EP3687862A1 - Arrangement of a sensor which has a sensor-active surface on an exterior attachment part of a vehicle - Google Patents

Arrangement of a sensor which has a sensor-active surface on an exterior attachment part of a vehicle

Info

Publication number
EP3687862A1
EP3687862A1 EP18736885.7A EP18736885A EP3687862A1 EP 3687862 A1 EP3687862 A1 EP 3687862A1 EP 18736885 A EP18736885 A EP 18736885A EP 3687862 A1 EP3687862 A1 EP 3687862A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sensor
arrangement
tension spring
vehicle
active
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP18736885.7A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Niels Keysberg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Audi AG
Original Assignee
Audi AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Audi AG filed Critical Audi AG
Publication of EP3687862A1 publication Critical patent/EP3687862A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R11/00—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
    • B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
    • B60R19/48—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects combined with, or convertible into, other devices or objects, e.g. bumpers combined with road brushes, bumpers convertible into beds
    • B60R19/483—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects combined with, or convertible into, other devices or objects, e.g. bumpers combined with road brushes, bumpers convertible into beds with obstacle sensors of electric or electronic type
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/93—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S13/931—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S17/93—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S17/931—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/027—Constructional details of housings, e.g. form, type, material or ruggedness
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4811—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements common to transmitter and receiver
    • G01S7/4813—Housing arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R11/00—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for
    • B60R2011/0042—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for characterised by mounting means
    • B60R2011/0043—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for characterised by mounting means for integrated articles, i.e. not substantially protruding from the surrounding parts
    • B60R2011/0045—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for characterised by mounting means for integrated articles, i.e. not substantially protruding from the surrounding parts with visible part, e.g. flush mounted
    • B60R2011/0047—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for characterised by mounting means for integrated articles, i.e. not substantially protruding from the surrounding parts with visible part, e.g. flush mounted using hidden fastening means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R11/00—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for
    • B60R2011/0042—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for characterised by mounting means
    • B60R2011/008—Adjustable or movable supports
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R11/00—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for
    • B60R2011/0042—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for characterised by mounting means
    • B60R2011/008—Adjustable or movable supports
    • B60R2011/0084—Adjustable or movable supports with adjustment by linear movement in their operational position
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/93—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S13/931—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • G01S2013/9327—Sensor installation details
    • G01S2013/93275—Sensor installation details in the bumper area

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement of a sensor-active surface having sensor on or behind an external attachment of a vehicle.
  • Arrangements of sensors for driver assistance systems, emergency brake assistants, etc., which are installed on a vehicle front or a vehicle rear in the region of a bumper, are known from the prior art.
  • Such sensors are, for example, proximity sensors, such as parking sensors or distance sensors and radars, night vision cameras, laser scanners, etc.
  • These sensors usually have an active sensor surface on the front and are installed, for example, in corresponding openings of the outer panel of the bumper in such a way that the active sensor surface is flush with the outer panel.
  • Such sensors which are very expensive, can be damaged in so-called parking bumps during a parking operation, ie in the case of weak collisions, whereby high repair costs can not be ruled out.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an arrangement of a sensor on or behind an external attachment, for example. On a bumper, so that a weak collision with a low collision speed in the low-speed range, the damage of such a sensor is prevented. This object is achieved by an arrangement having the features of patent claim 1.
  • Such an arrangement of a sensor-active surface having sensor on or behind an external attachment of a vehicle is formed with
  • the senor is displaceable from an active position to a protective position in the direction of the vehicle interior by means of the traction means in the event of an imminent sensed collision load case in the low-speed range and / or in the case of a sensed collision load case in the low-speed range, and
  • the sensor is displaced by means of the return means from the protective position back to the active position.
  • the traction means consisting of a shape memory alloy is thermally activated, whereby the traction means is shortened and thereby the sensor is pulled from its active position into its protective position by this traction means in the direction of the vehicle interior. In this protection position, the sensor will not be damaged if the weak collision occurs.
  • the sensor is moved by means of the return means from the protection position back to its active position, in which the sensor is fully functional again.
  • the active position of the sensor thus represents its position of use, in which he can perform his operational function.
  • the senor remains damaged in the event of a weak collision in the low-speed range. tion-free, as it is in the event of an imminent weak collision or a current weak collision in the protected from damage protection position. After such a collision, it is ensured by means of the return means that the sensor is moved back into its use position, ie into the active position, in order to be able to resume its operational function.
  • the traction means is designed as a tension spring.
  • it also lends itself to perform the return actuator as a conventional tension spring.
  • a restoring force is generated by the method of the sensor in the protective position by means of this tension spring, with which the sensor is displaced back into its active position.
  • the traction means is designed such that upon application of an electrical voltage, a shortening of the traction means is effected, whereby the sensor connected to the traction means from the active position is displaced into the protective position.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic side view of a first exemplary embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the arrangement according to FIG. 1
  • the embodiment of the arrangement 1 according to the invention with a sensor 2 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 is described by way of example on a front-side bumper as an external attachment 10 of a vehicle.
  • This exterior attachment 10 has a vehicle outer skin 10.1, which can also be realized as a radiator grille or as a bumper cover.
  • the sensor 2 is designed, for example, as a radar sensor or as a laser scanner.
  • the senor 2 is arranged on a bumper cross member 1 1 via a sensor guide 3 designed as a rail system 3.1 and can be displaced between an active position I shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and a protective position II indicated in FIG.
  • the sensor 2 performs its operational function, while the guard position II represents a position in which the sensor 2 is not damaged in collisions in the low-speed range.
  • a pedestrian protection deformation element 12 is arranged between the bumper cross member 1 1 and the vehicle outer skin 10.1 .
  • the front end of the sensor 2 projects with its active sensor surface 2.1 into a sensor opening 10.2, thereby closing flush with the vehicle outer skin 10.1.
  • an air gap between the sensor 2 and the sensor opening 10.2 is present.
  • the senor 2 can also be located behind a vehicle outer skin 10.1 (with or without distance therefrom and with or without a sensor opening 10.2) or opposite a larger sensor opening in the vehicle outer skin. or rearranged.
  • the rail guide 3.1 as a sensor guide 3, not only the displaceability of the sensor 2 but also its holder is realized.
