EP1133604A1 - Plate-shaped component - Google Patents

Plate-shaped component

Info

Publication number
EP1133604A1
EP1133604A1 EP99968695A EP99968695A EP1133604A1 EP 1133604 A1 EP1133604 A1 EP 1133604A1 EP 99968695 A EP99968695 A EP 99968695A EP 99968695 A EP99968695 A EP 99968695A EP 1133604 A1 EP1133604 A1 EP 1133604A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plate
holes
perforated
component according
wood
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP99968695A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Helmut Fuchs
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV filed Critical Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Publication of EP1133604A1 publication Critical patent/EP1133604A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
    • E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
    • E04B1/86—Sound-absorbing elements slab-shaped
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/172—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using resonance effects
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
    • E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
    • E04B2001/8457—Solid slabs or blocks
    • E04B2001/8461—Solid slabs or blocks layered
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
    • E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
    • E04B2001/8457—Solid slabs or blocks
    • E04B2001/8476—Solid slabs or blocks with acoustical cavities, with or without acoustical filling
    • E04B2001/848—Solid slabs or blocks with acoustical cavities, with or without acoustical filling the cavities opening onto the face of the element
    • E04B2001/8485—Solid slabs or blocks with acoustical cavities, with or without acoustical filling the cavities opening onto the face of the element the opening being restricted, e.g. forming Helmoltz resonators
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
    • E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
    • E04B2001/8457—Solid slabs or blocks
    • E04B2001/8476—Solid slabs or blocks with acoustical cavities, with or without acoustical filling
    • E04B2001/848—Solid slabs or blocks with acoustical cavities, with or without acoustical filling the cavities opening onto the face of the element
    • E04B2001/8495—Solid slabs or blocks with acoustical cavities, with or without acoustical filling the cavities opening onto the face of the element the openings going through from one face to the other face of the element

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a plate-shaped component made of wood, plastic or plasterboard, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a sound-absorbing glass or transparent synthetic glass component is known, which is installed as a facing shell at a distance from a window, facade or roof component, sound in a by the geometric dimensions of the distance, the thickness of the facing shell , the size and number of holes in the microperforation and the frequency range determined by the material of the facing shell.
  • the same microperforated plate can also be designed as a closed, one-sided absorbent cassette or a bilaterally absorbent backdrop in any shape, one or more layers microperforated.
  • DE 44 37 196 also discloses a sound absorber according to DE 43 15 759, in which two plates with large holes are arranged one on top of the other in such a way that small holes form a microperforation between the two plates.
  • This invention is based on the idea of building micro-perforated components from any materials that resist micro-perforation by drilling, lasering or punching.
  • the microperforation can also be varied within wide limits by inserting fine-grained spacing materials between the roughly perforated plates or by shifting the roughly perforated plates lying directly on top of one another.
  • a sound-absorbing metal cassette is also known as a suspended false ceiling, in which one or more micro-perforated sheets arranged one behind the other at a distance extract their energy from the sound waves incident on the room side by the air in the holes as a mass together with the air between the sheets and the raw ceiling forms a complex mass-spring system with inherent friction in the small holes.
  • DE 197 54 107 discloses a sound absorber consisting of microperforated foils or thin plates, several foils or plates being provided in any arrangement with respect to one another and being suspended from the ceiling of a room or horizontally or obliquely in the room.
  • the small holes are accessible to the sound waves from both sides of the foils or thin plates and can thus develop their damping effect even without the excitation of a resonance mechanism.
  • DE 197 10 920 and 197 30 355 an effect of overflow or flow through the microperforated foils or plates, which reinforces the sound absorption in the small holes, is also advantageously used.
  • Gypsum plasterboard or wood or chipboard with relatively large holes are also known, behind which sound-absorbing material, e.g. Glass or rock wool, attached or in the case of a ceiling covering.
  • the proportion of holes in the holes is usually around 30 - 90%, but can also be less down to 10%.
