EP3643467B1 - Utilisation d'une lame en tant que lame d'enlèvement de copeaux, lame à profiler ou lame à hacher - Google Patents

Utilisation d'une lame en tant que lame d'enlèvement de copeaux, lame à profiler ou lame à hacher Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3643467B1
EP3643467B1 EP18202652.6A EP18202652A EP3643467B1 EP 3643467 B1 EP3643467 B1 EP 3643467B1 EP 18202652 A EP18202652 A EP 18202652A EP 3643467 B1 EP3643467 B1 EP 3643467B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cutting
blade
wood
cutting plate
main body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP18202652.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3643467A1 (fr
EP3643467C0 (fr
Inventor
Martin Dressler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ledermann GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Ledermann GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ledermann GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Ledermann GmbH and Co KG
Priority to EP18202652.6A priority Critical patent/EP3643467B1/fr
Priority to CA3058060A priority patent/CA3058060A1/fr
Priority to RU2019133185A priority patent/RU2808521C2/ru
Publication of EP3643467A1 publication Critical patent/EP3643467A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3643467C0 publication Critical patent/EP3643467C0/fr
Publication of EP3643467B1 publication Critical patent/EP3643467B1/fr
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27G—ACCESSORY MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; TOOLS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; SAFETY DEVICES FOR WOOD WORKING MACHINES OR TOOLS
    • B27G13/00—Cutter blocks; Other rotary cutting tools