  • the rail guide 3.1 consists of two in the vehicle longitudinal direction (x direction) parallel to the round rails 3.10, which are arranged between arranged on a support plate 3.1 1 end side end plates 3.12 spaced.
  • a sliding carriage 3.13 is arranged with a support plate 3.14, on which the sensor 2 is mounted.
  • On the opposite side to the sensor 2 side of the support plate 3.14 protrude two in the vehicle longitudinal direction (x-direction) spaced guide elements 3.15, each having guide holes 3.16 for receiving the round rails 3.10.
  • a tension spring 4.1 is arranged on the two round rails 3.10 of a shape memory alloy and is on the one hand with the rear end plate seen in the direction of travel F 3.12 connected and on the other hand with the seen in the direction of travel F back guide element 3.15 of the carriage 3.13 also connected
  • a tension spring 5.1 is also arranged in each case on the two round rails 3.10 and is on the one hand with the front end plate seen in the direction of travel 3.12 and on the other hand with the front seen in the direction of travel guide member 3.15 of the carriage 3.13 connected.
  • Shape memory alloys as active materials are special metallic materials that use a martensite phase at a lower temperature or a Austen itphase at higher temperature having a different crystal structure. Such shape memory alloys can be used as mechanical actuators in the form of a wire or a spring. Deformed martensitic shape memory alloys, when heated and converted to austenite, can return to their original undeformed shape and are able to exert a significant force in the process.
  • the tension springs 4.1 as traction means 4 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 each represent such a tension spring made of a shape memory alloy.
  • the tension springs 4.1 are in their martensite phase
  • the tension springs 5.1 designed as the usual passive element as return means 5 are in their rest position, in which no pulling force is generated.
  • tension springs 4.1 When the tension springs 4.1 are energized by applying a voltage generated by a voltage source, for example an on-board network of the vehicle, to the ends of the tension springs 4.1, they are heated and, while generating a tensile force acting on the carriages 3.13, leads to their shortening, as a result of which the carriage 3.13 and thus also the sensor 2 in the protective position II according to Figure 1 by a distance A (see Figure 1) is moved. At the same time serving as return means 5 tension spring 5.1 is stretched to generate a restoring force.
  • the guard position II represents a position of the sensor 2 in which the same is not damaged in a weak collision, that is, in collisions in the low-speed range.
  • the tension spring 4.1 is energized and thereby shortened while the sensor is displaced into its guard position II. This prevents damage in such a weak collision load case of the sensor 2.
  • the senor 2 After the weak collision and after the end of the energization of the mainspring 4.1, the sensor 2 is retracted again into its active position I by means of the return spring 5. 1, in which it can exert its operational function.
  • Such a weak collision load case occurs, for example, during a parking operation.
  • ultrasonic sensors detect as parking sensors during a parking a critical distance of, for example. Less than 0.5 m to an object in the immediate vicinity, the tension spring 4.1 is energized and thus the sensor 2 in its protective position II process, thereby damaging the For example, as a radar sensor or laser scanner designed to prevent sensor 2. With the completion of the parking process, the energization of the tension element 4.1 ends, so that then by means of the tension spring 5.1 running as reset element 5, the sensor is moved back into its active position I. Another realization of the protection of the sensor 2 by means of the arrangement 1 is that already at the beginning of a parking operation, the tension spring 4.1 is energized.
  • the tension spring 4.1 in a certain interval of a few Be energized for a second.
  • the time interval of the energization is on the one hand dependent on the temporal cooling behavior of the tension spring 4.1, d. H. slowly expands again, and on the other hand from the spring characteristic, d. H. the spring force of the tension spring 5.1.
  • a further parameter to be taken into account with regard to the energization duration of the tension spring 4.1 is the duration of a parking process.
  • the carriage 3.13 must remain in the protection position II together with the sensor 2 until the parking process is completed and the engine of the vehicle is turned off.
  • the exemplary embodiment described above with the arrangement 1 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 represents an active protection principle for the sensor 2 by means of the tension spring 4.1 produced by a shape memory material in that the displacement of the sensor 2 is actively effected by the energization of the tension spring 4.1.
  • the arrangement according to FIGS. 1 and 2 can also be used for a passive protection of the sensor 2, in that, when the ignition of the vehicle is switched off, in which no energizing of the tension spring 4.1 is possible, it is used as a passive compression spring.
  • a force F acts directly on the active sensor surface 2.1 of the sensor 2, whereby the sensor 2 directly from its active position I is moved in the direction of the protective position II according to FIG.
  • the tension spring 4.1 acts in this case as a passive compression spring and is compressed due to the external force F generating a restoring force. Due to the elastic property of the vehicle outer skin 10.1 this forms after the end of the load by the force F back to its original shape.
  • the sensor 2 is due to the restoring force generated by the shift from the active position I of the tension spring 4.1 and the tension spring 5.1 back in the direction of the active position I moved back until the carriage engages 3.13 again in its defined position.
  • the sensor 2 has thus regained its original active position I and is ready for operation again after the collision.
  • the traction means 4 which consists of a shape memory alloy, is designed as a tension spring 4.1.
  • the tension spring 4.1 the traction means 5 can also be designed as a spring clip, sheet metal or wire, with such elements can be connected in parallel or in series to ensure a large travel.
  • the use of a traction device 4 made of a shape memory alloy leads to the following advantages:

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an arrangement of a sensor (2) which has a sensor-active surface (2.1) on or behind an exterior attachment part (10) of a vehicle, comprising a sensor guide (3) with a traction means (4) made of a shape-memory alloy and a restoring means (5). The sensor (2) can be moved out of an active position (I) into a protected position (II) in the direction of the vehicle interior by means of the traction means (4) in the event of a detected impending collision in the low-speed range and/or in the event of a detected collision in the low-speed range, and the sensor (2) can be moved back into the active position (I) from the protected position (II) by means of the restoring means (5).

