EP3643848A1 - Structural element for reflection and/or light scatter and/or absorption of acoustic waves, system comprising a structural element or a plurality of structural elements, corresponding method for manufacturing a structural element and their use - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a structural element (100) for reflection and / or scattering and / or absorption of acoustic waves, comprising one or more elevations (131) and / or one or more depressions (132) arranged in this way as a three-dimensional structure (130) is or are that the acoustic waves on the one or more elevations (131) and / or on the one or more recesses (132) can be steered and / or aligned or absorbed in one or more directions. Furthermore, the invention relates to a system which comprises one or more structural elements, a corresponding method for producing a structural element and the use of structural element and system.

Description

Technical field of the invention

The invention relates to a structural element for reflection and / or scattering and / or absorption of acoustic waves, a system or structure system which comprises at least one structural element or a large number of structural elements, a corresponding method for producing a structural element and the use of structural element and system .

Background of the Invention

In order to improve the room acoustics, sound-absorbing elements such as suspended ceilings, suspended ceilings or facing shells are used in office, meeting and work rooms. In lecture and concert halls, sound-reflecting wall elements are also attached to ceilings and / or side walls. Such elements sometimes require complex construction measures, such as substructures. Once installed, the elements mentioned can only be adapted to the acoustic requirements to a limited extent with regard to their mode of operation and design.

The invention has for its object to provide elements and corresponding systems for designing room acoustics, with which improved acoustic effects, in particular defined or also flexibly definable acoustic effects can be achieved, the elements and systems being flexible and easy to use and use should. The object of the invention is also to provide a corresponding method for producing such elements or systems and to specify the use of such elements or systems.

Description of the invention

In a first aspect, a structural element or acoustic element for reflection and / or scattering and / or absorption and / or damping of acoustic waves is therefore provided to solve one or more of the above-mentioned tasks, which has one or more elevations and / or one or more depressions comprises, which is or are arranged as a three-dimensional structure, such that the acoustic waves on the one or more elevations and / or on the one or more depressions can be directed and / or aligned and / or absorbed in one or more directions . The acoustic waves are thus defined as reflectable and / or scatterable and / or absorbable and / or dampable.

This means that the acoustic waves impinging on the one or more elevations and / or the one or more depressions can be directed and / or aligned in one or more directions, depending on the design of the three-dimensional structure.

In particular, a structural element or acoustic element for reflection and / or scattering and / or absorption and / or damping of acoustic waves is provided, which comprises one or more elevations and / or one or more depressions, which is or are arranged as a three-dimensional structure such that the acoustic waves on the one or more elevations and / or on the one or more depressions are in particular defined, reflectable and / or scatterable and / or absorbable and / or dampable.

Acoustic waves are also called sound waves here. In the description below, terms such as 'structural elements', 'elevations', 'depressions', 'surface elements' etc. are used. This is not intended to exclude that the description is also for a single structural element, a single elevation or a single deepening etc. can apply. In addition to reflection and scattering, the terms “steerable” or “alignable” can preferably also apply in connection with absorption or damping. Attenuation is also to be understood here as a reduction in the sound intensity.

The structural element or acoustic element comprises a three-dimensional or spatial structure with elevations or depressions arranged in itself.

Elevations and depressions are so side by side that they form a three-dimensional structure. In the case of the structural element described here, a spatial expansion is formed due to the elevation (s) and / or depression (s). In relation to a viewer, the elevations are closer to the viewer than the depressions. In other words, a three-dimensional structure with elevations and depressions corresponds, for example, to a zigzag-shaped structure or a wavy structure, whereby adjacent elevations, or also mountains, or depressions, or valleys, can have different heights or depths.

Since the structural element is preferably designed as a plate-shaped element, it has a width, a length and a height. The width and the length are formed as a multiple of the height, the terms “elevation” or “depression” preferably referring to the height of the structural element.

The three-dimensional structure or also the elevations (s) and / or depression (s) preferably form or form an acoustically active surface or an acoustically active region or comprise or comprise an acoustically active surface or an acoustically active region. This means that in particular the acoustically effective area or the acoustically effective area enables the processing of the acoustic waves, that is to say the reflection and / or scattering and / or absorption of the incident acoustic waves, in particular the defined reflection and / or scattering and / or absorption of the incoming acoustic waves.

The acoustic waves may also strike other areas of the structural element; however, the acoustically effective area is that for processing the acoustic waves intended area or the acoustically effective area in order to achieve the desired acoustic effects. In particular, defined frequencies can be reflected, scattered, absorbed and / or attenuated in a targeted manner.

The side of the structural element provided for this purpose, which forms the acoustically active surface or the acoustically active region, is its front side, while the side facing away from the front side forms the rear side of the structural element. The largest surfaces of the structural element are preferably to be understood as the front and back. Even if sound waves can hit all sides of a structural element, the front forms the relevant acoustically effective surface or area.

An essential point of the invention is that the acoustic waves, also called sound waves, impinging on the structural element, that is to say on the three-dimensional structure and thus on the elevation (s) and / or depression (s), depending on the angle of incidence and the orientation and the nature of the elevation (s) and / or depression (s) are reflected, scattered and / or absorbed differently. By means of a defined orientation and a defined nature of the three-dimensional structure or also the elevation (s) and / or depression (s), the acoustic waves can thus be directed in a desired direction, which can also mean absorption. In addition, the elements and systems according to the invention have a high aesthetic effect.

In one embodiment, the one or more elevations and / or the one or more depressions or also the three-dimensional structure is formed from adjoining surface elements, the surface elements being arranged at a defined angle or at defined angles to one another. The arrangement of the surface elements in relation to one another allows precise guidance of the impinging acoustic waves. The surface element or elements are preferably designed as surface elements reflecting acoustic waves and / or as surface elements scattering acoustic waves and / or as surface elements absorbing acoustic waves. Depending on the material, the surfaces of the surface elements are particularly effective.

The individual surface elements are preferably delimited from one another by kinks or crease or fold lines. The surface elements are therefore preferably defined or defined by crease or fold lines.

The individual surface elements thus form cells, for example, each cell contributing its share of the reflection, scattering and / or absorption. The structural element is therefore preferably designed as a cellular structure.

Smooth, reflective surfaces or also surfaces of the elevations and / or depressions reflect the sound waves according to the physical principle of the angle of incidence and the angle of incidence. By specifying the angles of inclination of the surface elements of the elevations and / or of the depressions, the preferred radiation angles of the outgoing acoustic waves or sound waves can thus be set in a targeted manner, so that the acoustic waves can be specifically directed.

Rough surfaces or surfaces that can be produced, for example, by granular coatings or, for example, are made of porous materials, lead to the scattering of the acoustic waves or sound waves and thus to diffuse components in the reflected sound. In this way, for example, information contained in the incoming sound waves can be suppressed. The content of conversations, for example, is no longer understandable.

Absorbent surfaces or surfaces, such as nonwovens, convert the energy of the sound waves largely into heat and thus prevent reflection or scattering of the sound wave. The sound wave or sound is absorbed.

With the structural element according to the invention or module or structural module, the aforementioned acoustic effects - reflection, scattering, absorption, damping - can be specifically set by a suitable combination of the inclination angles of the elevations and / or depressions and / or by the choice of the properties of the surfaces or surfaces , that is, the acoustic waves are on the structural element and thus on the three-dimensional structure of the elevation (s) and / or depression (s) defined or specifically steerable and / or also orientable and / or absorbable or dampable.

