EP1471770B1 - Procédé de géneration d'une fonction de transfert partielle approximée - Google Patents

Procédé de géneration d'une fonction de transfert partielle approximée Download PDF

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EP1471770B1
EP1471770B1 EP04007586A EP04007586A EP1471770B1 EP 1471770 B1 EP1471770 B1 EP 1471770B1 EP 04007586 A EP04007586 A EP 04007586A EP 04007586 A EP04007586 A EP 04007586A EP 1471770 B1 EP1471770 B1 EP 1471770B1
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Prior art keywords
transfer function
hrtf
partial transfer
weighting factors
functions
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German (de)
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EP1471770A2 (fr
EP1471770A3 (fr
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Josef Chalupper
Uwe Rass
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Sivantos GmbH
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Siemens Audioligische Technik GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S1/00—Two-channel systems
    • H04S1/002—Non-adaptive circuits, e.g. manually adjustable or static, for enhancing the sound image or the spatial distribution
    • H04S1/005—For headphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R25/00—Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception
    • H04R25/70—Adaptation of deaf aid to hearing loss, e.g. initial electronic fitting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S2420/00—Techniques used stereophonic systems covered by H04S but not provided for in its groups
    • H04S2420/01—Enhancing the perception of the sound image or of the spatial distribution using head related transfer functions [HRTF's] or equivalents thereof, e.g. interaural time difference [ITD] or interaural level difference [ILD]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for generating an approximated partial transfer function which can be used in an electro-acoustic device for generating an environmental correction transfer function which adapts a device transfer function of the electroacoustic device to an acoustic environment.
  • each sound propagation can be assigned a transfer function that describes the transmission of an acoustic signal from one location to another.
  • an electroacoustic device is part of the sound propagation - for example, a hearing aid that is supposed to compensate for a hearing loss - it intervenes in the sound propagation.
  • the electro-acoustic device is arranged such that it influences the acoustic environment and the sound propagation as little as possible.
  • a hearing aid worn in the ear for example, essentially only influences the sound propagation in the ear canal occupied by it; the mode of action of the auricle is hardly impaired.
  • a hearing aid worn behind the ear (BTE hearing aid) bypasses the pinna, so that the spectral color does not take place through the outer ears.
  • important directional and elevation information is lost, for example.
  • the result is the known localization problems (eg front / rear confusion) of the hearing impaired who wear BTE hearing aids.
  • the associated disturbance of the spatial acoustic orientation and thus the sound quality as a whole often contributes to the rejection of the hearing aid.
  • the acoustic influence of the ear and the head ie the acoustic environment, in the hearing aid should ideally be considered.
  • the transfer function is composed of a modified transfer function from the sound source to a microphone of the electro-acoustic device and the device transmission function itself.
  • the modified transfer function is hereinafter referred to as a partial transfer function, as it represents in some way a part of the natural transfer function, wherein the difference in the acoustic device to be compensated again to effect a natural hearing.
  • the device transmission function in turn is composed of a device-specific transfer function, which is adapted for example to a correction of hearing impairment, as well as an environment correction transfer function that minimizes the difference of the transfer function using the electroacoustic device for natural transfer function and thus a loss of information for the ear the use of the electro-acoustic device as much as possible prevented.
  • the device-specific transfer function contains the transfer function from the hearing aid speaker to the eardrum.
  • the environment correction transfer function is ideally generated by means of the partial transfer function, which, however, for each acoustic environment, e.g. each hearing aid wearer, is different and therefore each must be redefined.
  • HRTF head-related transfer functions
  • An HRTF / HRTF ' is a Fourier transform of an impulse response between a wide frequency emitting source (noise) and, for example, an eardrum, also called HRIR (Head Related Impulse Response).
  • the impulse response can be used to determine the sound pressure produced by any signal source in front of a person's eardrum.
  • the HRTF / HRTF includes all physical characteristics for the localization of a signal source. If the HRTFs / HRTFs are known for the left and the right ear, binaural signals can also be synthesized from an acoustic source.