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the use of a knife of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1 for processing wood and a knife for processing wood according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a cleaver which has a cutting tip made of hard metal to increase wear resistance.
  • the cutting plate is welded onto the cleaver's supporting body.
  • Experts are therefore currently assuming that extremely hard cutting inserts in chipper knives, profiling knives or chipper knives for processing wet wood and/or raw wood are not up to the impact loads that occur and are therefore unsuitable.
  • the drilling tool includes a plurality of blades to which cutting bodies are attached using brazing methods.
  • the object of the invention is to be able to process wet wood and/or raw wood with a longer service life.
  • the knife comprises a basic knife body and at least one cutting plate with a cutting edge.
  • the cutting plate is carried by the knife body and is fixed to the knife body by means of a brazed connection with a copper solder.
  • the knife designed in this way is used for processing wet wood and/or raw wood.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that, contrary to the technical prejudices of experts, a very hard cutting plate can definitely be exposed to significant operational shock loads, provided that certain conditions are met. It was recognized that it was not the impact load as such, but rather a resulting bending deformation of the insert with local zones of tensile stress that was responsible for premature failure of the insert. If the knife engages in the workpiece, a cutting force acts on the cutting insert and there in particular on the cutting edge. This cutting force presses the insert against the knife body. Due to the elastic resilience of its support, the cutting plate undergoes a deformation that leads to bending stresses in the cutting plate.
  • soldering gap with a specific gap thickness occurs between the cutting plate and the knife base body in the context of the known manufacturing processes, the soldering gap being filled with the soldering material. Due to its flexibility in connection with the gap thickness, the comparatively soft solder material produces a flexible bedding of the cutting plate, which allows the bending deformation of the cutting plate described above. The internal tensile stresses resulting from the bending deformation add up to operational bending stresses and lead to component failure or cutting edge fracture.
  • the above difficulties are avoided by using copper solder according to the invention. Since the hard-soldered connection with copper solder has very little flexibility compared to other hard-soldered connections, in particular because of its comparatively small soldering gap thickness, the cutting plate is supported by the copper solder in a significantly less flexible manner against the cutting forces. Due to the stiffer support, the bending stresses in the cutting insert resulting from the cutting force, in particular that is applied abruptly, are reduced.
  • the joining temperature differences in hard-soldered connections with copper solder are significantly lower compared to the joining temperature differences of welded cutting plates. Due to the comparatively small temperature changes in the joining area, the formation of residual tensile stresses is essentially avoided. Localized heating also occurs during welding, which also leads to residual stresses in the material during the cooling process. Overall, it has been achieved that the special material properties of extremely hard materials in cutting inserts are taken into account much better: These materials are very wear-resistant and have a very high compressive strength, but are sensitive to tensile stress. According to the invention, it has now been achieved that the bending stresses in the cutting inserts are kept within limits even in the case of high impact loads, so that work can be carried out with increased tooth feed and correspondingly associated increased shock loads.
  • the hard-soldered connection between the at least one cutting plate and the basic knife body is advantageously a high-temperature vacuum-soldered connection.
  • the cutting plate is brazed to the knife body with copper solder at a temperature of at least 750°C in a furnace under vacuum. This results in an even and thorough introduction of heat up to the soldering temperature in the entire knife. The distortion of the knife and the thermally induced stresses are very low.
  • the vacuum serves to prevent oxidation, which means that a separate flux can be dispensed with.
  • the copper solder has a mass fraction of copper of at least 99%.
  • the copper solder is pure copper. Copper solder with a high mass proportion of copper has particularly good workability.
  • the at least one cutting plate is preferably formed from a material from the group of substances comprising uncoated hard metal, coated hard metal, cutting ceramics, super-hard cutting materials, natural diamond, PCD, MKD, CVD-D, CBN.
  • the cutting plate has a high degree of hardness and is particularly resistant to abrasive wear.
  • the knife includes at least one additional cutting plate.
  • the at least one additional cutting plate is also fastened to the basic knife body with the copper solder by means of the hard solder connection according to the invention.
  • the cutting contour formed by the cutting edges of the cutting inserts is angled in a preferred variant.
  • the geometry of such cutting edges can be designed in different ways, for example to reduce cutting forces or to shape the workpiece surface or the chip geometry in a targeted manner.
  • the cutting edges of the cutting inserts together form a continuous, straight cutting contour.
  • the different coefficients of expansion of the cutting elements and knife body are taken into account.
  • the at least one cutting plate and the basic blade body delimit a soldering gap, the width of which is advantageously less than 0.1 mm, preferably less than 0.08 mm. Since the rigidity of the blade body is higher than the rigidity of the copper solder, the smaller the width of the soldering gap, the less the displacement of the cutting plate during the cutting process. This reduces the bending stress to a minimum, which is accompanied by a corresponding increase in the impact strength.