In one embodiment, the three-dimensional structure of the structural element is designed as a regular structure. In the case of regular structures, corresponding surface elements of adjacent elevations and / or depressions point in the same direction. As a result, reflection, scattering or absorption on the surface elements of the individual elevations and / or depressions are intensified many times.

In order to achieve the desired special effects, it is provided in a further embodiment to design the three-dimensional structure of the structural element as an irregular structure. By means of a suitable design, alignment and arrangement of the surface elements, reflected sound waves can be bundled or fanned out, for example. This can be used, for example, to achieve acoustic lens effects such as focusing or dispersion.

In a further embodiment, the three-dimensional or spatial structure is designed as a structure or fold structure having one or more folds, preferably in order to form the elevation (s) and / or depressions (s). This means that the elevation (s) and / or depressions (s) are preferably formed by reshaping a base element or starting element, the reshaping being a folding. The elevation (s) and / or depression (s) are therefore preferably designed as a folded elevation (s) and / or folded depression (s). The kinks resulting from the folding stiffen the structural element, so that no additional stabilizing measures are required, for example even when using thin sheets or foils. Additional constructions such as beams, for example beams made of perforated plates, can be avoided. The stiffening effect of the folds or folds also prevents airborne sound from being stimulated with light materials. In addition, the acoustically effective layer thickness of the structural element is increased. Compared to solid material of the same thickness, material can be saved significantly.

As described above, the surface elements are arranged at a defined angle or at defined angles to one another. For example, they are delimited from one another by fold lines or folds or fold lines.

The elevation (s) and / or depression (s) can be varied in their height and shape in a wide range, they can have round, curved or angular areas and can be of variable height. In addition, the folds or kinks preferably allow a defined delimitation of individual surface elements. The individual surface elements can thus be aligned in a targeted manner, in particular relative to one another.

In one embodiment, the three-dimensional structure or the one or more elevations and / or the one or more depressions are formed from at least one first material and / or from at least one second material, which are preferably arranged as overlapping layers. This means that, for example, one or more first materials and / or one or more second materials are provided to form a structural element. In other words, the structural element comprises at least a first material and / or at least a second material.

In one embodiment, the at least one first material is provided as a sheet-like material and the at least one second material is provided as a sheet-like material.

In one embodiment, the at least one first material, for example the sheet-like material, is made of metal or a metal alloy. For example, a metal sheet is used here. In a further embodiment, the at least one second material, for example the web-like material, is made of plastic, textile, non-woven, in particular of carbon fiber non-woven, of paper, cardboard and / or a composite material. The web-like material in particular can be a film-like or textile material.

In one embodiment, the at least one first material is designed and / or arranged such that the at least one first material and / or the at least one second material form at least partially or completely the acoustically active surface or the acoustically active region.

In one embodiment, the at least one first material and / or the at least one second material is or are designed and / or arranged in such a way that the at least one first material and / or the at least one second material at least partially or completely the acoustically active surface or the train acoustically effective area.

In one embodiment, the at least one first material is designed as a preferably rigid support element, and the at least one second material is arranged on the support element.

That is, in the combination of two or more materials, the first material is preferably provided as the carrier element for the second material, the first material preferably having a rigidity that is higher than a rigidity of the second material. This means that materials with defined stiffnesses complement one another, the combined materials preferably having a different degree of stiffness. It is also possible to combine materials that have the same stiffness or essentially the same stiffness.

When using materials with low stiffness, such as, for example, nonwovens, the materials with high stiffness, such as metal foils or sheets, preferably serve as supports or carrier elements. In other words, a "self-supporting material" is preferably provided as a carrier element for a "non-self-supporting material".

In one embodiment, the at least one first material, for example the carrier element, is designed and / or arranged in such a way that the at least one first material and / or the at least one second material can be at least partially or completely exposed to the acoustic waves, that is, at least partially or completely form the acoustically effective surface or area.

The materials, for example the at least one first material, which is preferably designed as a carrier element for the at least one second material, and / or the at least one second material are preferably designed and / or arranged in such a way that both or the plurality of materials in each case at least partially or completely form the acoustically effective surface or area.

The structural element or the three-dimensional structure is preferably formed from a combination of two or more of these materials. Possible combinations are, for example, (i) metal, in particular sheet metal, and carbon fiber fleece; (ii) metal, in particular sheet metal, and other textile fleece; (iii) metal, in particular sheet metal, and a textile; (iv) plastic and carbon fiber fleece; (v) metal, especially sheet metal, and plastic film, etc.

Aluminum or steel or titanium, for example, is provided as the metal or sheet metal. In particular, a combination of aluminum or aluminum sheet and carbon fiber fleece or a combination of steel or steel sheet and carbon fiber fleece or a combination of titanium or titanium sheet and carbon fiber fleece or a combination of a metal alloy or a metal alloy sheet and carbon fiber fleece is provided. A combination of at least one reflective material and at least one absorbent material is preferably provided.

Through the choice of materials and the type of combination, the intensity of the reflection and / or the scattering and / or the absorption and / or the attenuation can be optimally adapted to the requirements with regard to room acoustics. While metal foils have a high degree of reflection for sound waves, nonwovens, for example carbon fiber nonwovens, have particularly high absorbing properties. The acoustic effectiveness can preferably be optimized in the desired manner by the combination of reflecting, scattering and / or absorbing zones or areas with different materials. For example, rows of sound-reflecting and sound-absorbing surface elements can be alternately formed on a structural element. This enables particularly effective sound guidance to be achieved. The structural element preferably comprises a combination of reflecting and / or scattering and / or absorbing and / or attenuating zones or regions. The three-dimensional structure is preferably designed as a combination of reflecting and / or scattering and / or absorbing and / or damping zones or areas or surface elements. A defined acoustic effect can preferably be achieved by a defined arrangement of reflecting and / or scattering and / or absorbing and / or damping zones or areas or surface elements.

The shaping or formation of the structural element or the three-dimensional structure with sheet-like and / or sheet-like materials provides an acoustic element which has a low mass compared to solid material and is therefore preferably easy to handle in use.

As already described above, the one or more elevations and / or the one or more depressions are preferably formed from adjacent surface elements, the surface elements being arranged or being able to be arranged at defined angles to one another. The surface elements are designed as reflecting and / or scattering and / or absorbing surface elements.

So that all materials of a combination of materials are available or provided as reflecting and / or scattering and / or absorbing surface elements, so that all materials can at least partially provide the acoustically active surface or the acoustically active region, this is at least a first material, that is for example the carrier element, preferably provided as a grid element, for example as a perforated plate, and thus has one or more recesses, for example holes, perforations, slots, slits, microperforations or similar recesses or openings. Through these cutouts, both the at least one first material, in particular the carrier element, and the at least one second material can be exposed at least in part to the impinging acoustic waves and thus form the acoustically effective surface. Each surface element or only a few surface elements can have one or more recesses. These embodiments enable filtering or damping adapted to the requirements, for example with regard to a desired room acoustics certain frequencies or frequency ranges from the spectrum of the incident sound waves.

The cutouts or openings, for example in the at least one first material, are preferably made in the material by milling or punching or drilling or lasering or water jet cutting.

