EP3643467B1 - Use of a blade as machining blade, profiling blade or mincer blade - Google Patents
Use of a blade as machining blade, profiling blade or mincer blade Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3643467B1 EP3643467B1 EP18202652.6A EP18202652A EP3643467B1 EP 3643467 B1 EP3643467 B1 EP 3643467B1 EP 18202652 A EP18202652 A EP 18202652A EP 3643467 B1 EP3643467 B1 EP 3643467B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cutting
- blade
- wood
- cutting plate
- main body
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 152
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000014820 Galium aparine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000005702 Galium aparine Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002916 wood waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011094 fiberboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012255 powdered metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27G—ACCESSORY MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; TOOLS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; SAFETY DEVICES FOR WOOD WORKING MACHINES OR TOOLS
- B27G13/00—Cutter blocks; Other rotary cutting tools
Definitions
- the invention relates to the use of a knife of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1 for processing wood and a knife for processing wood according to the preamble of claim 1.
- a cleaver which has a cutting tip made of hard metal to increase wear resistance.
- the cutting plate is welded onto the cleaver's supporting body.
- Experts are therefore currently assuming that extremely hard cutting inserts in chipper knives, profiling knives or chipper knives for processing wet wood and/or raw wood are not up to the impact loads that occur and are therefore unsuitable.
- the drilling tool includes a plurality of blades to which cutting bodies are attached using brazing methods.
- the object of the invention is to be able to process wet wood and/or raw wood with a longer service life.
- the knife comprises a basic knife body and at least one cutting plate with a cutting edge.
- the cutting plate is carried by the knife body and is fixed to the knife body by means of a brazed connection with a copper solder.
- the knife designed in this way is used for processing wet wood and/or raw wood.
- the invention is based on the knowledge that, contrary to the technical prejudices of experts, a very hard cutting plate can definitely be exposed to significant operational shock loads, provided that certain conditions are met. It was recognized that it was not the impact load as such, but rather a resulting bending deformation of the insert with local zones of tensile stress that was responsible for premature failure of the insert. If the knife engages in the workpiece, a cutting force acts on the cutting insert and there in particular on the cutting edge. This cutting force presses the insert against the knife body. Due to the elastic resilience of its support, the cutting plate undergoes a deformation that leads to bending stresses in the cutting plate.
- soldering gap with a specific gap thickness occurs between the cutting plate and the knife base body in the context of the known manufacturing processes, the soldering gap being filled with the soldering material. Due to its flexibility in connection with the gap thickness, the comparatively soft solder material produces a flexible bedding of the cutting plate, which allows the bending deformation of the cutting plate described above. The internal tensile stresses resulting from the bending deformation add up to operational bending stresses and lead to component failure or cutting edge fracture.
- the above difficulties are avoided by using copper solder according to the invention. Since the hard-soldered connection with copper solder has very little flexibility compared to other hard-soldered connections, in particular because of its comparatively small soldering gap thickness, the cutting plate is supported by the copper solder in a significantly less flexible manner against the cutting forces. Due to the stiffer support, the bending stresses in the cutting insert resulting from the cutting force, in particular that is applied abruptly, are reduced.
- the joining temperature differences in hard-soldered connections with copper solder are significantly lower compared to the joining temperature differences of welded cutting plates. Due to the comparatively small temperature changes in the joining area, the formation of residual tensile stresses is essentially avoided. Localized heating also occurs during welding, which also leads to residual stresses in the material during the cooling process. Overall, it has been achieved that the special material properties of extremely hard materials in cutting inserts are taken into account much better: These materials are very wear-resistant and have a very high compressive strength, but are sensitive to tensile stress. According to the invention, it has now been achieved that the bending stresses in the cutting inserts are kept within limits even in the case of high impact loads, so that work can be carried out with increased tooth feed and correspondingly associated increased shock loads.
- the hard-soldered connection between the at least one cutting plate and the basic knife body is advantageously a high-temperature vacuum-soldered connection.
- the cutting plate is brazed to the knife body with copper solder at a temperature of at least 750°C in a furnace under vacuum. This results in an even and thorough introduction of heat up to the soldering temperature in the entire knife. The distortion of the knife and the thermally induced stresses are very low.
- the vacuum serves to prevent oxidation, which means that a separate flux can be dispensed with.
- the copper solder has a mass fraction of copper of at least 99%.
- the copper solder is pure copper. Copper solder with a high mass proportion of copper has particularly good workability.
- the at least one cutting plate is preferably formed from a material from the group of substances comprising uncoated hard metal, coated hard metal, cutting ceramics, super-hard cutting materials, natural diamond, PCD, MKD, CVD-D, CBN.
- the cutting plate has a high degree of hardness and is particularly resistant to abrasive wear.
- the knife includes at least one additional cutting plate.
- the at least one additional cutting plate is also fastened to the basic knife body with the copper solder by means of the hard solder connection according to the invention.
- the cutting contour formed by the cutting edges of the cutting inserts is angled in a preferred variant.
- the geometry of such cutting edges can be designed in different ways, for example to reduce cutting forces or to shape the workpiece surface or the chip geometry in a targeted manner.
- the cutting edges of the cutting inserts together form a continuous, straight cutting contour.
- the different coefficients of expansion of the cutting elements and knife body are taken into account.
- the at least one cutting plate and the basic blade body delimit a soldering gap, the width of which is advantageously less than 0.1 mm, preferably less than 0.08 mm. Since the rigidity of the blade body is higher than the rigidity of the copper solder, the smaller the width of the soldering gap, the less the displacement of the cutting plate during the cutting process. This reduces the bending stress to a minimum, which is accompanied by a corresponding increase in the impact strength.
