EP3643467A1 - Use of a blade as machining blade, profiling blade or mincer blade - Google Patents
Use of a blade as machining blade, profiling blade or mincer blade Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3643467A1 EP3643467A1 EP18202652.6A EP18202652A EP3643467A1 EP 3643467 A1 EP3643467 A1 EP 3643467A1 EP 18202652 A EP18202652 A EP 18202652A EP 3643467 A1 EP3643467 A1 EP 3643467A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- knife
- cutting
- cutting plate
- base body
- solder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 145
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011093 chipboard Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002916 wood waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000014820 Galium aparine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000005702 Galium aparine Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011094 fiberboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27G—ACCESSORY MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; TOOLS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; SAFETY DEVICES FOR WOOD WORKING MACHINES OR TOOLS
- B27G13/00—Cutter blocks; Other rotary cutting tools
Definitions
- the invention relates to the use of a knife of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1 for processing wet wood and / or raw wood.
- Deviating conditions can be found when processing wet or raw wood.
- the raw wood delivered from forestry is processed in several process steps.
- lumber is made from the raw wood, with the wood waste being processed into wood chips.
- Such machine systems are equipped with special knives, equipped with profiling, chip and / or chipper knives, for example. Because of the very high tooth feed rates, such knives are exposed to high impact loads as well as high wear.
- a cleaver which has a carbide cutting tip to increase wear resistance.
- the cutting plate is welded onto the chopping knife's body. It is also disadvantageous here that the cutting inserts tend to break due to the high abrupt loads. The experts therefore currently assume that high-hard inserts in chip knives, profiling knives or chipper knives for processing wet wood and / or raw wood are unable to withstand the impact loads that occur and are therefore unsuitable.
- the invention has for its object to be able to process wet wood and / or raw wood with increased service life.
- the knife according to the invention comprises a basic knife body and at least one cutting plate with a cutting edge.
- the cutting insert is carried by the knife base body and is fastened to the knife base body by means of a hard solder connection with a copper solder.
- the knife designed in this way is used according to the invention for processing wet wood and / or raw wood.
- the invention is based on the knowledge that, contrary to the technical prejudice of the professional world, a highly hard insert can be exposed to significant operational shock loads if certain conditions are met. It was recognized that it was not the impact load as such, but a resulting bending deformation of the insert with local zones of tensile stress that was responsible for premature failure of the insert. If the knife engages in the workpiece, a cutting force acts on the cutting plate and there in particular on the cutting edge. This cutting force presses the insert against the knife body. The cutting insert experiences a deformation due to the elastic flexibility of its support, which leads to bending stresses in the cutting insert.
- solder gap with a certain gap thickness is established between the cutting plate and the knife base body within the scope of the known manufacturing processes, the solder gap being filled with the solder material.
- the comparatively soft solder material creates a resilient bedding of the cutting plate due to its flexibility in conjunction with the gap thickness, which allows the bending deformation of the cutting plate described above.
- the tensile residual stresses resulting from the bending deformation add up with operational bending stresses and lead to component failure or cutting edge breakage.
- the braze joint with copper braze has a very low degree of flexibility compared to other braze joints, in particular because of its comparatively small solder gap thickness, the cutting insert is supported by the copper braze against the cutting forces with significantly less flexibility. Due to the stiffer support, the bending stresses in the cutting insert resulting from the particularly sudden application of the cutting force are reduced.
- the hard solder connection between the at least one cutting plate and the knife base body is advantageously a high-temperature vacuum solder connection.
- the cutting plate With high-temperature vacuum soldering, the cutting plate is soldered to the knife base with copper solder at a temperature of at least 750 ° C in a furnace. In doing so, a uniform and thorough heat input up to the soldering temperature takes place in the entire knife. The warping of the knife and the thermally induced voltages are very low.
- the vacuum serves to prevent oxidation, which means that a separate flux is not required.
- the copper solder has a mass fraction of copper of at least 99%.
- the copper solder is preferably pure copper. Copper solder with a high mass fraction of copper has a particularly good machinability.
- the at least one cutting plate is preferably formed from a material from the group of substances comprising uncoated hard metal, coated hard metal, cutting ceramic, super hard cutting materials, natural diamond, PCD, MKD, CVD-D, CBN.
- the insert has a high hardness and is particularly resistant to abrasive wear.
- the knife advantageously comprises at least one additional cutting plate.
- the at least one additional cutting insert is also fastened to the basic knife body by means of the braze joint according to the invention with the copper solder.
- the one from the In a preferred variant cutting edges of the cutting contour formed are angled.
- the arrangement of several cutting plates in relation to one another enables the design of a complex cutting edge or a long cutting edge.
- the geometry of such cutting edges can be designed differently, for example to reduce cutting forces or to design the workpiece surface or the chip geometry in a targeted manner.
- the cutting edges of the cutting plates together form a continuous, straight-line cutting contour. When long, in particular rectilinear cutting edges are formed by a plurality of cutting elements, the different expansion coefficients of cutting elements and knife base body are taken into account. By using several and therefore smaller cutting edges, the thermally induced residual stress within the individual cutting edges can be reduced.
- the at least one cutting plate and the basic knife body delimit a soldering gap, the width of which is advantageously less than 0.1 mm, preferably less than 0.08 mm. Since the stiffness of the knife body is higher than the stiffness of the copper solder, the smaller the width of the soldering gap, the less the displacement of the insert during the cutting process. As a result, the bending stress is reduced to a minimum, which is accompanied by a corresponding increase in the impact resistance.
- FIG. 1 A chipping disc 10 is shown, which is used in a profiling chipper system, not shown, for producing plane-parallel surfaces on raw wood and / or wet wood.