  • a chipper disk 10 is shown, which is used in a profiling chipper system, not shown, for the production of plane-parallel surfaces on raw wood and/or wet wood.
  • the timbers are conveyed through the profiling chipper system and processed by two chipper disks 10 arranged opposite one another.
  • the chipper discs 10 are each driven by a drive unit to rotate in the direction of rotation 11 about their axis of rotation 9 .
  • profiling knives When the wood comes into contact with the chipper discs 10, the wood is cut to a defined geometry using so-called profiling knives.
  • the residual wood is chopped up into wood chips by so-called chipper knives, in order to be used as a raw material in the paper industry.
  • the chipper disk 10 shown has a conical inner side 12 facing the wood, on which a plurality of knives 1 is arranged over the entire circumference of the chipper disk 10 .
  • Each blade 1 is attached to the chipper disc 10 by means of a screw 16.
  • the knives 1 have a rear end 15 and a front end 14 with respect to the direction of rotation 11 , a cutting edge 4 being formed at the front end 14 of the knife 1 .
  • the chipper disc 10 has a chip opening 13 for each knife 1 .
  • the chip opening 13 is arranged directly in front of the knife 1 in the direction of rotation 11 of the chip disk 10 .
  • the chipper disk 10 has a conical section 17 . Since two chipper discs 10 are arranged opposite each other during operation, they form a kind of funnel-shaped passage through which the wood is pushed during processing. Upon contact of the wood with the chipper discs 10, the wood is progressively cut across the funnel shaped passage of the chipper discs 10 to a minimum width of the passage.
  • the knives 1 mounted in the conical section of the chipper disk 10 are designed as chipper knives.
  • the chipper disc 10 also has a contact surface 18 on its inner side 12, which additionally enables the assembly of a circular saw (not shown).
  • the chipper disk 10 as well as the profiling chipper system are only examples of the use of a knife.
  • 3 is a first embodiment of such a blade 1, namely a chipper blade 1 for the chipper disc 10 according to Figures 1 and 2 shown.
  • the knife 1 has, as well as in the Figures 5 and 6 shown embodiment, on the knife body 2 two legs 19 and an internal thread 20 ( 4 ) on. About the legs 19 and the internal thread 20, the knife 1 on a corresponding cutting system, namely on the chipper disc 10 according to the Figures 1 and 2 positioned and fixed.
  • the knife can also be attached to a cutting system in a different way. For example, instead of the legs 19, a hole or a slot can be formed on the blade 1 for attachment.
  • the knife 1 comprises a first cutting insert 3 with a cutting edge 4 and an optional additional cutting insert 3' with an associated cutting edge 4'.
  • the cutting plates 3, 3' are arranged at the front end 14 of the knife 1 and are fastened to the knife body 2 by means of a brazed connection 5 using copper solder 6.
  • the cutting inserts 3, 3' make mutual contact, with their cutting edges 4, 4' forming a cutting contour 22.
  • the cutting contour 22 is angled.
  • the basic knife body 2 has a thickening 23 at the front end 14 on the side of the leg on which the additional cutting plate 3' is arranged.
  • the additional cutting plate 3 ' is held on the thickening of the knife body 2.
  • a chipper disc 10 with associated chipper knives 1 was described.
  • profiling lines for processing raw wood and/or wet wood often also have so-called profiling units which are connected downstream of the chipper disks 10 and which process the longitudinal edges of the surfaces produced by the chipper disks 10 .
  • knives 1 designed according to the invention are also used according to the invention in such profiling units, not shown here, namely in the form of profiling knives.
  • a second embodiment of a knife 1 is shown, which is designed as such a profiling knife.
  • the knife 1 comprises a basic knife body 2 and a cutting plate 3 with a cutting edge 4.
  • the cutting plate 3 is arranged at the front end 14 of the knife 1 in relation to the direction of rotation and is fastened to the basic knife body 2 by means of a hard solder connection 5.
  • An internal thread 20 is formed on the basic knife body 2, via which the knife 1 is positioned in its longitudinal direction on a corresponding cutting system. After 6 the basic knife body 2 has two legs 19 between which fastening screws pass in the mounted state and fix the knife 1 in its adjusted position.
  • FIGs 7 and 8 is the cutting area of the knife 1 according to the Figures 5 and 6 shown schematically in a longitudinal section.
  • the cutting plate 3 and the basic blade body 2 delimit a soldering gap 8 for the brazing connection 5 .
  • the soldering gap 8 has a width a which corresponds to the distance between the basic blade body 2 and the cutting plate 3 .
  • the maximum width a of the soldering gap 8 is at most 0.1 mm, preferably at most 0.07 mm.
  • Copper solder 6 is located in the soldering gap 8 between the knife body 2 and the cutting plate 3 , which materially connects the knife body 2 to the cutting plate 3 .
  • the copper solder 6 is in contact with the knife body 2 and the cutting plate 3 and forms the brazed connection 5.
  • the hard-soldered joint 5 is designed as a high-temperature vacuum soldered joint. Accordingly, the soldering process for fastening the cutting insert 3 to the basic knife body 2 takes place in a vacuum with the exclusion of air.
  • the knife 1 is heated step by step in a furnace under vacuum to a soaking temperature of less than 750°C. The temperature is then increased to a soldering temperature of greater than 750° C. to melt the copper solder 6 .
  • the copper solder 6 is distributed in the soldering gap 8 by capillary action, followed by diffusion of the copper solder 6 into the surfaces of the knife body 2 and the cutting plate 3. After the knife 1 has cooled down, the brazed connection is completed.
  • the mass fraction of copper in the copper solder 6 is at least 99%.
  • a copper alloy with a lower copper content in particular of at least 50%, preferably at least 80%, preferably at least 90%, and corresponding additives can also be expedient as the solder.
  • the cutting plate 3 consists of a coated or uncoated hard metal.
  • the cutting plate 3 can also consist of a cutting ceramic, super-hard cutting materials or ultra-hard cutting materials. These include, for example, natural diamond, PCD (polycrystalline diamond), MKD (monocrystalline diamond), and CBN (polycrystalline cubic boron nitride) and CVD-D (chemical vapor deposition diamond).