  • Microperforated holes in thick plates e.g. Drilling 6 - 30 mm is too complex, and the small holes of about 1 mm would "grow" again with wood or plasterboard, since the wood fibers would expand into the inside of the hole and with plasterboard the fine plaster would clog the holes.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a component which allows the use of microperforation at low cost when using a thick plate. This object is achieved by the plate-shaped component according to claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of this component are characterized in the subclaims.
  • the present invention is concerned with the realization of a microperforation in relatively thick (approx. 6-30 mm) panels made of wood, plastic or plasterboard, either as panels or cassettes in the manner of a wall paneling or suspended ceiling or as a seamless facing shell or absorb part of a double-walled stud wall.
  • Figure 1 shows z. B. how the large holes taper themselves in the manner of boreholes that were not completely carried out, according to claim 2, in one side into smaller holes with, depending on the depth of the holes, adjustable hole size.
  • This type of embodiment of the invention can also be made by first drilling the holes with a large diameter drill up to e.g. about 1 mm below the surface and then completely drilled with the diameter of the microbore.
  • this variant shows a solution that may be too expensive, since, based on the area affected by the sound, the proportion of the perforated area of the microperforated holes is only less than 4%, advantageously approximately 2-1%, and with this variant, too many holes with the larger diameter are drilled have to.
  • Figure 2 shows another, cheaper version, in which a micro-perforated film, plate with the actually desired hole pattern is attached to the "rough" perforated plate (with large holes and a hole area percentage of 10 - 90%) in such a way that the remaining hole percentage the microperforated layer just gives the hole fraction required for absorption.
  • This variant combines easily producible micro-perforated foils or thin plates made of e.g. B. plastic films, plywood or fabric with also easy to manufacture thick perforated plates with a hole percentage of 20 to 60%.
  • Figure 3 shows a variant in which the thick plate carrying the actual microperforated component has been replaced by a grid made of rods or braid that also supports the plate.
  • modified components are arranged at a distance from a reverberant wall or ceiling, they can develop an absorption as in the components described above.
  • perforated panels made of wood, wood chip, pressed cardboard or plasterboard are turned into sound absorbers in front of a hard-walled rear wall by introducing damping material, mostly artificial mineral fibers, into the air space.
  • damping material mostly artificial mineral fibers
  • a fleece or fabric 5 with a suitable flow resistance can be placed or stretched on one side over its large holes (Fig. 4).
  • All these known perforated plate sound absorbers have the disadvantage that the porous materials already during assembly, but also later 'through the air exchange z. B. between the suspended ceiling cavity and the room to be dampened gradually. This way, the rough hole pattern remains visible even if the porous layer has been turned towards the room.
  • the micro-perforated surfaces according to Figures 1 to 3 give the room the visual impression of a closed component surface if the holes have a diameter of less than 2 mm, preferably less than 1 mm.
  • Components according to Figures 1 to 3 can also be easily cleaned and painted on their side facing the room.
  • components according to Figures 1 to 3 can also be glued in addition and after their permanent installation on any substructure in front of walls or ceilings according to Figure 5 with a fleece, a fabric or a porous wallpaper so that the small holes behind them are preserved, but the joints between such adjacent components are completely covered by this surface treatment.
  • a component as outlined in Figure 5 would have the advantage over the conventional perforated plate absorbers with fibrous or porous damping material that its absorption spectrum, as described in the cited patents, can only be adjusted precisely according to the respective acoustic requirements by the geometric parameters. You can z. B. achieve that the higher frequency components important for speech intelligibility are less absorbed in the room, but the often disturbing lower frequency components are swallowed more than in the porous or fibrous sound absorbers.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a plate-shaped component comprised of a perforated plate made of a solid material such as metal, wood, compregnated wood, pressboard, plastic or plaster. The invention is characterized in that a micro-perforated film or thin plate (3) is arranged on one of the plate surfaces of the plate (2). A variant of the invention provides that the holes (1a) are formed in the plate such that they open into a micro-hole on one side of the plate (1).