  • Transmission functions are very sensitive to changes in the acoustic environment, for example the shape of an auricle, the position of a microphone on the head and a changed direction of incidence from which sound strikes the electroacoustic device. Accordingly, the HRTFs / HRTF's differ from different persons.
  • HRTF / HRTF ' is a function of four variables: the three spatial coordinates (relative to the head) and the frequency.
  • HRTFs / HRTF's measurements on an artificial head, e.g. KEMAR (Knowles Electronics Mannequin for Acoustical Research).
  • KEMAR Knowles Electronics Mannequin for Acoustical Research.
  • An overview of the determination of HRTFs is e.g. from Yang, Wonyoung, "Overview of the Head-Related Transfer Functions (HRTFs)", ACS 498B Audio Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, July 2001.
  • the knowledge of the relevant transfer functions in the use of electro-acoustic devices is crucial for the improvement of algorithms, the mode of action of which depends on the acoustic environment, for example on the sound incidence direction. This is the case, for example, with algorithms for directional microphone formation, for directional cone alignment, for the reconstruction of natural HRTFs Microphone signals or for binaural noise removal can be used.
  • the partial transfer function describes the transmission of sound from the sound source to a microphone in these cases.
  • an amplitude and phase compensation is performed in directional microphone systems.
  • a hearing aid with multiple microphones which are interconnected to produce a directional characteristic, during wear in a suitable measuring room sonicated and recorded the directional characteristic.
  • the resulting filter parameters can be fed to the parametrizable filters connected downstream of the microphones.
  • the desired ideal directivity is thereby approximated taking into account the individual acoustic conditions when wearing the hearing aid.
  • the US 5,852,668 discloses a hearing aid that has stored a plurality of hearing aid parameter sets and hearing aid parameters customized to the current hearing situation provided by interpolation of the sets, wherein a hearing device user can adjust the hearing aid according to his wishes.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method for generating an adapted to an acoustic environment, approximate part transfer function, the faster and is essentially as accurate as a time-consuming measurement of the partial transfer function.
  • a basic function describes in each case a fundamental property of a spectral course of the partial transfer function.
  • direction-dependent effects can be separated from direction-independent ones Effects of the acoustic environment are treated.
  • the course, for example, of the amount of the partial transfer function can then be represented by means of basic functions.
  • the fundamental characteristic of the frequency dependence can be recorded as a fundamental property.
  • Other basic functions make it possible to reproduce finer structures of the course of the partial transfer function.
  • the entire perceptually relevant search space is available for generating the transfer function.
  • the partial transfer function formed with the basic functions can be adapted to the acoustic environment.
  • generating the approximated partial transfer function is understood here to mean that it is available at least in parameterized form, that is to say that it can be calculated on the basis of the weighting factors in a relevant frequency range, for example.
  • the approximate partial transfer function is stored and used in the electroacoustic device, which may be, for example, a hearing aid, a virtual acoustics system or a multimedia system.
  • the storage and use can be done by means of the weighting factors and Basic functions or in another parameterization. The latter is advantageous, for example, if the storage and use of the approximated partial transfer function is to be restricted to the spectral range processed by the respective device.
  • An advantage of the method according to the invention is that by synthesizing the approximated partial transfer function by means of basic functions, it is possible to sample the entire perceptually relevant search space for generating the partial transfer function in a very fast manner, ie to generate the entire perceptually relevant search space the transfer function is available.
  • D. Kistler and F. Wightman have shown in the article cited above that, for example, with five basis functions, a partial transfer function can be represented sufficiently well. Accordingly, by adjusting these five weighting factors, the search space could be sampled sufficiently fine and very fast.
  • the method can be applied to the determination of a whole set of approximate part transfer functions for e.g. Apply different directions of incidence.
  • the method can additionally be accelerated by taking into account relationships between the direction-dependent weighting factors and optimizing only selected directions and then interpolating further directions in a suitable form.
  • the method is 'fast' in comparison with a measurement of directional head-related transfer functions, which is performed, for example, in 5 ° steps for tuning microphones.