- a chipper disk 10 is shown, which is used in a profiling chipper system, not shown, for the production of plane-parallel surfaces on raw wood and/or wet wood.
- the timbers are conveyed through the profiling chipper system and processed by two chipper disks 10 arranged opposite one another.
- the chipper discs 10 are each driven by a drive unit to rotate in the direction of rotation 11 about their axis of rotation 9 .
- profiling knives When the wood comes into contact with the chipper discs 10, the wood is cut to a defined geometry using so-called profiling knives.
- the residual wood is chopped up into wood chips by so-called chipper knives, in order to be used as a raw material in the paper industry.
- the chipper disk 10 shown has a conical inner side 12 facing the wood, on which a plurality of knives 1 is arranged over the entire circumference of the chipper disk 10 .
- Each blade 1 is attached to the chipper disc 10 by means of a screw 16.
- the knives 1 have a rear end 15 and a front end 14 with respect to the direction of rotation 11 , a cutting edge 4 being formed at the front end 14 of the knife 1 .
- the chipper disc 10 has a chip opening 13 for each knife 1 .
- the chip opening 13 is arranged directly in front of the knife 1 in the direction of rotation 11 of the chip disk 10 .
- the chipper disk 10 has a conical section 17 . Since two chipper discs 10 are arranged opposite each other during operation, they form a kind of funnel-shaped passage through which the wood is pushed during processing. Upon contact of the wood with the chipper discs 10, the wood is progressively cut across the funnel shaped passage of the chipper discs 10 to a minimum width of the passage.
- the knives 1 mounted in the conical section of the chipper disk 10 are designed as chipper knives.
- the chipper disc 10 also has a contact surface 18 on its inner side 12, which additionally enables the assembly of a circular saw (not shown).
- the chipper disk 10 as well as the profiling chipper system are only examples of the use of a knife.
- 3 is a first embodiment of such a blade 1, namely a chipper blade 1 for the chipper disc 10 according to Figures 1 and 2 shown.
- the knife 1 has, as well as in the Figures 5 and 6 shown embodiment, on the knife body 2 two legs 19 and an internal thread 20 ( 4 ) on. About the legs 19 and the internal thread 20, the knife 1 on a corresponding cutting system, namely on the chipper disc 10 according to the Figures 1 and 2 positioned and fixed.
- the knife can also be attached to a cutting system in a different way. For example, instead of the legs 19, a hole or a slot can be formed on the blade 1 for attachment.
- the knife 1 comprises a first cutting insert 3 with a cutting edge 4 and an optional additional cutting insert 3' with an associated cutting edge 4'.
- the cutting plates 3, 3' are arranged at the front end 14 of the knife 1 and are fastened to the knife body 2 by means of a brazed connection 5 using copper solder 6.
- the cutting inserts 3, 3' make mutual contact, with their cutting edges 4, 4' forming a cutting contour 22.
- the cutting contour 22 is angled.
- the basic knife body 2 has a thickening 23 at the front end 14 on the side of the leg on which the additional cutting plate 3' is arranged.
- the additional cutting plate 3 ' is held on the thickening of the knife body 2.
- a chipper disc 10 with associated chipper knives 1 was described.
- profiling lines for processing raw wood and/or wet wood often also have so-called profiling units which are connected downstream of the chipper disks 10 and which process the longitudinal edges of the surfaces produced by the chipper disks 10 .
- knives 1 designed according to the invention are also used according to the invention in such profiling units, not shown here, namely in the form of profiling knives.
- a second embodiment of a knife 1 is shown, which is designed as such a profiling knife.
- the knife 1 comprises a basic knife body 2 and a cutting plate 3 with a cutting edge 4.
- the cutting plate 3 is arranged at the front end 14 of the knife 1 in relation to the direction of rotation and is fastened to the basic knife body 2 by means of a hard solder connection 5.
- An internal thread 20 is formed on the basic knife body 2, via which the knife 1 is positioned in its longitudinal direction on a corresponding cutting system. After 6 the basic knife body 2 has two legs 19 between which fastening screws pass in the mounted state and fix the knife 1 in its adjusted position.
- FIGs 7 and 8 is the cutting area of the knife 1 according to the Figures 5 and 6 shown schematically in a longitudinal section.
- the cutting plate 3 and the basic blade body 2 delimit a soldering gap 8 for the brazing connection 5 .
- the soldering gap 8 has a width a which corresponds to the distance between the basic blade body 2 and the cutting plate 3 .
- the maximum width a of the soldering gap 8 is at most 0.1 mm, preferably at most 0.07 mm.
- Copper solder 6 is located in the soldering gap 8 between the knife body 2 and the cutting plate 3 , which materially connects the knife body 2 to the cutting plate 3 .
- the copper solder 6 is in contact with the knife body 2 and the cutting plate 3 and forms the brazed connection 5.
- the hard-soldered joint 5 is designed as a high-temperature vacuum soldered joint. Accordingly, the soldering process for fastening the cutting insert 3 to the basic knife body 2 takes place in a vacuum with the exclusion of air.
- the knife 1 is heated step by step in a furnace under vacuum to a soaking temperature of less than 750°C. The temperature is then increased to a soldering temperature of greater than 750° C. to melt the copper solder 6 .
- the copper solder 6 is distributed in the soldering gap 8 by capillary action, followed by diffusion of the copper solder 6 into the surfaces of the knife body 2 and the cutting plate 3. After the knife 1 has cooled down, the brazed connection is completed.
- the mass fraction of copper in the copper solder 6 is at least 99%.
- a copper alloy with a lower copper content in particular of at least 50%, preferably at least 80%, preferably at least 90%, and corresponding additives can also be expedient as the solder.