Description

Plattenförmiges BauelementPlate-shaped component
Die Erfindung betrifft ein plattenförmiges Bauelement aus Holz, Kunststoff oder Gipskartonplatten, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruch 1.The invention relates to a plate-shaped component made of wood, plastic or plasterboard, according to the preamble of claim 1.
Aus DE 43 15 759 bzw. EP 699 257 ist ein schallabsorbierendes Glas- oder transparentes Kunstglasbauteil bekannt, das als Vorsatzschale im Abstand zu einem Fenster-, Fassaden- oder Dachbauteil eingebaut, Schall in einem durch die geometrischen Abmessungen des Abstandes, der Dicke der Vorsatzschale, der Größe und der Anzahl der Löcher der Mikroperforation sowie durch das Material der Vorsatzschale bestimmten Frequenzbereich absorbiert. In weiteren Ausformungen kann dieselbe mikroperforierte Platte auch als geschlossene, einseitig absorbierende Kassette oder beidseitig absorbierende Kulisse in beliebiger Gestalt, ein- oder mehrschichtig mikroperforiert, gestaltet werden.From DE 43 15 759 and EP 699 257 a sound-absorbing glass or transparent synthetic glass component is known, which is installed as a facing shell at a distance from a window, facade or roof component, sound in a by the geometric dimensions of the distance, the thickness of the facing shell , the size and number of holes in the microperforation and the frequency range determined by the material of the facing shell. In further embodiments, the same microperforated plate can also be designed as a closed, one-sided absorbent cassette or a bilaterally absorbent backdrop in any shape, one or more layers microperforated.
Aus DE 44 37 196 ist außerdem ein Schallabsorber nach DE 43 15 759 bekannt, bei dem zwei Platten mit großen Löchern so aufeinander angeordnet werden, daß zwischen beiden Platten kleine Löcher eine Mikroperforation ausbilden. Dieser Erfindung liegt bereits der Gedanke zugrunde, mikroperforierte Bauteile aus beliebigen Materialien aufzubauen, die sich einer Mikroperforation durch Bohren, Lasern oder Stanzen widersetzen. Durch Einfügung von feinkörnigen Abstandsmaterialien zwischen den grob gelochten Platten bzw. Verschiebung der unmittelbar aufeinander liegenden grob gelochten Platten läßt sich die Mikroperforation ebenfalls in weiten Grenzen variieren. Aus DE 43 12 885 ist eine ebenfalls schallabsorbierende Metallkassette als abgehängte Unterdecke bekannt, bei der ein oder mehrere hintereinander im Abstand angeordnete mikroperforierte Bleche den raumseitig einfallenden Schallwellen ihre Energie entziehen, indem die Luft in den Löchern als Masse zusammen mit der Luft zwischen den Blechen und der Rohdecke ein komplexes Masse-Feder-System mit inhärenter Reibung in den kleinen Löchern bildet.DE 44 37 196 also discloses a sound absorber according to DE 43 15 759, in which two plates with large holes are arranged one on top of the other in such a way that small holes form a microperforation between the two plates. This invention is based on the idea of building micro-perforated components from any materials that resist micro-perforation by drilling, lasering or punching. The microperforation can also be varied within wide limits by inserting fine-grained spacing materials between the roughly perforated plates or by shifting the roughly perforated plates lying directly on top of one another. From DE 43 12 885 a sound-absorbing metal cassette is also known as a suspended false ceiling, in which one or more micro-perforated sheets arranged one behind the other at a distance extract their energy from the sound waves incident on the room side by the air in the holes as a mass together with the air between the sheets and the raw ceiling forms a complex mass-spring system with inherent friction in the small holes.