Description

Anordnung eines eine sensoraktive Fläche aufweisenden Sensors an einem Arrangement of a sensor-active surface having a sensor on a
Außenanbauteil eines Fahrzeugs Exterior attachment of a vehicle
BESCHREIBUNG: DESCRIPTION:
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Anordnung eines eine sensoraktive Fläche aufweisenden Sensors an einem oder hinter einem Außenanbauteil eines Fahrzeugs. Aus dem Stand der Technik sind Anordnungen von Sensoren für Fahrerassistenzsysteme, Notbremsassistenten usw. bekannt, die an einer Fahrzeugfront oder einem Fahrzeugheck im Bereich eines Stoßfängers verbaut sind. Solche Sensoren sind bspw. Näherungssensoren, wie Parksensoren oder Abstandssensoren sowie Radare, Nachtsichtkameras, Laserscanner usw. The invention relates to an arrangement of a sensor-active surface having sensor on or behind an external attachment of a vehicle. Arrangements of sensors for driver assistance systems, emergency brake assistants, etc., which are installed on a vehicle front or a vehicle rear in the region of a bumper, are known from the prior art. Such sensors are, for example, proximity sensors, such as parking sensors or distance sensors and radars, night vision cameras, laser scanners, etc.
Diese Sensoren weisen an der Vorderseite meistens eine aktive Sensorfläche auf und werden bspw. in entsprechende Öffnungen der Außenverkleidung des Stoßfängers derart eingebaut, dass die aktive Sensorfläche mit der Außenverkleidung flächenbündig ist. In nachteiliger Weise können solche Sensoren, die sehr teuer sind, bei sogenannten Parkremplern während eines Einparkvorganges, also bei schwachen Kollisionen, beschädigt werden, wodurch hohe Reparaturkosten nicht auszuschließen sind. Ferner bestehen unter bestimmten Rahmenbedingungen gesetzliche Anforderungen, die die Beschädigungen bestimmter Sensoren bei Parkremplern verbieten. Dies führt zu Verbaupositionen, die hinsichtlich der Sensorfunktion ungünstig sind und auch designerische Nachteile haben. These sensors usually have an active sensor surface on the front and are installed, for example, in corresponding openings of the outer panel of the bumper in such a way that the active sensor surface is flush with the outer panel. Disadvantageously, such sensors, which are very expensive, can be damaged in so-called parking bumps during a parking operation, ie in the case of weak collisions, whereby high repair costs can not be ruled out. Furthermore, there are legal requirements under certain conditions that prohibit the damage of certain sensors at parking bumps. This leads to installation positions that are unfavorable in terms of the sensor function and also have design disadvantages.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Anordnung eines Sensors an einem oder hinter einem Außenanbauteil, bspw. an einem Stoßfänger anzugeben, so dass bei einer schwachen Kollision mit einer geringen Kollisionsgeschwindigkeit im Niedriggeschwindigkeitsbereich die Beschädigung eines solchen Sensors verhindert wird. Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch eine Anordnung mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 . The object of the invention is to provide an arrangement of a sensor on or behind an external attachment, for example. On a bumper, so that a weak collision with a low collision speed in the low-speed range, the damage of such a sensor is prevented. This object is achieved by an arrangement having the features of patent claim 1.
Eine solche Anordnung eines eine sensoraktive Fläche aufweisenden Sensors an einem oder hinter einem Außenanbauteil eines Fahrzeugs ist ausge- bildet mit Such an arrangement of a sensor-active surface having sensor on or behind an external attachment of a vehicle is formed with
- einer Sensorführung mit einem Zugmittel aus einer Formgedächtnislegierung und einem Rückstellmittel, wobei  - A sensor guide with a traction means of a shape memory alloy and a return means, wherein
- der Sensor mittels des Zugmittels bei einem bevorstehenden sensierten Kollisionslastfall im Niedriggeschwindigkeitsbereich und/oder bei einem sen- sierten Kollisionslastfall im Niedriggeschwindigkeitsbereich aus einer Aktivposition in eine Schutzposition in Richtung des Fahrzeuginnenraums verschiebbar ist, und  the sensor is displaceable from an active position to a protective position in the direction of the vehicle interior by means of the traction means in the event of an imminent sensed collision load case in the low-speed range and / or in the case of a sensed collision load case in the low-speed range, and
- der Sensor mittels des Rückstellmittels aus der Schutzposition zurück in die Aktivposition verschiebbar ist.  - The sensor is displaced by means of the return means from the protective position back to the active position.
Bei einer bevorstehenden oder aktuellen schwachen Kollision, d. h. im Niedriggeschwindigkeitsbereich von weniger als 4 km/h wird das aus einer Formgedächtnislegierung bestehende Zugmittel thermisch aktiviert, wodurch das Zugmittel verkürzt und dadurch der Sensor aus dessen Aktivposition in des- sen Schutzposition von diesem Zugmittel in Richtung des Fahrzeuginnenraums gezogen wird. In dieser Schutzposition wird der Sensor bei Eintritt der schwachen Kollision nicht beschädigt. Der Sensor wird mittels des Rückstellmittels aus der Schutzposition zurück in seine Aktivposition verschoben, in welcher der Sensor wieder vollständig funktionsfähig ist. Die Aktivposition des Sensors stellt damit seine Gebrauchsposition dar, in welcher er seine betriebsgemäße Funktion ausführen kann. In the event of an impending or current weak collision, i. H. In the low-speed range of less than 4 km / h, the traction means consisting of a shape memory alloy is thermally activated, whereby the traction means is shortened and thereby the sensor is pulled from its active position into its protective position by this traction means in the direction of the vehicle interior. In this protection position, the sensor will not be damaged if the weak collision occurs. The sensor is moved by means of the return means from the protection position back to its active position, in which the sensor is fully functional again. The active position of the sensor thus represents its position of use, in which he can perform his operational function.
