EP3695620A1 - Transducteur acoustique amélioré - Google Patents

Transducteur acoustique amélioré

Info

Publication number
EP3695620A1
EP3695620A1 EP17797442.5A EP17797442A EP3695620A1 EP 3695620 A1 EP3695620 A1 EP 3695620A1 EP 17797442 A EP17797442 A EP 17797442A EP 3695620 A1 EP3695620 A1 EP 3695620A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sound field
acoustic
signal
sound
data
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP17797442.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3695620B1 (fr
Inventor
Roman Stumpner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Institut fuer Rundfunktechnik GmbH
Original Assignee
Institut fuer Rundfunktechnik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Institut fuer Rundfunktechnik GmbH filed Critical Institut fuer Rundfunktechnik GmbH
Publication of EP3695620A1 publication Critical patent/EP3695620A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3695620B1 publication Critical patent/EP3695620B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2869—Reduction of undesired resonances, i.e. standing waves within enclosure, or of undesired vibrations, i.e. of the enclosure itself
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1091—Details not provided for in groups H04R1/1008 - H04R1/1083
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R5/00—Stereophonic arrangements
    • H04R5/033—Headphones for stereophonic communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S7/00—Indicating arrangements; Control arrangements, e.g. balance control
    • H04S7/30—Control circuits for electronic adaptation of the sound field