- the woods are conveyed through the profiling machine and processed by two chipping disks 10 arranged opposite one another.
- the cutting discs 10 are each driven in rotation by a drive unit in the direction of rotation 11 about its axis of rotation 9.
- the wood comes into contact with the cutting discs 10
- the wood is cut to a defined geometry using so-called profiling knives.
- the residual wood is shredded into wood chips by so-called chip knives so that it can be used as a raw material in the paper industry.
- Shaving disk 10 shown has a conical inner side 12 facing the wood, on which a plurality of knives 1 are arranged over the entire circumference of the shaving disk 10.
- Each knife 1 is fastened to the chipping disk 10 by means of a screw 16.
- the knives 1 have a rear end 15 and a front end 14 with respect to the direction of rotation 11, a cutting edge 4 being formed on the front end 14 of the knife 1.
- the cutting disk 10 has a cutting opening 13 for each knife 1.
- the chip opening 13 is arranged in the direction of rotation 11 of the chip disk 10 directly in front of the knife 1. As a result, the chips that occur when cutting wood at the cutting edge 4 of the knife 1 are discharged through the chip opening 13.
- the chipping disk 10 has a conical section 17. Since, in operation, two chipping disks 10 are arranged opposite one another, they form a kind of funnel-shaped passage through which the wood is pushed during processing. When the wood comes into contact with the cutting discs 10, the wood is gradually cut over the funnel-shaped passage of the cutting discs 10 to a minimum width of the passage.
- the knives 1 mounted in the conical section of the chipping disk 10 are designed as chipping knives.
- the chipboard 10 also has a contact surface 18 on its inside 12, which additionally enables the assembly of a circular saw, not shown.
- a knife as well as the profiling chipper system are only examples of the use of a knife according to the invention.
- Fig. 3 is a first embodiment of such a knife 1, namely a chip knife 1 for the chip plate 10 according to the Figures 1 and 2 shown.
- the knife like that in the Figures 5 and 6 Exemplary embodiment shown, on the knife base body 2 two legs 19 and an internal thread 20 ( Fig. 4 ) on. Via the legs 19 and the internal thread 20, the knife 1 can be connected to a corresponding cutting system, in particular to the chipping disk 10 according to FIGS Figures 1 and 2 be positioned and attached. In a alternative embodiment, the knife can also be attached to a cutting system in other ways.
- a hole or an elongated hole can be formed on the knife 1 for attachment.
- a clamp fit of the knife for attachment to a cutting system is also possible.
- the knife 1 comprises a first cutting plate 3 with a cutting edge 4 and an optional additional cutting plate 3 'with an associated cutting edge 4'.
- the cutting plates 3, 3 ' are arranged on the front end 14 of the knife 1 and fastened on the knife base body 2 by means of a hard solder connection 5 using copper solder 6.
- the cutting plates 3, 3 ' contact each other, their cutting edges 4, 4' forming a cutting contour 22.
- the cutting contour 22 is angled.
- the cutting edges 4 and 4 ' enclose an angle ⁇ .
- the knife base body 2 has a thickening 23 at the front end 14 on one leg side on which the additional cutting plate 3' is arranged. The additional cutting plate 3 'is held on the thickening of the knife base body 2.
- FIG. 1 In connection with the Figures 1 to 4 a chipper 10 with associated chipper 1 was described.
- Profiling lines for processing raw wood and / or wet wood often also have so-called profiling units, which are connected downstream of the cutting discs 10 and which process the longitudinal edges of the surfaces generated by the cutting discs 10.
- knives 1 designed according to the invention are also used in such profiling units (not shown here), namely in the form of profiling knives.
- FIGs 5 and 6 is a second embodiment of an inventive Knife 1 shown, which is designed as such a profiling knife.
- the knife 1 comprises a knife base body 2 and a cutting plate 3 with a cutting edge 4.
- the cutting plate 3 is arranged at the front end 14 of the knife 1 with respect to the direction of rotation and is fastened to the knife base body 2 by means of a braze joint 5.
- An internal thread 20 is formed on the knife base body 2, by means of which the knife 1 is positioned in its longitudinal direction on a corresponding cutting system.
- the knife base body 2 has two legs 19, between which fastening screws pass through in the assembled state and fix the knife 1 in its set position.
- the cutting area of the knife 1 according to the Figures 5 and 6 represented schematically in a longitudinal section.
- the cutting plate 3 and the knife base body 2 delimit a soldering gap 8 for the braze joint 5.
- the soldering gap 8 has a width a, which corresponds to the distance between the knife base body 2 and the cutting plate 3.
- the maximum width a of the soldering gap 8 is at most 0.1 mm, preferably at most 0.07 mm.
- copper solder 6 which integrally connects the knife base body 2 with the cutting plate 3.
- the copper solder 6 is in contact with the knife base body 2 and the cutting plate 3 and forms the hard solder connection 5.
- the brazed joint 5 is designed as a high-temperature vacuum brazed joint. Accordingly, the soldering process for fastening the cutting plate 3 on the knife base body 2 is carried out with the exclusion of air in a vacuum.
- the knife 1 is gradually heated in a vacuum oven to a soaking temperature of less than 750 ° C. The temperature is then increased to a soldering temperature of greater than 750 ° C. to melt the copper solder 6.
- the copper solder 6 is distributed in the soldering gap 8 by capillary action, followed by a diffusion of the copper solder 6 into the surfaces of the Knife base body 2 and the cutting plate 3. After subsequent cooling of the knife 1, the brazed connection is completed.
- the mass fraction of copper solder 6 in copper is at least 99%.
- a copper alloy with a lower copper content in particular of at least 50%, preferably at least 80%, preferably at least 90%, and corresponding additives can also be useful as solder.