  • a measurement is time-consuming, since it has to be carried out for every angular step, ie for each new position of a signal source. Furthermore, it must be carried out anew for each hearing aid wearer.
  • a weighting factor for a partial transfer function relating to a person's head is determined in such a way that the person generates a spatial hearing impression taking into account the partial transfer function formed by the weighting factors and basic functions with the aid of the electroacoustic device.
  • a voice quality, a sound quality, a localization performance and / or an externalization of one or more signal sources can be assessed.
  • Externalization is understood to mean the following: In the case of headphone presentation of acoustic signals or the use of hearing aid devices, the location of the formation of a sound event is often perceived as lying within the head. If the sound source is located outside of the head in the same listening situation, this effect is called externalization. This has the advantage that the subjective hearing impression is optimized, that is, that the influence of the acoustic environment on the subjective feeling is taken into account.
  • the determination of the weighting factors is carried out by means of an optimization method in which, by varying at least one weighting factor, a step by step approaching the optimal weighting factors takes place.
  • the optimization may be done by the simplex method, which uses pair comparisons of 'nearest' neighbors to set the set of weighting factors for e.g. an optimal hearing impression finds.
  • the electroacoustic device, the acoustic environment by means of the partial transfer function and the device transfer function are electronically simulated and integrated, for example, in headphone signals to determine the weighting factors.
  • the generation of the approximated partial transfer function is performed by interactively adjusting the weighting factors to the possibly also simulated acoustic environment.
  • statements of a user of the electro-acoustic device with respect to the generated auditory impression are used for adaptation.
  • an initialization set of weighting factors with an associated partial transfer function wherein at least one further set of weighting factors is generated from the initialization set in which at least one of the weighting factors has been changed, wherein at least one further partial transfer function is generated from the changed set, and wherein two compared to an acoustic environment caused by these two different partial transfer functions are compared.
  • a plurality of partial transfer functions are generated and used which are each adapted to an incident direction of an acoustic signal to the acoustic environment.
  • FIG. 1 clarifies the topic of directional transfer functions in hearing aids.
  • a hearing aid device may be, for example, a hearing aid device 1 worn in the ear or a hearing aid device 3 worn behind the ear.
  • a sound source 5, for example a conversation partner generates sound waves which propagate to the carrier 7 of a hearing aid device 1, 3.
  • the sound wave is influenced by the external environment, in this case by the wearer's head 7.
  • the sound waves are detected by a microphone in one of the hearing aid devices 1, 3.
  • a partial transfer function ie a modified transfer function, assignable.
  • the influence of the acoustic environment depends on the position of the microphone and differs eg for the two hearing aids 1.3. It also differs for hearing aid devices, which are respectively arranged on the left and right ear of the carrier 7. Furthermore, the partial transfer function depends on the direction in which the sound source 5 is in relation to the microphone. Accordingly, the transfer function will change as the sound source moves horizontally or vertically about the head of the carrier 7. A precise knowledge of the partial transfer function is important for hearing aid devices 1, 3 in order to produce as natural a hearing impression as possible at the carrier 7, in other words in order to reproduce the natural transfer function as well as possible. Furthermore the consideration of partial transfer functions eg for the use of localization algorithms is important.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the initially made assignment of the terms to the various transfer functions involved in the sound transmission from a sound source 5A to a tympanic membrane 2. Without using a hearing aid results in a natural transfer function HRTF, in this case a head-related transfer function.
  • HRTF head-related transfer function
  • the device transmission functions 110, 111,... Comprise, for example, a device-specific part 120, which, inter alia, effects the correction of the auditory weakness, and a part which accounts for the difference between the natural transmission function and the partial transmission function, i. the effect of the acoustic environment, compensate.
  • This component is referred to below as environment correction transfer function 130.
  • the environment correction transmission function 130 can be used, for example, in a signal processing work by means of the partial transfer function HRTF ' be generated.
  • the prerequisite here is the knowledge of the partial transfer function HRTF ' i , ...
  • HRTF " i Since the measurement of a partial transfer function HRTF' i is time-consuming, the method according to the invention allows an approximated partial transfer function HRTF " i can be generated in a simple manner by combining basic functions BF i weighted with weighting factors A, B,... Linear linearly.