The at least one first material and the at least one second material are therefore preferably arranged next to one another in such a way that the at least one second material covers or covers or fills or essentially fills the cutouts. Thus, the at least one second material preferably also forms at least partially the acoustically active surface. The at least one second material is preferably introduced into the cutouts, for example by covering the cutouts with the at least one second material or partially covering the at least one second material with the at least one first material.

In particular, the at least one first material and the at least one second material are preferably formed as a two- or multi-layer material combination or arranged in two or more overlapping layers. The at least one first material then preferably has one or more cutouts into which the at least one second material is introduced, in particular through the two-layer or multilayer arrangement, so that both the at least one first material and the at least one second material form the acoustically effective surface or area.

The at least one first material and the at least one second material are preferably arranged or provided in a defined area ratio to one another. The reflecting and / or scattering and / or absorbing and / or attenuating zones or regions are preferably arranged in a defined area ratio to one another. For example, defined acoustic effects can be achieved.

The individual surface elements can preferably be designed in such a way that a single recess of the at least one first material, for example the carrier element, as a frame with a recess which exposes almost the entire surface of a surface element, for example a square, rectangular, round or oval recess or opening is provided. Alternatively, several rectangular, triangular, round, oval or serrated openings or similar recesses of the same or different sizes can be provided on each or only on individual surface elements. The at least one first material, for example the carrier element, is thus designed, for example, as a perforated plate, the sheet-like material with low rigidity, for example a non-self-supporting material, in one embodiment on one side, for example the back of the at least one first material, for example the carrier element, is applied, for example is glued on, that is to say on the side of the at least one first material that faces away from the incident or arriving acoustic waves. The at least one second material can preferably also be exposed to the incoming acoustic waves via the cutouts.

The second material can also be formed with cutouts, these cutouts preferably being able to be covered with a third material.

The carrier element accordingly has a first side, a front side and a second side, a rear side, for example the front side in the finished structural element being intended to face a sound source and the rear side being intended to receive the at least one second material . The cutout (s) can also be used to expose or expose the at least one second material of a sound source and thus acoustic waves.

The carrier element - and thus the at least one first material - thus preferably also acts as protection for the at least one second, web-like material with low rigidity against damage.

In one embodiment, a plurality of materials are provided for cladding the at least one first material, for example the support element. Preferably the materials can be attached or attached to the carrier element in one layer or with several folded layers, preferably at a distance.

A suitable combination of shape, for example folding geometry, and material enables unique acoustic effects to be achieved. At the same time, the design effects can be varied in an unprecedented variety by an optimal combination of material, imprint, shape, for example folding geometry, and design of the overall system.

An acoustic basic idea is based on the fact that the three-dimensional shape, in particular the folding, compensates for two acoustically relevant deficits of sheet-like or sheet-like materials with a low area-related mass: the kinks stiffen the structure so that additional structures such as beams, e.g. perforated plates, are avoided can be. In addition, the spatial arrangement preferably also increases the effective layer thickness. In addition, the combination of reflective and absorbent zones with different materials allows the acoustic effectiveness to be optimally adapted to the requirements (reflection, scattering, absorption, damping). Depending on the design and material combination, the system can be set from pure reflection / scatter to pure absorption, for example. A combination of sheet-like material with sheet-like material can preferably be used to produce or provide combinations with a defined area ratio or defined area ratios of the different materials.

Various acoustic principles such as damping via flow resistance, resonance system with closed air layers, inertia and / or Helmholtz resonators in connection with closed chambers come into play here.

The structural element can preferably be formed in one layer or have several folded layers, preferably also at a distance. Hollow chambers can preferably also be provided in the folding structures. A combination of stiff and sheet-like materials can also be used here.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the structural element is designed to be changeable in its dimension. As a result, foldable and transportable structural elements are realized which, for example, only unfold on site or are also opened and folded again after use. Adaptive structural elements can also be implemented, which can be variably adapted to the requirements, for example to the room acoustics, by the degree of unfolding. This embodiment of the invention is particularly suitable for free installation in space.

In a second aspect, a system for reflecting and / or scattering and / or absorbing and or damping acoustic waves is provided to solve one or more of the above-mentioned tasks, said system comprising at least one structural element or a plurality or a plurality of structural elements, as described above, includes.

For example, the system includes two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty or more such structural elements as those above are described. In principle, the system can also be formed from only one structural element.

The same or similar advantages result as have already been described in connection with the structural element.

In one embodiment, a plurality of structural elements are joined together or can be joined together to form a flat or curved surface.

In order to be able to attach the structural element or the system to walls or ceilings or other objects in a flexible, in particular detachable manner, the structural element and / or the system is in a further embodiment by means of a fastening device, preferably in a location provided for this purpose, preferably removable or removable , attachable. For this purpose, at least a first part of the fastening device is preferably attached or attachable to the rear of the structural element, while a second part of the fastening device is attached or attachable to a location provided for the attachment.

The fastening device preferably comprises at least one carrier device, preferably adapted to the geometry of the elevations and / or depressions, for carrying the structural element and thus also the system. The carrier device is formed, for example, from plastic, metal, wood or a composite material, preferably it is provided as a 3D-printed plastic element. The fastening device preferably also comprises a first coupling element or a plurality of first coupling elements which is or are attached or attached to the carrier device, and a second or a plurality of second coupling elements which is or are attached or attached to the location provided for fastening, so that the structural element or the system can be fastened or attached to the location provided for fastening by the interaction of at least one first coupling element with at least one second coupling element.

The fastening device can comprise a carrier device or also a plurality of carrier devices, with corresponding coupling elements, at least one first coupling element and at least one second coupling element being provided with each carrier device.

The first coupling element is preferably provided as a magnet, which is fastened or can be fastened to the carrier device, for example by means of a screw connection. The wall or the ceiling, that is to say the place provided for fastening, then preferably has a magnetic holder as the second coupling element, for example a further magnet, an iron element, for example an iron strip, or another magnetic element, for example a magnetic metal rail, so that the structural element can be attached to the desired location via a magnetic connection. Instead of a magnetic connection, a Velcro connection, an adhesive connection or a hook connection can also be provided. For example, washers or a thread ensure precise adjustment of the wall distance.

The first coupling element can also be connected to the carrier device by means of an adhesive connection or rivet connection.

However, the carrier device itself can also be designed as a first coupling element.

Several associated first and second coupling elements, that is to say coupling pairs, enable the structural element or several structural elements and thus preferably also the system to be securely attached to the desired location, for example a wall or ceiling.

The structural element is, for example, square or rectangular, preferably a plate element or plate-shaped. Then a carrier device is preferably provided with at least a first and a second coupling element for each corner of the square structural element or of the rectangular structural element. Several coupling element pairs can also be provided for secure fastening.

The second coupling element can, for example, also be attached as a one-piece element, for example as a frame or a rail system, at the location provided for fastening, so that preferably a plurality of first coupling elements interact with this one second coupling element.

The carrier device or the plurality of carrier devices are preferably glued to the structural element.

A frame element can also be provided as the carrier device, which surrounds the structural element on its circumference or essentially surrounds on its circumference. The frame element can also be designed as a first coupling element. The frame element preferably surrounds the structure element and is preferably designed and / or arranged such that it stabilizes the structure element.