Schließlich ist aus DE 197 54 107 ein Schallabsorber bestehend aus mikroperforierten Folien oder dünnen Platten bekannt, wobei mehrere Folien oder Platten in beliebiger Anordnung zueinander vorgesehen sind und von der Decke eines Raumes oder waagerecht oder schräg im Raum aufgehängt sind. Indem hier auf ein komprimierbares Luftkissen bewußt verzichtet wird, werden hier die kleinen Löcher von beiden Seiten der Folien oder dünnen Platten für die Schallwellen zugänglich und können so ihre dämpfende Wirkung auch ohne die Anregung eines Resonanz-Mechanismus entfalten. In DE 197 10 920 und 197 30 355 wird darüber hinaus eine die Schallabsorption in den kleinen Löchern verstärkende Wirkung einer Überströmung oder Durchströmung der mikroperforierten Folien oder Platten vorteilhaft ausgenutzt.Finally, DE 197 54 107 discloses a sound absorber consisting of microperforated foils or thin plates, several foils or plates being provided in any arrangement with respect to one another and being suspended from the ceiling of a room or horizontally or obliquely in the room. By deliberately avoiding a compressible air cushion, the small holes are accessible to the sound waves from both sides of the foils or thin plates and can thus develop their damping effect even without the excitation of a resonance mechanism. In DE 197 10 920 and 197 30 355, an effect of overflow or flow through the microperforated foils or plates, which reinforces the sound absorption in the small holes, is also advantageously used.
Bekannt sind weiterhin Gipskartonplatten oder Holz- bzw. Holzspanplatten mit verhältnismäßig großen Löchern, wobei hinter den Platten schallabsorbierendes Material, z.B. Glas- oder Steinwolle, angebracht oder im Fall einer Deckenverkleidung aufgelegt ist. Der Lochflächenanteil der Löcher beträgt dabei in der Regel etwa 30 - 90 %, kann aber auch weniger bis herab zu 10% betragen. Mikroperforierte Löcher in dicke Platten von z.B. 6 - 30 mm zu bohren ist zu aufwendig, und die kleinen etwa 1 mm großen Löcher würden bei Holz- oder Gipskartonplatten wieder "zuwachsen" , da die Holzfasern sich ins Innere des Loches ausdehnen würden und bei Gipskarton der feine Gips die Löcher zusetzen würde.Gypsum plasterboard or wood or chipboard with relatively large holes are also known, behind which sound-absorbing material, e.g. Glass or rock wool, attached or in the case of a ceiling covering. The proportion of holes in the holes is usually around 30 - 90%, but can also be less down to 10%. Microperforated holes in thick plates e.g. Drilling 6 - 30 mm is too complex, and the small holes of about 1 mm would "grow" again with wood or plasterboard, since the wood fibers would expand into the inside of the hole and with plasterboard the fine plaster would clog the holes.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es ein Bauelement zu schaffen, das bei Verwendung einer dicken Platte kostengünstig die Verwendung der Mikroperforation gestattet. Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch das plattenförmige Bauelement nach Anspruch 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen dieses Bauelementes sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet.The object of the invention is to provide a component which allows the use of microperforation at low cost when using a thick plate. This object is achieved by the plate-shaped component according to claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of this component are characterized in the subclaims.
In der vorliegenden Erfindung geht es um die Realisierung einer Mikroperforation in verhältnismäßig dicken (ca. 6-30 mm) Platten aus Holz, Kunststoff oder Gipskarton, die entweder als Paneele oder Kassetten nach Art einer Wand-Täfelung oder abgehängten Decke oder auch als fugenlose Vorsatzschale oder Teil einer zweischalig aufgebauten Ständerwand Schall absorbieren.The present invention is concerned with the realization of a microperforation in relatively thick (approx. 6-30 mm) panels made of wood, plastic or plasterboard, either as panels or cassettes in the manner of a wall paneling or suspended ceiling or as a seamless facing shell or absorb part of a double-walled stud wall.