- the cutting plate 3 consists of a coated or uncoated hard metal.
- the cutting plate 3 can also consist of a cutting ceramic, of super-hard cutting materials or ultra-hard cutting materials. These include, for example, natural diamond, PCD (polycrystalline diamond), MKD (monocrystalline diamond), and CBN (polycrystalline cubic boron nitride) and CVD-D (chemical vapor deposition diamond).
- the basic knife body 2 consists of steel in the exemplary embodiment. The use of other materials, such as powder metal, may also be appropriate.
- a deformation of the base of the cutting plate 3 occurs in particular within the layer of the copper solder 6 by a deformation dimension b, the deformation dimension b representing a percentage of the width a of the soldering gap.
- the deformation of the base goes with a corresponding deformation of the Cutting plate 3 hand in hand, with corresponding bending deformations with compressive stresses D and tensile stresses Z occurring in the cutting plate 3.
- the hard insert 3 is particularly sensitive to the tensile stresses Z caused by bending. According to the invention, the bending deformations and thus the tensile stresses Z in the insert 3 have been reduced to a minimum. In particular from the enlarged detailed view Fig.
- the tooth feed corresponds to the feed of a knife 1 into the workpiece relative to the knife 1 preceding in the direction of rotation.
- the knives according to the invention are suitable for use with a tooth feed of 5 mm or more. However, it can also be useful to use the knife with a higher tooth feed of 8 mm or more and in particular of at least 10 mm or more.
- Fig. 9 shows a perspective view of a variant of the knife 1 according to the 5, 6 with a larger width in comparison.
- Two U-shaped receptacles for fastening screws are formed in the knife base body 2.
- further cutting plates 3 are provided here, which add up to a total of six pieces, for example. Depending on the application and geometric configuration, however, different total numbers of cutting plates 3 can also be expedient.
- the cutting tips 3 correspond in their geometric configuration and in their type of attachment of the cutting tip 3 according to the 5 to 8 . They are positioned next to one another without gaps such that their cutting edges 4 complement one another to form a continuous, rectilinear cutting contour 22. Functionally, a single, larger cutting edge is formed, which is composed of smaller individual cutting inserts.
- the exemplary embodiment is correct in the remaining features and reference numerals Fig. 9 with the previously described embodiments.
- Chipper machines are used to shred raw wood, green wood and / or wood waste and mainly produce wood chips for the paper industry.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
- Debarking, Splitting, And Disintegration Of Timber (AREA)
- Knives (AREA)
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung eines Messers (1) zur Verarbeitung von Nassholz und/oder Rohholz. Das Messer umfasst einen Messergrundkörper (2) und mindestens eine Schneidplatte (3) mit einer Schneidkante (4), wobei die Schneidplatte (3) von dem Messergrundkörper (2) getragen wird. Die Schneidplatte (3) ist mittels einer Hartlotverbindung (5) mit einem Kupferlot (6) an dem Messergrundkörper (2) befestigt.The invention relates to the use of a knife (1) for processing wet wood and / or raw wood. The knife comprises a knife base body (2) and at least one cutting plate (3) with a cutting edge (4), the cutting plate (3) being carried by the knife base body (2). The cutting plate (3) is fastened to the knife base body (2) by means of a hard solder connection (5) with a copper solder (6).
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung eines Messers der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Gattung zur Verarbeitung von Nassholz und/oder Rohholz.The invention relates to the use of a knife of the type specified in the preamble of
Bei Messern zur maschinellen Bearbeitung von Holz oder holzartigen Werkstoffen besteht allgemein ein ausgeprägtes Interesse an der Reduzierung bzw. der Vermeidung von Verschleiß und an der Maximierung der Standzeit. Dies versucht man in vielen Anwendungsbereichen durch Einsatz von Schneidplatten aus hochharten Werkstoffen zu erreichen. Solche hochharte Schneidplatten finden insbesondere bei der Feinbearbeitung von trockenem Holz, Faserplatten oder dergleichen Verbreitung, wobei die Schneidplatten dann in üblicher Weise auf einen Messergrundkörper aufgelötet sind. Die hierfür bekannten hochharten Werkstoffe gelten als sehr verschleißfest, aber auch als stoßempfindlich. Im genannten Anwendungsfall wird deshalb mit ausreichend niedrigen Zahnvorschüben gearbeitet, so dass die an den einzelnen Schneidplatten wirkenden Schlagbelastungen gering sind. Unter solchen Umständen können sehr hohe Schnittgeschwindigkeiten und dennoch hohe Standzeiten erzielt werden.In the case of knives for the machining of wood or wood-like materials, there is generally a pronounced interest in reducing or avoiding wear and in maximizing the service life. One tries to achieve this in many areas of application by using inserts made of highly hard materials. Such high-hard cutting inserts are used in particular in the fine machining of dry wood, fiberboard or the like, the cutting inserts then being soldered onto a basic knife body in the usual way. The very hard materials known for this are considered to be very wear-resistant, but also sensitive to impact. In the application mentioned, the tooth feeds are therefore sufficiently low so that the impact loads acting on the individual cutting inserts are low. In such circumstances, very high cutting speeds and long tool lives can be achieved.