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device, a method, a signal conditioning unit, data for acoustic reproduction, a sound transducer, in particular a headphone or an earphone, and a software product for improving a sound reproduction.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy or at least reduce the above problems in order to realize an improved sound reproduction.
  • an acoustic reproduction apparatus comprising a first electroacoustic transducer for generating a sound field, and the first electroacoustic transducer having an input for receiving an electrical signal for generating the corresponding sound field
  • the device is characterized in that there is further provided means adapted to acoustically interact with the generated sound field of the first electroacoustic transducer to produce a modified sound field and wherein it is provided that the modified sound field has a predetermined acoustic impedance value.
  • a device is proposed, wherein the device is at least one acoustic resonator and / or at least one further electroacoustic sound transducer.
  • an electroacoustic transducer is proposed either in cooperation with at least one further electroacoustic transducer or in cooperation with at least one resonator.
  • an acoustic interaction arises in such a way as to produce a modified sound field, so that the modified sound field has a predetermined acoustic impedance value.
  • both of the aforementioned variants are set up in order to set different impedance values or variable impedance values for the modified sound field.
  • a device according to one of the above alternatives is proposed embodiments, wherein the first electroacoustic transducer and / or the further electroacoustic transducer is adapted to receive an electrical signal in response to impedance information and convert it into an acoustic signal so by the corresponding acoustic interaction the modified sound field has a predetermined acoustic impedance value.
  • a device wherein the at least one acoustic resonator is designed as a recess, hole or as a Helmholtz resonator, wherein this is realized in particular on the housing of the device, in particular in the interior and / or exterior housing area.
  • the invention proposes a device of the above type, wherein the first electroacoustic transducer and / or the further electroacoustic transducer and / or the acoustic resonator is controllable by means of a corresponding electrical signal to set different acoustic impedance values in the modified sound field.
  • the control can take place either directly via the electrical audio signal to be fed in and / or via a separate signaling.
  • one of the devices of the above type is proposed, wherein the device has a measuring unit, in particular a microphone for measuring a sound field parameter in order to be able to derive therefrom a given impedance value in the sound field in order to enable a subsequent electrical adaptation signal to be generated.
  • a measuring unit in particular a microphone for measuring a sound field parameter in order to be able to derive therefrom a given impedance value in the sound field in order to enable a subsequent electrical adaptation signal to be generated.
  • the proposed embodiments according to the invention are either adapted to receive an already prepared signal for setting an acoustic impedance value and to generate the corresponding modified sound field, or actively take a measurement via a control loop to obtain a current impedance value in Sound field to measure a subsequent readjustment by generating a suitable signal to realize.
  • one of the above device according to the invention is designed as headphones or earphones, in particular, a corresponding Be provided housing for receiving the device according to the invention, and be designed as a helmet.
  • a device wherein the position and / or orientation of the first electroacoustic transducer and / or the further electroacoustic transducer and / or the acoustic resonator is made variable and in particular can be changed by means of a suitable electrical signal and adjusted as needed.
  • a variability in the position and / or orientation of a sound transducer or resonator is under protection.
  • the frequency response and / or the oscillating mass can be designed to be controllable.
  • a signal conditioning unit for processing signals for acoustic reproduction is proposed, wherein it is characterized in that it is arranged to generate a further signal for acoustic interaction with a first signal which is provided for generating a first sound field the first sound field to produce a modified sound field, wherein it is provided that the modified sound field has a predetermined acoustic impedance value.
  • a signal conditioning unit is proposed, the signal conditioning unit depending on at least one sound pressure signal and / or a sound velocity of the first signal provides a factor to produce a modified sound field, wherein it is provided that the modified sound field has a predetermined acoustic impedance value.
  • a signal conditioning unit wherein the sound pressure signal and / or the sound velocity is derived by means of a measurement, in particular by means of at least one microphone.
  • a signal conditioning unit is proposed, wherein the signal conditioning unit is set up to process an impedance signal, so that the impedance signal can be provided to a sound transducer.
  • a signal conditioning unit wherein the modified sound field has a temporally predetermined variable acoustic impedance value.
  • a signal conditioning unit is proposed, wherein the signal conditioning unit is set up to process further relevant acoustic parameters, in particular geometric parameters of a headphone or an earphone, in order to set the predetermined acoustic impedance value for the modified sound field.
  • data are proposed, wherein the data elements are set up and equipped so as to be converted into a corresponding electrical signal to be reproduced in a later step by an acoustic resonator and / or by at least one electro-acoustic sound transducer.
  • data are proposed, wherein the data contain control data for controlling the acoustic resonator and / or the at least one electroacoustic sound transducer.
  • a processing device for processing and / or reproducing the data is proposed, wherein the data according to one of the above data variants and wherein the processing device is in particular a smartphone, notebook, laptop, tablet PC, personal computer, wireless transmitter or server.