  • the basic knife body 2 consists of steel. The use of other materials, such as powdered metal, may also be appropriate.
  • the base of the cutting insert 3 there is a deformation of the base of the cutting insert 3, in particular within the layer of copper solder 6, by a deformation amount b, with the deformation amount b representing a percentage of the width a of the soldering gap.
  • the deformation of the base is accompanied by a corresponding deformation of the cutting plate 3, with corresponding bending deformations in the cutting plate 3 with compressive stresses D and tensile stresses Z occur.
  • the hard cutting insert 3 is particularly sensitive to the bending-related tensile stresses Z. According to the invention, it has been possible to reduce the bending deformations and thus the tensile stresses Z in the cutting insert 3 to a minimum.
  • the tooth feed corresponds to the feed of a knife 1 into the workpiece relative to the preceding knife 1 in the direction of rotation.
  • the knives are suitable for use with a tooth feed of 5 mm or more. However, it can also be expedient to use the knife with a higher tooth feed of 8 mm or more and in particular of at least 10 mm or more.
  • FIG. 9 shows a perspective view of a variant of the knife 1 according to FIG Figures 5, 6 with a larger width in comparison.
  • Two U-shaped receptacles for fastening screws are formed in the knife body 2 .
  • more cutting plates 3 are provided here, which add up to a total number of, for example, six pieces. Depending on the application and the geometric design, however, different total numbers of cutting inserts 3 can also be expedient.
  • the cutting plates 3 correspond in their geometric configuration and in their type of attachment of the cutting plate 3 after Figures 5 to 8 . They are positioned next to one another without gaps in such a way that their cutting edges 4 complement each other to form a continuous, straight cutting contour 22 . Functionally, a single, larger cutting edge is thus formed, which consists of smaller individual cutting plates composed.
  • the exemplary embodiment corresponds to the remaining features and reference symbols 9 consistent with the embodiments described above.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Debarking, Splitting, And Disintegration Of Timber (AREA)
  • Knives (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Utilisation d'une lame (1) pour l'usinage de bois, la lame comprenant un corps de base de lame (2) et au moins une plaquette de coupe (3) avec une arête de coupe (4), la plaquette de coupe (3) étant portée par le corps de base de lame (2), la lame (1) trouvant son utilisation pour l'usinage de bois humide et/ou de bois brut, caractérisée en ce que le bois est du bois humide et/ou du bois brut et en ce que la plaquette de coupe (3) est fixée au corps de base de lame (2) au moyen d'une liaison par brasage fort (5) avec une brasure au cuivre (6).
  2. Utilisation d'une lame selon la revendication 1 en tant que lame d'enlèvement de copeaux ou lame à profiler.
  3. Utilisation d'une lame selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce qu'une avance par dent est d'au moins 5 mm.
  4. Utilisation d'une lame selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que la liaison par brasage fort (5) entre l'au moins une plaquette de coupe (3) et le corps de base de lame (2) est une liaison par brasage sous vide à haute température.
  5. Utilisation d'une lame selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que la brasure au cuivre (6) présente une proportion massique de cuivre d'au moins 99 %.
  6. Utilisation d'une lame selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que l'au moins une plaquette de coupe (3) est constituée du groupe de matériaux le métal dur non revêtu, le métal dur revêtu, la céramique de coupe, les matériaux de coupe super durs, le diamant naturel, le PCD, le MCD, le CVD-D, le CBN.
  7. Utilisation d'une lame selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que la lame (1) comprend au moins une plaquette de coupe supplémentaire (3, 3'), l'au moins une plaquette de coupe supplémentaire (3, 3') étant fixée au corps de base de lame (2) au moyen de la liaison par brasage fort (5) avec la brasure au cuivre (6).
  8. Utilisation d'une lame selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que les arêtes de coupe (4, 4') des plaquettes de coupe (3, 3') forment un contour de coupe coudé (22).
  9. Utilisation d'une lame selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que les arêtes de coupe (4) des plaquettes de coupe (3) forment ensemble un contour de coupe rectiligne continu (22).
  10. Utilisation d'une lame selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisée en ce que l'au moins une plaquette de coupe (3) et le corps de base de lame (2) délimitent un interstice de brasage (8) dont la largeur (a) est inférieure à 0,1 mm.
  11. Lame (1) pour l'usinage de bois, la lame comprenant un corps de base de lame (2) et au moins une plaquette de coupe (3) avec une arête de coupe (4), la plaquette de coupe (3) étant portée par le corps de base de lame (2), la plaquette de coupe (3) étant fixée au corps de base de lame (2) au moyen d'une liaison par brasage fort (5) avec une brasure au cuivre (6), caractérisée en ce que le bois est du bois humide et/ou du bois brut et en ce que la lame (1) comprend au moins une plaquette de coupe supplémentaire (3, 3'), l'au moins une plaquette de coupe supplémentaire (3, 3') étant fixée au corps de base de lame (2) au moyen de la liaison de brasage fort (5) avec la brasure au cuivre (6), et en ce que les plaquettes de coupe (3, 3') sont en contact mutuel, leurs arêtes de coupe (4, 4') formant un contour de coupe (22).
EP18202652.6A 2018-10-25 2018-10-25 Utilisation d'une lame en tant que lame d'enlèvement de copeaux, lame à profiler ou lame à hacher Active EP3643467B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18202652.6A EP3643467B1 (fr) 2018-10-25 2018-10-25 Utilisation d'une lame en tant que lame d'enlèvement de copeaux, lame à profiler ou lame à hacher
CA3058060A CA3058060A1 (fr) 2018-10-25 2019-10-09 Utilisation d`un couteau comme un couteau de dechiquetage, une lame profilee ou un couteau pour hacker
RU2019133185A RU2808521C2 (ru) 2018-10-25 2019-10-18 Применение ножа в качестве стружечного ножа, профилирующего ножа или рубильного ножа