The structural elements can be arranged in one layer, next to one another, or in several layers at a distance. The desired acoustic effects can be achieved through the choice of materials and structural shapes. The combination enables the system to be set up as an acoustic element of any size. As a result, entire walls or ceilings, in particular hard walls or ceilings, can be designed with acoustically effective overall systems, preferably with an air layer behind them in front of hard wall and / or ceiling.

In one embodiment, the structural element, as described above, or the system, as described above, can be mounted on a ceiling and / or a wall, or can be set up freely in the room or freely suspended in it. In a further embodiment, the structural element or the system can be attached or attached to a cord system at the location of the attachment or the location provided for attachment.

A particularly large-area arrangement can be both planar and curved. As a result, three-dimensional geometries can be set up, for example, which achieve predeterminable acoustic effects.

In one embodiment, the dimension of the system can be changed, in particular dismantled and / or collapsible and / or foldable and / or transportable. This preferably also applies to the structural element, here in particular foldable and / or foldable and / or transportable. The system can preferably be disassembled into its individual structural elements and / or the structural elements are designed to be foldable, for example. The system as a whole can also be designed to be foldable.

In a third aspect, in order to solve one or more of the above-mentioned tasks, the use of a structural element for reflection and / or scattering and / or absorption and / or attenuation of acoustic waves, as described above, or a system for reflection and / or scattering and / or absorption and / or damping of acoustic waves, as described above, for the defined steering and / or alignment of acoustic waves in one or more directions and / or for the defined absorption or damping of acoustic waves.

The structural element or the system can thus be used for conference, work and living rooms, concert halls, event areas, foyers, and / or for or at exhibition stands. Depending on the requirement, the structural element or the system can be designed and customizable. By means of a defined orientation and a defined nature of the three-dimensional structure or also the elevation (s) and / or depression (s), the acoustic waves can be directed and / or absorbed or damped in a targeted manner in one or more desired direction (s).

In a fourth aspect, a method for producing a structural element for reflecting and / or scattering and / or absorbing and / or attenuating acoustic waves, as described above, is provided to solve one or more of the above-mentioned objects, the structural element under Use of forming techniques, especially using folding technology or folding technology.

In one embodiment, a structural element is formed from a basic element or starting element, the basic element being provided as an in particular planar, in particular flat element. The base element preferably has predetermined fold lines or edges, which are preferably designed as pre-milled or pre-embossed fold lines or fold edges. Using the fold lines, the structural element can be brought into the desired shape, that is to say into the three-dimensional structure, for example by folding or kinking along the fold lines. The fold lines can also be worked into the basic element using other techniques.

The basic element is designed, for example, as a planar element, as described above, for example, as a sheet-like and / or sheet-like element.

In one embodiment, as already described with the structural element, the basic element has at least one first material and / or at least one second material, which is or have been designed or arranged in this way, for example connected to one another, for example glued to one another, so that the structural element is made therefrom can be trained or formed. The at least one first material is preferably designed as a carrier element made of sheet-like material which is covered or covered with the at least one second material, a sheet-like material, on at least one side, preferably the rear side. This combination of materials can then be used to make the structural element with the, preferably using the fold lines provided in the carrier element Form three-dimensional structure, in particular fold, so that the resulting kinks form the one or more elevations and / or the one or more recesses of the three-dimensional structure.

The surface elements described above are thus delimited from one another, for example, by means of folds, crease lines or fold lines or edges; the crease or fold edges form, for example, a V-shaped dividing line. Alternatively, the dividing lines can also be designed as a U-shaped dividing line.

In a further aspect, therefore, a basic element is provided which comprises at least one first material and / or at least one second material, the at least one first material and / or the at least one second material at least one or more fold or crease lines for forming or shaping the one or more elevations and / or the one or more recesses of the three-dimensional structure of the structural element, as described above, comprises or comprise.

Preferably only one material has the fold line (s), however both or the multiple materials can have the fold line (s).

So that the two or more combined materials are available for processing the acoustic waves, the at least one first material, for example the carrier element, as explained above, comprises cutouts, so that the at least one second material, for example the web-like material through which recesses are visible and thus available as an effective area share. The structural element is then designed, for example, as a cellular structure.

The cutout (s) of the at least one first material can or can preferably be covered by the at least one second material or the at least one second material is inserted as an insert in the cutout (s). The first material and also the second material or possibly further materials together form the acoustically effective surface.

The structural element according to the invention can thus be produced or manufactured using the methods of the forming technology. The structural element is folded, for example, from flat, flat starting material, the basic element.

Decisive for the effectiveness of the structural elements according to the invention are the material sizes, the flow resistance, the area-related mass, the geometry of elevations and depressions (for example folded geometry), the geometry of perforations, recesses and / or slits, the area proportion of perforations, recesses and / or Slits and / or their partial modification by coating or printing. The at least one first material and / or also the at least one second material preferably have one or more coatings or imprints which can likewise bring about a defined acoustic effect.