Abweichende Bedingungen finden sich aber bei der Bearbeitung von Feucht- bzw. Rohholz. Beispielsweise in Sägewerken wird das aus der Forstwirtschaft angelieferte Rohholz in mehreren Prozessschritten aufgearbeitet. In großen Maschinenanlagen wird aus dem Rohholz Schnittholz hergestellt, wobei die Holzabfälle zu Hackschnitzeln weiterverarbeitet werden. Derartige Maschinenanlagen werden mit speziellen Messern, beispielsweise mit Profilier-, Spaner- und/oder Hackermessern bestückt. Aufgrund der sehr hohen Zahnvorschübe sind solche Messer neben hohem Verschleiß auch höchsten Schlagbelastungen ausgesetzt.Deviating conditions can be found when processing wet or raw wood. For example, in sawmills, the raw wood delivered from forestry is processed in several process steps. In large machinery, lumber is made from the raw wood, with the wood waste being processed into wood chips. Such machine systems are equipped with special knives, equipped with profiling, chip and / or chipper knives, for example. Because of the very high tooth feed rates, such knives are exposed to high impact loads as well as high wear.
Aus der
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Verarbeitung von Nassholz und/oder Rohholz mit erhöhter Standzeit durchführen zu können.The invention has for its object to be able to process wet wood and / or raw wood with increased service life.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Verwendung eines Messers mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by using a knife with the features of
Das erfindungsgemäße Messer umfasst einen Messergrundkörper und mindestens eine Schneidplatte mit einer Schneidkante. Die Schneidplatte wird von dem Messergrundkörper getragen und ist mittels einer Hartlotverbindung mit einem Kupferlot an dem Messergrundkörper befestigt. Das derart ausgestaltete Messer findet gemäß der Erfindung seine Verwendung zur Verarbeitung von Nassholz und/oder Rohholz.The knife according to the invention comprises a basic knife body and at least one cutting plate with a cutting edge. The cutting insert is carried by the knife base body and is fastened to the knife base body by means of a hard solder connection with a copper solder. The knife designed in this way is used according to the invention for processing wet wood and / or raw wood.
Die Erfindung basiert auf der Erkenntnis, dass entgegen des technischen Vorurteils der Fachwelt eine hochharte Schneidplatte durchaus signifikanten betriebsbedingten Stoßbelastungen ausgesetzt werden kann, sofern bestimmte Bedingungen erfüllt sind. Es wurde nämlich erkannt, dass nicht die Stoßbelastung als solche, sondern eine daraus resultierende Biegeverformung der Schneidplatte mit örtlichen Zonen der Zugbeanspruchung für ein vorzeitiges Versagen der Schneidplatte verantwortlich war. Greift nämlich das Messer in das Werkstück ein, wirkt auf die Schneidplatte und dort insbesondere auf die Schneidkante eine Schnittkraft. Diese Schnittkraft drückt die Schneidplatte gegen den Messergrundkörper. Dabei erfährt die Schneidplatte aufgrund elastischer Nachgiebigkeit seiner Abstützung eine Verformung, die zu Biegespannungen in der Schneidplatte führt.The invention is based on the knowledge that, contrary to the technical prejudice of the professional world, a highly hard insert can be exposed to significant operational shock loads if certain conditions are met. It was recognized that it was not the impact load as such, but a resulting bending deformation of the insert with local zones of tensile stress that was responsible for premature failure of the insert. If the knife engages in the workpiece, a cutting force acts on the cutting plate and there in particular on the cutting edge. This cutting force presses the insert against the knife body. The cutting insert experiences a deformation due to the elastic flexibility of its support, which leads to bending stresses in the cutting insert.
Bei herkömmlichen Hartlotverbindungen, bei denen eine nahezu vollflächige Lotverbindung von Grundkörper und Schneidplatte vorhanden ist, mit üblicherweise verwendetem Silberlot stellt sich zwischen Schneidplatte und Messergrundkörper im Rahmen der bekannten Fertigungsverfahren ein Lötspalt mit einer bestimmten Spaltdicke ein, wobei der Lötspalt mit dem Lotmaterial gefüllt ist. Das vergleichsweise weiche Lotmaterial erzeugt aufgrund seiner Nachgiebigkeit in Verbindung mit der Spaltdicke eine nachgiebige Bettung der Schneidplatte, die die zuvor beschriebene Biegeverformung der Schneidplatte zulässt. Die durch die Biegeverformung entstehenden Zugeigenspannungen addieren sich mit betriebsbedingten Biegebeanspruchungen und führen zum Bauteilversagen bzw. Schneidenbruch.In conventional hard solder connections, in which there is an almost full-surface solder connection of the base body and cutting insert, with the silver solder that is usually used, a solder gap with a certain gap thickness is established between the cutting plate and the knife base body within the scope of the known manufacturing processes, the solder gap being filled with the solder material. The comparatively soft solder material creates a resilient bedding of the cutting plate due to its flexibility in conjunction with the gap thickness, which allows the bending deformation of the cutting plate described above. The tensile residual stresses resulting from the bending deformation add up with operational bending stresses and lead to component failure or cutting edge breakage.
Bei Messern mit aufgeschweißten Schneidplatten beschränkt sich die Nachgiebigkeit der Bettung auf die Nachgiebigkeit der weniger weichen Schweißnaht, weshalb die betriebsbedingten Biegebeanspruchungen geringer sind. Jedoch ist zu berücksichtigen, dass aufgeschweißte Schneidplatten nicht vollflächig, sondern vielmehr rahmenartig an dem Messergrundkörper befestigt sind. So können Schneidkräfte bewirken, dass die Schneidplatte sich mittig vom Messergrundkörper abhebt und Biegebeanspruchungen an den Schweißnähten entstehen. Zudem weisen geschweißte Messer an den Fügestellen des Messergrundkörpers und der Schneidplatte infolge des Schweißprozesses hohe thermisch induzierte Zugeigenspannungen auf. Diese Zugeigenspannungen addieren sich mit den Biegespannungen sowie mit betriebsbedingten Biegebeanspruchungen und führen zum Bauteilversagen bzw. Schneidenbruch.In the case of knives with welded cutting inserts, the resilience of the bedding is limited to the resilience of the less soft weld seam, which is why the operational bending stresses are lower. However, it must be taken into account that welded-on cutting plates are not attached to the main body of the knife, but rather like a frame. For example, cutting forces can cause the insert to lift off the center of the knife body and create bending stresses at the weld seams. In addition, welded knives have high, thermally induced internal tensile stresses at the joints of the knife base body and the cutting plate as a result of the welding process. These residual tensile stresses add up with the bending stresses as well as with operational bending stresses and lead to component failure or cutting edge breakage.