Der Grundgedanke dabei ist wieder die Dämpfung der Luftschwingungen in kleinen Löchern, wobei die dicke Platte an sich große Löcher enthält, die aber in kleine Löcher gemäß den oben herangezogenen Patentschriften münden. Bild 1 zeigt z. B. wie die großen Löcher selbst sich nach Art von Bohrlöchern, die nicht ganz durchgeführt wurden, gemäß Anspruch 2 einseitig in kleinere Löcher mit, je nach Tiefe der Bohrungen, einstellbarer Lochgröße verjüngen. Diese Art der Ausbildung der Erfindung kann auch dadurch hergestellt werden, daß die Löcher zuerst mit einem Bohrer mit einem großen Durchmesser bis z.B. etwa 1 mm unterhalb der Oberfläche und danach mit dem Durchmesser der Mikrobohrung restlos durchgebohrt werden. Diese Variante zeigt jedoch ein möglicherweise zu teure Lösung, da bezogen auf die vom Schall beaufschlagte Fläche der Lochflächenanteil der mikroperforierten Löcher nur weniger als 4%, vorteilhafterweise etwa 2 - 1 % beträgt, und mit dieser Variante zu viele Löcher mit dem größeren Durchmesser gebohrt werden müssen.The basic idea here is again the damping of the air vibrations in small holes, the thick plate itself containing large holes, which, however, lead to small holes according to the patents referred to above. Figure 1 shows z. B. how the large holes taper themselves in the manner of boreholes that were not completely carried out, according to claim 2, in one side into smaller holes with, depending on the depth of the holes, adjustable hole size. This type of embodiment of the invention can also be made by first drilling the holes with a large diameter drill up to e.g. about 1 mm below the surface and then completely drilled with the diameter of the microbore. However, this variant shows a solution that may be too expensive, since, based on the area affected by the sound, the proportion of the perforated area of the microperforated holes is only less than 4%, advantageously approximately 2-1%, and with this variant, too many holes with the larger diameter are drilled have to.
Bild 2 zeigt eine andere, günstigere Ausführungsvariante, bei der eine mikroperforierte Folie, Platte mit dem eigentlich gewünschten Lochbild so auf der "grob" gelochten Platte (mit großen Löchern und einem Lochflächenanteil von 10 - 90 %) angebracht wird, daß der frei bleibende Lochanteil der mikroperforierten Schicht gerade den für die Absorption erforderlichen Lochanteil ergibt. Diese Variante kombiniert leicht herstellbare mikroperforierte Folien oder dünne Platten aus z. B. Kunststoff-Folien, Sperrholz oder Gewebe mit ebenfalls leicht herstellbaren dicken Lochplatten mit einem Lochanteil von 20 bis 60 %. In Bild 3 wird schließlich eine Variante angedeutet, bei der die dicke, das eigentliche mikroperforierte Bauteil tragende Platte durch ein ebenfalls tragendes Gitter aus Stäben oder Geflecht ersetzt wurde.Figure 2 shows another, cheaper version, in which a micro-perforated film, plate with the actually desired hole pattern is attached to the "rough" perforated plate (with large holes and a hole area percentage of 10 - 90%) in such a way that the remaining hole percentage the microperforated layer just gives the hole fraction required for absorption. This variant combines easily producible micro-perforated foils or thin plates made of e.g. B. plastic films, plywood or fabric with also easy to manufacture thick perforated plates with a hole percentage of 20 to 60%. Finally, a variant is indicated in Figure 3, in which the thick plate carrying the actual microperforated component has been replaced by a grid made of rods or braid that also supports the plate.
Allen diesen Ausformungen gemeinsam ist, daß die stabile Unterkonstruktion das eigentliche Bauteil darstellt und die mikroperforierte Schicht gewissermaßen auf dieses an sich bekannte Bauteil so aufgebracht, z.B. aufgelegt und nur an den Rändern fixiert oder aufgeklebt, wird, daß (bildlich gesehen) aus an sich großen, den Schall ungehindert durchlassenden Löchern kleine Löcher entstehen.All these designs have in common that the stable substructure is the actual component and the micro-perforated layer is applied to this known component in a way, e.g. applied and only fixed or glued to the edges, it is seen that (figuratively speaking) small holes are formed from holes that are large in themselves and allow sound to pass through unhindered.