• Material, vorzugsweise Faltmaterial:
  Entscheidend sind die Materialgrößen, Strömungswiderstand und flächenbezogene Masse, die Geometrie von Aussparungen sowie deren partielle Modifikation zum Beispiel durch Beschichten oder Bedrucken. Ausgangsmaterialien sind insbesondere Folien, perforiert und nicht-perforiert, Bleche, gelocht und nichtgelocht, Textilien, Vliese, poröse Materialien, Papiere und dergleichen. Besonders wirksam, insbesondere im Bereich der Absorption, sind Carbonfaser-Vliese, zum Beispiel aus Recyclingmaterial.
• Formgebung, vorzugsweise Faltung:
  Die aussteifende Wirkung der Erhebungen und Vertiefungen (zum Beispiel Faltungen) verhindert die Luftschall-Anregung bei Verwendung leichter Materialien. Mit der räumlichen Ausbildung der Faltstruktur wird außerdem die akustisch wirksame Schichtdicke erhöht. Die dreidimensionale Faltgeometrie bewirkt zudem eine Reflexion und Streuung der akustischen Wellen und so eine über die Faltgeometrie, das Faltmaterial sowie die Kombination verschiedener Materialien - flächig oder in lokalen Zonen - optimierbare akustische Wirksamkeit. Die Falten, also die Erhebungen und/oder Vertiefungen, können in ihrer Höhe und Form in einem weiten Bereich variiert werden, zum Beispiel eckig, rund, variable Höhe etc. Die Kombination reflektierender und absorbierender Werkstoffe kann zum Beispiel durch Aussparungen in einem steifen Material erfolgen, in die ein poröses Material eingebracht wird bzw. eingebracht ist, wie zum Beispiel ein gefaltetes Aluminiumblech, in das in den flächigen Bereichen Aussparungen vorzugsweise durch Fräsen oder Stanzen oder Bohren oder Lasern oder Wasserstrahlschneiden eingebracht sind oder werden. Auf der Rückseite des Aluminiumblechs wird dann ein Vlies vorzugsweise aufgeklebt bzw. ist ein Vlies aufgeklebt.
• Anordnung als System bzw. Gesamtsystem:
  Die Anordnung der gefalteten Strukturelemente, zum Beispiel der Absorberelemente, müssen insbesondere bei einer Positionierung frei im Raum sowie mit ggf. dahinterliegender Luftschicht vor schallharter Wand bzw. Decke betrachtet werden. Für den Aufbau der Strukturelemente ergeben sich folgende Möglichkeiten: einlagig, mehrere gefaltete Lagen, vorzugsweise auf Abstand, Material, zum Beispiel das mindestens eine erste Material, mit ein- oder beidseitiger Beplankung aus porösem Material, Hohlkammern aus Faltstrukturen und/oder Kombination aus steifen Bereichen, zum Beispiel aus Blechen, und porösen Bereichen, zum Beispiel Vliesen, mit definiertem Flächenverhältnis.
• Anordnung im Raum:
  Die akustischen Faltelemente können an der Decke oder an Wänden, vorzugsweise mit definiertem Wandabstand montiert werden, frei im Raum stehen oder hängen. Es besteht die Möglichkeit die Strukturelemente oder Module in beliebiger Größe, vorzugsweise 350 mm x 375 mm oder 500 mm x 500 mm oder 530 mm x 500 mm oder 500 mm x 700 mm, herzustellen und diese zu einem Gesamtelement, also zu einem System, zu kombinieren. Hierbei lassen sich gleiche Elemente oder Elemente mit unterschiedlichen akustischen Eigenschaften kombinieren. Auch lassen sich großflächige Strukturelemente herstellen, zum Beispiel als ein einstückiges System. Sowohl das einzelne Strukturelement, als auch das System können vorzugsweise eben oder gekrümmt ausgebildet sein. Durch eine Verformung der Faltgeometrie kann jede beliebige Geometrie erzielt werden, zum Beispiel eben oder dreidimensional.
• Wandbefestigung:
  Die Befestigung der Strukturelemente oder auch des Systems erfolgt schnell, fest und gleichzeitig flexibel und demontierbar auf Basis unterschiedlichster Vorrichtungen oder Strukturen. Hierzu ist/sind vorzugsweise eine oder mehrere Befestigungsvorrichtungen vorgesehen. Vorzugsweise umfassen diese Formteile, zum Beispiel die oben beschriebenen Trägereinrichtungen, vorzugsweise geometrieangepasst, vorzugsweise aus Kunststoff, Metall oder Holz, die zum Beispiel von hinten in die Faltstruktur, also das Strukturelement, eingeklebt werden oder sind. "Von hinten" meint hier die Rückseite des Strukturelements oder des Systems, die der Seite, auf der die akustischen Wellen auftreffen, abgewandt ist. Die Formteile oder Trägereinrichtungen dienen als Halterung für Kopplungselemente, die beispielsweise ein oder mehrere Magnete, ein oder mehrere Klettverschlüsse und/oder ein oder mehrere Klebesysteme umfassen können. An der Trägereinrichtung wird der entsprechende Fügepartner, also ein Kopplungselement, zum Beispiel eine Stahlleiste, ein Magnet, ein Teil eines Klettverschlusses oder eines Klebesystem, befestigt. Alternativ kann das Kopplungselement auf einer insbesondere dünnen Grundplatte befestigt werden, die dann von hinten auf die Faltstruktur zum Beispiel aufgeklebt wird. Die Montage an Wand und Decke kann zum Beispiel durch Magnete, Klicksysteme oder Kleben erfolgen, zum Beispiel über ein weiteres Kopplungselement. Vorzugsweise durch Unterlagscheiben oder ein Gewinde ist eine genaue Justierung des Wandabstandes möglich.
  Unterschiedliche Abstände zwischen Strukturelement oder System und dem zum Befestigen vorgesehenen Ort, zum Beispiel Wand oder Decke, ermöglichen eine Variation und/oder Optimierung in der akustischen Wirkung des Strukturelements oder Systems. Zum Beispiel lassen sich bestimmte Frequenzen je nach Wandabstand ausfiltern.
• Variable Systeme:
  Da die Faltung ein kinematisches System darstellt, können die Systeme in ihrer Dimension verändert werden, sind also in ihrer Dimension veränderbar. So können transportable Systeme, Akustik-to-go, ebenso realisiert werden, wie adaptive Systeme, deren akustische Wirksamkeit durch den Grad der Auseinanderfaltung variabel den Anforderungen angepasst werden kann. Dabei wird der Grad der absorbierenden, streuenden und reflektierenden Wirkung variiert.

The components and system-relevant parameters of the overall acoustic system are in particular as follows:

• Material, preferably folded material:
  The decisive factors are the material sizes, flow resistance and area-related mass, the geometry of recesses and their partial modification, for example by coating or printing. Starting materials are in particular foils, perforated and non-perforated, sheets, perforated and non-perforated, textiles, nonwovens, porous materials, papers and the like. Carbon fiber nonwovens, for example made from recycling material, are particularly effective, particularly in the area of absorption.
• Shape, preferably folding:
  The stiffening effect of the elevations and depressions (e.g. folds) prevents airborne sound excitation when using light materials. With the spatial formation of the folding structure, the acoustically effective layer thickness is also increased. The three-dimensional folding geometry also causes reflection and scattering of the acoustic waves and thus an acoustic effectiveness that can be optimized via the folding geometry, the folding material and the combination of different materials - flat or in local zones. The folds, that is Elevations and / or depressions can be varied in their height and shape in a wide range, for example angular, round, variable height, etc. The combination of reflective and absorbent materials can be done, for example, by cutouts in a rigid material into which a porous Material is introduced or is introduced, such as a folded aluminum sheet, into which recesses are or are introduced in the flat areas, preferably by milling or punching or drilling or lasering or water jet cutting. A fleece is then preferably glued on the back of the aluminum sheet or a fleece is glued on.
• Arrangement as a system or overall system:
  The arrangement of the folded structural elements, for example the absorber elements, must be considered in particular when positioning them freely in the room and, if necessary, with an air layer behind them in front of the reverberant wall or ceiling. There are the following options for the construction of the structural elements: single-layer, several folded layers, preferably at a distance, material, for example the at least one first material, with one or both sides planking made of porous material, hollow chambers made of folded structures and / or combination of stiff areas , for example from sheet metal, and porous areas, for example nonwovens, with a defined area ratio.
• Arrangement in the room:
  The acoustic folding elements can be mounted on the ceiling or on walls, preferably with a defined distance from the wall, standing or hanging freely in the room. It is possible to manufacture the structural elements or modules in any size, preferably 350 mm x 375 mm or 500 mm x 500 mm or 530 mm x 500 mm or 500 mm x 700 mm, and to form them into an overall element, i.e. a system combine. The same elements or elements with different acoustic properties can be combined. Large-scale structural elements can also be produced, for example as a one-piece system. Both the individual structural element and the system can preferably be flat or curved. By deforming the folding geometry, any geometry can be achieved, for example flat or three-dimensional.
• Wall mounting:
  The structural elements or the system are fastened quickly, firmly and at the same time flexibly and can be dismantled on the basis of a wide variety of devices or structures. For this purpose, one or more fastening devices are / are preferably provided. These molded parts preferably comprise, for example, the carrier devices described above, preferably adapted to the geometry, preferably made of plastic, metal or wood, which, for example, are or are glued into the folded structure, that is to say the structural element, from behind. "From behind" here means the back of the structural element or the system, which faces away from the side on which the acoustic waves strike. The molded parts or carrier devices serve as a holder for coupling elements, which can comprise, for example, one or more magnets, one or more Velcro fasteners and / or one or more adhesive systems. The corresponding joining partner, that is to say a coupling element, for example a steel strip, a magnet, part of a Velcro fastener or an adhesive system, is fastened to the carrier device. Alternatively, the coupling element can be attached to a particularly thin base plate, which is then glued onto the folding structure from behind, for example. Mounting on walls and ceilings can be done, for example, using magnets, click systems or gluing, for example using another coupling element. Precise adjustment of the wall distance is possible, preferably using washers or a thread.
  Different distances between the structural element or system and the location provided for fastening, for example wall or ceiling, allow variation and / or optimization in the acoustic effect of the structural element or system. For example, certain frequencies can be filtered out depending on the distance from the wall.
• Variable systems:
  Since the folding represents a kinematic system, the dimensions of the systems can be changed, so their dimensions can be changed. So portable systems, acoustics-to-go, can be implemented as well as adaptive systems, whose acoustic effectiveness can be variably adjusted to the requirements by the degree of unfolding. The degree of absorbing, scattering and reflecting effect is varied.