  • a sound transducer is proposed, wherein the sound transducer is adapted to reproduce a generated signal by means of a signal conditioning unit according to one of the above embodiments and / or data according to one of the above embodiments.
  • a software product which is stored on a storage medium and processed by an electronic data processing unit for implementing a signal conditioning unit according to one of the above embodiments presented here and / or for generating or reproducing data according to one of the above embodiments presented here is adapted.
  • a method for acoustic reproduction is proposed, the method having the following steps: generating a first sound field and generating a second signal for acoustic interaction with the first sound field to produce a modified sound field, wherein it is provided that the modified sound field a having predetermined acoustic impedance value.
  • the invention is characterized in particular by the fact that a headphone or earphone according to the invention simulates not only the sound pressure signal but also the sound field impedance produced by a remote sound source on the ear in order to improve or completely avoid negative phenomena such as the IKL or SLD.
  • the headset ideally does not receive a sound pressure signal which contains head-related sound pressure frequency responses, since these automatically adjust themselves when the sound field impedance in the headphones is correctly set.
  • the so-called outer ear transfer function (HRTF) only describes the relationship between the two ears. The following is the procedure describes how sound field impedance considered relevant for hearing is defined and how it can be measured.
  • the proposed measuring method extends the known method for determining the head-related sound pressure transmission function (outer ear transmission function, HRTF) by a second transmission function which contains information about the sound field impedance.
  • a measuring test stand can be constructed which is suitable both for loudspeakers as well as headphone sound is suitable to determine a sound pressure-dependent signal Sp and a sound pressure and the sound field impedance dependent signal SZ ( Figure 1).
  • the signals Sp and SZ arise at the outputs of the microphones for the left and right ear. These signals are dependent on the frequency and the sound incidence angle. If the artificial head is now irradiated with the same signals via a headset (with possible signal conditioning), the signals S'P and S'Z are measured.
  • test stand for the headphone does not have to be a dummy head.
  • a comparable measuring method which is limited only to the sound pressure, has been used in binaural technology for some time to produce spatially perceptible sound fields in headphones. From the measured signal Sp, a sound pressure transfer function Hp can be determined which no longer contains the loudspeaker frequency response by relating the head-related signals to the pressure signals of a free-field measurement without a head:
  • Hp describes the sound pressure change due to the presence of a human head (body) and the relationship between the ears.
  • this function also referred to as the outer ear transmission function (HRTF) in the current binaural technique, needs to be corrected for the sound pressure produced by this field impedance itself in a new headphone with replica of the sound field impedance.
  • HRTF outer ear transmission function
  • the signal SZ is new and provides more information about the sound field in front of the ear compared to the pure sound pressure signal Sp. It describes the acoustic resistance at the ear entrance of a human head, which a force source Q located in the ear canal senses when it hits an external sound field Force FQ exercises.
  • the force FQ is derived by means of a suitable mechanism (a microphone not described in detail) from the pressure in the ear canal and acts in phase with the pressure on the sound field. For this reason, the signal SZ is also dependent on the sound pressure.
  • the power source Q is itself exposed to the force FF of the external sound field.
  • an impedance transfer function Hz can be determined from the signal vQ by referring vQ to the signal of a free field measurement without a head:
  • Hz thus represents an extension of the previous head-related properties and can be used to characterize the characteristics of headphones with respect to the acoustic field impedance in front of the ear.
  • an impedance microphone The application of the described method for measuring the signal SZ combined with a pressure sensor is referred to herein as an impedance microphone. It is capable of delivering both a sound pressure signal and a sound field impedance dependent signal.
  • sound field impedance measurements are carried out on the outer ear of a test person with the aid of the 2-microphone method in order to characterize the differences in the sounding with headphones and loudspeakers.
  • connections to the subjective auditory sensations IKL and SLD are examined. It has been found that a measurement of the X-component of the sound field impedance maps the differences quite well and gives an idea about the size and the frequency and angle dependent on the sound field impedance.
  • a headphone or earphone which is characterized by improvement of the localization in the median plane, in particular concerning the Vorneortung
  • the sound field conditions are modeled in front of the ear of a human head when exposed by a remote sound source.
  • a head-related impedance signal and a frequency-independent sound pressure signal are transmitted to the headphones.
  • a vibration transducer impresses a proportional fast signal into the headphone chamber and generates the corresponding head-related sound pressure at the given sound field impedance.
  • simplified systems may be useful in which the most important properties of the real sound field impedance at the ear are transmitted to a headphone.
  • An embodiment according to the invention with modeling approaching reality is characterized by one or more of the following properties: a) the sound field impedance in front of the ear should receive a predominantly positive reactance in the frequency range of about 100 Hz to 2.5 kHz and / or b) when sound from a remote sound source from the front direction arise at the ear two typical sound pressure minima. As a rule, they are in narrow frequency ranges around approx. 1 kHz and approx. 2.5 kHz, depending on the head and body geometry. These are caused by minima in the sound field impedance as a result of interference. According to the invention, these sound pressure minima are not transmitted to the headphones as a sound pressure signal; rather, the headphones must adopt the corresponding sound field impedance, so that as a result of this sound pressure minima arise and / or
