Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J6/00—Heat treatments such as Calcining; Fusing ; Pyrolysis
  • B01J6/001—Calcining
  • B01J6/004—Calcining using hot gas streams in which the material is moved
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J4/00—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
  • B01J4/001—Feed or outlet devices as such, e.g. feeding tubes
  • B01J4/002—Nozzle-type elements
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J4/00—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
  • B01J4/008—Feed or outlet control devices
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
  • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
  • F27B7/20—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
  • F27B7/36—Arrangements of air or gas supply devices
  • F27B7/362—Introducing gas into the drum axially or through the wall
  • F27B2007/365—Introducing gas into the drum axially or through the wall longitudinally
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
  • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
  • F27B9/30—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
  • F27B9/36—Arrangements of heating devices
  • F27B2009/3638—Heaters located above and under the track
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
  • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
  • F27B9/02—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity of multiple-track type; of multiple-chamber type; Combinations of furnaces
  • F27B9/028—Multi-chamber type furnaces
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
  • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
  • F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
  • F27B9/20—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace
  • F27B9/24—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace being carried by a conveyor
  • F27B9/2407—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace being carried by a conveyor the conveyor being constituted by rollers (roller hearth furnace)
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
  • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
  • F27B9/30—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
  • F27B9/40—Arrangements of controlling or monitoring devices
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

• the invention relates to a device for thermal or thermo-chemical treatment, in particular for calcination, of material, in particular of battery cathode material, with a) a housing; b) a process chamber located in the housing; c) a conveyor system by means of which the material or supporting structures loaded with the material can be conveyed in or through the process space in a conveying direction; d) a heating system, by means of which a process space atmosphere prevailing in the process space can be heated up; e) a process gas system, by means of which a process gas can be supplied to the process space, which is required for the thermal treatment of the material.
• the invention further relates to a process for the thermal or thermo-chemical treatment, in particular for calcination, of material, in particular battery cathode material, in which a) the material or support structures loaded with the material are conveyed through a process space of a device for thermal treatment of the material ( 12); b) a process space atmosphere prevailing in the process space is heated up; c) a process gas is supplied to the process space, which is required for the thermal treatment of the material.
• a calcination of a pulverulent cathode material takes place in an oxygen-containing atmosphere.
• the powdery cathode material is, for example, a lithium-containing transition metal precursor which is calcined in the furnace to form a lithium transition metal oxide.
• Lithiumhydroxid- or lithium carbonate precursor released from the lithium-containing Studentsgangsmetall remplicursor water or carbon dioxide CO2 as exhaust gas.
• devices and methods of the type mentioned but also for the thermal treatment of other materials are used, which may be, for example, workpieces that must be treated thermally or thermo-chemically under the influence of a process gas accordingly.
• the temperatures in such ovens can be up to 1200 ° C.
• the temperature at which the calcination of such materials in practice depends, in a manner known per se, on the material to be treated and the type of furnace used.
• the process gas is blown into the process space, on the flow path to the material to be treated with the atmosphere already present in the process space.
• This mixed gas which finally reaches the material, therefore, on the one hand contains the process gas in a lower concentration and, on the other hand, inter alia, exhaust gas already present in the process space atmosphere.
• the effect of the process gas on the material to be treated can therefore be influenced only a little satisfactory and control and control of the material prevailing atmosphere is difficult.
• the temperature of the injected process gas is usually considerably lower than the temperature of the atmosphere already in the process space.
• the injected process gas is often not sufficiently heated before reaching the material to be treated, so that incomplete reactions can result.
• the cooler process gas can absorb heat from the material carriers or from other components of the conveyor system, which can lead to thermal stresses that can lead to higher wear and possibly premature failure of the components.
• the process gas has no defined flow direction when reaching the material to be treated and therefore can only influence the atmospheric conditions in the immediate vicinity of the material only undefined. In addition, the process gas takes a long time until it reaches the material.
• the process gas system comprises a plurality of local injection devices, which are arranged and arranged such that process gas in a plurality of local process gas streams, each with a main flow direction targeted to the material or on the material-laden support structures can be delivered.
• a considered local process gas stream is directed to a point of impact with respect to the material and / or to a support structure in an axial extension of the associated main flow direction, but that a portion of the considered local process gas flow does not reach this point of impact since
• the local process gas flow in the main flow direction can expand and / or turbulence and turbulence in the process space can prevent a strictly directed local process gas flow.
• At least one of the local injection devices comprises a plurality of injection nozzles.
• a plurality of directed process gas streams can be generated with a local injection device.
• At least one of the injection nozzles is movable by motor or manually, so that the main flow direction of the process gas stream generated by means of this injection nozzle is adjustable.
• an adjustment can be made when other support structures must be used or the conveyor system is altered in some other way.
• the process gas flow guidance can be changed and optimized locally.
• At least one local injection device is designed as an injection bar.
• such an injection bar runs horizontally or vertically; but it is also possible with respect to a horizontal and / or vertical plane inclined gradients.
• At least one local injection device is fastened to the floor or to the ceiling of the housing.
• At least one local injection device is an injection wall section of an injection wall, which subdivides an interior space of the housing into the process space and a blow-in space, to which process gas can be fed.