Further embodiments of the invention result from the dependent claims.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1

Ansicht der Vorderseite eines Grundelements in einer Ausführungsform als Basis für ein Strukturelement;

Fig. 2

Ansicht der Rückseite des Grundelements gemäß Fig. 1;

Fig. 3

Ansicht der Vorderseite eines dreidimensionalen Strukturelements im fertig gefalteten Zustand in einer Ausführungsform;

Fig. 4

Schnittansicht des Strukturelements gemäß Fig. 3, wobei der Schnitt entlang der in Fig. 3 eingezeichneten Linie A-A verläuft, gezeigt ist ein Ausschnitt;

Fig. 5

Ansicht eines Strukturelements im fertig gefalteten Zustand in einer Ausführungsform;

Fig. 6

Ansicht eines Strukturelements im fertig gefalteten Zustand in einer Ausführungsform;

Fig. 7

schematische Ansicht eines Systems von Strukturelementen, das mehrere Strukturelemente umfasst, gezeigt ist ein Ausschnitt;

Fig. 8

Ansicht der Vorderseite eines Grundelements in einer Ausführungsform als Basis für ein Strukturelement;

Fig. 9

Schnittansicht eines Strukturelements in einer Ausführungsform, wobei der Schnitt entlang der in Fig. 8 schematisch eingezeichneten Linie B-B verläuft und wobei das Strukturelement aus dem Grundelement gemäß Fig. 8 ausgebildet ist, gezeigt ist ein Ausschnitt;

Fig. 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, 10H, 10I

Ansichten der Rückseiten von Grundelementen in weiteren Ausführungsformen;

Fig. 11A, 11B, 11C, 11D, 11E

schematische Darstellung von Schnittansichten eines Strukturelements in unterschiedlichen Klappzuständen;

Fig. 12

Schnittansicht des Strukturelements gemäß Fig. 3, mit einer Befestigungsvorrichtung in einer Ausführungsform, wobei der Schnitt entlang der in Fig. 3 eingezeichneten Linie A-A verläuft, gezeigt ist ein Ausschnitt;

Fig. 13

Schematische Ansicht der Rückseite des Strukturelements gemäß Fig. 3, mit einem Teil einer Befestigungsvorrichtung in einer Ausführungsform;

Fig. 14

Ansicht der Vorderseite eines dreidimensionalen Strukturelements im fertig gefalteten Zustand in einer Ausführungsform, wobei beispielhaft unterschiedliche Aussparungen gezeigt sind.

Embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with the aid of figures. Here show:

Fig. 1

View of the front of a basic element in one embodiment as a base for a structural element;

Fig. 2

View of the back of the basic element according to Fig. 1 ;

Fig. 3

View of the front of a three-dimensional structural element in the fully folded state in one embodiment;

Fig. 4

Sectional view of the structural element according to Fig. 3 , the cut along the in Fig. 3 drawn line AA runs, a detail is shown;

Fig. 5

View of a structural element in the fully folded state in one embodiment;

Fig. 6

View of a structural element in the fully folded state in one embodiment;

Fig. 7

schematic view of a system of structural elements, which comprises several structural elements, a detail is shown;

Fig. 8

View of the front of a basic element in one embodiment as a base for a structural element;

Fig. 9

Sectional view of a structural element in one embodiment, the section along the in Fig. 8 schematically drawn line BB and wherein the structural element from the basic element according to Fig. 8 a detail is shown;

Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, 10H, 10I

Views of the backs of basic elements in further embodiments;

Figures 11A, 11B, 11C, 11D, 11E

schematic representation of sectional views of a structural element in different folding states;

Fig. 12

Sectional view of the structural element according to Fig. 3 , with a fastening device in one embodiment, wherein the section along the in Fig. 3 drawn line AA runs, a detail is shown;

Fig. 13

Schematic view of the back of the structural element according to Fig. 3 , with part of a fastening device in one embodiment;

Fig. 14

View of the front of a three-dimensional structural element in the fully folded state in one embodiment, different cutouts being shown by way of example.

Detailed description of the drawings

In the following description, the same reference numbers are used for the same and equivalent parts.

Fig. 1 shows the front side 11 of a basic element 10, here for example made of a metal, in one embodiment, as the basis for the formation of a three-dimensional structural element 100, that is to say before the forming, for example by folding. The basic element 10 is here as a planar or essentially planar, sheet-like element formed, wherein jagged end edges are preferably provided on two opposite sides.

Fig. 2 shows the back 12 of the base element 10 according to Fig. 1 . Prefabricated fold lines 14, target fold lines, here for example on the rear side 12, are preferably provided. Depending on the material, the fold lines 14 are pre-milled or embossed, for example, for easier machining. On the basis of the predetermined folding lines, the basic element is divided into individual surface elements 200.

Fig. 3 shows a view, here for example the front side 110, of a three-dimensional structural element or acoustic element 100 in the fully folded state in one embodiment. The representation can represent a complete structural element 100 or just a section of a structural element. This structural element is, for example, from the basic element Fig. 1 or 2nd shaped.

The structural element 100 shown shows the individual, here flat surface elements 200, which make up the surface elements Fig. 1 correspond. The surface elements are designed, for example, as surface elements reflecting and / or scattering and / or absorbing acoustic waves, the surface elements being arranged at defined angles to one another. In the folded state, adjacent surface elements are arranged at defined angles to one another, here in particular at angles different from 180 degrees. Since incident sound waves impinge on adjacent surface elements at different angles, in this case they are reflected in different directions by these surface elements due to the surface elements 200 reflecting, for example, metallic acoustic waves. As a result, the acoustic waves can preferably be directed in a specifiable direction by a suitable choice of the geometry and arrangement of the surface elements 200. This means that the arrangement allows a defined control of the sound waves. The structural element 100 is formed here, for example, from sheet-like material, for example from aluminum or an aluminum alloy.

The described structural element 100 can be used for reflection and / or scattering and / or absorption, or possibly also damping of acoustic waves, i.e. sound waves, be formed, wherein the surface elements 200 form elevations 131 and depressions 132 due to the angular arrangement, which are arranged as a three-dimensional structure 130 such that the acoustic waves at the elevations 131 and / or at the depressions 132 can be steered in one or more directions and / or can be aligned. The acoustic waves can also be absorbed or damped.

In this case, elevations are defined such that they are arranged closer to a viewer of the front side 110 of the structural element 100 than depressions. If a viewer were to look at the back of the structural element, the elevations, depending on the design of the structural element, are here, for example, the depressions.