- the cutting plate 3 consists of a coated or uncoated hard metal.
- the cutting plate 3 can also consist of a cutting ceramic, super-hard cutting materials or ultra-hard cutting materials. These include, for example, natural diamond, PCD (polycrystalline diamond), MKD (monocrystalline diamond), and CBN (polycrystalline cubic boron nitride) and CVD-D (chemical vapor deposition diamond).
- the basic knife body 2 consists of steel. The use of other materials, such as powdered metal, may also be appropriate.
- the base of the cutting insert 3 there is a deformation of the base of the cutting insert 3, in particular within the layer of copper solder 6, by a deformation amount b, with the deformation amount b representing a percentage of the width a of the soldering gap.
- the deformation of the base is accompanied by a corresponding deformation of the cutting plate 3, with corresponding bending deformations in the cutting plate 3 with compressive stresses D and tensile stresses Z occur.
- the hard cutting insert 3 is particularly sensitive to the bending-related tensile stresses Z. According to the invention, it has been possible to reduce the bending deformations and thus the tensile stresses Z in the cutting insert 3 to a minimum.
- the tooth feed corresponds to the feed of a knife 1 into the workpiece relative to the preceding knife 1 in the direction of rotation.
- the knives are suitable for use with a tooth feed of 5 mm or more. However, it can also be expedient to use the knife with a higher tooth feed of 8 mm or more and in particular of at least 10 mm or more.
- FIG. 9 shows a perspective view of a variant of the knife 1 according to FIG Figures 5, 6 with a larger width in comparison.
- Two U-shaped receptacles for fastening screws are formed in the knife body 2 .
- more cutting plates 3 are provided here, which add up to a total number of, for example, six pieces. Depending on the application and the geometric design, however, different total numbers of cutting inserts 3 can also be expedient.
- the cutting plates 3 correspond in their geometric configuration and in their type of attachment of the cutting plate 3 after Figures 5 to 8 . They are positioned next to one another without gaps in such a way that their cutting edges 4 complement each other to form a continuous, straight cutting contour 22 . Functionally, a single, larger cutting edge is thus formed, which consists of smaller individual cutting plates composed.
- the exemplary embodiment corresponds to the remaining features and reference symbols 9 consistent with the embodiments described above.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
- Debarking, Splitting, And Disintegration Of Timber (AREA)
- Knives (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung eines Messers der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Gattung zur Verarbeitung von Holz und ein Messer zur Verarbeitung von Holz gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to the use of a knife of the type specified in the preamble of
Eine solche Verwendung und ein solches Messer sind aus dem Dokument
Bei Messern zur maschinellen Bearbeitung von Holz oder holzartigen Werkstoffen besteht allgemein ein ausgeprägtes Interesse an der Reduzierung bzw. der Vermeidung von Verschleiß und an der Maximierung der Standzeit. Dies versucht man in vielen Anwendungsbereichen durch Einsatz von Schneidplatten aus hochharten Werkstoffen zu erreichen. Solche hochharte Schneidplatten finden insbesondere bei der Feinbearbeitung von trockenem Holz, Faserplatten oder dergleichen Verbreitung, wobei die Schneidplatten dann in üblicher Weise auf einen Messergrundkörper aufgelötet sind. Die hierfür bekannten hochharten Werkstoffe gelten als sehr verschleißfest, aber auch als stoßempfindlich. Im genannten Anwendungsfall wird deshalb mit ausreichend niedrigen Zahnvorschüben gearbeitet, so dass die an den einzelnen Schneidplatten wirkenden Schlagbelastungen gering sind. Unter solchen Umständen können sehr hohe Schnittgeschwindigkeiten und dennoch hohe Standzeiten erzielt werden.In knives for machining wood or wood-like materials, there is generally a strong interest in reducing or preventing wear and maximizing service life. In many areas of application, attempts are made to achieve this by using cutting inserts made of extremely hard materials. Such extremely hard cutting tips are used in particular in the fine machining of dry wood, fiber boards or the like, the cutting tips then being soldered onto a basic knife body in the usual way. The extremely hard materials known for this are considered to be very wear-resistant, but also sensitive to impact. In the application mentioned, work is therefore carried out with sufficiently low tooth feeds, so that the impact loads acting on the individual cutting inserts are low. Under such circumstances, very high cutting speeds and still long service lives can be achieved.
Abweichende Bedingungen finden sich aber bei der Bearbeitung von Feucht- bzw. Rohholz. Beispielsweise in Sägewerken wird das aus der Forstwirtschaft angelieferte Rohholz in mehreren Prozessschritten aufgearbeitet. In großen Maschinenanlagen wird aus dem Rohholz Schnittholz hergestellt, wobei die Holzabfälle zu Hackschnitzeln weiterverarbeitet werden. Derartige Maschinenanlagen werden mit speziellen Messern, beispielsweise mit Profilier-, Spaner- und/oder Hackermessern bestückt. Aufgrund der sehr hohen Zahnvorschübe sind solche Messer neben hohem Verschleiß auch höchsten Schlagbelastungen ausgesetzt.However, different conditions can be found when processing damp or raw wood. In sawmills, for example, the raw wood delivered from the forestry sector is processed in several process steps. Sawn timber is produced from the raw wood in large machine systems, with the wood waste being further processed into wood chips become. Such machine systems are equipped with special knives, for example with profiling, chipper and/or chipper knives. Due to the very high tooth feeds, such knives are not only exposed to high wear but also to the highest impact loads.