• the injection wall section preferably has a plurality of passage openings, in particular passage slots, which fluidly connect the process space to the injection space.
• the conveyor system comprises at least one process housing, on which the material or supporting structures loaded with the material can be conveyed in or through the process space in the conveying direction, wherein the process housing comprises at least one injection wall section.
• the injection wall section of the process housing is designed as a cavity wall with a wall interior, to which process gas can be fed.
• a particularly effective flow guidance is possible if the process gas system or at least one local injection device are set up in such a way that a plurality of process gas streams can be delivered at different angles relative to the conveying direction and a horizontal reference plane.
• the conveyor system comprises at least one support structure for the material. This is the case in particular with materials such as the cathode material mentioned.
• a plurality of support structures form a conveyor frame, which has flow passages through which a respective interior of the support structures, in which the material is accommodated, remains fluidically connected to the environment. In this way it is ensured that the process gas can get to the material in the support structures without obstacles.
• the local injection devices are set up and adjusted such that at least part of the process gas streams flow through one or more flow passages.
• the conveyor system has a conveyor track or several conveyor strands along which the support structures are conveyed and that local injection devices of the process gas system and / or heating elements of the heating system are arranged on one or both sides of the conveyor track or at least one conveyor line.
• the heating system comprises heating elements, which are designed as vertical heating strips.
• the process gas system is set up such that different local injection devices can be supplied with different types of process gas. Due to the spatially defined delivery geometry of the local injection devices, it is possible to establish different regions with different atmospheres for different treatments in the process space without these different regions having to be spatially separated from one another.
• the abovementioned object is correspondingly achieved in a method of the type mentioned at the outset by d) delivering process gas in a plurality of local process gas streams, each with a main flow direction, specifically to the material or the support structures loaded with material.
• a device for thermal treatment is used with some or all features of the device explained above.
• FIG. 1 shows a vertical longitudinal section of a continuous furnace according to a first
• Embodiment comprising a heating system comprising a plurality of vertical heating strips, and a process gas system comprising a plurality of local injection devices in the form of vertical injection strips;
• Figure 2 is a perspective cross-section of the continuous furnace of Figure 1, showing only one furnace section;
• Figure 3 is a cross-section of the continuous furnace of Figure 1;
• Figure 4 is a horizontal longitudinal section of a portion of the continuous furnace of Figure 1;
• Figure 5 shows a cross section of a continuous furnace according to a second embodiment with modified heating system and modified process gas system
• FIG. 6 shows a horizontal longitudinal section of a section of a continuous furnace according to a third exemplary embodiment with a modified process gas system
• FIG. 7 shows a cross-section of a continuous furnace according to a fourth exemplary embodiment with a further modified process gas system, which comprises horizontally extending injection strips;
• Figure 8 is a horizontal longitudinal section of a portion of the continuous furnace of Figure 7;
• Figure 9 shows a cross section of a continuous furnace according to a fifth embodiment again with vertical injection bars and a modified conveyor system
• FIG. 10 shows a horizontal longitudinal section of a section of a continuous furnace according to a sixth exemplary embodiment with a further modified conveyor system and a modified arrangement of vertical heating strips and vertical injection strips;
• 1 1 shows a cross section of a continuous furnace according to a seventh embodiment with a further modified conveyor system;
• Figure 12 shows a cross section of a continuous furnace according to an eighth embodiment with a re-modified conveyor system and a modified arrangement of vertical heating bars and vertical injection bars;
• FIG. 13 shows a horizontal longitudinal section of a section of a continuous furnace according to a ninth embodiment with a further modified arrangement of vertical heating strips and vertical injection strips;
• FIG. 14 shows a perspective cross section of a continuous furnace according to a tenth exemplary embodiment, in which a further modified process gas system comprises a plurality of local injection devices in the form of vertical injection walls;
• FIG. 15 shows a perspective cross section of a continuous furnace according to an eleventh exemplary embodiment, in which the process gas system comprises an injection wall and an exhaust system has an exhaust wall;
• FIG. 16 shows a perspective cross section of a continuous furnace according to a twelfth exemplary embodiment, in which the conveyor system comprises a plurality of process casings which have injection walls and / or suction walls;
• FIG. 17 shows a perspective cross-section of a continuous furnace according to a thirteenth embodiment, in which the conveyor system comprises modified process casings;
• FIG. 18 shows a perspective view of a process housing according to FIG. 17
• FIG. 19 shows a perspective view of a process housing according to FIG. 17 in a partial view.
• FIG. 10 denotes a device for the thermal treatment of material 12.
• this device 10 is referred to as oven 10 for the sake of simplicity.
• the material 12 may be, for example, battery cathode material 14 explained in the introduction, which must be calcined in the production of batteries by thermal treatment in the furnace 10.
• the oven 10 includes a housing 16 having a bottom 16a, a ceiling 16b, and two vertical side walls 16c and 16d which defines an interior space 18 in which a process space 20 is located.
• the housing 16 thus forms the housing of the process chamber 20.
• the interior 18 of the furnace 10 may be defined by a separate, the housing 16 surrounding housing.