  • the signals from the microphones 100,... are passed to the loudspeaker 140 in accordance with the device transmission functions 110, 111,..., Which generates sound, which then strikes the eardrum 2.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates one possible approach in generating an approximate partial transfer function HRTF "according to the method of the invention.
  • basic functions 11A,... 11D are used for generating.
  • FIG. 3 schematically possible waveforms of the amounts of the basic functions 11A, ... 11D as a function of the frequency f are indicated.
  • the basic functions 11A, ... are obtained once by using a transformation of test part transfer functions measured on several subjects.
  • the first basic function 11A is generated, for example, by an averaging of all test partial transfer functions.
  • the differences are taken from all test partial transfer functions with the first basic function 11A. The differences are in turn averaged, thus giving the basis function 11B.
  • the differences of the test partial transfer functions and the sum of all previously determined basic functions are taken and also averaged accordingly. Use these base functions generate any approximate part transfer functions through a 'back' transformation.
  • partial transfer functions that have been averaged over many individuals are preferably transformed in such a way that they receive the perceptually relevant features.
  • PCA Principal Component Analysis
  • weighting factors 13A, ... 13D, 13A '... 13D' are needed.
  • the transformation 15 generates a first approximated partial transfer function 17 or, with the transformation 15 ', a second approximate partial transfer function 17'.
  • the one of the approximate part transfer functions 17, 17 ', ... that best matches an operation of an electro-acoustic device to an acoustic environment is determined by comparing 18 the effects of the approximated part transfer functions 17, 17' on e.g. determines the listening impression.
  • the entire perceptually relevant search space for the approximated partial transfer functions can be sampled.
  • the scanning can be done according to various optimization methods.
  • simplex method for example, a pair comparison of approximate partial transfer functions, which differ, for example, in only one weighting factor, is used to sample the optimum approximated partial transfer function.
  • a further approximate partial transfer function is generated by varying at least one weighting factor 13A,... 13D, with which a pair comparison is again carried out.
  • the optimal approximate partial transfer function 17, 17 has been found, it is stored in a parameterized form 19 suitable for the electroacoustic device and used in the electroacoustic device 21 during operation, for example by incorporating the algorithms mentioned in the introduction.
  • weighting factors of the initialization set are determined, for example, by averaged weighting factors from the acoustic situation present, e.g. given to the use of a hearing aid in the ear, adapted Crystalübertragungsfunktionen.
  • the method according to the invention has the advantage that an adaptation of the approximated partial transfer function to, for example, the individual hearing aid device carrier is effected by a manageable number of parameters.
  • the generation of the approximated partial transfer function is considerably faster compared to the complex and time-consuming direct measurement of the transfer function in the hearing device acoustician.
  • a further advantage of the method according to the invention is that the search space in which the approximated partial transfer function can be generated is considerably increased since essentially any transfer function can be generated by means of the PCA.
  • FIG. 4 shows a possible structure for determining an approximate partial transfer function for a person 31. Assistance of headphones 33 the person 31 auditioned audible signals 41, which has to rate this interactively.
  • the signals 41 are generated in a computer 35 and correspond to suitable acoustic situations that are to be recognized correctly by the person 31.
  • the signal corresponds to a point sound source to which the correct direction and distance is to be assigned, or it corresponds to a concert in which the position of the involved instruments should be reproduced correctly.
  • several acoustic signals are generated by different musical instruments.
  • the acoustic environment 43 is codetermined, for example, by positions 37A,... 37E of the musical instruments.
  • the approximated partial transfer function for example, corresponding FIG. 5 first generates the acoustic signal 41 in the computer 35.
  • the acoustic environment 43 ie the associated partial transmission function of the acoustic situation, and a device transmission function 45 are then included in the signal 41.
  • the approximate partial transfer function has been used in one or more algorithms for signal processing.
  • the thus simulated signal corresponds to the signal of the sound source 5 off FIG. 1 taking into account the acoustic environment and the associated device transmission function.