Durch den erfindungsgemäßen Einsatz von Kupferlot werden obige Schwierigkeiten umgangen. Da die Hartlotverbindung mit Kupferlot gegenüber anderen Hartlotverbindungen insbesondere wegen ihrer vergleichsweise geringen Lötspaltdicke eine sehr geringe Nachgiebigkeit aufweist, wird die Schneidplatte durch das Kupferlot entgegen der Schnittkräfte deutlich weniger nachgiebig abgestützt. Durch die steifere Abstützung sind die aus der insbesondere schlagartig aufgebrachten Schnittkraft resultierenden Biegespannungen in der Schneidplatte reduziert.The above difficulties are avoided by the use of copper solder according to the invention. Since the braze joint with copper braze has a very low degree of flexibility compared to other braze joints, in particular because of its comparatively small solder gap thickness, the cutting insert is supported by the copper braze against the cutting forces with significantly less flexibility. Due to the stiffer support, the bending stresses in the cutting insert resulting from the particularly sudden application of the cutting force are reduced.
Darüber hinaus sind die Fügetemperaturunterschiede bei Hartlotverbindungen mit Kupferlot gegenüber den Fügetemperaturunterschieden aufgeschweißter Schneidplatten deutlich geringer. Durch die vergleichsweise geringen Temperaturveränderungen im Fügebereich wird die Ausbildung von verbleibenden Zugeigenspannungen im Wesentlichen vermieden. Beim Schweißen treten zudem lokal begrenzte Erwärmungen auf, die ebenfalls während des Abkühlprozesses zu Eigenspannungen im Werkstoff führen. Insgesamt ist erreicht, dass den besonderen Materialeigenschaften von hochharten Materialien in Schneidplatten deutlich besser Rechnung getragen wird: Diese Materialien sind sehr verschleißfest und weisen eine sehr hohe Druckbelastbarkeit auf, sind jedoch empfindlich gegen Zugbeanspruchung. Gemäß der Erfindung ist nun erreicht worden, dass die Biegebeanspruchungen in den Schneidplatten selbst bei hohen Schlagbelastungen in Grenzen gehalten werden, so dass mit erhöhtem Zahnvorschub und entsprechend einhergehender erhöhter Stoßbelastung gearbeitet werden kann.In addition, the differences in joining temperature for hard solder connections with copper solder are significantly smaller than the differences in joining temperature for welded inserts. Due to the comparatively small temperature changes in the joining area, the formation of residual tensile residual stresses is essentially avoided. In addition, locally limited heating occurs during welding, which also leads to internal stresses in the material during the cooling process. Overall, it has been achieved that the special material properties of high-hard materials in cutting inserts are taken into account significantly better: these materials are very wear-resistant and have a very high pressure resistance, but are sensitive to tensile stress. According to the invention it has now been achieved that the bending stresses in the cutting inserts are kept within limits, even with high impact loads, so that work can be carried out with increased tooth feed and a correspondingly increased shock load.
Jedenfalls ist hierdurch erst die Verwendung zur Verarbeitung von Nassholz und/oder Rohholz, insbesondere die Verwendung als Spanermesser, Profiliermesser oder Hackermesser möglich geworden, was gegenüber der Verwendung von herkömmlichen Messern zu erheblich höherer Standzeit führt. Rohholz ist das Holz von gefällten, entasteten und entwipfelten Bäumen, die keine weitere Bearbeitung erfahren haben. Nassholz ist feuchtes, nicht getrocknetes Holz. In der Holzverarbeitung wird Nassholz auch als Grünholz bezeichnet. Spanermesser, Profiliermesser und Hackermesser haben gemein, dass diese unter hohen Vorschubgeschwindigkeiten und großen Zahnvorschüben eingesetzt werden. Vorteilhaft beträgt der Zahnvorschub mindestens 5 mm, insbesondere mindestens 8 mm, vorzugsweise mindestens 10 mm. Hierbei treten zwar im Vergleich zur Trockenholzbearbeitung sehr hohe Stoßbelastungen auf. Diese können jedoch aufgrund der erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung ertragen werden, so dass insgesamt eine ausgeprägt wirtschaftliche Verwendung mit schnellem Arbeitsfortschritt und dennoch hoher Standzeit möglich geworden ist.In any case, this has only made it possible to use it for processing wet wood and / or raw wood, in particular the use as a chip knife, profiling knife or chopper knife, which leads to a considerably longer service life than the use of conventional knives. Raw wood is the wood from felled, delimbed and decapitated trees that have not undergone any further processing. Wet wood is damp, not dried wood. In wood processing, wet wood is also called green wood. Have spanish knives, profiling knives and chopper knives common that these are used at high feed speeds and large tooth feeds. The tooth feed is advantageously at least 5 mm, in particular at least 8 mm, preferably at least 10 mm. Compared to drywood processing, there are very high shock loads. However, these can be endured on the basis of the configuration according to the invention, so that overall a pronounced economical use with rapid work progress and nevertheless a long service life has become possible.