• the process space 20 extends between an entrance 22 and an exit 24 of the housing 16, each of which can be closed by a gate 26.
• an open inlet 22 and an open outlet 24 or, in contrast, a gas-tight double-gate lock may be provided, with which a separation of the atmosphere in the furnace from the ambient atmosphere is ensured.
• the material 12 is conveyed by means of a conveyor system 28 in a conveying direction 30 through the process space 22; the conveying direction 30 is indicated only in FIG. 1 by an arrow.
• the furnace 10 is designed as a continuous furnace and concretely as a piercing furnace, in which the conveyor system 28, the material 12 through the furnace 10 passes therethrough.
• the conveyor system 28 comprises a conveyor track 32, along which several support bottoms 34, so-called trays, are pushed, as it is known in and of itself.
• only one location floor is provided with a reference numeral.
• the conveyor system 28 comprises a pushing device 36 with a driven push stamp 38, which pushes a supporting floor 34 from the outside through the inlet 22 into the process space 20.
• This support floor 34 abuts against the first support floor 34 in the conveying direction 30, which is already in the process chamber 20, whereby all located in the process chamber 20 supporting floors 34 are pushed by one place and in the conveying direction 30 last support floor 34 through the output 24 from the Process chamber 20 is pushed out.
• the oven 10 may be formed as a batch oven with only one access.
• individual batches of the material 12 are conveyed into the process space 20 through this access in the conveying direction 30, thermally treated, thereafter removed again in the opposite direction to the conveying direction 30 through the access from the process space 20 and thus in total through the process space 20th promoted.
• the material 12 can be conveyed as such with the aid of the conveyor system 28 and, for example, stored directly on the support bottoms 34. This is possible, for example, if the material 12 is structural workpieces.
• support structures 40 are provided, which are formed in the case of the battery cathode material 14 as burners 42, which in English terminology as so-called Saggar be called.
• These support structures 40 can be placed on top of each other to form a shelf-like conveyor frame 44, wherein in the present exemplary embodiment three support structures 40 loaded with battery cathode material 14 form a conveyor frame 44 and one support floor 34 carries such a support frame 44.
• two or more than three, for example, four, five, six or more levels per conveyor frame 44 are conceivable; the number of possible levels largely depends on the height of the process space 20 and the support structures 40.
• the conveyor frame 44 is a separate component, for example of metal or ceramic, which receives the support structures 40 in several levels.
• the support structures 40 and consequently also the combustion liners 42 are set up so that with through-stacked support structures 40 flow passages 46 remain in the conveyor frame 44, so that a respective interior of the support structures 40 and the burners 42, in which the material 12 is housed, with the Environment within the process chamber 20 fluidly connected remains.
• a flow passage 46 is present in the circumferential direction of the conveyor frame 44 on each of four existing sides, so that flows in or against the conveying direction 30 and flows transversely thereto reach the support structures 40 and the burners 42.
• the furnace 10 comprises a heating system 48, which can be heated by means of a process chamber atmosphere 50 prevailing in the process space 20.
• the heating system 48 comprises a plurality of electrical heating elements 52, which are arranged in the process space 20.
• the heating elements 52 are formed as vertical heating strips 54 which are along the conveyor track 32 on the side walls 16c, 16d spaced from each other as respective Schumannn réelle 56a and 56b are arranged so that the conveyor track 32 rows between the heating strips 56a, 56b.
• the vertical heating strips 54 are respectively fixed to the bottom 16 a of the housing 16.
• the heating power of the heating strips 54 can be adjusted individually or for groups of heating strips 54 for each heating strip 54.
• the heating strips 54 may also have a plurality of heating sections, which in turn can be controlled separately from each other.
• the distance of the heating elements 52 to the support structures 40 and the combustion bowls 42 is substantially constant.
• a good throughput of support structures 40 through the oven 10 is possible because there are only minor or at best no inhomogeneities in the temperature profile in the process space 20, which would have to be taken into account.
• an exhaust gas 58 may arise, which must be removed from the process chamber 20.
• Such exhaust gas 58 is only indicated in FIG. 3 and there by short dashed lines and provided with a reference numeral.
• the exhaust gas 58 produced is, for example, the abovementioned water or carbon dioxide CO2.
• lithium-containing phases can be released.
• an exhaust system 60 which comprises exhaust openings 62 in the bottom 16a of the housing 16, via which the exhaust gas 58 can be sucked out of the process space 20.
• exhaust system 60 also necessary and known per se components such as blowers, lines, filters and the like are not for the sake of clarity specially shown.
• the suction openings 62 are otherwise shown only in the cross sections in Figures 3, 5, 7 and 9.
• materials 12 may be thermally treated, in the thermal treatment of which a process gas is required.
• a process gas In the case of the mentioned battery cathode material 14, for example, oxygen O 2 is required for effective calcination, which is blown into the process space 20 in the form of conditioned air. In this case, therefore, air forms such a process gas.
• the oxygen O2 contained therein is reacted in the formation of the metal oxide and produces water or carbon dioxide CO2.
• Other processes may require different process gases. In some processes oxygen-enriched air or pure oxygen is needed, the oxygen content of such process gases can be 21% to 100%. Also, an inert gas can be understood as a necessary for a smooth thermal treatment process gas.