Aus der
Aus der
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Verarbeitung von Nassholz und/oder Rohholz mit erhöhter Standzeit durchführen zu können.The object of the invention is to be able to process wet wood and/or raw wood with a longer service life.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Verwendung eines Messers mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by using a knife with the features of
Das Messer umfasst einen Messergrundkörper und mindestens eine Schneidplatte mit einer Schneidkante. Die Schneidplatte wird von dem Messergrundkörper getragen und ist mittels einer Hartlotverbindung mit einem Kupferlot an dem Messergrundkörper befestigt. Das derart ausgestaltete Messer findet gemäß der Erfindung seine Verwendung zur Verarbeitung von Nassholz und/oder Rohholz.The knife comprises a basic knife body and at least one cutting plate with a cutting edge. The cutting plate is carried by the knife body and is fixed to the knife body by means of a brazed connection with a copper solder. According to the invention, the knife designed in this way is used for processing wet wood and/or raw wood.
Die Erfindung basiert auf der Erkenntnis, dass entgegen des technischen Vorurteils der Fachwelt eine hochharte Schneidplatte durchaus signifikanten betriebsbedingten Stoßbelastungen ausgesetzt werden kann, sofern bestimmte Bedingungen erfüllt sind. Es wurde nämlich erkannt, dass nicht die Stoßbelastung als solche, sondern eine daraus resultierende Biegeverformung der Schneidplatte mit örtlichen Zonen der Zugbeanspruchung für ein vorzeitiges Versagen der Schneidplatte verantwortlich war. Greift nämlich das Messer in das Werkstück ein, wirkt auf die Schneidplatte und dort insbesondere auf die Schneidkante eine Schnittkraft. Diese Schnittkraft drückt die Schneidplatte gegen den Messergrundkörper. Dabei erfährt die Schneidplatte aufgrund elastischer Nachgiebigkeit seiner Abstützung eine Verformung, die zu Biegespannungen in der Schneidplatte führt.The invention is based on the knowledge that, contrary to the technical prejudices of experts, a very hard cutting plate can definitely be exposed to significant operational shock loads, provided that certain conditions are met. It was recognized that it was not the impact load as such, but rather a resulting bending deformation of the insert with local zones of tensile stress that was responsible for premature failure of the insert. If the knife engages in the workpiece, a cutting force acts on the cutting insert and there in particular on the cutting edge. This cutting force presses the insert against the knife body. Due to the elastic resilience of its support, the cutting plate undergoes a deformation that leads to bending stresses in the cutting plate.
Bei herkömmlichen Hartlotverbindungen, bei denen eine nahezu vollflächige Lotverbindung von Grundkörper und Schneidplatte vorhanden ist, mit üblicherweise verwendetem Silberlot stellt sich zwischen Schneidplatte und Messergrundkörper im Rahmen der bekannten Fertigungsverfahren ein Lötspalt mit einer bestimmten Spaltdicke ein, wobei der Lötspalt mit dem Lotmaterial gefüllt ist. Das vergleichsweise weiche Lotmaterial erzeugt aufgrund seiner Nachgiebigkeit in Verbindung mit der Spaltdicke eine nachgiebige Bettung der Schneidplatte, die die zuvor beschriebene Biegeverformung der Schneidplatte zulässt. Die durch die Biegeverformung entstehenden Zugeigenspannungen addieren sich mit betriebsbedingten Biegebeanspruchungen und führen zum Bauteilversagen bzw. Schneidenbruch.In the case of conventional brazing connections, in which there is a nearly full-area soldering connection between the base body and the cutting plate, with the commonly used silver solder, a soldering gap with a specific gap thickness occurs between the cutting plate and the knife base body in the context of the known manufacturing processes, the soldering gap being filled with the soldering material. Due to its flexibility in connection with the gap thickness, the comparatively soft solder material produces a flexible bedding of the cutting plate, which allows the bending deformation of the cutting plate described above. The internal tensile stresses resulting from the bending deformation add up to operational bending stresses and lead to component failure or cutting edge fracture.
Bei Messern mit aufgeschweißten Schneidplatten beschränkt sich die Nachgiebigkeit der Bettung auf die Nachgiebigkeit der weniger weichen Schweißnaht, weshalb die betriebsbedingten Biegebeanspruchungen geringer sind. Jedoch ist zu berücksichtigen, dass aufgeschweißte Schneidplatten nicht vollflächig, sondern vielmehr rahmenartig an dem Messergrundkörper befestigt sind. So können Schneidkräfte bewirken, dass die Schneidplatte sich mittig vom Messergrundkörper abhebt und Biegebeanspruchungen an den Schweißnähten entstehen. Zudem weisen geschweißte Messer an den Fügestellen des Messergrundkörpers und der Schneidplatte infolge des Schweißprozesses hohe thermisch induzierte Zugeigenspannungen auf. Diese Zugeigenspannungen addieren sich mit den Biegespannungen sowie mit betriebsbedingten Biegebeanspruchungen und führen zum Bauteilversagen bzw. Schneidenbruch.In the case of knives with welded inserts, the flexibility of the bedding is limited to the flexibility of the less soft weld seam, which is why the operational bending stresses are lower. However, it must be taken into account that welded inserts are not attached to the knife body over the entire surface, but rather in a frame-like manner. Cutting forces can cause the cutting plate to lift off the center of the knife body and bending stresses to the weld seams. In addition, welded knives show at the joints of the knife body and the cutting plate as a result of the welding process, high thermally induced internal tensile stresses. These internal tensile stresses add up to the bending stresses and operational bending stresses and lead to component failure or cutting edge fracture.