  • the simulated signal is then fed to a loudspeaker 47.
  • the acoustic environment 43 and the acoustic situation can also be used when considering the partial transfer function approximated using the basic functions.
  • the partial transfer functions for different musical instruments can each be included in the acoustic signals.
  • the weighting factors are also adjusted by means of the computer 35 in such a way that the person 31 correctly perceives the acoustic environment. That is, the approximate partial transfer function is optimized in such a way that, for example, a spatial hearing impression is created for the person 31, in that he can correctly assign the various musical instruments to the given acoustic environment (correctly set localization and externalization of signal sources).
  • One or more approximated partial transfer functions obtained by such an interactive adaptation are stored in the hearing aid device and are read out by the corresponding algorithms during operation of the hearing aid device and used for signal processing.

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Claims (15)

  1. Procédé pour générer une fonction de transmission partielle approchée (HRTF", 17, 17') qui se réfère à la tête d'une personne (7), laquelle fonction est utilisable dans un appareil électroacoustique (1, 3, 3A, 21) pour générer une fonction de transmission de correction d'environnement (130), laquelle adapte une fonction de transmission d'appareil (110, 111, 112) de l'appareil électroacoustique (1, 3, 3A, 21) à un environnement acoustique (43), comportant les caractéristiques suivantes .
    - mise à disposition d'un nombre de fonctions de base (BFi, 11A, ...) qui présentent chacune une caractéristique fondamentale d'un tracé spectral de fonctions de transmission partielle (HRTF'),
    - génération de la fonction de transmission partielle approchée (HRTF", 17, 17') par combinaison des fonctions de base (BFi, 11A, ...) pondérées avec les facteurs de pondération (A, B, 13A, ...) en déterminant respectivement, pour chaque fonction de base (BFi, 11A, ...), le facteur de pondération (A, B, 13A, ...) de manière telle qu'un fonctionnement de l'appareil électroacoustique (1, 3, 3A, 21) est adapté à un environnement acoustique (43) compte tenu de la fonction de transmission partielle approchée (HRTF", 17, 17') formée avec les facteurs de pondération (A, B, 13A, ...) et les fonctions de base (BFi, 11A, ...),
    - sauvegarde de la fonction de transmission partielle approchée (HRTF", 17, 17') dans l'appareil électroacoustique (1, 3, 3A, 21) pour utilisation pendant le fonctionnement,
    caractérisé en ce que la détermination des facteurs de pondération (A, B, 13A, ...) s'effectue au moyen d'un procédé d'optimisation dans lequel se produit, par étapes, une approche des facteurs de pondération optimaux (A, B, 13A, ...) par variation d'au moins un facteur de pondération (A, B, 13A, ...)
    et/ou en ce que la génération de la fonction de transmission partielle approchée (HRTF", 17, 17') s'effectue par adaptation interactive des facteurs de pondération (A, B, 13A, ...) à l'environnement acoustique (43) d'une personne, la personne (31) étant exposée à des signaux de test acoustiques qu'elle évalue et les facteurs de pondération (A, B, 13A, ...) subissant des variations jusqu'à ce qu'une impression auditive correspondant sensiblement aux signaux de test soit perçue par la personne (31).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'une fonction de transmission partielle approchée (HRTF", 17, 17') peut être calculée au moyen d'une rétrotransformation des axes principaux correspondante à partir de facteurs de pondération (A, B, 13A, ...).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la fonction de transmission partielle approchée (HRTF", 17, 17') peut être représentée au moyen des facteurs de pondération (A, B, 13A, ...) en tant que combinaison linéaire de plusieurs fonctions de base (BFi, 11A, ...) .
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'une fonction de base (BFi, 11A, ...) présente une caractéristique fondamentale d'un tracé spectral d'une valeur de la fonction de transmission partielle (HRTF", 17, 17').
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que, lors de la génération de la fonction de transmission partielle approchée (HRTF", 17, 17'), il est additionnellement tenu compte d'une dépendance directionnelle de la phase de la fonction de transmission partielle (HRTF", 17, 17').
