the length of the ammunition 1.
  • Wedging washers 13 will be positioned between the rear of the block of masking material 3 and a cap 14 ensuring the closure of the envelope 2 at its rear part.
  • the washers are used to compensate for manufacturing tolerances on the length of the compressed block of masking material 3 so that the block is well immobilized axially in the ammunition 1.
  • dispersion charge 4 can only be put in place after the masking material 3 has been loaded.
  • the masking material 3 compression operations are therefore carried out on a completely inert ammunition 1.
  • the masking material 3 can be compressed inside the casing 2 without using a binder.
  • a solvent will be added to the masking material, for example methyl ethyl ketone in a reduced proportion (5% to 20% by mass, to limit dust.
  • the solvent may or may not be evacuated by drying with suction before setting up the base 14.
  • the tests carried out made it possible to verify that the masking material 3 according to the invention compressed easily, even without a binder.
  • the block obtained is particularly compact and solid. No risk of dislocation during firing is to be feared. No settling of the masking material during the storage phases is to be feared either.
  • the powder of the masking material can be compressed in a separate mold to form a compressed block which can be manipulated to introduce it into the envelope 2.
  • the energy communicated by the dispersion charge 4 during its initiation is sufficient to fragment the block of masking material which, outside the envelope 2, becomes a powdery material forming the desired masking cloud and with the expected performance, especially in the infrared range.
  • ammunition 1 according to the invention which is not fired by a cannon or a mortar tube but which equips the launcher tubes of the close defense ammunition of armored vehicles.
  • the masking cloud will have the effect of concealing the vehicle which fires the ammunition according to the invention.
  • the aluminum oxy-hydroxide as masking material 3 does not necessarily have to be in the form of boehmite or pseudo-boehmite.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
EP18779054.8A 2017-10-23 2018-09-14 Utilisation de matériau pour masquage d'un objectif et munition permettant de disperser un tel matériau de masquage Active EP3701214B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI201830690T SI3701214T1 (sl) 2017-10-23 2018-09-14 Uporaba materiala za maskiranje tarče in strelivo za dispergiranje takšnega maskirnega materiala
HRP20221002TT HRP20221002T1 (hr) 2017-10-23 2018-09-14 Korištenje materijala za maskiranje cilja i streljivo kojim se omogućava raspršivanje takvog materijala za maskiranje
RS20220745A RS63479B1 (sr) 2017-10-23 2018-09-14 Korišćenje materijala za maskiranje cilja i municija kojom se omogućava raspršivanje ovog materijala za maskiranje

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE2017/5755A BE1025655B1 (fr) 2017-10-23 2017-10-23 Matériau de masquage et utilisation du matériau pour masquage d'un objectif et munition permettant de disperser un tel matériau de masquage
PCT/IB2018/057034 WO2019081993A1 (fr) 2017-10-23 2018-09-14 Matériau de masquage et utilisation du matériau pour masquage d'un objectif et munition permettant de disperser un tel matériau de masquage

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3701214A1 EP3701214A1 (fr) 2020-09-02
EP3701214B1 true EP3701214B1 (fr) 2022-05-18

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EP18779054.8A Active EP3701214B1 (fr) 2017-10-23 2018-09-14 Utilisation de matériau pour masquage d'un objectif et munition permettant de disperser un tel matériau de masquage

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US11079208B2 (lt)
EP (1) EP3701214B1 (lt)
BE (1) BE1025655B1 (lt)
CA (1) CA3079576A1 (lt)
DK (1) DK3701214T3 (lt)
ES (1) ES2923681T3 (lt)
HR (1) HRP20221002T1 (lt)
HU (1) HUE059236T2 (lt)
LT (1) LT3701214T (lt)
PL (1) PL3701214T3 (lt)
PT (1) PT3701214T (lt)
RS (1) RS63479B1 (lt)
SI (1) SI3701214T1 (lt)
WO (1) WO2019081993A1 (lt)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102018129786B4 (de) * 2018-11-26 2022-03-03 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Erprobungs- und/oder Übungsmunition
DE102020002776A1 (de) 2020-05-09 2021-11-11 Diehl Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg Wirkmittelanordnung, Geschoss und Verfahren

Family Cites Families (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2729055B2 (de) * 1977-06-28 1979-07-12 Nico-Pyrotechnik Hanns-Juergen Diederichs Kg, 2077 Trittau Verfahren zum Erzeugen von dichten Wolken für militärische Zwecke
SE418495B (sv) 1978-03-31 1981-06-09 Lennart Holm Anvendning av partiklar av aktivt kol i aerosoler avsedda for stralningsabsorption serskilt inom ir-omradet
FR2730742A1 (fr) 1983-02-08 1996-08-23 Armement Et D Etudes Sae Alset Aerosol pulverulent pour la formation d'un ecran nuageux, opaque au rayonnement infrarouge
US4704966A (en) 1986-05-16 1987-11-10 Aai Corporation Method of forming IR smoke screen
DE4126016C1 (en) 1991-08-06 1992-11-12 Dynamit Nobel Ag, 5210 Troisdorf, De Non-moisture sensitive, artificial camouflaging mixt. - comprises metal dust solid particles e.g. of iron@ surrounded by hydrophobic silica gel
ATE129650T1 (de) * 1992-03-13 1995-11-15 Solvay Umweltchemie Gmbh Abriebfester trägerkatalysator.
DE4212633A1 (de) * 1992-04-15 1993-10-21 Inst Neue Mat Gemein Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung oberflächenmodifizierter nanoskaliger keramischer Pulver
US5531930A (en) 1994-04-12 1996-07-02 Israel Institute For Biological Research Aluminum metal composition flake having reduced coating
NO180216B1 (no) 1994-11-11 1997-03-24 Forsvarets Forsknings Anordning ved roykgranat
DE10325436A1 (de) * 2003-06-05 2004-12-23 Bayer Materialscience Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von beschlagsfreien Kratzfest-Schichtsystemen
US7166271B2 (en) * 2003-10-28 2007-01-23 J.M. Huber Corporation Silica-coated boehmite composites suitable for dentifrices
FR2879439B1 (fr) * 2004-12-17 2007-02-09 Oreal Emulsion cosmetique comprenant des particules solides.
CA2606407A1 (en) * 2005-04-26 2006-11-02 Tda Research, Inc. Releasable corrosion inhibitor compositions
EP2254833A2 (en) * 2008-02-19 2010-12-01 Albemarle Europe Sprl. A process for the production of nanodispersible boehmite and the use thereof in flame retardant synthetic resins
US9828304B1 (en) * 2015-04-21 2017-11-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Composites of porous pyrophoric iron and ceramic and methods for preparation thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20200309494A1 (en) 2020-10-01
PT3701214T (pt) 2022-07-13
DK3701214T3 (da) 2022-07-25
EP3701214A1 (fr) 2020-09-02
ES2923681T3 (es) 2022-09-29
HRP20221002T1 (hr) 2022-11-11
WO2019081993A1 (fr) 2019-05-02
RS63479B1 (sr) 2022-08-31
PL3701214T3 (pl) 2022-09-19
CA3079576A1 (en) 2019-05-02
LT3701214T (lt) 2022-06-27
BE1025655B1 (fr) 2019-05-21
BE1025655A1 (fr) 2019-05-16
HUE059236T2 (hu) 2022-10-28
SI3701214T1 (sl) 2022-07-29
US11079208B2 (en) 2021-08-03

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