Durch den erfindungsgemäßen Einsatz von Kupferlot werden obige Schwierigkeiten umgangen. Da die Hartlotverbindung mit Kupferlot gegenüber anderen Hartlotverbindungen insbesondere wegen ihrer vergleichsweise geringen Lötspaltdicke eine sehr geringe Nachgiebigkeit aufweist, wird die Schneidplatte durch das Kupferlot entgegen der Schnittkräfte deutlich weniger nachgiebig abgestützt. Durch die steifere Abstützung sind die aus der insbesondere schlagartig aufgebrachten Schnittkraft resultierenden Biegespannungen in der Schneidplatte reduziert.The above difficulties are avoided by using copper solder according to the invention. Since the hard-soldered connection with copper solder has very little flexibility compared to other hard-soldered connections, in particular because of its comparatively small soldering gap thickness, the cutting plate is supported by the copper solder in a significantly less flexible manner against the cutting forces. Due to the stiffer support, the bending stresses in the cutting insert resulting from the cutting force, in particular that is applied abruptly, are reduced.
Darüber hinaus sind die Fügetemperaturunterschiede bei Hartlotverbindungen mit Kupferlot gegenüber den Fügetemperaturunterschieden aufgeschweißter Schneidplatten deutlich geringer. Durch die vergleichsweise geringen Temperaturveränderungen im Fügebereich wird die Ausbildung von verbleibenden Zugeigenspannungen im Wesentlichen vermieden. Beim Schweißen treten zudem lokal begrenzte Erwärmungen auf, die ebenfalls während des Abkühlprozesses zu Eigenspannungen im Werkstoff führen. Insgesamt ist erreicht, dass den besonderen Materialeigenschaften von hochharten Materialien in Schneidplatten deutlich besser Rechnung getragen wird: Diese Materialien sind sehr verschleißfest und weisen eine sehr hohe Druckbelastbarkeit auf, sind jedoch empfindlich gegen Zugbeanspruchung. Gemäß der Erfindung ist nun erreicht worden, dass die Biegebeanspruchungen in den Schneidplatten selbst bei hohen Schlagbelastungen in Grenzen gehalten werden, so dass mit erhöhtem Zahnvorschub und entsprechend einhergehender erhöhter Stoßbelastung gearbeitet werden kann.In addition, the joining temperature differences in hard-soldered connections with copper solder are significantly lower compared to the joining temperature differences of welded cutting plates. Due to the comparatively small temperature changes in the joining area, the formation of residual tensile stresses is essentially avoided. Localized heating also occurs during welding, which also leads to residual stresses in the material during the cooling process. Overall, it has been achieved that the special material properties of extremely hard materials in cutting inserts are taken into account much better: These materials are very wear-resistant and have a very high compressive strength, but are sensitive to tensile stress. According to the invention, it has now been achieved that the bending stresses in the cutting inserts are kept within limits even in the case of high impact loads, so that work can be carried out with increased tooth feed and correspondingly associated increased shock loads.
Jedenfalls ist hierdurch erst die Verwendung zur Verarbeitung von Nassholz und/oder Rohholz, insbesondere die Verwendung als Spanermesser, Profiliermesser oder Hackermesser möglich geworden, was gegenüber der Verwendung von herkömmlichen Messern zu erheblich höherer Standzeit führt. Rohholz ist das Holz von gefällten, entasteten und entwipfelten Bäumen, die keine weitere Bearbeitung erfahren haben. Nassholz ist feuchtes, nicht getrocknetes Holz. In der Holzverarbeitung wird Nassholz auch als Grünholz bezeichnet. Spanermesser, Profiliermesser und Hackermesser haben gemein, dass diese unter hohen Vorschubgeschwindigkeiten und großen Zahnvorschüben eingesetzt werden. Vorteilhaft beträgt der Zahnvorschub mindestens 5 mm, insbesondere mindestens 8 mm, vorzugsweise mindestens 10 mm. Hierbei treten zwar im Vergleich zur Trockenholzbearbeitung sehr hohe Stoßbelastungen auf. Diese können jedoch aufgrund der erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung ertragen werden, so dass insgesamt eine ausgeprägt wirtschaftliche Verwendung mit schnellem Arbeitsfortschritt und dennoch hoher Standzeit möglich geworden ist.In any case, it is only because of this that the use for processing wet wood and/or raw wood, in particular use as a chipper knife, profiling knife or chipper knife, has become possible, which compared to the use of conventional knives leads to a significantly longer service life. Rough wood is the wood from trees that have been felled, delimbed and delimbed and have not undergone any further processing. Wet wood is moist, not dried wood. In wood processing, wet wood is also referred to as green wood. Chipper knives, profiling knives and chipper knives have in common that they are used at high feed speeds and with large tooth feeds. The tooth advance is advantageously at least 5 mm, in particular at least 8 mm, preferably at least 10 mm. In this case, in comparison to dry wood processing, very high impact loads occur. However, due to the design according to the invention, these can be endured, so that overall a markedly economical use with rapid work progress and nevertheless a long service life has become possible.
Die Hartlotverbindung zwischen der mindestens einen Schneidplatte und dem Messergrundkörper ist vorteilhaft eine Hochtemperatur-Vakuumlötverbindung. Beim Hochtemperatur-Vakuumlöten wird in einem Ofen unter Vakuum die Schneidplatte an den Messergrundkörper mit Kupferlot bei einer Temperatur von mindestens 750°C gelötet. Dabei erfolgt eine gleichmäßige und durchgreifende Wärmeeinbringung bis auf Löttemperatur in das gesamte Messer. Der Verzug des Messers sowie die thermisch induzierten Spannungen sind sehr gering. Zudem dient das Vakuum der Verhinderung von Oxidation, wodurch auf ein separates Flussmittel verzichtet werden kann.The hard-soldered connection between the at least one cutting plate and the basic knife body is advantageously a high-temperature vacuum-soldered connection. With high-temperature vacuum brazing, the cutting plate is brazed to the knife body with copper solder at a temperature of at least 750°C in a furnace under vacuum. This results in an even and thorough introduction of heat up to the soldering temperature in the entire knife. The distortion of the knife and the thermally induced stresses are very low. In addition, the vacuum serves to prevent oxidation, which means that a separate flux can be dispensed with.