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'un des facteurs de pondération (A, B, 13A, ...) est déterminé de manière telle que, pour la personne (7), une impression auditive spatiale est générée par l'appareil électroacoustique (1, 3, 3A, 21) compte tenu de la fonction de transmission partielle approchée (HRTF", 17, 17') formée avec le facteur de pondération (A, B, 13A, ...) et la fonction de base associée (BFi, 11A, ...).
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, pour déterminer les facteurs de pondération (A, B, 13A, ...), la fonction de transmission de l'appareil (110, 111, 112), la fonction de transmission partielle approchée (HRTF", 17, 17') qui résulte des facteurs de pondération (A, B, 13A, ...) et/ou la fonction de transmission partielle (HRTF') sont intégrées dans des signaux d'écouteurs de manière simulée électroniquement.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'adaptation interactive s'effectue par variation des facteurs de pondération (A, B, 13A, ...) à l'aide de déclarations d'un utilisateur (7) de l'appareil électroacoustique (1, 3, 3A, 21) concernant l'impression auditive produite.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que l'impression auditive est évaluée à l'aide de la performance de localisation et/ou de l'externalisation.
  10. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un jeu de facteurs de pondération (13A, ...) d'initialisation est donné avec une première fonction de transmission partielle approchée (17) associée.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un jeu modifié de facteurs de pondération (13A', ...) est généré à partir du jeu d'initialisation, au moins l'un des facteurs de pondération (13A, ...) étant modifié, en ce qu'au moins une deuxième fonction de transmission partielle approchée (17') est formée à partir du jeu modifié et en ce que deux adaptations de l'appareil électroacoustique (21) à un environnement acoustique (43) réalisées par deux fonctions de transmission partielle approchées différentes (17, 17') sont comparées entre elles.
  12. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'une première fonction de base (BF1, 11A) est générée par calcul de la moyenne de fonctions de transmission partielle (HRTF') mesurées dans différents environnements acoustiques.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce qu'une deuxième fonction de base (BF2, 11B) est générée par calcul de la moyenne de fonctions différentielles, respectivement une fonction différentielle étant générée à partir d'une fonction de transmission partielle (HRTF') en soustrayant de celle-ci la première fonction de base (11A).
  14. Procédé selon la revendication 12 ou 13, caractérisé en ce qu'une autre fonction de base (11C, 11D) est générée par calcul de la moyenne de fonctions différentielles qui résultent chacune de la différence entre une fonction de transmission partielle (HRTF') et une ou plusieurs fonctions de base (BFi, 11A, ...).
  15. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que sont générées plusieurs fonctions de transmission partielle approchées (HRTF', 17, 17') qui sont chacune adaptées à l'environnement acoustique (45) pour une direction d'incidence d'un signal acoustique.
EP04007586A 2003-04-22 2004-03-29 Procédé de géneration d'une fonction de transfert partielle approximée Expired - Lifetime EP1471770B1 (fr)

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DE10318191A DE10318191A1 (de) 2003-04-22 2003-04-22 Verfahren zur Erzeugung und Verwendung einer Übertragungsfunktion
DE10318191 2003-04-22

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EP1471770A2 EP1471770A2 (fr) 2004-10-27
EP1471770A3 EP1471770A3 (fr) 2008-12-03
EP1471770B1 true EP1471770B1 (fr) 2010-07-07

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US7184557B2 (en) * 2005-03-03 2007-02-27 William Berson Methods and apparatuses for recording and playing back audio signals
DE102007035171A1 (de) 2007-07-27 2009-02-05 Siemens Medical Instruments Pte. Ltd. Verfahren zum Anpassen eines Hörgeräts mit Hilfe eines perzeptiven Modells
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EP1471770A2 (fr) 2004-10-27
DE502004011352D1 (de) 2010-08-19
ATE473604T1 (de) 2010-07-15
DE10318191A1 (de) 2004-07-29
DK1471770T3 (da) 2010-10-25
US20040218771A1 (en) 2004-11-04
AU2004201682A1 (en) 2004-11-11
EP1471770A3 (fr) 2008-12-03

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