Wenn derartig veränderte Bauteile im Abstand vor einer schallharten Wand oder Decke angeordnet werden, können sie eine Absorption wie in den oben beschriebenen Bauteilen entfalten.If such modified components are arranged at a distance from a reverberant wall or ceiling, they can develop an absorption as in the components described above.
Nach dem Stand der Technik werden Lochplatten aus Holz, Holzspan, Preßpappe oder Gipskarton vor einer schallharten Rückwand zu Schallabsorbern, indem im Luftzwischenraum Dämpfungsmaterial, meistens künstliche Mineralfasern, eingebracht wird. Ersatzweise kann man auch ein Vlies oder Gewebe 5 mit geeignetem Strömungswiderstand einseitig über ihre großen Löcher legen oder spannen (Bild 4). Alle diese bekannten Lochplatten-Schallabsorber haben aber den Nachteil, daß die porösen Materialien bereits bei der Montage, aber auch später' durch den Luftaustausch z. B. zwischen dem Unterdecken-Hohlraum und dem zu bedämpfenden Raum nach und nach verschmutzen. So bleibt das grobe Lochbild auch dann sichtbar, wenn die poröse Schicht dem Raum zugekehrt wurde.According to the prior art, perforated panels made of wood, wood chip, pressed cardboard or plasterboard are turned into sound absorbers in front of a hard-walled rear wall by introducing damping material, mostly artificial mineral fibers, into the air space. Alternatively, a fleece or fabric 5 with a suitable flow resistance can be placed or stretched on one side over its large holes (Fig. 4). All these known perforated plate sound absorbers have the disadvantage that the porous materials already during assembly, but also later 'through the air exchange z. B. between the suspended ceiling cavity and the room to be dampened gradually. This way, the rough hole pattern remains visible even if the porous layer has been turned towards the room.
Dem gegenüber vermitteln die mikroperforierten Flächen nach Bild 1 bis 3 zum Raum hin den optischen Eindruck einer geschlossenen Bauteiloberfläche, wenn die Löcher nur einen Durchmesser von weniger als 2 mm, bevorzugt weniger als 1 mm aufweisen. Auch lassen sich Bauteile nach Bild 1 bis 3 auf ihrer dem Raum zugekehrten Seite leicht reinigen und lackieren. Auf der dem Raum zugekehrten Seite lassen sich Bauteile nach Bild 1 bis 3 auch zusätzlich und nach ihrer festen Installation auf einer beliebigen Unterkonstruktion vor Wänden oder Decken nach Bild 5 mit einem Vlies, einem Stoff oder einer porösen Tapete derart überkleben, daß die kleinen Löcher dahinter erhalten bleiben, die Fugen zwischen benachbart angeordneten solchen Bauteilen aber durch diese Oberflächenbehandlung vollständig kaschiert werden.In contrast, the micro-perforated surfaces according to Figures 1 to 3 give the room the visual impression of a closed component surface if the holes have a diameter of less than 2 mm, preferably less than 1 mm. Components according to Figures 1 to 3 can also be easily cleaned and painted on their side facing the room. On the side facing the room, components according to Figures 1 to 3 can also be glued in addition and after their permanent installation on any substructure in front of walls or ceilings according to Figure 5 with a fleece, a fabric or a porous wallpaper so that the small holes behind them are preserved, but the joints between such adjacent components are completely covered by this surface treatment.
Insbesondere bei der Ausbildung von Vorsatzschalen, Leichtbauwänden und Verschalungen mit Gipskarton-Platten ist es üblich, die Stoßstellen und Fugen zwischen den aneinander stoßenden Platten zunächst zu verspachteln oder mit einer Art Binde zu überkleben. Diese Maßnahme kann zwar dazu führen, daß die Mikroperforation in der Nähe der Stoßstellen etwas verloren geht. Der Großteil der mikroperforierten Fläche bleibt aber als solche erhalten und kann in der in Bild 5 angedeuteten Weise durch die dünne poröse, also schalldurchlässige Schicht 6 vor einer weiteren Verdeckung geschützt werden.In particular when designing facing shells, lightweight walls and cladding with plasterboard, it is common to first fill the joints and joints between the abutting panels or to cover them with a kind of bandage. This measure can lead to the micro perforation being lost somewhat in the vicinity of the joints. However, the majority of the microperforated area remains as such and can be protected against further concealment in the manner indicated in Figure 5 by the thin porous, ie sound-permeable layer 6.