Es ist vorteilhaft vorgesehen, dass das Kupferlot einen Massenanteil an Kupfer von mindestens 99% aufweist. Vorzugsweise ist das Kupferlot reines Kupfer. Kupferlot mit einem hohen Massenanteil an Kupfer besitzt eine besonders gute Bearbeitbarkeit.It is advantageously provided that the copper solder has a mass fraction of copper of at least 99%. Preferably the copper solder is pure copper. Copper solder with a high mass proportion of copper has particularly good workability.
Die mindestens eine Schneidplatte ist vorzugsweise aus einem Material der Gruppe der Stoffe umfassend unbeschichtetes Hartmetall, beschichtetes Hartmetall, Schneidkeramik, superharte Schneidstoffe, Naturdiamant, PKD, MKD, CVD-D, CBN gebildet. Dadurch weist die Schneidplatte eine hohe Härte auf und ist gegenüber abrasivem Verschleiß besonderes widerstandsfähig.The at least one cutting plate is preferably formed from a material from the group of substances comprising uncoated hard metal, coated hard metal, cutting ceramics, super-hard cutting materials, natural diamond, PCD, MKD, CVD-D, CBN. As a result, the cutting plate has a high degree of hardness and is particularly resistant to abrasive wear.
Vorteilhaft umfasst das Messer mindestens eine zusätzliche Schneidplatte. Auch die mindestens eine zusätzliche Schneidplatte ist mittels der erfindungsgemäßen Hartlotverbindung mit dem Kupferlot an dem Messergrundkörper befestigt. Die von den Schneidkanten der Schneidplatten gebildete Schneidkontur ist in einer bevorzugten Variante gewinkelt. Durch die Anordnung mehrerer Schneidplatten zueinander wird die Gestaltung einer komplexen Schneidkante oder einer langen Schneidkante ermöglicht. Die Geometrie derartiger Schneidkanten können verschieden ausgelegt werden, um beispielsweise Schnittkräfte zu reduzieren oder die Werkstückoberfläche oder auch die Spangeometrie gezielt zu gestalten. In einer vorteilhaften Alternative bilden die Schneidkanten der Schneidplatten gemeinsam eine durchgehende, geradlinige Schneidkontur. Bei der Ausbildung von langen, insbesondere geradlinigen Schneidkanten durch mehrere Schneidelemente wird den verschiedenen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten von Schneidelementen und Messergrundkörper Rechnung getragen. Durch die Verwendung mehrerer und deshalb kleinerer Schneiden kann die thermisch induzierte Eigenspannung innerhalb der einzelnen Schneiden reduziert werden.Advantageously, the knife includes at least one additional cutting plate. The at least one additional cutting plate is also fastened to the basic knife body with the copper solder by means of the hard solder connection according to the invention. The cutting contour formed by the cutting edges of the cutting inserts is angled in a preferred variant. By arranging several cutting inserts in relation to one another, it is possible to design a complex cutting edge or a long cutting edge. The geometry of such cutting edges can be designed in different ways, for example to reduce cutting forces or to shape the workpiece surface or the chip geometry in a targeted manner. In an advantageous alternative, the cutting edges of the cutting inserts together form a continuous, straight cutting contour. In the formation of long, in particular rectilinear cutting edges by several cutting elements, the different coefficients of expansion of the cutting elements and knife body are taken into account. By using several and therefore smaller cutting edges, the thermally induced residual stress within the individual cutting edges can be reduced.
Die mindestens eine Schneidplatte und der Messergrundkörper begrenzen einen Lötspalt, dessen Breite vorteilhaft kleiner als 0,1 mm, vorzugsweise kleiner als 0,08 mm ist. Da die Steifigkeit des Messergrundkörpers höher ist als die Steifigkeit des Kupferlotes, reduziert sich mit geringerer Breite des Lötspaltes auch die Verschiebung der Schneidplatte während des Schneidvorganges. Dadurch wird die Biegebeanspruchung auf ein Minimum reduziert, was mit einer korrespondierenden Erhöhung der Schlagbeanspruchbarkeit einhergeht.The at least one cutting plate and the basic blade body delimit a soldering gap, the width of which is advantageously less than 0.1 mm, preferably less than 0.08 mm. Since the rigidity of the blade body is higher than the rigidity of the copper solder, the smaller the width of the soldering gap, the less the displacement of the cutting plate during the cutting process. This reduces the bending stress to a minimum, which is accompanied by a corresponding increase in the impact strength.
Weitere Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den weiteren Ansprüchen, der Beschreibung und der Zeichnung, in der nachfolgend im Einzelnen beschriebene Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung dargestellt sind. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- in einer Vorderansicht eine Spanerscheibe mit montierten Messern,
- Fig. 2
- in einer Schnittdarstellung die Spanerscheibe nach
Fig. 1 entlang der mit den Pfeilen II-II inFig. 1 angegebenen Schnittebene, - Fig. 3
- in einer perspektivischen Darstellung ein Spanermesser,
- Fig. 4
- in einer Vorderansicht das Spanermesser nach
Fig. 3 , - Fig. 5
- in einer Seitenansicht ein Profiliermesser mit Schneidplatte,
- Fig. 6
- in einer Ansicht von unten das Profiliermesser nach
Fig. 5 , - Fig. 7
- in einer schematischen ausschnittsweisen Darstellung das Messer mit Schneidplatte nach
Fig. 5 , - Fig. 8
- in einer schematischen ausschnittsweisen Darstellung den Lötspalt des Messers nach
Fig. 5 , und - Fig. 9
- in einer perspektivischen Darstellung eine Variante des Messers nach den
Fig. 5, 6 mit breiterer und in einzelne Teilstücke aufgeteilter Schneidplatte.