• the furnace 10 comprises a process gas system 64, by means of which a process gas 66, which is required for the thermal treatment of the material 12, can be supplied to the process space 20.
• the process gas system 64 comprises a plurality of local injection devices 68, which are arranged and arranged such that process gas 66 can be dispensed in a plurality of local process gas streams 70, each with a main flow direction 72 targeted to the material 12 or loaded with material 12 supporting structures 40, which in FIG 3 is illustrated and as explained above.
• the process gas system 64 can still provide for a general process gas supply, as it is known per se.
• process gas 66 can be blown into the process space 20, for example via corresponding blowing devices, such as blow boxes, without this process gas 66 blown in this way being directed onto the material 12 and / or used support structures 40 or conveyor frames 44.
• the process gas 66, the plurality of process gas streams 70 and the respective associated main flow direction 72 are indicated only in Figure 3 by the local long dashed lines and provided with reference numerals.
• the local injection units 66 are designed as vertical injection strips 74, which have a plurality of injection nozzles 76 arranged along the vertical injection strips 74.
• the injection strips 74 are made in practice of metal, in particular stainless steel, or ceramic. In principle, all materials that can withstand the conditions in a corresponding furnace 10 are suitable.
• the vertical injection strips 74 flank there the conveyor track 32 on the left in the conveying direction 30 and are spaced along the conveyor track 32, so that a row of injection molding 78 is formed, wherein the distances between two adjacent vertical injection bars 74 are the same.
• the vertical injection strips 74 are each attached to the bottom 16a of the housing 16 and are supplied from there via a generally designated 80 supply device with process gas 66.
• process gas 66 For this necessary components such as blower, lines, a process gas source and the like are not specifically shown for the sake of clarity.
• the individual injection nozzles 76 can be formed by simple outlet openings, which can be designed as a circular opening, oval or slot. Alternatively, the injection nozzles 76 may also be included as separate units from the vertical injection bars 74. In this case, the injection nozzles 76 may be movable so that the main flow direction 72 of the output local process gas stream 70 may be individually adjusted for each injection nozzle 76. This is illustrated in FIG. 3 by different courses of the process gas streams 70.
• Injector nozzles 76 in the form of outlet openings and injection nozzles 76 in the form of separate structural units and also different nozzle geometries can be combined with one another.
• the injection nozzles 76 can protrude into the process space 20 in relation to the base contour of the associated injection bar 74.
• the respective settings of the injection nozzles 76 can be fixed in the production of vertical injection strips 74, for example, by corresponding oblique courses of outlet openings through the wall of a vertical injection bar 74 and adapted to be used conveyor structures 40 and resulting conveyor frames 44.
• the injection nozzles 76 can be formed so that the discharged process gas streams 70 run parallel or different, as illustrated in FIG.
• some or all of the injection nozzles 76 can also be movable and motorized or at least manually adjustable, so that the local injection devices 68 can be adapted to different support structures 40 or burners 42 and / or support frames 44 in an existing furnace 10.
• the individual injection nozzles 76 are set up so that in each case a plurality of process gas streams 70 passes through a flow passage 46 of the conveyor frame 44 to the material 12 received by the support structures 40.
• the process gas streams 70 can be delivered at an angle of 90 ° relative to the conveying direction 30, but also at an angle of less than 90 ° in the conveying direction 30 or against the conveying direction 30 from the local injection devices 68.
• the process gas streams may be dispensed parallel to a horizontal reference plane or upwardly or downwardly inclined to such a horizontal reference plane from the local injection devices 68. This may be useful, for example, if shading by parts of the support structures 40 or the conveyor frame 44 should be reduced as much as possible.
• a quasi-chaotic delivery of different process gas streams 70 from individual injection nozzles 76 at different angles to the conveying direction 30 and / or a horizontal reference plane can be particularly effective.
• the local injection devices 68 are configured such that they can deliver process gas streams 70 at different angles relative to the conveying direction 30 and a horizontal reference plane. For example, if existing local injection devices 68 each have only a single injection nozzle 76, their delivery angles will be different. In general terms, in any case, the process gas system 64 is set up such that process gas streams 70 can be delivered in correspondingly different angles.
• a plurality of injection nozzles 76 which deliver process gas streams 70 at different angles, may be arranged in the same or in different horizontal planes. Due to the local injection devices 68, it does not matter that the support structures 40 in one and the same conveyor frame 44 or the support structures 40 of two adjacent conveyor racks 44 shade each other. By means of the local injection devices 68, all the support structures 40 and all material 12 in the process chamber 20 are supplied and supplied largely homogeneously with process gas 66, so that the thermal treatment of the material 12 in all support structures 40 is highly reproducible and uniform.
• process gas 66 reaches the processing location on the material 12
• the resulting exhaust gas 58 in the present case water or carbon dioxide CO2
• the process gas streams 70 can thus be effectively sucked out of the process space 20 by the extraction system 60.
• the local supply of the process gas 66 alters the gas partial pressure in the immediate vicinity of the material 12, which in turn influences the process parameters and thereby influences the chemical and physical properties of the resulting product.