Mit einer solchen erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung bleibt der Sensor im Fall einer schwachen Kollision im Niedriggeschwindigkeitsbereich beschädi- gungsfrei, da er sich bei einer drohenden schwachen Kollision oder einer aktuellen schwachen Kollision in der vor Beschädigungen geschützten Schutzposition befindet. Nach einer solchen Kollision wird mittels des Rückstellmittels sichergestellt, dass der Sensor wieder in dessen Gebrauchsposi- tion, also in die Aktivposition zurück verschoben wird, um seine betriebsgemäße Funktion wieder aufnehmen zu können. With such an arrangement according to the invention, the sensor remains damaged in the event of a weak collision in the low-speed range. tion-free, as it is in the event of an imminent weak collision or a current weak collision in the protected from damage protection position. After such a collision, it is ensured by means of the return means that the sensor is moved back into its use position, ie into the active position, in order to be able to resume its operational function.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn weiterbildungsgemäß das Zugmittel als Zugfeder ausgebildet ist. Vorzugsweise bietet es sich auch an, das Rück- Stellmittel als übliche Zugfeder auszuführen. Damit wird mit dem Verfahren des Sensors in die Schutzposition mittels dieser Zugfeder eine Rückstellkraft erzeugt, mit welcher der Sensor wieder zurück in dessen Aktivposition verschiebbar ist. Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist das Zugmittel derart ausgebildet, dass bei Anlegen einer elektrischen Spannung ein Verkürzen des Zugmittels bewirkt wird, wodurch der mit dem Zugmittel verbundene Sensor aus der Aktivposition in die Schutzposition verschiebbar ist. It is particularly advantageous if, as a further development, the traction means is designed as a tension spring. Preferably, it also lends itself to perform the return actuator as a conventional tension spring. Thus, a restoring force is generated by the method of the sensor in the protective position by means of this tension spring, with which the sensor is displaced back into its active position. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the traction means is designed such that upon application of an electrical voltage, a shortening of the traction means is effected, whereby the sensor connected to the traction means from the active position is displaced into the protective position.
Besonders vorteilhaft und konstruktiv einfach zu realisieren ist eine Ausführung der Sensorführung als Schienensystem, mit welchem der Sensor gehalten und zwischen der Aktivposition und der Schutzposition verschiebbar ist. Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Ansprüchen, der nachfolgenden Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsformen sowie anhand der Zeichnungen. Dabei zeigen: eine schematische Seitenansicht eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung, und Particularly advantageous and structurally simple to implement is an embodiment of the sensor guide as a rail system, with which the sensor is held and is displaceable between the active position and the protective position. Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the claims, the following description of preferred embodiments and from the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a schematic side view of a first exemplary embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention, and FIG
Figur 2 eine Draufsicht auf die Anordnung nach Figur 1 Das Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung 1 mit einem Sensor 2 gemäß den Figuren 1 und 2 ist beispielhaft an einem frontseitigen Stoßfänger als Außenanbauteil 10 eines Fahrzeugs beschrieben. Dieses Außenanbauteil 10 weist eine Fahrzeugaußenhaut 10.1 auf, die auch als Kühlerschutzgitter oder als Stoßfängerüberzug realisierbar ist. Der Sensor 2 ist bspw. als Radarsensor oder als Laserscanner ausgeführt. FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the arrangement according to FIG. 1 The embodiment of the arrangement 1 according to the invention with a sensor 2 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 is described by way of example on a front-side bumper as an external attachment 10 of a vehicle. This exterior attachment 10 has a vehicle outer skin 10.1, which can also be realized as a radiator grille or as a bumper cover. The sensor 2 is designed, for example, as a radar sensor or as a laser scanner.
Gemäß den Figuren 1 und 2 ist der Sensor 2 über eine als Schienensystem 3.1 ausgeführte Sensorführung 3 auf einem Stoßfängerquerträger 1 1 ange- ordnet und zwischen einer entsprechend den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellten Aktivposition I und einer in Figur 1 angedeuteten Schutzposition II verschiebbar. In der Aktivposition I führt der Sensor 2 seine betriebsgemäße Funktion aus, während die Schutzposition II eine Position darstellt, in welcher der Sensor 2 bei Kollisionen im Niedriggeschwindigkeitsbereich nicht beschädigt wird. According to FIGS. 1 and 2, the sensor 2 is arranged on a bumper cross member 1 1 via a sensor guide 3 designed as a rail system 3.1 and can be displaced between an active position I shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and a protective position II indicated in FIG. In the active position I, the sensor 2 performs its operational function, while the guard position II represents a position in which the sensor 2 is not damaged in collisions in the low-speed range.
Zwischen dem Stoßfängerquerträger 1 1 und der Fahrzeugaußenhaut 10.1 ist ein Fußgängerschutzdeformationselement 12 angeordnet. In der Aktivposition I ragt das frontseitige Ende des Sensors 2 mit dessen aktiven Sensorfläche 2.1 in eine Sensoröffnung 10.2 und schließt dabei flächenbündig mit der Fahrzeugaußenhaut 10.1 ab. Aus Toleranzgründen sowie aufgrund der Verschiebbarkeit des Sensors 2 ist ein Luftspalt zwischen dem Sensor 2 und der Sensoröffnung 10.2 vorhanden. Between the bumper cross member 1 1 and the vehicle outer skin 10.1 a pedestrian protection deformation element 12 is arranged. In the active position I, the front end of the sensor 2 projects with its active sensor surface 2.1 into a sensor opening 10.2, thereby closing flush with the vehicle outer skin 10.1. For tolerance reasons and due to the displaceability of the sensor 2, an air gap between the sensor 2 and the sensor opening 10.2 is present.
Alternativ zur Flächenbündigkeit der aktiven Sensorfläche 2.1 des Sensors 2 mit der Sensoröffnung 10.2 kann sich der Sensor 2 auch hinter einer Fahrzeugaußenhaut 10.1 (mit oder ohne Abstand zu derselben sowie mit oder ohne eine Sensoröffnung 10.2) befinden oder gegenüber einer größeren Sensoröffnung in der Fahrzeugaußenhaut vor- oder zurückverlagert angeordnet sein. Alternatively to the surface flushing of the active sensor surface 2.1 of the sensor 2 with the sensor opening 10.2, the sensor 2 can also be located behind a vehicle outer skin 10.1 (with or without distance therefrom and with or without a sensor opening 10.2) or opposite a larger sensor opening in the vehicle outer skin. or rearranged.