Die Hartlotverbindung zwischen der mindestens einen Schneidplatte und dem Messergrundkörper ist vorteilhaft eine Hochtemperatur-Vakuumlötverbindung. Beim Hochtemperatur-Vakuumlöten wird in einem Ofen unter Vakuum die Schneidplatte an den Messergrundkörper mit Kupferlot bei einer Temperatur von mindestens 750°C gelötet. Dabei erfolgt eine gleichmäßige und durchgreifende Wärmeeinbringung bis auf Löttemperatur in das gesamte Messer. Der Verzug des Messers sowie die thermisch induzierten Spannungen sind sehr gering. Zudem dient das Vakuum der Verhinderung von Oxidation, wodurch auf ein separates Flussmittel verzichtet werden kann.The hard solder connection between the at least one cutting plate and the knife base body is advantageously a high-temperature vacuum solder connection. With high-temperature vacuum soldering, the cutting plate is soldered to the knife base with copper solder at a temperature of at least 750 ° C in a furnace. In doing so, a uniform and thorough heat input up to the soldering temperature takes place in the entire knife. The warping of the knife and the thermally induced voltages are very low. In addition, the vacuum serves to prevent oxidation, which means that a separate flux is not required.
Es ist vorteilhaft vorgesehen, dass das Kupferlot einen Massenanteil an Kupfer von mindestens 99% aufweist. Vorzugsweise ist das Kupferlot reines Kupfer. Kupferlot mit einem hohen Massenanteil an Kupfer besitzt eine besonders gute Bearbeitbarkeit.It is advantageously provided that the copper solder has a mass fraction of copper of at least 99%. The copper solder is preferably pure copper. Copper solder with a high mass fraction of copper has a particularly good machinability.
Die mindestens eine Schneidplatte ist vorzugsweise aus einem Material der Gruppe der Stoffe umfassend unbeschichtetes Hartmetall, beschichtetes Hartmetall, Schneidkeramik, superharte Schneidstoffe, Naturdiamant, PKD, MKD, CVD-D, CBN gebildet. Dadurch weist die Schneidplatte eine hohe Härte auf und ist gegenüber abrasivem Verschleiß besonderes widerstandsfähig.The at least one cutting plate is preferably formed from a material from the group of substances comprising uncoated hard metal, coated hard metal, cutting ceramic, super hard cutting materials, natural diamond, PCD, MKD, CVD-D, CBN. As a result, the insert has a high hardness and is particularly resistant to abrasive wear.
Vorteilhaft umfasst das Messer mindestens eine zusätzliche Schneidplatte. Auch die mindestens eine zusätzliche Schneidplatte ist mittels der erfindungsgemäßen Hartlotverbindung mit dem Kupferlot an dem Messergrundkörper befestigt. Die von den Schneidkanten der Schneidplatten gebildete Schneidkontur ist in einer bevorzugten Variante gewinkelt. Durch die Anordnung mehrerer Schneidplatten zueinander wird die Gestaltung einer komplexen Schneidkante oder einer langen Schneidkante ermöglicht. Die Geometrie derartiger Schneidkanten können verschieden ausgelegt werden, um beispielsweise Schnittkräfte zu reduzieren oder die Werkstückoberfläche oder auch die Spangeometrie gezielt zu gestalten. In einer vorteilhaften Alternative bilden die Schneidkanten der Schneidplatten gemeinsam eine durchgehende, geradlinige Schneidkontur. Bei der Ausbildung von langen, insbesondere geradlinigen Schneidkanten durch mehrere Schneidelemente wird den verschiedenen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten von Schneidelementen und Messergrundkörper Rechnung getragen. Durch die Verwendung mehrerer und deshalb kleinerer Schneiden kann die thermisch induzierte Eigenspannung innerhalb der einzelnen Schneiden reduziert werden.The knife advantageously comprises at least one additional cutting plate. The at least one additional cutting insert is also fastened to the basic knife body by means of the braze joint according to the invention with the copper solder. The one from the In a preferred variant, cutting edges of the cutting contour formed are angled. The arrangement of several cutting plates in relation to one another enables the design of a complex cutting edge or a long cutting edge. The geometry of such cutting edges can be designed differently, for example to reduce cutting forces or to design the workpiece surface or the chip geometry in a targeted manner. In an advantageous alternative, the cutting edges of the cutting plates together form a continuous, straight-line cutting contour. When long, in particular rectilinear cutting edges are formed by a plurality of cutting elements, the different expansion coefficients of cutting elements and knife base body are taken into account. By using several and therefore smaller cutting edges, the thermally induced residual stress within the individual cutting edges can be reduced.
Die mindestens eine Schneidplatte und der Messergrundkörper begrenzen einen Lötspalt, dessen Breite vorteilhaft kleiner als 0,1 mm, vorzugsweise kleiner als 0,08 mm ist. Da die Steifigkeit des Messergrundkörpers höher ist als die Steifigkeit des Kupferlotes, reduziert sich mit geringerer Breite des Lötspaltes auch die Verschiebung der Schneidplatte während des Schneidvorganges. Dadurch wird die Biegebeanspruchung auf ein Minimum reduziert, was mit einer korrespondierenden Erhöhung der Schlagbeanspruchbarkeit einhergeht.The at least one cutting plate and the basic knife body delimit a soldering gap, the width of which is advantageously less than 0.1 mm, preferably less than 0.08 mm. Since the stiffness of the knife body is higher than the stiffness of the copper solder, the smaller the width of the soldering gap, the less the displacement of the insert during the cutting process. As a result, the bending stress is reduced to a minimum, which is accompanied by a corresponding increase in the impact resistance.