Ein Bauteil wie in Bild 5 skizziert hätte gegenüber den üblichen Lochplattenabsorbern mit faserigem oder porösem Dämpfungsmaterial den Vorteil, daß sein Absorptionsspektrum, wie in den zitierten Patentschriften beschrieben, nur durch die geometrischen Parameter genau nach den jeweiligen akustischen Erfordernissen eingestellt werden kann. Man kann so z. B. erreichen, daß im Raum die für die Sprachverständlichkeit wichtigen höheren Frequenzanteile weniger absorbiert werden, dafür aber die oft störenden tieferen Frequenzanteile stärker als bei den porösen oder faserigen Schallabsorbern geschluckt werden.A component as outlined in Figure 5 would have the advantage over the conventional perforated plate absorbers with fibrous or porous damping material that its absorption spectrum, as described in the cited patents, can only be adjusted precisely according to the respective acoustic requirements by the geometric parameters. You can z. B. achieve that the higher frequency components important for speech intelligibility are less absorbed in the room, but the often disturbing lower frequency components are swallowed more than in the porous or fibrous sound absorbers.
Will man aber zusätzlich auch die höheren Frequenzkomponenten bedampfen, so kann man nach Bild 6 auf die poröse dünne Schicht zusätzlich noch eine weitere poröse dickere Schicht nach Art eines Akustikputzes nachträglich im Bau auftragen. Der schalldurchlässige poröse Putz, oder auch eine dickere Schicht aus offenporigem Schaumstoff nach Bild 7, die auch eine pyramidale Struktur aufweisen kann, kann auch die Aufgabe haben, eventuelle Unebenheiten an den Stoßstellen der Platten oder auch in der Unterkonstruktion, der Wand oder der Decke zu kaschieren. However, if you also want to vaporize the higher frequency components, you can also add another porous, thicker layer like an acoustic plaster to the porous thin layer after construction. The sound-permeable porous plaster, or even a thicker layer of open-cell foam according to Figure 7, which is also a pyramidal Structure can also have the task of concealing any unevenness at the joints of the panels or in the substructure, the wall or the ceiling.
Bezugszeichen:Reference numerals:
1 Dicke (6 bis 30 mm) Lochplatte mit großen, sich raumseitig stark verjüngenden Löchern bzw. Bohrungen1 thick (6 to 30 mm) perforated plate with large holes or bores tapering on the room side
2 Dicke Lochplatte mit 2,0 bis 60% Flächenanteil großer (2 bis 30 mm) Löcher2 Thick perforated plate with 2.0 to 60% area of large (2 to 30 mm) holes
3 Dünne mikroperforierte Folie oder Platte mit Löchern mit einem Durchmesser kleiner als 2 mm, vorzugsweise kleiner als 1 mm und einem Lochflächenanteil kleiner als 4%, vorzugsweise kleiner als 2%.3 Thin microperforated film or plate with holes with a diameter of less than 2 mm, preferably less than 1 mm and a proportion of perforation area less than 4%, preferably less than 2%.