• process gas 66 By the targeted delivery of the process gas 66, the quality of the product obtained can be increased and in this way the production scrap can be reduced. In addition, process gas 66 can be saved.
• both the temperature in the environment of the material 12 can be homogenized and a specifically heterogeneous temperature profile on the material 12 can be brought about.
• These effects may be effected by a corresponding prior conditioning of the process gas 66 by the process gas system 64 as well as by a suitably tuned delivery of the process gas 66 through the local injection devices 68.
• the delivery of the process gas 66 through the local injection devices 68 can be continuous or pulsed; this is set by a corresponding control and corresponding control means of the process gas system 64.
• some local injectors 68 may be configured and driven at local injectors 68 to deliver a continuous local process gas stream 70, whereas other local injectors 68 or the other injectors 76 of the local injectors in question 68 may be designed and driven so that they deliver a pulsed local process gas stream 70.
• the vertical injection strips 74 are offset relative to the vertical heating strips 54 in the direction of the conveying path 32 and are each arranged between two vertical heating strips 54. In this way, on the one hand, the vertical injection strips 74 are arranged close to the material 12 and on the other hand, the vertical heating strips 54 are not shaded in the direction of the conveyor track 32.
• FIG. 5 shows a second embodiment of a furnace 10.
• both the vertical heating strips 54 and the vertical injection strips 74 are not attached to the bottom 16a of the housing, but on the ceiling 16b, from which they project down into the process chamber 20.
• the local injection devices 68 in the form of the vertical injection strips 74 are arranged on both sides of the conveyor track 32, so that there are two rows of injection bars 78a and 78b are formed.
• the vertical injection strips 74 of the respective row of injection molding elements 78a, 78b are offset relative to the vertical heating strips 54 on the same side of the conveying path 32 again in the direction of the conveying path 32 and are each arranged between two vertical heating strips 54.
• Figures 7 and 8 show a fourth embodiment of a furnace 10, in which the local injection devices 68 are not formed as vertical injection strips, but as horizontal injection strips 82 which extend in the conveying direction 30 parallel to the conveyor track 32 on both sides thereof.
• the local injection devices 68 are not formed as vertical injection strips, but as horizontal injection strips 82 which extend in the conveying direction 30 parallel to the conveyor track 32 on both sides thereof.
• three horizontal injection strips 82 which are arranged at a distance in the vertical direction, form a horizontal strip group 84, which is fed together with process gas 66.
• the horizontal injection strips 82 of a horizontal strip group 84 are fluidly connected to one another via connecting lines 86.
• the individual horizontal injection bars 82 are located at height levels that match the height levels of the flow passages 46 in the conveyor racks 44, so that the process gas streams 70 can easily reach the material 12 in the conveyor racks 44.
• suction openings 62 of the suction system 60 are provided on both sides of the conveyor track 32 in the bottom 16a of the housing 16. This is generally the case in principle when injection strips are present on both sides of the conveyor track 32, since then exhaust gas 58 is also displaced from the conveyor frames 44 in both directions transversely to the conveying direction 30.
• suction openings 62 may be provided at all suitable positions in the oven 10, also in the ceiling and also in different positions in different oven areas.
• the suction openings 62 plays in particular the density of the exhaust gas 58th a role; for exhaust gases 58 which are lighter than air, there is an increased position of the suction openings 62, in particular also in the ceiling, for exhaust gases 58, which are heavier than air, the exhaust openings 62 in deeper areas of the furnace 10 and in particular in the bottom thereof 16a provided.
• individual horizontal injection strips 82 do not extend over the entire length of the process space 20. Accordingly, there are several horizontal injection strips 82 at the same height in the conveying direction 30 or correspondingly more horizontal strip groups 84 present.
• the horizontal injection bars 82 may be made of the same materials as the vertical injection bars 74.
• Figure 9 illustrates a fifth embodiment in which the conveyor track 32 and the support floors supported thereon 34 are formed so wide that on a support floor 34 two conveyor racks 44 with respect to the conveying direction 32 side by side place.
• FIG. 10 illustrates a modification in which the conveyor track 32 is divided into two conveyor lines 32a, 32b, on each of which located conveyor racks 44 can be conveyed independently on each one designed for a conveyor frame 44 supporting floor 34.
• the conveyor system 28 at the entrance 22 of the housing 16 for each conveyor line 32a, 32b, a separate thrust device 36 with optionally a respective separate push temple 38, which can not be seen in Figure 10 due to the cutout.
• the conveying path 32 and the supporting bottoms 34 conveyed thereon are widened once again, so that a supporting bottom 34 can accommodate three conveying frames 44 next to each other.
• the conveyor track 32 can here be subdivided into three separate conveyor tracks, on each of which conveyor frames 44 are conveyed independently of one another on a supporting floor 34 designed for a conveyor frame 44 can be.
• the conveyor system 28 at the entrance 22 of the housing 16 for each of the three conveyor strands a separate pusher 36 with optionally a respective separate push stamp 38th
• FIG. 12 An eighth embodiment illustrated in FIG. 12 adopts this concept, wherein the three conveying strands 32a, 32b, 32c present there are spaced apart in the direction transverse to the conveying direction 30, so that there is a first intermediate region 88a between the conveying strands 32a and 32b and a second intermediate region 88b are formed between the conveyor lines 32b and 32c.
