EP3690098B1 - Procédé de fabrication d'un tissu - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'un tissu Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3690098B1
EP3690098B1 EP19154611.8A EP19154611A EP3690098B1 EP 3690098 B1 EP3690098 B1 EP 3690098B1 EP 19154611 A EP19154611 A EP 19154611A EP 3690098 B1 EP3690098 B1 EP 3690098B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
yarns
fabric
main
yarn
dtex
Prior art date
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EP19154611.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3690098A1 (fr
Inventor
Andrea Uboldi
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Tessitura Clara Srl
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Tessitura Clara Srl
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Priority to EP19154611.8A priority Critical patent/EP3690098B1/fr
Publication of EP3690098A1 publication Critical patent/EP3690098A1/fr
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B11/00—Treatment of selected parts of textile materials, e.g. partial dyeing
    • D06B11/0093—Treatments carried out during or after a regular application of treating materials, in order to get differentiated effects on the textile material
    • D06B11/0096—Treatments carried out during or after a regular application of treating materials, in order to get differentiated effects on the textile material to get a faded look
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D13/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the special disposition of the warp or weft threads, e.g. with curved weft threads, with discontinuous warp threads, with diagonal warp or weft
    • D03D13/008—Woven fabrics characterised by the special disposition of the warp or weft threads, e.g. with curved weft threads, with discontinuous warp threads, with diagonal warp or weft characterised by weave density or surface weight
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/54—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads coloured
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P7/00—Dyeing or printing processes combined with mechanical treatment
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2201/00—Cellulose-based fibres, e.g. vegetable fibres
    • D10B2201/01—Natural vegetable fibres
    • D10B2201/02—Cotton

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a denim fabric and a method for making said fabric of the type specified in the preamble of the first claim.
  • Denim-type fabrics also commonly called Jeans fabrics, are currently known. Denim fabrics are generally made from a cotton warp and a cotton or linen weft.
  • the weft threads are coloured in blue, preferably indigo blue denim, and the warp threads in white.
  • the warp threads pass under two or more weft threads at a time.
  • denim fabrics are used in many variations and obtained with different yarns, even stretch ones, or in different colours.
  • the finishing step comprises the use of devices, for example laser-type devices, suitable for lightening some yarns of the fabric so as to display the desired shapes.
  • the brightening of the fabrics involves carrying out an additional step compared to the normal fabric processing steps, with implications in time as well as economic terms.
  • WO2010/079989 A2 discloses a woven fabric, wherein different types of warp yarns are used, wherein the types of yarn have different fading characteristics upon laundry of the fabric to obtain a fabric having a stripe pattern.
  • the technical task underlying the present invention is to devise a denim fabric and a method for making said fabric, which is capable of substantially obviating at least some of the above-mentioned drawbacks.
  • a major object of the invention is to obtain a fabric and a method for making said fabric, which allows the making of shapes and figures on a garment without using expensive technologies or technologies suitable to wear out the fabric.
  • Another major object of the invention is to provide a fabric and a method for making the fabric, which is suitable to cut down the steps required for the manufacture of decorated fabrics with effects and patterns imprinted on the surface of the fabric.
  • the technical task and the specified objects are achieved by means of a method for making the fabric as claimed in appended claim 1. Exemplary preferred embodiments are described in the dependent claims.
  • the measures, values, shapes and geometric references (such as perpendicularity and parallelism), when used with words like “about” or other similar terms such as “approximately” or “substantially”, are to be understood as except for measurement errors or inaccuracies due to production and/or manufacturing errors and, above all, except for a slight divergence from the value, measure, shape or geometric reference with which it is associated.
  • these terms if associated with a value, preferably indicate a divergence of not more than 10% from said value.
  • the method of making denim fabrics according to the invention comprises the use of a main yarn, which preferably exhibits a poor wash-out ability, and preferably also a step of manufacturing said yarn.
  • the main yarn is, for example, dyed with solid dyes.
  • the term "exhibits a poor wash-out ability" preferably refers to a yarn with a value of colour fastness to the wet rubbing test (ISO 105 A02) preferably greater than or equal to 3, more preferably greater than 4, or anyway a high value as defined below.
  • the main yarn is a main yarn preferably made of cotton and preferably dyed in black, more preferably in sulfur black, or blue, more preferably in indigo blue, optionally added with black to vary the brightness of the colour.
  • the main yarn is preferably also dyed in other colours, and alternatively solid dyes, in particular of the direct, reactive and Indanthrene ® types, or indigo dyes with a treatment suitable for a high or very high colour fixation can be used.