Mit der Schienenführung 3.1 als Sensorführung 3 wird nicht nur die Verschiebbarkeit des Sensors 2 sondern auch dessen Halterung realisiert. Die Schienenführung 3.1 besteht aus zwei in Fahrzeuglängsrichtung (x- Richtung) parallel verlaufenden Rundschienen 3.10, die zwischen an einer Trägerplatte 3.1 1 endseitig angeordneten Endplatten 3.12 beabstandet an- geordnet sind. Auf diesen beiden Rundschienen 3.10 ist ein verschiebbarer Schlitten 3.13 mit einer Tragplatte 3.14 angeordnet, auf welcher der Sensor 2 montiert ist. Auf der zum Sensor 2 gegenüberliegenden Seite der Tragplatte 3.14 ragen zwei in Fahrzeuglängsrichtung (x-Richtung) beabstandete Führungselemente 3.15 ab, die jeweils Führungsbohrungen 3.16 zur Aufnahme der Rundschienen 3.10 aufweisen. Über diese Führungsbohrungen 3.16 der beiden Führungselemente 3.15 ist der Schlitten 3.13 und damit der Sensor 2 entlang den Rundschienen 3.10 in Fahrzeuglängsrichtung (x-Richtung) verschiebbar. Ferner weist die Schienenführung 3.1 als Sensorführung 3 ein Zugmittel 4 aus einer Formgedächtnislegierung in Form einer Zugfeder 4.1 und ein Rückstellmittel 5 ebenso in Form einer Zugfeder 5.1 auf. Auf einer der beiden Rundschienen 3.10 der Schieberführung 3.1 können diese beiden Zugfedern 4.1 und 5.1 angeordnet werden. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, auf beiden Rundschienen 3.10 jeweils eine Zugfeder 4.1 und einen Zugfeder 5.1 anzuordnen, wie dies in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellt ist. With the rail guide 3.1 as a sensor guide 3, not only the displaceability of the sensor 2 but also its holder is realized. The rail guide 3.1 consists of two in the vehicle longitudinal direction (x direction) parallel to the round rails 3.10, which are arranged between arranged on a support plate 3.1 1 end side end plates 3.12 spaced. On these two round rails 3.10 a sliding carriage 3.13 is arranged with a support plate 3.14, on which the sensor 2 is mounted. On the opposite side to the sensor 2 side of the support plate 3.14 protrude two in the vehicle longitudinal direction (x-direction) spaced guide elements 3.15, each having guide holes 3.16 for receiving the round rails 3.10. About these guide holes 3.16 of the two guide elements 3.15 of the carriage 3.13 and thus the sensor 2 along the round rails 3.10 in the vehicle longitudinal direction (x-direction) is displaceable. Furthermore, the rail guide 3.1 as a sensor guide 3, a traction means 4 made of a shape memory alloy in the form of a tension spring 4.1 and a return means 5 also in the form of a tension spring 5.1. On one of the two round rails 3.10 of the slide guide 3.1, these two tension springs 4.1 and 5.1 can be arranged. However, it is also possible to arrange on both round rails 3.10 each have a tension spring 4.1 and a tension spring 5.1, as shown in Figures 1 and 2.
Gemäß den Figuren 1 und 2 ist jeweils eine Zugfeder 4.1 aus einer Formgedächtnislegierung auf den beiden Rundschienen 3.10 angeordnet und ist zum einen mit der in Fahrtrichtung F gesehen rückseitigen Endplatte 3.12 verbunden und andererseits mit dem in Fahrtrichtung F gesehen rückseitigen Führungselement 3.15 des Schlittens 3.13 ebenso verbunden. Eine Zugfeder 5.1 ist ebenso jeweils auf den beiden Rundschienen 3.10 angeordnet und ist zum einen mit der in Fahrtrichtung gesehen frontseitigen Endplatte 3.12 und andererseits mit dem in Fahrtrichtung gesehen frontseitigen Führungselement 3.15 des Schlittens 3.13 verbunden. According to Figures 1 and 2 respectively a tension spring 4.1 is arranged on the two round rails 3.10 of a shape memory alloy and is on the one hand with the rear end plate seen in the direction of travel F 3.12 connected and on the other hand with the seen in the direction of travel F back guide element 3.15 of the carriage 3.13 also connected , A tension spring 5.1 is also arranged in each case on the two round rails 3.10 and is on the one hand with the front end plate seen in the direction of travel 3.12 and on the other hand with the front seen in the direction of travel guide member 3.15 of the carriage 3.13 connected.
Formgedächtnislegierungen als aktive Werkstoffe sind spezielle metallische Werkstoffe, die eine Martensitphase bei niedrigerer Temperatur oder eine Austen itphase bei höherer Temperatur mit einer anderen Kristallstruktur aufweisen. Solche Formgedächtnislegierungen können als mechanische Aktoren in Form eines Drahtes oder einer Feder verwendet werden. Verformte martensitische Formgedächtnislegierungen können bei Erwärmen und Um- wandeln zu Austenit zu ihrer ursprünglichen unverformten Gestalt zurückkehren und sind in der Lage, dabei eine nennenswerte Kraft auszuüben. Shape memory alloys as active materials are special metallic materials that use a martensite phase at a lower temperature or a Austen itphase at higher temperature having a different crystal structure. Such shape memory alloys can be used as mechanical actuators in the form of a wire or a spring. Deformed martensitic shape memory alloys, when heated and converted to austenite, can return to their original undeformed shape and are able to exert a significant force in the process.
Verkürzt sich die Länge der aus einer Formgedächtnislegierung hergestellten Feder bei einer Erhöhung der Temperatur, dient sie als Zugfeder. Die Zugfe- dem 4.1 als Zugmittel 4 gemäß den Figuren 1 und 2 stellen jeweils eine solche Zugfeder aus einer Formgedächtnislegierung dar. Shortening the length of the spring made of a shape memory alloy with an increase in temperature, it serves as a tension spring. The tension springs 4.1 as traction means 4 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 each represent such a tension spring made of a shape memory alloy.
In der Aktivposition I des Sensors 2 gemäß den Figuren 1 und 2 befinden sich die Zugfedern 4.1 in ihrer Martensitphase, die als übliches passives Element ausgeführten Zugfedern 5.1 als Rückstellmittel 5 befinden sich in deren Ruheposition, in welcher keine Zugkraft erzeugt wird. In the active position I of the sensor 2 according to FIGS. 1 and 2, the tension springs 4.1 are in their martensite phase, the tension springs 5.1 designed as the usual passive element as return means 5 are in their rest position, in which no pulling force is generated.