• the heating strip rows 56a and 56b along the side walls 16c and 16d of the housing 16 there are two further rows of heating strips 56c and 56d with vertical heating strips 54 in the intermediate regions 88a and 88b, respectively.
• first intermediate region 88a two rows of injection rows 78a and 78b with vertical injection strips 74 are arranged, of which the first row of injection bars 78a is associated with the first conveying line 32a, left in the conveying direction 30, and the second row of injection bars 78b is associated with the second conveying line 32b in the conveying direction 30.
• second intermediate area 88b a third row of injection bars 78c is correspondingly arranged, which is associated with the third in the conveying direction 30 right conveyor line 32c.
• the injection strips 74 are in each case arranged offset relative to the heating strips 54 in the intermediate regions 88a, 88b in the direction of the respective associated conveying strand 32a, 32b or 32c.
• the suction openings 62 of the suction system 60 are provided in the side walls 16 c, 16 d of the housing 16 in this embodiment.
• FIG. 13 illustrates a ninth exemplary embodiment in which vertical heating strips 54 and vertical injection strips 74 are arranged alternately and without such an offset in the intermediate regions 88a and 88b.
• the vertical heating strips 54 in the first intermediate region 88a in the conveying direction 30 always alternately act to the right and left on the conveyor strands 32a and 32b and in the second intermediate region 88b in the conveying direction 30 alternately to the right and left on the conveyor strands 32b and 32c.
• the vertical injection strips 74 in the first intermediate region 88a always alternate their process gas streams 70 in the conveying direction 30 to the right and left in the direction of the delivery lines 32a and 32b and in the second intermediate region 88b in the conveying direction 30 always alternately to the right and left in the direction of the conveyor strands 32b and 32c.
• the conveyor racks 44 on the individual conveyor lines 32a, 32b and 32c are conveyed offset relative to one another in the conveying direction 30.
• a corresponding intermediate region can also be present in the case of the two delivery lines 32a and 32b in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 10, in which heating elements 52 of the heating system 48 and local injection devices 68 of the process gas system 64 can then also be arranged analogously.
• suction openings 62 of the extraction system 60 can also be provided there.
• largely symmetrical flow conditions can be generated by supplied from the side process gas 66 and the exhaust gas 58 is sucked in the middle.
• the process space 20 has at least two process areas. Located in these process areas.
• the injection devices 68 are then supplied by the process gas system 64 independently of each other with the process gas required for the respective process area.
• the parameters required for the operation of the respective local injection devices 68 in the respective process areas can be set independently of each other. These include, in addition to the type of the respective process gas, among other things its temperature, the discharge pressure and the volume delivered per time unit.
• heating elements 52 and local injection devices 68 may be combined into a local heating and injection device. In this way it is also possible, inter alia, that process gas 66 still has a thermal influence on its exit from the injection nozzles 76.
• the heating element 52 are formed as vertical heating strips 54. In not specifically shown variations may alternatively or additionally be provided horizontal heating strips. Such horizontal heating strips can extend over the entire length of the process space 20. In one variant, a plurality of horizontal heating elements may be arranged successively in the conveying direction 30, which each extend only over a portion of the process space 20. In the vertical direction in each case a plurality of horizontal heating strips can be provided, each with a distance from each other.
• Local injection devices 68 which are arranged at the inlet 22 or at the outlet 24 of the housing 16, can be used to establish a respective flow lock, there to prevent mixing of the process gas atmosphere 50 in the process chamber 20 with the ambient atmosphere outside the housing 16 or at least reduce it.
• the local injection devices 68 may also be arranged at irregular intervals or groupings in the conveying direction 30. This is particularly advantageous if the thermal treatment is to take place, for example, in successive thermal stages.
• the process gas system 64 can also be set up such that different local injection devices 68 can also deliver different process gas streams 70, which differ in the volume delivered per unit time and / or in their temperature.
• the local injection devices 68 are arranged on the side walls 16c and 16d and / or in the intermediate regions 8686a and 86b on a geometric straight line which runs perpendicular to the conveying direction 30.
• the local injection devices 68 can also be arranged offset relative to one another in relation to such geometric degrees. This is the case, for example, in FIG. 13 for the local injection devices 68 in the intermediate regions 86a, 86b in comparison to the local injection devices 68 on the side walls 16c, 16d.
• Opposite local injection devices 68 in the intermediate regions 86a, 86b in turn are each located on a common such geometric straight line.
• Opposite local injection devices 68 on the sidewalls 16c, 16d are also located on a common such geometric straight line, but different from the geometric straight line relative to the local injection devices 68 in the intermediate regions 86a, 86b. Thus, the distances of the local injection devices 68 to the support structures 40 may be different.
• the vertical injection bars 74 may also have injection nozzles 76 which deliver the respective process gas streams 70 in different directions.
• the local injection devices may be guided through or integrated into the side walls 16c, 16d of the housing 16. Corresponding injection strips 74 can also run vertically or horizontally ver. Also, injection walls are conceivable which are provided, for example, in the form of ceramic plates or masonry between the conveyor track 32 or the conveyor lines 32a, 32b or 32a, 32b, 32c and the heating elements 52.