- 1
- in a front view a chipper disc with mounted knives,
- 2
- the chipper disc in a
sectional view 1 along the arrows II-II in1 specified cutting plane, - 3
- in a perspective view a chipper knife,
- 4
- the chipper knife in a
front view 3 , - figure 5
- in a side view a profiling knife with cutting plate,
- 6
- the profiling knife in a view from below
figure 5 , - 7
- shows the knife with the cutting plate in a schematic representation of a detail
figure 5 , - 8
- shows the soldering gap of the knife in a schematic representation of a detail
figure 5 , and - 9
- in a perspective view a variant of the knife according to
Figures 5, 6 with a wider cutting plate divided into individual sections.
In der
Die in
Wie in
Die Spanerscheibe 10 wie auch die Profilierspaneranlage sind lediglich Beispiele für den Einsatz eines Messers. In
Wie in
Im Zusammenhang mit den
In den
In allen gezeigten Ausführungsbeispielen ist die Hartlötverbindung 5 als eine Hochtemperatur-Vakuumlötverbindung ausgebildet. Demnach erfolgt der Lötvorgang zur Befestigung der Schneidplatte 3 auf dem Messergrundkörper 2 unter Luftabschluss in einem Vakuum. Dabei wird das Messer 1 in einem Ofen unter Vakuum stufenweise auf eine Durchwärmtemperatur von weniger als 750°C geheizt. Anschließend wird zum Schmelzen des Kupferlotes 6 die Temperatur auf eine Löttemperatur von größer als 750°C erhöht. Die Verteilung des Kupferlotes 6 im Lötspalt 8 erfolgt durch Kapillarwirkung, gefolgt von einer Diffusion des Kupferlotes 6 in die Oberflächen des Messergrundkörpers 2 und der Schneidplatte 3. Nach anschließender Abkühlung des Messers 1 ist die Hartlötverbindung fertiggestellt.In all of the exemplary embodiments shown, the hard-soldered joint 5 is designed as a high-temperature vacuum soldered joint. Accordingly, the soldering process for fastening the cutting
Der Massenanteil des Kupferlotes 6 an Kupfer beträgt mindestens 99%. In einer alternativen Ausführung kann aber auch eine Kupferlegierung mit einem geringeren Kupferanteil, insbesondere von mindestens 50%, bevorzugt mindestens 80%, vorzugsweise mindestens 90%, und entsprechenden Zuschlagsstoffen als Lot zweckmäßig sein. Die Schneidplatte 3 besteht aus einem beschichteten oder unbeschichteten Hartmetall. Für eine noch höhere Verschleißfestigkeit kann die Schneidplatte 3 aber auch aus einer Schneidkeramik, aus superharten Schneidstoffen oder ultraharten Schneidstoffen bestehen. Hierzu zählen beispielsweise Naturdiamant, PKD (Polykristalliner Diamant), MKD (Monokristalliner Diamant), und CBN (Polykristallines kubisches Bornitrid) und CVD-D (chemical vapour deposition Diamant). Der Messergrundkörper 2 besteht im Ausführungsbeispiel aus Stahl. Der Einsatz anderer Werkstoffe, wie beispielsweise Pulvermetall, kann ebenfalls zweckmäßig sein.The mass fraction of copper in the
Unter weiterem Bezug auf die
Das vorstehend zu den Profilier- und Spanermessern Beschriebene gilt natürlich sinngemäß gleich auch für andere Messer 1 beispielsweise zur Verwendung als Hackermesser oder dergleichen überall da, wo hohe Schlaglasten im Betrieb zu erwarten sind. Die genannten Hackermesser werden an Hackermaschinen eingesetzt. Derartige Hackermaschinen dienen der Zerkleinerung von Rohholz, Grünholz und/oder Holzabfällen und stellen vorwiegend Hackschnitzel für die Papierindustrie her.Of course, what was described above for the profiling and chipper knives also applies analogously to
Claims (11)
- Use of a blade (1) for processing wood,wherein the blade comprises a blade main body (2) and at least one cutting plate (3) with a cutting edge (4), wherein the cutting plate (3) is borne by the blade main body (2), wherein the blade (1) is used to process wet wood and/or raw wood,characterized in that the wood is wet wood and/or raw wood, and in that the cutting plate (3) is fastened to the blade main body (2) by means of a brazed connection (5) using a copper solder (6).