  • Secondary yarns for example also made of cotton and preferably dyed in black, more preferably in sulfur black, or blue, more preferably in indigo blue, optionally added with black to vary the brightness of the colour, are also used or suitably manufactured.
  • the secondary yarn is preferably also dyed in other colours with other techniques such as for example with the so-called sulfur colours, or with mordant dyes, which allow non-solid colours to be obtained, which however can be washed out in the subsequent fabric or garment washing processes.
  • the secondary yarn preferably has a value of colour fastness to the wet rubbing test (ISO 105 A02) that is low, and according to the claimed invention at least one point less than the value of the main yarn in the same test. Therefore, the secondary yarn exhibits a better wash-out ability than the main yarn.
  • the secondary yarn preferably has a value of colour fastness to the wet rubbing test (ISO 105 A02) that is less than 2, or anyway a low value as defined below.
  • the main and the secondary yarns have values of colour fastness to the wet rubbing test (ISO 105 A02), which are high for the former and low for the latter, respectively, meaning that the former is necessarily higher than the latter, which is consequently low compared to the former.
  • Both the main yarns and the secondary yarns can be one- or two- or multiple-ply yarns and suitably have a count preferably comprised between 6984/1 dtex ( 6/1 NE ( ) (i.e. 1492/2 dtex (12/2 NE) 25 in the case of two-ply yarns) and 149/1 dtex (120/1 NE) (i.e. 125/2 (240/2 NE) in the case of two-ply yarns).
  • the counts will preferably match the counts mentioned herein for one- or two-ply yarns.
  • the main yarn is more preferably a two-ply yarn with a count of from 369/2 dtex (16/2 NE) to 49/2 dtex (120/2 NE).
  • the secondary yarn is more preferably a one-ply yarn with a count comprised between 738/1 dtex (8/1 NE) and 98/1 dtex (60/1 NE).
  • the weft consists, for example, of stretch or non-stretch yarn, preferably made of cotton or stretch polyamide or stretch polyester or other stretch material, or of yarns that are similar or identical to the main and secondary yarns.
  • the method according to the invention preferably comprises a step of producing a warp beam consisting of at least one main yarn and at least one secondary yarn, and a step of weaving with other weft yarns as mentioned above.
  • yarns even more than one, preferably made of cotton or other types and not indigo-dyed, but raw, bleached or dyed in another colour can be added both to the warp and the weft, so as to create specific effects on the fabric such as linings, patterns, fil-coupe or other effects.
  • the beam thus formed is connected to a reed, which has suitably a linear thread density preferably greater than 20 threads/cm and more preferably comprised between 40 threads/cm and approximately 80 threads/cm.
  • the width of the reed of the fabric on the loom will preferably be from 160 cm up to 260 cm in total for single looms or twice as much for double-width looms, which therefore weave two fabrics at the same time.
  • the number of threads in the warp beam will preferably be higher than 3000, more preferably between 4,000 and 20,000.
  • the secondary yarn is placed in the warp as the main threads of the warp in a standard stretch (i.e. non-bistretch) denim fabric do not exhibit high shrinkage (from 3% to approximately 8%), whereas the stretch weft of the fabric exhibits high shrinkage (from a minimum of 15% even up to 50%).
  • the aforesaid warp beam is suitably prepared on standard fractional or sectional warpers, as in particular in the case of 2-ply yarns. In the case of one-ply yarns, these are preferably glued prior to the warping on the final beam, whereas the secondary yarn is preferably not glued.
  • warpers of a known type are preferably used.
  • the warp sequences used preferably comprise, in a portion periodically repeated on the width of the fabric, with a determined warp sequence, a main yarn and a secondary yarn.
  • the warp beam described is knotted to standard looms, for example a harness or Jacquard type, in a manner known per se.
  • the secondary yarn and the main yarns are suitably tensioned by tensioning one or more of the yarn feed rollers.
  • These feed rollers are subjected to tensions preferably varying within less than 5% of each other, and preferably said rollers are subjected to the same unwinding tension.
  • the main and secondary yarns, particularly made of cotton may be arranged on the same beam and the same rollers, so that they all have the same unwinding tension.
  • Said unwinding tension is preferably comprised between 100 and 450 kgp, i.e. approximately from 10 g to 50 g (grams weight) per thread if uniformly calculated on all threads.
  • a plurality of beams could also be used.
  • the secondary yarn and the main yarn would be separate, each on its own beam, and selected each time, and other beams with other types of yarns could be added in order to obtain special effects on the fabric thus produced.
  • each of said beams is suitable to contain other yarns, for example a third yarn suitable to provide different characteristics when the fabric is washed out, effects and patterns with different colours, or rather different shades can be created following the wash-out.