The three-dimensional structure, which is formed here, for example, from sheet-like material, is formed by folding. This means that the individual surface elements 200, which form the elevations 131 and depressions 132, are delimited from one another by folds or fold lines 140 or also fold lines. A stiffening effect is achieved by the folding or the kinks, so that the structural element 100 is designed to be easy to handle and / or stable.

In another exemplary embodiment, the surface elements 200 can be provided as surface elements that absorb acoustic waves and, for example, have a carbon layer or be formed from a carbon fiber fleece or a textile structure or a microperforated film. In this case, the structural element can be used as a sound absorber.

Fig. 4 shows a section of a sectional view of the structural element 100 according to FIG Fig. 3 , the cut along the in Fig. 3 drawn line AA runs. The fold structure can be seen in the illustration. The folding structure of the structural element 100 has the three-dimensional structure 130 with elevations and depressions and shows the surface elements 200. The surface elements 200 can be designed as surface elements reflecting acoustic waves and / or as surface elements absorbing acoustic waves and / or as surface elements scattering acoustic waves.

The Fig. 5 and 6 show alternative folding geometries of structural elements 100 that lead to different deflection behavior of acoustic waves. They can be specifically dimensioned and used for predeterminable sound deflections. Depending on the material, sound absorption can also be achieved with these structures. Fig. 5 For example, shows several parallel fold lines of the three-dimensional structure 130, in Fig. 6 curved surface areas or surface elements are also provided.

Fig. 7 FIG. 4 shows a section of a schematic view of a system 400 that is composed of a plurality or a plurality of structural elements 100. In principle, only a juxtaposition of basic elements is shown here for a better overview. The aim is to assemble the fully formed structural elements into a system, so that on the one hand desired acoustic effects can be achieved, but on the other hand a design element is also available so that the desired physical aspects are linked with an attractive design. Any structural elements can preferably be combined, both in shape and in number, it being possible to form flat surfaces, curved surfaces or other geometries.

Fig. 8 shows the view of the front side 11 of a basic element 10 in one embodiment as the basis for a further three-dimensional structural element 100, that is to say before the forming. The base element 10 is in turn designed as a planar or substantially planar sheet-like element, with jagged end edges preferably being provided on two opposite sides. The basic element here is formed from a first material 220, for example from a sheet-like material, for example an aluminum sheet, and from a second material 221, for example from a sheet-like material, for example a carbon fiber fleece. The first material 220 here has a higher rigidity than the second material 221, so that the first material is provided as a carrier element for the second material. The first material 220 has cutouts 210 which are filled by the second material 221 or covered by the second material, since the materials here are arranged in two layers on one another or on top of one another. The individual surface elements 200 are formed here from the first material 220 and the second material 221, so that both materials form a portion of an acoustically effective surface.

In this embodiment, prefabricated fold lines 14, intended fold lines, are provided, but not visible here, since they are formed on the rear side 12 of the base element 10. Depending on the material, the fold lines 14 are provided, for example as a groove, for example milled or embossed, for easier machinability or formability. The surface elements 200 are defined here, for example, by the fold lines that are not visible here.

The first material 220 has, for example, a diamond-shaped recess 210 and forms a type of frame for each surface element 200. The recesses 210 can, for example, also be square or rectangular, or have any other shape, preferably within the shape of a surface element predetermined by the fold lines. Recesses can also be formed beyond the fold lines. A surface element 200 can also have a plurality of cutouts. The second material 221, here for example the carbon fiber fleece, is attached to one side of the first material, so the first material is covered with the second material, for example. The individual surface elements 200 thus have a carbon fiber fleece which is framed by the aluminum sheet and is thus kept in shape. The individual surface elements 200 are thus designed as surface elements reflecting acoustic waves and surface elements absorbing acoustic waves, the proportion of the surface element having an absorbing effect being large compared to the proportion having a reflecting effect. In this respect, the structural element made therefrom is provided as a structural element that essentially absorbs acoustic waves. As a result, this embodiment of a basic element 10 can be used to produce a sound absorber.

Fig. 9 FIG. 4 shows a section of a sectional view of a structural element 100 in one embodiment, the section along the line in FIG Fig. 8 schematically drawn line BB runs and wherein the structural element 100 according to the base element 10 Fig. 8 is trained. The structural element 100 is formed from the first material 220, which is provided as a carrier element for the second material 221. The folding structure of the structural element 100 is a three-dimensional structure 130 with elevations and depressions. The surface elements 200 described above show the two materials. Since the cutouts 210 formed by the first material 220 also include Acoustic wave absorbing material, the second material 221, are filled, essentially a structural element 100 is shown with a significant sound absorbing effect. In addition, the design of the structural element with the different materials creates an element with a high aesthetic effect. The structural element is preferably also provided as a design element.

The Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, 10H, 10I show views of basic elements 10 in further embodiments. The rear sides 12 are shown with the predetermined target folding lines 14 (reference numerals only in FIG Figure 10C specified). Only basic elements are shown here which are made of a first material 220 (reference numerals only in Figure 10F specified) are formed, for example from sheet-like materials. These can be combined with a second material (not shown) in order to achieve the desired acoustic effect. For example, a first material can be combined with a second material, the stiffness of the first material being higher than a stiffness of the second material.

The basic elements 10 shown here all have cutouts 210 (reference numerals only in FIG Figure 10F specified) of various forms; The recesses 210 or holes are thus, for example, square, round, oval, triangular, linear or serrated, and these recesses can be provided in different sizes and in different combinations. Any web-like material 221 can be applied to one or both sides, front and / or back 12 and can have reflecting or absorbing properties.

By selecting the ratio of the degree of reflection, scattering and / or absorption of the first material and the degree of reflection, scattering and / or absorption of the second material and / or the ratio of the areas of the first material and the second material, the acoustic properties of the structural elements 100 formed from the basic elements 10 can be set over a wide range. The direction of the sound waves can be effectively adjusted by a suitable combination of acoustically acting or effective surfaces. The Figures 11A to 11E show a schematic representation of sectional views of a structural element 100 or also a system 400 in different folding states or also folding states. Shown are a structural element 100 or also a system 400 that is designed to be foldable or foldable and thus its dimension can be changed. As a result, the acoustic properties can be variably adapted to the requirements on site by the degree of unfolding or unfolding. In addition, the foldability means that the dimension of the structural element 100 or also of the system 400 can be changed to such an extent, in particular that it can be reduced, that they are transportable. Folding here does not mean the actual forming technique 'folding' for the production of the structural element, but rather rather pulling apart and collapsing the already finished structural element or also the system.

Such an embodiment of the invention can be used particularly flexibly at trade fairs, conferences and for events. The foldability or foldability of the structural element or system can be achieved due to the special folding structure of the structural element. In addition, for example, a plurality of structural elements 100 can also be flexibly connected to one another to form a flexible system 400, for example by means of joints. The Figures 11A to 11E schematically show the collapsed or essentially collapsed or possibly compressed state, Figure 11A , unfolding or stretching, Figure 11B , the opened or stretched state, Figure 11C , folding or squeezing, Figure 11D , and again the collapsed or essentially collapsed or possibly compressed state, Figure 11E .