• local injection devices 68 can be provided by the support floors 34 or the support frames 44 are carried.
• the local injection devices 68 may also be designed in such a way that process gas streams 70 are generated by a targeted suction, through which process gas 66 is sucked to the support structures 40 and the material 12.
• suction tubes may be provided, which come close to the conveyor track 32 and the support structures used 40 or support frames 44. This exhaust gases 58, which are formed on the material 12, are sucked directly, where there is a negative pressure and at another point in the process chamber 20 blown process gas 66 flows selectively.
• FIG. 14 illustrates a tenth embodiment of a furnace 10 in which the local injection devices 68 of the process gas system 64 are formed by injection wall sections 90 of injection walls 92, which have multiple injection nozzles 76, respectively.
• the injection walls 92 are made of refractory material.
• injection walls 92 flank the conveyor track 32 on both sides and divide the interior space 18 into the process space 20 and respectively the process space 20 flanking injection chambers 94, which belong to the process gas system 64 and übei the supply device 80 are fed with process gas 66.
• injection openings 96 are provided in the bottom of the flow spaces 94.
• the injection nozzles 76 are formed as through holes 98 at the injection wall portions 90 of the injection walls 92.
• the injection nozzles 76 in the injection wall sections 90 may also be provided as separate structural units, which may also be movably mounted in the injection wall sections 90.
• the injection nozzles 76, i. the through-openings 98 connect the injection chambers 94 fluidically to the process space 20 arranged therebetween.
• the heating elements 52 are also located in the injection chambers 94 so that they also act on the process gas 66 in the flow spaces 94. Process gas 66 then enters the process space 20 from each through-passage 98 as the respective process gas stream 70.
• heating elements 52 may also be present in the process space 20.
• the wall material and the wall construction of the injection walls 92 may be selected according to criteria in which the heat energy of the heating elements 52 passes largely lossless and lossless in the process chamber 20 and the material 12, which is arranged in the conveyor frame 44.
• the through holes 98 in the injection wall portions 90 are formed as through slots 100 that are horizontal.
• the individual passage slots 100 are located at height levels that match the height levels of the flow passages 46 in the conveyor racks 46 so that the process gas streams 70 can reach the material 12 there.
• FIG. 14 just as in FIGS. 15 and 16, only a single support structure 40 is shown on each support floor 34. Other geometries and orientations of the through openings 98 are possible.
• This furnace 10 now works in such a way that the process gas 66 is injected through the supply device 80 into the injection chambers 94, flows through the injection chambers 94 and then enters the process chamber 20 from both sides through the injection nozzles 76 of the injection walls 92 as process gas stream 70, where the process gas streams 70 each pass through a flow passage 46 of the conveyor frame 44 through to the material 12 received by the support structures 40.
• the through-openings 98 in the injection walls 92 may also be configured such that the process gas streams 70 are parallel to a horizontal reference plane or inclined up or down to such a horizontal reference plane from the local injection devices 68, i. here the injection wall sections 90 of the injection walls 92, are discharged.
• FIG. 15 shows a modified eleventh exemplary embodiment in which injection-wall sections 90 form an injection wall 92 only on one side of the conveyor track, whereby a blow-in space 94 for process gas 66 is also formed only on this side next to the process space 20.
• suction wall 102 On the opposite side of the conveyor track 32 there is a suction wall 102 which separates the process space 20 from a suction space 104.
• suction chamber 104 In the suction chamber 104 are the suction openings 62 of the suction system 60.
• the suction wall 104 has a plurality of passage openings 106 which fluidly connect the process space 20 with the suction space 104.
• injection wall 92 and the suction wall 102 and their passage openings 98 and passage openings 106 are structurally identical.
• the Description Injection wall or suction wall results from the technical function with respect to the process space 20.
• both an injection wall 92 and an exhaust wall 102 are throughflow walls 108.
• heating elements 52 are arranged in a heating strip row 56a only in the injection space 94. In a modification, heating elements 52 may also be present in the suction space 104 and / or in the process space 20.
• the injection space 94 is supplied with process gas 66 by means of the supply device 80, which passes through the injection wall 92 into the process space 20 and flows there to the material 12 or through the conveyor frame 44. From the process space 20, exhaust gas 58 and excess process gas 66 flow through the passage openings 106 in the suction wall 102 into the suction space 104, from which they are then drawn off via the suction openings 62.
• Corresponding injection walls 92 and / or suction walls 102 can also be present in the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 9 to 13 in the conveying direction 30 to the right and left next to one of the plurality of delivery lines 32a, 32b or 32a, 32b and 32c.
• a respective injection space 94 and on both sides next to the multi-strand conveyor track 32 each have a suction 104 may be formed.
• FIG. 16 illustrates a twelfth exemplary embodiment of a furnace 10.
• the conveyor system 28 comprises a plurality of process casings 110, with which the support structures 40 with the material 12 are conveyed through the process space 20.
• a process housing 10 includes, in the furnace 10 according to FIG. 16, one of the support bottoms 34 and two injection wall sections 90, which are carried along by the support bottoms 34.