  • the subsequent weaving step is carried out with weaving cards by means of which denim-type fabrics are suitably obtained.
  • These weaving cards can be of a known type, e.g. of the single, twill type and the warp threads can be varied as desired among main yarn and secondary yarn, so as to create weave portions in which the warp interwoven with the weft defines shapes and patterns defined by a warp that can be washed out, i.e. comprising secondary yarns.
  • the fabric is made by placing the main and secondary yarns in the warp, and other yarns in the weft instead, the fabrics are made from fabrics on a tubular base, preferably with two layers but also with more than two layers, or from double face chain fabrics, preferably with two layers but also with more than two layers.
  • the right side, or upper layer, in the indigo background areas has a suitably heavy weave, i.e. with the chain mainly at the top on the right side and the weft at the bottom on the reverse side, and uses main yarn threads, i.e. solid dyed, preferably indigo-dyed, where the threads of the chain are exposed and the weft is hidden instead.
  • Diagonal weaves of different types are preferably used so as to enhance the typical diagonal of denim. Conveniently, for example, heavy 3 or 4 twills, heavy 6 twills, heavy 4-2 twills, and others, may be used according to needs and according to the desired enhancement of the diagonal. Other weaves may be used to obtain a higher or lower raising of the weft yarns with respect to the warp yarns so as to obtain patterns and aesthetic effects on the fabric in the background area.
  • the right side in the pattern areas is preferably obtained by replacing the main yarns in the weaves with secondary yarns and by using specific weaves which enhance, i.e. keep the secondary yarn more raised, or possibly hidden, i.e. more lowered than the other main yarns so as to create fabric portions comprising shapes or patterns defined by a fabric that can be washed out.
  • said upper layer is preferably bonded to said lower layer through at least one repeated stitching so that the two fabric layers do not open and create to all intents and purposes the sensation of being a single layer.
  • the repetition of the stitches will be preferably selected by bearing in mind the existing trade off to make a smaller number thereof in order not to bind the fabric too much and make it rigid and/or not comfortable and/or poorly elastic in the case of stretch fabrics, and, instead, of making a greater number thereof so as not to create layer opening effects and unpleasant bulges in the appearance and/or feel of the fabric and above all of the final washed-out garment.
  • the binding stitches for the tubular layers will tend to follow and possibly conveniently reveal, i.e. enhance, the preferably diagonal effect, but also other effects of the right side, without creating faults, lack of uniformity or unpleasant stitches that are visible on the right side.
  • the two faces of the warp on the right side of the fabric are made respectively by means of main yarns to create the background areas, and secondary yarns to make the pattern areas as also stated above.
  • the two faces are then mutually reversed by placing, in turn, one on the right side and the other on the reverse side, respectively, so as to create the desired different patterns or aesthetic effects.
  • the replacement of the main, preferably indigo yarns in the background area can be done by creating true areas of replacement of all main yarns with all secondary, preferably indigo yarns occurring in that area, thereby creating well defined patterns and graphic effects throughout the area involved, as described above.
  • the replacement of the main yarns with the secondary yarns can be carried out more preferably in another way, in which only a few main yarns are replaced in the area involved by respective secondary yarns.
  • This can be done by following a warp sequence for said replacement, which may be simple (i.e. with a short repetition rate) or more complex (i.e. with a longer repetition rate).
  • the rate of the warp sequence for the replacement of the main threads with the secondary threads can be as long as the same warp, i.e. random or apparently random, without any type of repetition throughout the width of the warp. In this way, the pattern effect will be more diluted or will create a lining with simple or more complex repetitions.
  • This additional method of replacing the main yarns with secondary, preferably streaked, cotton or Tencel yarns will create pattern streak effects or streak effects with very complex aesthetic effects that are invisible on the fabric and the garment made with the fabric according to the present invention before the wash-out, but will be revealed on the garment in those areas that will be sufficiently washed out during the garment washing process.
  • a first, standard type according to the prior art wherein the preferably indigo warp yarns and the preferably non-indigo weft yarns are raised more or less one on top of the other in order to obtain standard-type patterns and aesthetic effects according to the prior art.
  • a second type according to the present invention wherein in the preferably indigo warp yarns, however prepared and arranged according to the present invention and divided into main- and secondary-type yarns interwoven with the preferably non-indigo weft yarns, the main yarns and the secondary yarns are swapped so that the patterns and the aesthetic effects on the fabric are apparently the same as in the first, standard fabric types.
  • the main yarns will take on a darker colour, on the average, whereas the secondary ones will take on a lighter colour, on the average, in the garment areas where the wash-out effect has been sufficiently intense to create a colour effect perceivable by the human eye in the two types of yarns.