Weitere Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den weiteren Ansprüchen, der Beschreibung und der Zeichnung, in der nachfolgend im Einzelnen beschriebene Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung dargestellt sind. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- in einer Vorderansicht eine Spanerscheibe mit montierten Messern,
- Fig. 2
- in einer Schnittdarstellung die Spanerscheibe nach
Fig. 1 entlang der mit den Pfeilen II-II inFig. 1 angegebenen Schnittebene, - Fig. 3
- in einer perspektivischen Darstellung ein Spanermesser,
- Fig. 4
- in einer Vorderansicht das Spanermesser nach
Fig. 3 , - Fig. 5
- in einer Seitenansicht ein Profiliermesser mit Schneidplatte,
- Fig. 6
- in einer Ansicht von unten das Profiliermesser nach
Fig. 5 , - Fig. 7
- in einer schematischen ausschnittsweisen Darstellung das Messer mit Schneid-platte nach
Fig. 5 , - Fig. 8
- in einer schematischen ausschnittsweisen Darstellung den Lötspalt des Messers nach
Fig. 5 , und - Fig. 9
- in einer perspektivischen Darstellung eine Variante des Messers nach den
Fig. 5, 6 mit breiterer und in einzelne Teilstücke aufgeteilter Schneidplatte.
- Fig. 1
- in a front view a Spanersplatte with mounted knives,
- Fig. 2
- in a sectional view of the chipboard
Fig. 1 along the arrows II-II inFig. 1 specified cutting plane, - Fig. 3
- in a perspective view a spanish knife,
- Fig. 4
- the Span knife in a front view
Fig. 3 , - Fig. 5
- in a side view a profiling knife with cutting plate,
- Fig. 6
- the profiling knife in a view from below
Fig. 5 , - Fig. 7
- in a schematic detail representation of the knife with cutting plate after
Fig. 5 , - Fig. 8
- the soldering gap of the knife in a schematic partial representation
Fig. 5 , and - Fig. 9
- a perspective view of a variant of the knife according to the
5, 6 with a wider insert that is divided into individual sections.
In der
Die in
Wie in
Die Spanerscheibe 10 wie auch die Profilierspaneranlage sind lediglich Beispiele für den Einsatz eines erfindungsgemäßen Messers. In
Wie in
Im Zusammenhang mit den
In den
In allen gezeigten Ausführungsbeispielen ist die Hartlötverbindung 5 als eine Hochtemperatur-Vakuumlötverbindung ausgebildet. Demnach erfolgt der Lötvorgang zur Befestigung der Schneidplatte 3 auf dem Messergrundkörper 2 unter Luftabschluss in einem Vakuum. Dabei wird das Messer 1 in einem Ofen unter Vakuum stufenweise auf eine Durchwärmtemperatur von weniger als 750°C geheizt. Anschließend wird zum Schmelzen des Kupferlotes 6 die Temperatur auf eine Löttemperatur von größer als 750°C erhöht. Die Verteilung des Kupferlotes 6 im Lötspalt 8 erfolgt durch Kapillarwirkung, gefolgt von einer Diffusion des Kupferlotes 6 in die Oberflächen des Messergrundkörpers 2 und der Schneidplatte 3. Nach anschließender Abkühlung des Messers 1 ist die Hartlötverbindung fertiggestellt.In all of the exemplary embodiments shown, the brazed joint 5 is designed as a high-temperature vacuum brazed joint. Accordingly, the soldering process for fastening the
Der Massenanteil des Kupferlotes 6 an Kupfer beträgt mindestens 99%. In einer alternativen Ausführung kann aber auch eine Kupferlegierung mit einem geringeren Kupferanteil, insbesondere von mindestens 50%, bevorzugt mindestens 80%, vorzugsweise mindestens 90%, und entsprechenden Zuschlagsstoffen als Lot zweckmäßig sein. Die Schneidplatte 3 besteht aus einem beschichteten oder unbeschichteten Hartmetall. Für eine noch höhere Verschleißfestigkeit kann die Schneidplatte 3 aber auch aus einer Schneidkeramik, aus superharten Schneidstoffen oder ultraharten Schneidstoffen bestehen. Hierzu zählen beispielsweise Naturdiamant, PKD (Polykristalliner Diamant), MKD (Monokristalliner Diamant), und CBN (Polykristallines kubisches Bornitrid) und CVD-D (chemical vapour deposition Diamant). Der Messergrundkörper 2 besteht im Ausführungsbeispiel aus Stahl. Der Einsatz anderer Werkstoffe, wie beispielsweise Pulvermetall, kann ebenfalls zweckmäßig sein.The mass fraction of
Unter weiterem Bezug auf die
Das vorstehend zu den Profilier- und Spanermessern Beschriebene gilt natürlich sinngemäß gleich auch für andere Messer 1 beispielsweise zur Verwendung als Hackermesser oder dergleichen überall da, wo hohe Schlaglasten im Betrieb zu erwarten sind. Die genannten Hackermesser werden an Hackermaschinen eingesetzt. Derartige Hackermaschinen dienen der Zerkleinerung von Rohholz, Grünholz und/oder Holzabfällen und stellen vorwiegend Hackschnitzel für die Papierindustrie her.What has been described above with regard to the profiling and cutting knives naturally also applies analogously to
Claims (10)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schneidplatte (3) mittels einer Hartlotverbindung (5) mit einem Kupferlot (6) an dem Messergrundkörper (2) befestigt ist.Use of a knife (1) for processing wet wood and / or raw wood, the knife comprising a basic knife body (2) and at least one cutting plate (3) with a cutting edge (4), the cutting plate (3) being removed from the basic knife body (2) will be carried,
characterized in that the cutting plate (3) is fastened to the knife base body (2) by means of a hard solder connection (5) with a copper solder (6).