• two injection wall sections 90 attached to both sides in the direction perpendicular to the conveying direction 30 on the support bottoms 34, so that the injection wall sections 90 move together with the support floor 34 through the process space.
• the injection wall sections 90 are guided on the ceiling 16 b, for which they run there in guide rails 1 12.
• housing does not mean that they are closed in process housings 110. In the present exemplary embodiment, they are open, for example, at least at the front sides pointing in or counter to the conveying direction 30.
• the injection wall sections 90 are thus arranged stationary.
• the through openings 98 are thus always in the same position and orientation with respect to the support structures 40 or with respect to the flow passages 46, when a plurality of support structures 40 are stacked on the support floor 34.
• the material 12 in each position of the support structures 40 in the process chamber 20 can always be acted upon in the same and reproducible extent with process gas 66.
• the carrying structures 40 are arranged in the conveying direction 30 in regions between two adjacent passage openings 98 are located, so that in these redesignen less process gas 66 reaches the material 12 than in the redesignsituationen in which the support structures 40 are located next to the passage openings 106.
• the process housing 1 10 belongs originally to the transport system 28, but includes with the injection wall sections 90 also components that are associated with the process gas system 64.
• a process housing 1 10 may have only one injection wall section 90 of an injection wall 92, while on the opposite side, a corresponding injection wall section of a then formed overall suction wall 102 is present.
• the process housing 1 10 is traversed by process gas 66 and exhaust gas 58 is sucked through the suction wall 102.
• the process housing 1 10 also includes components that are associated with the exhaust system 60.
• FIG. 17 shows a thirteenth embodiment of an oven 10 is shown, in which the injection wall sections 90 of the injection wall 92 of the process housing 1 10 are formed as a cavity wall 1 14 with a wall interior 1 16, which fluidly via the through holes 98 with the process chamber 20 in connection stands.
• the hollow walls 1 14 have at their lower narrow edges in each case a passage 1 18 through which process gas 66 can flow into the wall interior 1 16. Both hollow walls 1 14 serve in this case as injection wall 92nd
• the process gas system 64 includes at the bottom 16a of the housing 16 for each cavity wall 1 14 a groove 120 with a U-shaped cross section, on the upper edges of the hollow walls 1 14 rest slidably.
• the hollow walls 1 14 have in the conveying direction 30 at the front and rear downwardly projecting sealing tongues 122, which protrude into the respective groove 120 and correspond to the cross section of the channel 120 are complementary.
• a movable inlet chamber 124 for process gas is then formed in the channel 120, which moves with the process housing 110.
• the sealing tongues 122 do not hermetically seal these inlet chambers 124, but instead a gap remains between the edges of the sealing tongues 122 and the feed channel 120.
• process gas 66 flowing into the inlet chamber 124, so that process gas 66 then flows from the inlet chamber 124 through the passage 1 18 into the wall interior 16 of the cavity wall 14 and from there through the through openings 98 in FIG the process space 20 and the material 12 in the support structures 40 passes.
• the grooves 120 have openings in the conveying direction 30 at regular intervals, which are not visible in the figures. These openings of the grooves 120 are arranged in the conveying direction 30 at a distance in which it is ensured that a moving input chamber 124 always covers at least one opening when the process housing 110 is conveyed through the process space 20. Process gas 66 can be blown through these openings into the feed channels 120, which then flows through the moving inlet chamber 124 into the cavity wall 14.
• the process chamber 20 is flanked by heating chambers 126, in which the heating elements 52 are arranged.
• the hollow walls 120 are constructed so that the heat energy of the heating elements 52 passes largely lossless and without delay in the process chamber 20 and the material 12, which is arranged in the conveyor frame 44.
• the process gas 66 can provide the necessary temperature in the process space 20, for which purpose the process gas 66 is conditioned accordingly and heated into the feed chutes 120.
• the exhaust system 60 sucks exhaust gas 58 in the embodiment described here again via suction openings 62, which are arranged in the ceiling 16 b of the housing 16 in the region of the process chamber 18.
• only one of the two hollow walls 1 14 can serve as an injection wall 92, while the other hollow wall 1 14 is designed as a suction wall 102.
• no process gas 66 is blown through the openings of the channel 120 belonging to this exhaust wall 102, but exhaust gas 58 and excess process gas 66 are exhausted.
• the hollow walls 1 14 may also have the passages 1 18 corresponding passages at the top, in which case on the ceiling 16b of the housing 16 to the hollow walls 1 14 complementary grooves are present corresponding to the grooves 120 and have matching openings that are used to inject process gas 66 or to exhaust gas 58. In a corresponding manner, the hollow walls 1 14 then upwardly projecting sealing tongues.
• hollow walls 1 14 between two support structures 40 may be present.
• a central cavity wall 1 14 then through openings 98 to either side or there are two hollow walls 1 14 arranged side by side, the through-openings 98 facing in opposite directions.
• the process housing 1 10 above have a ceiling, which is indicated by dashed lines in Figure 19.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
• Furnace Details (AREA)
• Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
• Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)

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• 2017
  • 2017-09-13 DE DE102017121224.8A patent/DE102017121224A1/de active Pending
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• 2022
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