  • the two types of yarns will not have obtained a colour difference visible to the human eye and therefore no new type of pattern according to the present invention will be revealed.
  • a particular case of production of a fabric according to the invention is where the fabric is close-woven, i.e. without patterns of the first type described above, and only patterns and aesthetic effects of the second type are made thereon. Therefore, said fabric will have, before its wash-out, the appearance of a standard denim-like, close-woven fabric, and only after its wash-out will reveal the underlying pattern or aesthetic effects made according to the present invention only in the areas subject to a sufficiently intense wash-out.
  • Fig. 1 shows a weave which forms the bonded tubular background, with a main yarn effect with a thin diagonal weave and a well-bonded reverse side.
  • the four boxes identify the four possible combinations of horizontally odd (1) and even (2) weft threads and vertically odd (1) and even (2) chain threads, and the weaves which are applied to these combinations, respectively.
  • a warp sequence of the (A B ) type is used, where "A” is, for example, a main yarn of solid dyed cotton, "B” is a secondary yarn of indigo dyed cotton, and a weft sequence of the ( a b ) type is used, where "a” is a raw stretch nylon yarn and "b” is a raw stretch cotton yarn.
  • Fig. 2 instead, shows a weave which forms the pattern or aesthetic effect of the secondary yarn, again with a thin diagonal weave and a well-bonded reverse side identical to those of the background.
  • Fig.11 shows a fabric made with said background and pattern weaves.
  • Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 respectively, show other two weaves of the bonded tubular type suitable to create the background area and the pattern area, respectively, of another fabric according to the invention, which will have a stronger diagonal effect than the one previously described.
  • Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 instead, respectively show two weaves of the double face chain type suitable to create the background area and the pattern area, respectively, of another fabric according to the invention, which will have a thin diagonal.
  • the two boxes identify the two possible combinations of the weft thread alone (1) horizontally and the two odd (1) and even (2) chain threads vertically, and the weaves which are applied to these combinations, respectively.
  • a warp sequence of the (A B ) type is used, where "A” is, for example, a main yarn of indigo dyed cotton with high colour fixation, "B” is a secondary yarn of indigo dyed cotton without colour fixation, and a weft sequence of the ( a ) type is used, where "a” is a yarn of raw stretch T400 polyester.
  • Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 instead, respectively show two weaves of the double face chain type suitable to create the background area and the pattern area, respectively, of another fabric according to the invention, which will have a larger, more visible diagonal.
  • Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 instead, respectively show two weaves of the double face chain type suitable to create the background area and the pattern area, respectively, of another fabric according to the invention, which will have a larger, more visible diagonal.
  • A is, for example, a main yarn of indigo dyed cotton with high colour fixation
  • B is a secondary yarn of indigo dyed cotton without colour fixation
  • a weft sequence of the ( a ) type is used, where "a” is a yarn of cotton-coated raw stretch T400 polyester or a cotton core spun with stretch T400 as the inner core.
  • Fig. 12 and Fig. 13 instead, respectively show two weaves of the double face chain type suitable to create the background area and the pattern area, respectively, of another fabric according to the invention, which will have a thin diagonal.
  • a warp sequence of the (A B ) type is used, where "A” is, for example, a main yarn of sulfur black dyed streaked cotton with high colour fixation, "B” is a secondary yarn of sulfur black dyed streaked cotton without colour fixation, and a weft sequence of the ( a ) type is used, where "a” is a raw cotton non-stretch yarn.
  • a complex warp sequence is used for the exchange of the main and secondary yarns, where inside the sequence the main yarn designated as "A” is kept on the right side, whereas the main yarn designated as "B", instead, is exchanged with the secondary yarn.
  • the main yarn is arranged on the reverse side of the fabric only in the area of these "B" yarns, whereas the secondary yarn, which was on the reverse side, is arranged on the right side in its place, swapping places.
  • a surface processing step is preferably carried out, in which treatments known per se are applied, for example wash-out, chemical and/or mechanical treatments, or other processes which apply processing effects to the fabric, which give the fabric a surface wear effect.
  • the wash-out step allows the surfacing and thus the revealing of the effects defined by the secondary yarn surfacing on the right side that is washed out, whereas the main yarn maintains the original colouring and surface characteristics to a greater extent, as previously mentioned.
  • wash-out can contribute to varying the effects on the garment even when the fabric comprises one garment only.
  • the invention also includes an innovative fabric, preferably of the denim type, made with the method or the yarns described herein.
  • the invention also comprises a garment made with the fabric described herein.
  • the method according to the invention achieves important advantages.
  • the above-described method allows the making of denim fabrics including effects and patterns that emerge following a single wash-out step.