- Use of a blade according to Claim 1
as a chipper blade or profiling blade. - Use of a blade according to Claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that a tooth feed is at least 5 mm. - Use of a blade according to one of Claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that the brazed connection (5) between the at least one cutting plate (3) and the blade main body (2) is a high-temperature vacuum soldered connection. - Use of a blade according to one of Claims 1 to 4,
characterized in that the copper solder (6) comprises a proportion by mass of copper of at least 99%. - Use of a blade according to one of Claims 1 to 5,
characterized in that the at least one cutting plate (3) consists of the group of materials uncoated hard metal, coated hard metal, cutting ceramics, super-hard cutting materials, natural diamond, PCD, MCD, CVD-D, CBN. - Use of a blade according to one of Claims 1 to 6,
characterized in that the blade (1) comprises at least one additional cutting plate (3, 3'), wherein the at least one additional cutting plate (3, 3') is fastened to the blade main body (2) by means of the brazed connection (5) using the copper solder (6). - Use of a blade according to Claim 7,
characterized in that the cutting edges (4, 4') of the cutting plates (3, 3') form an angled cutting contour (22). - Use of a blade according to Claim 7,
characterized in that the cutting edges (4) of the cutting plates (3) together form a continuous, rectilinear cutting contour (22). - Use of a blade according to one of Claims 1 to 9,
characterized in that the at least one cutting plate (3) and the blade main body (2) delimit a solder gap (8), the width (a) of which is smaller than 0.1 mm. - Blade (1) for processing wood, wherein the blade comprises a blade main body (2) and at least one cutting plate (3) with a cutting edge (4), wherein the cutting plate (3) is borne by the blade main body (2), wherein the cutting plate (3) is fastened to the blade main body (2) by means of a brazed connection (5) using a copper solder (6),
characterized in that the wood is wet wood and/or raw wood, and in that the blade (1) comprises at least one additional cutting plate (3, 3'), wherein the at least one additional cutting plate (3, 3') is fastened to the blade main body (2) by means of the brazed connection (5) using the copper solder (6),
and in that the cutting plates (3, 3') contact one another, wherein the cutting edges (4, 4') thereof form a cutting contour (22).
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP18202652.6A EP3643467B1 (en) | 2018-10-25 | 2018-10-25 | Use of a blade as machining blade, profiling blade or mincer blade |
CA3058060A CA3058060A1 (en) | 2018-10-25 | 2019-10-09 | Using a knife as a chipper knife, profiling knife or hacker knife |
RU2019133185A RU2808521C2 (en) | 2018-10-25 | 2019-10-18 | Using knife as shaving knife, profiling knife or chipping knife |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP18202652.6A EP3643467B1 (en) | 2018-10-25 | 2018-10-25 | Use of a blade as machining blade, profiling blade or mincer blade |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3643467A1 EP3643467A1 (en) | 2020-04-29 |
EP3643467C0 EP3643467C0 (en) | 2023-06-07 |
EP3643467B1 true EP3643467B1 (en) | 2023-06-07 |
Family
ID=64051337
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP18202652.6A Active EP3643467B1 (en) | 2018-10-25 | 2018-10-25 | Use of a blade as machining blade, profiling blade or mincer blade |
Country Status (2)
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EP (1) | EP3643467B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA3058060A1 (en) |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH232681A (en) * | 1941-07-11 | 1944-06-15 | Fides Gmbh | Process for the production of essentially ring-shaped bodies with an outer part made of hard or hardenable metals. |
US2431581A (en) * | 1944-09-27 | 1947-11-25 | Robert G Owen | Milling machine cutter |
GB694292A (en) * | 1952-04-16 | 1953-07-15 | Charles Benjamin Hoole | Improvements in or relating to milling cutters and like tools |
US2972287A (en) * | 1957-04-24 | 1961-02-21 | Walter G See | Milling of metals subject to galling |
EP2186584A1 (en) * | 2007-09-06 | 2010-05-19 | JTEKT Corporation | Cutting tool, method of forming cutting tool, and method of manufacturing cutting tool |
GB2482054A (en) * | 2010-07-13 | 2012-01-18 | Element Six Ltd | Method of making an indexable cutter insert |
WO2015058881A1 (en) * | 2013-10-21 | 2015-04-30 | Walter Ag | End milling cutter for heat-resistant superalloys |
CN106583803A (en) * | 2015-10-14 | 2017-04-26 | 天钻科技股份有限公司 | Diamond coating cutter and manufacturing method thereof |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1724727U (en) | 1956-01-13 | 1956-06-21 | Greb & Co | CHOPPING KNIFE. |
DE2719330C3 (en) * | 1977-04-30 | 1984-01-05 | Christensen, Inc., 84115 Salt Lake City, Utah | Rotary drill bit |
US8360176B2 (en) * | 2009-01-29 | 2013-01-29 | Smith International, Inc. | Brazing methods for PDC cutters |
US8776913B2 (en) * | 2010-10-15 | 2014-07-15 | Smith International, Inc. | Special curve braze sheet for top loading cutter to get better braze strength |
-
2018
- 2018-10-25 EP EP18202652.6A patent/EP3643467B1/en active Active
-
2019
- 2019-10-09 CA CA3058060A patent/CA3058060A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH232681A (en) * | 1941-07-11 | 1944-06-15 | Fides Gmbh | Process for the production of essentially ring-shaped bodies with an outer part made of hard or hardenable metals. |
US2431581A (en) * | 1944-09-27 | 1947-11-25 | Robert G Owen | Milling machine cutter |
GB694292A (en) * | 1952-04-16 | 1953-07-15 | Charles Benjamin Hoole | Improvements in or relating to milling cutters and like tools |
US2972287A (en) * | 1957-04-24 | 1961-02-21 | Walter G See | Milling of metals subject to galling |
EP2186584A1 (en) * | 2007-09-06 | 2010-05-19 | JTEKT Corporation | Cutting tool, method of forming cutting tool, and method of manufacturing cutting tool |
GB2482054A (en) * | 2010-07-13 | 2012-01-18 | Element Six Ltd | Method of making an indexable cutter insert |
WO2015058881A1 (en) * | 2013-10-21 | 2015-04-30 | Walter Ag | End milling cutter for heat-resistant superalloys |
CN106583803A (en) * | 2015-10-14 | 2017-04-26 | 天钻科技股份有限公司 | Diamond coating cutter and manufacturing method thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA3058060A1 (en) | 2020-04-25 |
EP3643467C0 (en) | 2023-06-07 |
EP3643467A1 (en) | 2020-04-29 |
RU2019133185A (en) | 2021-04-19 |
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