Bei einer Bestromung der Zugfedern 4.1 durch Anlegen einer von einer Spannungsquelle, bspw. eines Bordnetzes des Fahrzeugs erzeugten Span- nung an die Enden der Zugfedern 4.1 werden diese erwärmt und führt unter Erzeugung einer auf den Schlitten 3.13 wirkenden Zugkraft zu deren Verkürzung, wodurch der Schlitten 3.13 und damit auch der Sensor 2 in die Schutzposition II gemäß Figur 1 um eine Strecke A (vgl. Figur 1 ) verschoben wird. Gleichzeitig wird die als Rückstellmittel 5 dienende Zugfeder 5.1 zur Erzeugung einer Rückstell kraft gespannt. Die Schutzposition II stellt eine Position des Sensors 2 dar, in welcher derselbe bei einer schwachen Kollisionen, also bei Kollisionen im Niedriggeschwindigkeitsbereich nicht beschädigt wird. Nach dem Ende der Bestromung der Zugfeder 4.1 kühlt sich diese ab und beginnt damit wieder ihre ursprüngliche Form einzunehmen, d. h. sich auf ihre ursprüngliche Länge auszudehnen. Gleichzeitig wirkt die von der Zugfeder 5.1 erzeugte Rückstellkraft auf den Schlitten 3.13, indem dieser zusammen mit dem Sensor 2 in dessen Aktivposition I zurückgezogen wird. Um eine definierte Position des Schlittens 3.13 in der Aktivposition I des Sensors 2 sicherzustellen, wird der Schlitten 3.13 seitlich mit einem Clipselement oder einer Arretierkugel fixiert. Diese Fixierung wird mit dem Ver- schieben aufgrund der von der bestromten Zugfeder 4.1 erzeugten Zugkraft gelöst. Mit dem Zurückfahren des Schlittens 3.13 zusammen mit dem Sensor 2 in dessen Aktivposition II mittels der Rückstell kraft des als Zugfeder 5.1 ausgeführten Rückstellmittels 5 rastet der Schlitten 3.13 mittels des Clipselementes oder der Arretierkupel wieder in die definierte Position ein. When the tension springs 4.1 are energized by applying a voltage generated by a voltage source, for example an on-board network of the vehicle, to the ends of the tension springs 4.1, they are heated and, while generating a tensile force acting on the carriages 3.13, leads to their shortening, as a result of which the carriage 3.13 and thus also the sensor 2 in the protective position II according to Figure 1 by a distance A (see Figure 1) is moved. At the same time serving as return means 5 tension spring 5.1 is stretched to generate a restoring force. The guard position II represents a position of the sensor 2 in which the same is not damaged in a weak collision, that is, in collisions in the low-speed range. After the end of the energization of the tension spring 4.1, this cools and begins again to take their original shape, ie to expand to its original length. At the same time the restoring force generated by the tension spring 5.1 acts on the carriage 3.13, by this is retracted together with the sensor 2 in its active position I. In order to ensure a defined position of the carriage 3.13 in the active position I of the sensor 2, the carriage 3.13 is fixed laterally with a clip element or a locking ball. This fixation is achieved with the displacement due to the tensile force generated by the energized tension spring 4.1. With the return of the carriage 3.13 together with the sensor 2 in its active position II by means of the restoring force of the tension spring 5.1 running as a return means 5, the carriage engages 3.13 by means of the clip element or the locking again in the defined position.
Bei einem bevorstehenden mittels eines geeigneten Sensors sensierten Kollisionslastfall im Niedriggeschwindigkeitsbereich und/oder bei einem aktuell sensierten Kollisionslastfall im Niedriggeschwindigkeitsbereich wird die Zugfeder 4.1 bestromt und dadurch unter Verschiebung des Sensors in dessen Schutzposition II verkürzt. Damit wird eine Beschädigung bei einem solchen schwachen Kollisionslastfall des Sensors 2 verhindert. In the case of an imminent collision load case sensed by a suitable sensor in the low-speed range and / or in a currently sensed collision load case in the low-speed range, the tension spring 4.1 is energized and thereby shortened while the sensor is displaced into its guard position II. This prevents damage in such a weak collision load case of the sensor 2.
Nach der schwachen Kollision und nach dem Ende der Bestromung der Zugfeder 4.1 wird mittels des als Zugfeder 5.1 ausgeführten Rückstellmittels 5 der Sensor 2 wieder in seine Aktivposition I zurückgezogen, in welcher er seine betriebsgemäße Funktion wieder ausüben kann. After the weak collision and after the end of the energization of the mainspring 4.1, the sensor 2 is retracted again into its active position I by means of the return spring 5. 1, in which it can exert its operational function.
Ein solcher schwacher Kollisionslastfall tritt bspw. bei einem Einparkvorgang auf. Such a weak collision load case occurs, for example, during a parking operation.
Falls Ultraschallsensoren als Parksensoren während eines Einparkvorganges eine kritische Entfernung von bspw. weniger als 0,5 m zu einem Objekt in direkter Umgebung detektieren, wird die Zugfeder 4.1 bestromt und damit der Sensor 2 in dessen Schutzposition II verfahren, um dadurch eine Be- Schädigung des bspw. als Radarsensor oder als Laserscanner ausgeführten Sensors 2 zu verhindern. Mit dem Abschluss des Parkvorganges endet auch die Bestromung des Zugelementes 4.1 , so dass anschließend mittels des als Zugfeder 5.1 ausgeführten Rückstellelementes 5 der Sensor wieder in seine Aktivposition I verschoben wird. Eine andere Realisierung des Schutzes des Sensors 2 mittels der Anordnung 1 besteht darin, dass bereits mit dem Beginn eines Einparkvorganges die Zugfeder 4.1 bestromt wird. Damit wird bereits vorsorglich bei einem möglicherweise auftretenden Auffahrunfall im Niedriggeschwindigkeitsbe- reich eine Beschädigung des Sensors 2 verhindert. Mit dem Ende des Einparkvorganges endet auch die Bestromung der Zugfeder 4.1 und damit wird mittels des als Zugfeder 5.1 ausgeführten Zugmittels 5 der Sensor 2 wieder in seine Aktivposition I zurückgeführt. If ultrasonic sensors detect as parking sensors during a parking a critical distance of, for example. Less than 0.5 m to an object in the immediate vicinity, the tension spring 4.1 is energized and thus the sensor 2 in its protective position II process, thereby damaging the For example, as a radar sensor or laser scanner designed to prevent sensor 2. With the completion of the parking process, the energization of the tension element 4.1 ends, so that then by means of the tension spring 5.1 running as reset element 5, the sensor is moved back into its active position I. Another realization of the protection of the sensor 2 by means of the arrangement 1 is that already at the beginning of a parking operation, the tension spring 4.1 is energized. This prevents damage to the sensor 2 as a precaution in the event of a possibly occurring rear-end collision in the low-speed range. With the end of the parking process, the energization of the tension spring ends 4.1 and thus the sensor 2 is returned to its active position I by means of the traction device 5 is designed as a tension spring 5.1.