  • this aspect makes it possible to provide a fabric, which is less treated than common denim fabrics and also allows shapes and patterns to be created without using coloured weft yarns.
  • the fabric manufacturing process comprises or may comprise a single wash-out step.
  • the fabric manufacturing costs are therefore reduced, as is the garment manufacturing complexity, as well as the cost of any laser processing steps designed to define patterns on denim fabrics, which are commonly used to create particular effects and patterns.
  • Said fabric can also be obtained by means of machines of type comprising a single warp beam. These machines are more common and more cost effective than machines including a plurality of warp beams.
  • the materials, shapes and dimensions may be any materials, shapes and dimensions.

Claims (13)

  1. Un procédé pour fabriquer un tissu, choisi parmi un tissu de base tubulaire ou un tissu à double face en chaîne, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend :
    - l'utilisation de fils principaux dans la chaîne,
    - l'utilisation de fils secondaires dans la chaîne présentant une meilleure capacité de délavage que lesdits fils principaux,
    - une étape de traitement de la surface dudit tissu fini, adaptée pour appliquer des effets de délavage afin d'afficher un effet esthétique ou un motif prédéterminé sur la surface dudit tissu fini,
    caractérisé en ce que lesdits fils secondaires ont une valeur de solidité de la couleur au test de frottement humide selon l'ISO 105 A02 d'au moins un point inférieur à la valeur desdits fils principaux dans le même test.
  2. Le procédé selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel lesdits fils principaux ont une valeur de solidité de la couleur au test de frottement humide supérieure ou égale à 3 et lesdits fils secondaires ont une valeur de solidité de la couleur au test de frottement humide inférieure ou égale à 2.
  3. Le procédé selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel lesdits fils principaux sont des fils teints en pièce qui ne peuvent pas être délavés, et lesdits fils secondaires sont des fils qui peuvent être délavés.
  4. Le procédé selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, comprenant une pluralité de types desdits fils secondaires avec différents degrés de capacité de délavage.
  5. Le procédé selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, comprenant la fabrication d'au moins une ensouple comprenant lesdits fils secondaires et/ou lesdits fils principaux.
  6. Le procédé selon les revendications précédentes, comprenant une étape de tissage dans laquelle un tissu est fabriqué au moyen par ladite au moins une ensouple.
  7. Le procédé selon la revendication 5 ou 6, dans lequel ladite ensouple est fabriquée avec une base périodique composée d'au moins un desdits fils secondaires et d'un desdits fils principaux.
  8. Le procédé selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel lesdits fils principaux et/ou lesdits fils secondaires sont des fils à un ou deux brins et ont un titre de préférence compris entre 6/1 NE (984/1 dtex) et 120/1 NE (49/1 dtex) pour les fils à un brin et de préférence compris entre 12/2 NE (492/2 dtex) et 240/2 NE (25/2 dtex) pour les fils à deux brins.
  9. Le procédé selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel ledit fil secondaire est un fil à un brin avec un titre compris entre 8/1 NE (738/1 dtex) et 60/1 NE (98/1 dtex), et ledit fil principal est de préférence un fil à deux brins avec un titre de 16/2 NE (369/2 dtex) à 120/2 NE (49/2 dtex).
  10. Le procédé selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel lesdits fils principaux sont au nombre de deux pour chacun desdits fils secondaires.
  11. Le procédé selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel lesdits fils principaux et secondaires sont faits de coton.
  12. Le procédé selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel lesdits fils secondaires et lesdits fils principaux sont placés sur la même ensouple.
  13. Le procédé selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes et comprenant au moins la caractéristique de la revendication 6, dans lequel ladite étape de tissage aboutit à un tissu en denim.
EP19154611.8A 2019-01-30 2019-01-30 Procédé de fabrication d'un tissu Active EP3690098B1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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EP3690098A1 EP3690098A1 (fr) 2020-08-05
EP3690098B1 true EP3690098B1 (fr) 2024-04-17

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Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL6506343A (fr) * 1964-06-01 1965-12-02
CA1338950C (fr) * 1988-04-14 1997-03-04 Veratec, Inc. Installation et procede de creation de motifs sur des tissus par decoloration
JPH02127538A (ja) * 1988-11-07 1990-05-16 Mitsubishi Motors Corp ウール／化学繊維織物構造
KR100912834B1 (ko) * 2009-01-09 2009-08-18 조은효 상이한 농담의 스트라이프 패턴을 가지도록 직조된 직물 및상기 직물로 제작된 의복
KR101157181B1 (ko) * 2009-10-19 2012-06-20 조은효 다종염색사로 직조된 직물

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