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18202652.6A EP3643467B1 (fr) 2018-10-25 2018-10-25 Utilisation d'une lame en tant que lame d'enlèvement de copeaux, lame à profiler ou lame à hacher

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3643467A1 EP3643467A1 (fr) 2020-04-29
EP3643467C0 EP3643467C0 (fr) 2023-06-07
EP3643467B1 true EP3643467B1 (fr) 2023-06-07

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Family Applications (1)

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EP18202652.6A Active EP3643467B1 (fr) 2018-10-25 2018-10-25 Utilisation d'une lame en tant que lame d'enlèvement de copeaux, lame à profiler ou lame à hacher

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EP (1) EP3643467B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA3058060A1 (fr)

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH232681A (de) * 1941-07-11 1944-06-15 Fides Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von im wesentlichen ringförmigen Körpern mit einer äussern Partie aus harten oder härtbaren Metallen.
US2431581A (en) * 1944-09-27 1947-11-25 Robert G Owen Milling machine cutter
GB694292A (en) * 1952-04-16 1953-07-15 Charles Benjamin Hoole Improvements in or relating to milling cutters and like tools
US2972287A (en) * 1957-04-24 1961-02-21 Walter G See Milling of metals subject to galling
EP2186584A1 (fr) * 2007-09-06 2010-05-19 JTEKT Corporation Outil de coupe, procédé de conception d'outil de coupe et procédé de fabrication d'outil de coupe
GB2482054A (en) * 2010-07-13 2012-01-18 Element Six Ltd Method of making an indexable cutter insert
WO2015058881A1 (fr) * 2013-10-21 2015-04-30 Walter Ag Fraise à queue pour superalliages résistants à la chaleur
CN106583803A (zh) * 2015-10-14 2017-04-26 天钻科技股份有限公司 钻石镀膜切削刀具及其制法

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1724727U (de) 1956-01-13 1956-06-21 Greb & Co Hackmesser.
DE2719330C3 (de) * 1977-04-30 1984-01-05 Christensen, Inc., 84115 Salt Lake City, Utah Drehbohrmeißel
GB2479844B (en) * 2009-01-29 2013-06-19 Smith International Brazing methods for PDC cutters
US8776913B2 (en) * 2010-10-15 2014-07-15 Smith International, Inc. Special curve braze sheet for top loading cutter to get better braze strength

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH232681A (de) * 1941-07-11 1944-06-15 Fides Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von im wesentlichen ringförmigen Körpern mit einer äussern Partie aus harten oder härtbaren Metallen.
US2431581A (en) * 1944-09-27 1947-11-25 Robert G Owen Milling machine cutter
GB694292A (en) * 1952-04-16 1953-07-15 Charles Benjamin Hoole Improvements in or relating to milling cutters and like tools
US2972287A (en) * 1957-04-24 1961-02-21 Walter G See Milling of metals subject to galling
EP2186584A1 (fr) * 2007-09-06 2010-05-19 JTEKT Corporation Outil de coupe, procédé de conception d'outil de coupe et procédé de fabrication d'outil de coupe
GB2482054A (en) * 2010-07-13 2012-01-18 Element Six Ltd Method of making an indexable cutter insert
WO2015058881A1 (fr) * 2013-10-21 2015-04-30 Walter Ag Fraise à queue pour superalliages résistants à la chaleur
CN106583803A (zh) * 2015-10-14 2017-04-26 天钻科技股份有限公司 钻石镀膜切削刀具及其制法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3643467A1 (fr) 2020-04-29
CA3058060A1 (fr) 2020-04-25
EP3643467C0 (fr) 2023-06-07
RU2019133185A (ru) 2021-04-19

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