4 Gitterrost, Drahtgeflecht, Unterlattung4 Grid, wire mesh, battens
5 Faservlies, Gewebe5 non-woven fabric, fabric
6 Poröse dünne Schicht6 Porous thin layer
7 Poröse dickere Schicht7 Porous thicker layer
8 Offenporiger Weichschaum8 Open-pore soft foam
9 " Normale" dicke mikroperforierte Platte 9 "Normal" thick micro-perforated plate

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Plattenförmiges Bauelement bestehend aus einer gelochten Platte aus festem Material, wie Metall, Holz, Pressholz, Preßpappe, Kunststoff oderGips,1. plate-shaped component consisting of a perforated plate made of solid material such as metal, wood, pressed wood, pressed cardboard, plastic or plaster,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
daß auf einer der Plattenoberflächen der Platte (2) eine mikroperforierte Folie oder dünne Platte (3) angeordnet ist.that a micro-perforated film or thin plate (3) is arranged on one of the plate surfaces of the plate (2).
Plattenförmiges Bauelement bestehend aus einer gelochten Platte aus festem Material, wie Holz, Pressholz, Preßpappe, Kunststoff oder Gips,Plate-shaped component consisting of a perforated plate made of solid material, such as wood, pressed wood, pressed cardboard, plastic or plaster,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
daß die Löcher (1 a) in der Platte derart ausgebildet sind, daß diese jeweils in einem Mikroloch auf einer Seite der Platte (1) münden.that the holes (1 a) are formed in the plate such that they each open into a micro-hole on one side of the plate (1).
3. Bauelement nach Anspruch 13. Component according to claim 1
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
daß die Platte aus einem Gerüst oder Gitter besteht mit einem Lochflächenanteil von 10-90%. that the plate consists of a scaffold or grid with a perforated area percentage of 10-90%.
4. Bauelement nach Anspruch 14. The component according to claim 1
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
daß die Oberfläche der Folie oder Platte (3) oberflächenbehandelt ist, z.B. lackiert oder beschichtet ist.that the surface of the sheet or plate (3) is surface treated, e.g. is painted or coated.
5. Bauelement nach Anspruch 15. The component according to claim 1
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
daß auf der Folie oder Platte (3) ein Vlies, Gewebe oder Tapete (5)angeordnet ist.that a fleece, fabric or wallpaper (5) is arranged on the film or plate (3).
6. Bauelement nach Anspruch 16. The component according to claim 1
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
daß auf der Folie oder Platte (3) ein schalldurchlässiger Anstrich oder ein dünnes poröses Material (6), z.B. Papier, aufgebracht ist.that on the film or plate (3) a sound-permeable paint or a thin porous material (6), e.g. Paper, is applied.
7. Bauelement nach Anspruch 17. The component according to claim 1
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
daß auf der dünnen porösen Schicht (6) eine dicke poröse Schicht (7), z.B. Akustikmörtel angeordnet ist. that a thick porous layer (7), for example acoustic mortar, is arranged on the thin porous layer (6).
8. Bauelement nach Anspruch 18. The component according to claim 1
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
daß als oberste Schicht auf die Folie oder Platte (3) ein offenporiger Schaumstoff (8) aufgebracht ist.that an open-pore foam (8) is applied as the top layer on the film or plate (3).
9. Bauelement nach Anspruch 19. The component according to claim 1
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die mikroperforierte Folie oder Platte (3) Löcher mit einem Durchmesser kleiner als 2 mm, vorzugsweise kleiner als 1 mm und einen Lochflächenanteil kleiner als 4%, vorzugsweise kleiner als 2%. Löcher aufweist. characterized in that the microperforated film or plate (3) has holes with a diameter of less than 2 mm, preferably less than 1 mm and a perforation area fraction less than 4%, preferably less than 2%. Has holes.
EP99968695A 1998-09-02 1999-08-31 Plate-shaped component Ceased EP1133604A1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19839973A DE19839973A1 (en) 1998-09-02 1998-09-02 Plate-shaped component
DE19839973 1998-09-02
PCT/EP1999/006386 WO2000014353A1 (en) 1998-09-02 1999-08-31 Plate-shaped component

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EP1133604A1 true EP1133604A1 (en) 2001-09-19

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EP (1) EP1133604A1 (en)
DE (1) DE19839973A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2000014353A1 (en)

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US6675551B1 (en) 2004-01-13
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