Structural elements or systems that can be changed in their dimensions are therefore particularly suitable for use in conference, work and living rooms, in concert halls, event areas, foyers and / or for exhibition stands. Structural elements that are differently stretched or compressed, that is to say structural elements that have changed dimensions, can achieve different acoustic effects, preferably also if their three-dimensional structure is identical in the non-stretched or non-compressed state. The degree and / or the frequency of the absorbing, scattering and reflecting effect is varied.

Fig. 12 shows a sectional view of the structural element 100 according to FIG Fig. 3 , with a fastening device in one embodiment, wherein the section along the in Fig. 3 drawn line AA runs. A section is shown.

Fig. 12 shows the structural element 100 with a fastening device 300 for fastening the structural element 100 with its rear side 120 to a wall or ceiling, that is to say at a location 500 provided for fastening. Depending on the size of the structural element 100, one or more fastening devices 300 are used.

In this case, the fastening device 300 comprises a carrier device 310 which carries a first coupling element 320, here for example a magnet. The first coupling element 320 is here connected to the carrier device 310, for example via a screw connection 330, for example a nut is visible. The carrier device 310 is formed, for example, from plastic, metal or wood or also from a composite material and is connected or connectable to the structural element 100, for example by gluing.

At the location 500 provided for fastening the structural element 100, here for example on a wall, a second coupling element 321, here for example a magnetic holder, is provided or fastened, for example glued or screwed to the wall. The second coupling element 321 is provided, for example, as a, in this case magnetic, metal rail. The first and second coupling elements 320, 321 can thus be magnetically connected to one another. The structural element 100 with the first coupling element 320 can thus be fastened to the second coupling element 321 on the wall 500, here, for example, simply by clicking or clicking on it. The carrier device and the first coupling element, preferably here with a screw connection, possibly also with the second coupling element, thus form, for example, a docking bridge; the attachment here takes place via the action of force between two magnetic elements.

A, for example, quadrangular structural element can, for example, be connected to the location provided for fastening at each corner via a fastening device.

Fig. 13 shows a schematic view of the rear side 120 of the structural element 100 according to FIG Fig. 3 , with a fastening device in a further embodiment. A frame element 340 is provided here, which can be designed as a carrier device or as a first coupling element. In the case of training as a carrier device, for example, one or more first coupling elements can be connected or connected to the frame element, which in turn can be connected to one or more second coupling elements. If the frame element is designed as a first coupling element, it can interact directly with one or more second coupling elements.

Fig. 14 shows the view of the front of a three-dimensional structural element in the fully folded state in one embodiment, different cutouts being shown by way of example. The three-dimensional representation shows possible exemplary cutouts 210 and a first material 220 and a second material 221 only in part. A structural element is preferably formed with identical surface elements; however, the surface elements can also be designed differently, with and without recess and / or with different recess shapes and patterns. Any combinations are possible.

With the structural elements according to the invention and the systems according to the invention, preferably folded acoustic objects, preferably made of sheet metal, paper or foils, are provided, which are also distinguished by a unique look. The acoustically effective elements create a combination of acoustic function and design. Due to the combination of folding geometry and folding material (flat or local), reflection, scattering and / or absorption or damping can be optimally adapted to the requirements of a desired room acoustics. With the structural elements and systems according to the invention, collapsible, transportable acoustic objects are realized which are at the same time extremely light, collapsed, very small and easily transportable and are only deployed on site. This is of particular interest for trade fair construction and events.

Reference list

10th

Basic element

11

front

12th

back

14

Fold line, target fold line

100

Structural element

110

front

120

back

130

three-dimensional structure

131

Survey

132

deepening

140

Kink, crease line, fold line

200

Surface element

210

Recess

220

first material, sheet-like material

221

second material, web-like material

300

Fastening device

310

Carrier device

320

first coupling element

321

second coupling element

330

Screw connection

340

Frame element

400

system

500

intended location, wall, ceiling

Claims (18)

Structural element (100) for reflection and / or scattering and / or absorption of acoustic waves, comprising one or more elevations (131) and / or one or more depressions (132), which is or are arranged as a three-dimensional structure (130), that the acoustic waves on the one or more elevations (131) and / or on the one or more depressions (132) can be directed and / or aligned and / or absorbed in one or more directions. The structural element (100) according to claim 1, wherein the one or more elevations (131) and / or the one or more depressions (132) is or are formed from adjacent surface elements (200), the surface elements (200) being defined in a defined manner Are arranged at angles or at defined angles to each other. Structural element (100) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein each surface element (200) is designed as a surface element reflecting acoustic waves and / or as a surface element scattering acoustic waves and / or as a surface element absorbing acoustic waves. Structural element (100) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the three-dimensional structure (130) is designed or can be formed as a regular structure or irregular structure. Structural element (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the three-dimensional structure (130) is designed as a structure having one or more folds and / or
the one or more elevations (131) and / or the one or more depressions (132) are designed as folded elevations and / or folded depressions. Structural element (100) according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the three-dimensional structure (130) is formed from at least a first material (220) and / or from at least a second material (221) and / or the one or more elevations (131) and / or the one or more depressions (132 ) are formed from at least a first material (220) and / or from at least a second material (221). Structural element (100) according to claim 6, wherein the at least one first material (220) is a sheet-like material and the at least one second material (221) is a sheet-like material. Structural element (100) according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the at least one first material (220) is formed from metal or a metal alloy. Structural element (100) according to one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the at least one second material (221) made of plastic, textile, fleece, in particular carbon fiber fleece, paper, cardboard and / or a composite material. Structural element (100) according to one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the at least one first material (220) and / or the at least one second material (221) is designed and arranged such that the at least one first material (220) and / or the at least one second material (221) at least partially or completely form an acoustically effective surface. Structural element (100) according to one of claims 6 to 10, wherein the at least one first material (220) is designed as a carrier element, and the at least one second material (221) is arranged on the carrier element. Structural element (100) according to one of claims 6 to 11, wherein the at least one first material (220) has one or more recesses (210), which is or are in particular formed as perforations, slots or microperforations, so that the at least one second material contributes at least partially or completely to the formation of one or the acoustically effective surface through the cutouts. System (400) for reflection and / or scattering and / or absorption of acoustic waves, comprising a structural element or a plurality or a plurality of structural elements (100) according to one of Claims 1 to 12. Structural element (100) according to one of claims 1 to 12 or system (400) according to claim 13, wherein the structural element (100) and / or the system (400) can be fastened by means of a fastening device (300) at a location (500) provided for this purpose . Structural element (100) according to one of claims 1 to 12 and 14 or system (400) according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the structural element (100) and / or the system (400) is variable in its dimension, in particular foldable and / or is designed to be transportable. Use of a structural element (100) for reflection and / or scattering and / or absorption of acoustic waves according to one of claims 1 to 12, 14 and 15 or a system (400) for reflection and / or scattering and / or absorption of acoustic waves according to one of claims 13 to 15 for the defined steering and / or alignment of acoustic waves in one or more directions and / or for the absorption of acoustic waves. Method for producing a structural element (100) for reflection and / or scattering and / or absorption of acoustic waves according to one of claims 1 to 12, 14 and 15, wherein the structural element (100) is manufactured using forming techniques. The method according to claim 17, wherein the structural element is formed or shaped from a base element (10), the base element (10) being designed as an in particular planar element with in particular pre-milled or embossed fold lines (14).

Images