  • the minima are shifted in the sound field impedance with increasing sound incidence angle to low frequencies, and indeed according to the model as done on the head by sonication with a remote sound source.
  • the minima in the sound field impedance are strongly attenuated or disappear completely and / or
  • a calibration option on the headphones in order to be able to optimally compensate for individual differences of listeners is realized. This can include both the magnitude of the sound field impedance and the location of the characteristic minima.
  • inventive devices, methods and methods are presented, which are able to influence the sound field impedance of a headphone.
  • a modeling of the sound field impedance is realized with the aid of sound transducer pairs.
  • a specific sound field impedance is achieved, specifically through the use of two sound transducers in a headphone capsule.
  • the desired sound field impedance in the arranged direction can be influenced.
  • a suitable impedance measurement method (2-microphone method)
  • first the sound pressures p1, p2 and the sound beats vi, v2 of the individual sound transducers are determined or by previously determined sound pressure and sound velocity based on geometry-related values.
  • Figure 8 shows a simple principle with signal conditioning, which calculates the signal K2 for the second loudspeaker as a function of the value of the sound field impedance present at the input.
  • Signal conditioning can also be part of a computer simulation when ZFx changes over time, such as with moving sound sources or when using head trackers.
  • pi, p 2 and vi, V2 are determined from individual measurements of the transducers Lspl, 2 using the 2-microphone method.
  • Sp is the sound pressure signal
  • ZFx is the impedance information.
  • a modeling of the sound field impedance with passive acoustic Resonators proposed.
  • the resonator consists of a tube of arbitrarily shaped cross-sectional area, one opening of which projects into the volume between the ear and the sound transducer. In this case, other resonators can be used.
  • the accelerated air in the pipe represents a mass which, together with the stiffness of the air volume, forms a resonance system. Above the resonance frequency. The mass character of the sound field adjusts itself above the resonance frequency. With a flow resistance, the bandwidth and the quality of the system can also be influenced.
  • a modeling of the sound field impedance with active electroacoustic systems is proposed.
  • a system consisting of a microphone, a sound transducer, an amplifier and a simulation function
  • Simple analogously realizable examples are masses, springs, flow resistance or resonators.
  • Digital networks are much more versatile, but require very little latency. The principle is based on the modeling of the ratio of pressure and velocity in the KH pressure chamber. Important for the correct function are the pressure-signal proportionality of the microphone M and the signal-membrane-fast proportionality of the transducer WZ.
  • the replica function responds to the pressure signal at the input with a speed signal at the output. This signal controls the transducer WZ whose diaphragm is at a proportional speed. If the moving air volume is large enough, he determines the sound field in the headphones.
  • the replica may also have another input to control the shape of this transfer function.
  • FIG. 5 an embodiment for a function for the analogue reproduction of sound field impedances in the headphones is shown.
  • the sound field at the ear of the human head in the free sound field and at low frequencies can be described in a first approximation as a plane wave and a scattered wave, which is reflected by a considered as "breathing" ball.
  • the following example shows how an analogue replica of 1 / ZF can look like.
  • the example shows an additional simulation 2 of an interference, which leads to a minimum in the sound pressure.
  • an earphone is proposed.
  • the active electroacoustic systems are particularly interesting for influencing the sound field impedance.
  • Important here is the shape of the Earphones, since two transducers and a microphone are so space-saving accommodate that they can be comfortably carried by the listener.
  • FIG 6 different arrangements of the sound transducer are specified in an earphone.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Headphones And Earphones (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
  • Stereophonic System (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif, une unité de traitement du signal, des données, un dispositif de traitement, un transducteur acoustique, un produit logiciel et un procédé. L'invention concerne en outre un dispositif de restitution acoustique, le dispositif étant pourvu d'un premier transducteur électroacoustique pour générer un champ sonore et le premier transducteur électroacoustique comportant une entrée pour recevoir un signal électrique pour générer le champ sonore correspondant, le dispositif étant caractérisé en ce que ledit dispositif est pourvu en outre d'un agencement, qui est conçu pour interagir acoustiquement avec le champ acoustique généré par le premier transducteur électroacoustique pour générer un champ acoustique modifié et le champ acoustique modifié comportant une valeur d'impédance acoustique prédéterminée.
EP17797442.5A 2017-10-11 2017-10-11 Transducteur acoustique amélioré Active EP3695620B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/IB2017/056268 WO2019073283A1 (fr) 2017-10-11 2017-10-11 Transducteur acoustique amélioré

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3695620A1 true EP3695620A1 (fr) 2020-08-19
EP3695620B1 EP3695620B1 (fr) 2023-07-05

Family

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Family Applications (1)

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EP17797442.5A Active EP3695620B1 (fr) 2017-10-11 2017-10-11 Transducteur acoustique amélioré

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US11115752B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3695620B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN111213390B (fr)
WO (1) WO2019073283A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2019073283A1 (fr) 2019-04-18
EP3695620B1 (fr) 2023-07-05
US20200275195A1 (en) 2020-08-27
US11115752B2 (en) 2021-09-07
CN111213390B (zh) 2021-11-16
CN111213390A (zh) 2020-05-29

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