Da mit der durch das Abkühlen der Zugfeder 4.1 bedingten Zunahme von deren Länge und mit der Rückstell kraft des als Zugfeder 5.1 ausgeführten Rückstellmittels 5 der Schlitten 3.13 mit dem Sensor 2 in die Aktivposition I zurückgeführt wird, muss die Zugfeder 4.1 in einem gewissen Intervall von wenigen Sekunden bestromt werden. Das Zeitintervall der Bestromung ist einerseits abhängig von dem zeitlichen Abkühlverhalten der Zugfeder 4.1 , d. h. dehnt sich langsam wieder aus, und andererseits von der Federkennlinie, d. h. der Federkraft der Zugfeder 5.1 . Ein weiter zu berücksichtigender Parameter hinsichtlich der Bestromungsdauer der Zugfeder 4.1 ist die Dauer eines Einparkvorganges. Der Schlitten 3.13 muss zusammen mit dem Sensor 2 so lange in der Schutzposition II stehen bleiben, bis der Einparkvorgang abgeschlossen und der Motor des Fahrzeugs abgestellt ist. As with the conditional by the cooling of the mainspring 4.1 increase of the length and with the restoring force of the return spring designed as a spring 5.1 return means 5 of the carriage 3.13 is returned to the sensor 2 in the active position I, the tension spring 4.1 in a certain interval of a few Be energized for a second. The time interval of the energization is on the one hand dependent on the temporal cooling behavior of the tension spring 4.1, d. H. slowly expands again, and on the other hand from the spring characteristic, d. H. the spring force of the tension spring 5.1. A further parameter to be taken into account with regard to the energization duration of the tension spring 4.1 is the duration of a parking process. The carriage 3.13 must remain in the protection position II together with the sensor 2 until the parking process is completed and the engine of the vehicle is turned off.
Das oben beschriebene Ausführungsbeispiel mit der Anordnung 1 gemäß den Figuren 1 und 2 stellt ein mittels der mit einem Formgedächtnismaterial hergestellten Zugfeder 4.1 ein aktives Schutzprinzip für den Sensor 2 dar, indem die Verschiebung des Sensors 2 aktiv durch die Bestromung der Zugfeder 4.1 erfolgt. Die Anordnung gemäß den Figuren 1 und 2 kann auch für einen passiven Schutz des Sensors 2 genutzt werden, indem bei ausgeschalteter Zündung des Fahrzeugs, in welcher keine Bestromung der Zugfeder 4.1 möglich ist, diese als passive Druckfeder benutzt wird. Bei einer schwachen Kollision des Fahrzeugs mit einem anderen Fahrzeug, einer Person oder einem Gegenstand in Richtung des Fahrzeuginneren, also in Fahrzeuglängsrichtung entgegen der Fahrtrichtung F wirkt eine Kraft F direkt auf die aktive Sensorfläche 2.1 des Sensors 2, wodurch der Sensor 2 direkt aus seiner Aktivposition I gemäß Figur 1 in Richtung der Schutzposition II verschoben wird. Die Zugfeder 4.1 wirkt in diesem Fall als passive Druckfeder und wird aufgrund der externen Kraft F unter Erzeugung einer Rückstell kraft zusammengedrückt. Aufgrund der elastischen Eigenschaft der Fahrzeugaußenhaut 10.1 formt sich diese nach dem Ende der Belastung durch die Kraft F in die ursprüngliche Form zurück. Gleichzeitig wird auch der Sensor 2 aufgrund der durch die Verschiebung aus der Aktivposition I erzeugten Rückstell kraft der Zugfeder 4.1 als auch der Zugfeder 5.1 wieder in Richtung der Aktivposition I zurück verschoben, bis der Schlitten 3.13 wieder in seine definierte Position einrastet. Damit hat der Sensor 2 seine ursprüng- liehe Aktivposition I zurückerlangt und ist nach der Kollision wieder funktionsbereit. The exemplary embodiment described above with the arrangement 1 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 represents an active protection principle for the sensor 2 by means of the tension spring 4.1 produced by a shape memory material in that the displacement of the sensor 2 is actively effected by the energization of the tension spring 4.1. The arrangement according to FIGS. 1 and 2 can also be used for a passive protection of the sensor 2, in that, when the ignition of the vehicle is switched off, in which no energizing of the tension spring 4.1 is possible, it is used as a passive compression spring. In a weak collision of the vehicle with another vehicle, a person or an object in the direction of the vehicle interior, ie in the vehicle longitudinal direction against the direction F, a force F acts directly on the active sensor surface 2.1 of the sensor 2, whereby the sensor 2 directly from its active position I is moved in the direction of the protective position II according to FIG. The tension spring 4.1 acts in this case as a passive compression spring and is compressed due to the external force F generating a restoring force. Due to the elastic property of the vehicle outer skin 10.1 this forms after the end of the load by the force F back to its original shape. At the same time, the sensor 2 is due to the restoring force generated by the shift from the active position I of the tension spring 4.1 and the tension spring 5.1 back in the direction of the active position I moved back until the carriage engages 3.13 again in its defined position. The sensor 2 has thus regained its original active position I and is ready for operation again after the collision.
In dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß den Figuren 1 und 2 ist das aus einer Formgedächtnislegierung bestehende Zugmittel 4 als Zugfeder 4.1 ausgebil- det. Anstelle der Zugfeder 4.1 kann das Zugmittel 5 auch als Federbügel, Blech oder als Draht ausgeführt werden, wobei zur Sicherstellung eines großen Stellweges solche Elemente parallel oder in Reihe geschaltet werden können. Die Verwendung eines Zugmittels 4 aus einer Formgedächtnislegierung führt zu folgenden Vorteilen: In the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2, the traction means 4, which consists of a shape memory alloy, is designed as a tension spring 4.1. Instead of the tension spring 4.1, the traction means 5 can also be designed as a spring clip, sheet metal or wire, with such elements can be connected in parallel or in series to ensure a large travel. The use of a traction device 4 made of a shape memory alloy leads to the following advantages:
- Übertragung großer Kräfte,  - transmission of large forces,
- Gewährleistung der Funktion über mehrere Millionen Zyklen,  - Ensuring the function over several million cycles,
- große spezifische Arbeitsvermögen im Vergleich zu anderen Aktor- Prinzipien,  - large specific work capacities compared to other actuator principles,
- geringer Bauraum,  - small space,
- hohes Dämpfungsvermögen,  - high damping capacity,
- geräuschlos, - noiseless,
- geringer Ausfallwahrscheinlichkeit, und - kostengünstige Realisierung. - low probability of default, and - cost-effective realization.
BEZUGSZEICHEN: REFERENCE NUMBERS:
1 Anordnung 1 arrangement
2 Sensor 2 sensor
2.1 sensoraktive Fläche des Sensors 2  2.1 Sensor-active surface of the sensor 2
3 Sensorführung 3 sensor guidance
3.1 Schienensystem 3.1 Rail system
3.10 Rundschiene des Schienensystenns 3.1  3.10 Round rail of the rail system 3.1
3.1 1 Trägerplatte des Schienensystenns 3.1 3.1 1 Support plate of the rail system 3.1
3.12 Endplatte des Schienensystenns 3.1  3.12 End plate of the rail system 3.1
3.13 Schlitten des Finanzsystems 3.1  3.13 Sleds of the financial system 3.1
3.14 Tragplatte des Schlittens 3.13  3.14 Support plate of the carriage 3.13
3.15 Führungselement des Schlittens 3.13  3.15 Guide element of the carriage 3.13
3.16 Führungsöffnungen des Führungselementes 3.15 3.16 Guide openings of the guide element 3.15
4 Zugmittel aus einer Formgedächtnislegierung 4.1 Zugfeder 5 Rückstellmittel 4 traction means of a shape memory alloy 4.1 tension spring 5 return means
5.1 Zugfeder 5.1 tension spring
10 Außenanbauteil eines Fahrzeugs 10 Exterior attachment of a vehicle
10.1 Fahrzeugaußenhaut 10.1 Vehicle outer skin
10.2 Sensoröffnung 10.2 Sensor opening
1 1 Stoßfängerquerträger  1 1 bumper cross member
12 Fußgängerschutzdeformationselement  12 pedestrian protection deformation element

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE:  CLAIMS:
Anordnung (1 ) eines eine sensoraktive Fläche (2.1 ) aufweisenden Sensors (2) an einem oder hinter einem Außenanbauteil (10) eines Fahrzeugs mit Arrangement (1) of a sensor-active surface (2.1) having sensor (2) on or behind an external attachment (10) of a vehicle with
- einer Sensorführung (3) mit einem Zugmittel (4) aus einer Formgedächtnislegierung und einem Rückstellmittel (5), wobei  - A sensor guide (3) with a traction means (4) made of a shape memory alloy and a return means (5), wherein
- der Sensor (2) mittels des Zugmittels (4) bei einem bevorstehenden sensierten Kollisionslastfall im Niednggeschwindigkeitsbereich und/oder bei einem sensierten Kollisionslastfall im Niednggeschwindigkeitsbereich aus einer Aktivposition (I) in eine Schutzposition (II) in Richtung des Fahrzeuginnenraums verschiebbar ist, und  - The sensor (2) by means of the traction means (4) in an upcoming sensed collision load case in Niednggeschwindigkeitsbereich and / or in a sensed Kollisionslastfall in niednggeschwindigkeitsbereich from an active position (I) in a protective position (II) in the direction of the vehicle interior is displaceable, and
- der Sensor (2) mittels des Rückstellmittels (5) aus der Schutzposition (II) zurück in die Aktivposition (I) verschiebbar ist.  - The sensor (2) by means of the return means (5) from the protective position (II) back into the active position (I) is displaceable.
Anordnung (1 ) nach Anspruch 1 , bei welcher das Zugmittel (4) als Zugfeder (4.1 ) ausgebildet ist. Arrangement (1) according to claim 1, wherein the traction means (4) is designed as a tension spring (4.1).
Anordnung (1 ) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei welcher das Rückstellmittel (5) als Zugfeder (5.1 ) ausgebildet ist. Arrangement (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the return means (5) as a tension spring (5.1) is formed.
Anordnung (1 ) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei welcher das Zugmittel ausgebildet ist, bei Anlegen einer elektrischen Spannung an das Zugmittel durch dessen Verkürzen den Sensor aus der Aktivposition in die Schutzposition zu verschieben. Arrangement (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the traction means is designed to displace the sensor from the active position into the protective position upon application of an electrical voltage to the traction means by shortening it.
Anordnung (1 ) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei welchem die Sensorführung (3) als Schienensystem (3.1 ) ausgeführt ist. Arrangement (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the sensor guide (3) is designed as a rail system (3.1).
EP18736885.7A 2017-09-27 2018-07-02 Arrangement of a sensor which has a sensor-active surface on an exterior attachment part of a vehicle Withdrawn EP3687862A1 (en)

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DE102017009055.6A DE102017009055B4 (en) 2017-09-27 2017-09-27 Arrangement of a sensor-active surface having sensor on an external attachment of a vehicle
PCT/EP2018/067815 WO2019063153A1 (en) 2017-09-27 2018-07-02 Arrangement of a sensor which has a sensor-active surface on an exterior attachment part of a vehicle

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US11292410B2 (en) 2022-04-05
CN111094071A (en) 2020-05-01
WO2019063153A1 (en) 2019-04-04
DE102017009055A1 (en) 2019-03-28
US20210086712A1 (en) 2021-03-25
DE102017009055B4 (en) 2019-07-11

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