als Spanermesser oder Profiliermesser.Use of a knife according to claim 1
as a chip knife or profiling knife.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Zahnvorschub mindestens 5 mm beträgt.Use of a knife according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that the tooth feed is at least 5 mm.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hartlotverbindung (5) zwischen der mindestens einen Schneidplatte (3) und dem Messergrundkörper (2) eine Hochtemperatur-Vakuumlötverbindung ist.Use of a knife according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that the braze joint (5) between the at least one cutting plate (3) and the knife base body (2) is a high-temperature vacuum solder joint.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kupferlot (6) einen Massenanteil an Kupfer von mindestens 99% aufweist.Use of a knife according to one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized in that the copper solder (6) has a mass fraction of copper of at least 99%.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mindestens eine Schneidplatte (3) aus der Gruppe der Stoffe unbeschichtetes Hartmetall, beschichtetes Hartmetall, Schneidkeramik, superharte Schneidstoffe, Naturdiamant, PKD, MKD, CVD-D, CBN besteht.Use of a knife according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized in that the at least one cutting insert (3) consists of the group of uncoated hard metal, coated hard metal, cutting ceramic, super hard cutting materials, natural diamond, PCD, MKD, CVD-D, CBN.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Messer (1) mindestens eine zusätzliche Schneidplatte (3, 3') umfasst, wobei die mindestens eine zusätzliche Schneidplatte (3, 3') mittels der Hartlotverbindung (5) mit dem Kupferlot (6) an dem Messergrundkörper (2) befestigt ist.Use of a knife according to one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized in that the knife (1) comprises at least one additional cutting plate (3, 3 '), the at least one additional cutting plate (3, 3') by means of the hard solder connection (5) to the copper solder (6) on the knife base body (2 ) is attached.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schneidkanten (4, 4') der Schneidplatten (3, 3') eine gewinkelte Schneidkontur (22) bilden.Use of a knife according to claim 7,
characterized in that the cutting edges (4, 4 ') of the cutting plates (3, 3') form an angled cutting contour (22).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schneidkanten (4) der Schneidplatten (3) gemeinsam eine durchgehende, geradlinige Schneidkontur (22) bilden.Use of a knife according to claim 7,
characterized in that the cutting edges (4) of the cutting plates (3) together form a continuous, rectilinear cutting contour (22).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mindestens eine Schneidplatte (3) und der Messergrundkörper (2) einen Lötspalt (8) begrenzen, dessen Breite (a) kleiner ist als 0,1 mm.Use of a knife according to one of claims 1 to 9,
characterized in that the at least one cutting plate (3) and the knife base body (2) delimit a soldering gap (8) whose width (a) is less than 0.1 mm.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP18202652.6A EP3643467B1 (en) | 2018-10-25 | 2018-10-25 | Use of a blade as machining blade, profiling blade or mincer blade |
CA3058060A CA3058060A1 (en) | 2018-10-25 | 2019-10-09 | Using a knife as a chipper knife, profiling knife or hacker knife |
RU2019133185A RU2808521C2 (en) | 2018-10-25 | 2019-10-18 | Using knife as shaving knife, profiling knife or chipping knife |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP18202652.6A EP3643467B1 (en) | 2018-10-25 | 2018-10-25 | Use of a blade as machining blade, profiling blade or mincer blade |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3643467A1 true EP3643467A1 (en) | 2020-04-29 |
EP3643467C0 EP3643467C0 (en) | 2023-06-07 |
EP3643467B1 EP3643467B1 (en) | 2023-06-07 |
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Family Applications (1)
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EP18202652.6A Active EP3643467B1 (en) | 2018-10-25 | 2018-10-25 | Use of a blade as machining blade, profiling blade or mincer blade |
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EP (1) | EP3643467B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA3058060A1 (en) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1724727U (en) | 1956-01-13 | 1956-06-21 | Greb & Co | CHOPPING KNIFE. |
US4200159A (en) * | 1977-04-30 | 1980-04-29 | Christensen, Inc. | Cutter head, drill bit and similar drilling tools |
US20100187020A1 (en) * | 2009-01-29 | 2010-07-29 | Smith International, Inc. | Brazing methods for pdc cutters |
US20120090900A1 (en) * | 2010-10-15 | 2012-04-19 | Smith International, Inc. | Special curve braze sheet for top loading cutter to get better braze strength |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH232681A (en) * | 1941-07-11 | 1944-06-15 | Fides Gmbh | Process for the production of essentially ring-shaped bodies with an outer part made of hard or hardenable metals. |
US2431581A (en) * | 1944-09-27 | 1947-11-25 | Robert G Owen | Milling machine cutter |
GB694292A (en) * | 1952-04-16 | 1953-07-15 | Charles Benjamin Hoole | Improvements in or relating to milling cutters and like tools |
US2972287A (en) * | 1957-04-24 | 1961-02-21 | Walter G See | Milling of metals subject to galling |
US8678719B2 (en) * | 2007-09-06 | 2014-03-25 | Jtekt Corporation | Cutting tip, method of forming cutting tip, and method of manufacturing cutting tip |
EP2593255B1 (en) * | 2010-07-13 | 2016-10-12 | Element Six Limited | Method for making a construction for an indexable cutting insert |
DE102013111596A1 (en) * | 2013-10-21 | 2015-06-03 | Walter Ag | End mill for heat-resistant superalloys |
CN106583803A (en) * | 2015-10-14 | 2017-04-26 | 天钻科技股份有限公司 | Diamond coating cutter and manufacturing method thereof |
-
2018
- 2018-10-25 EP EP18202652.6A patent/EP3643467B1/en active Active
-
2019
- 2019-10-09 CA CA3058060A patent/CA3058060A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1724727U (en) | 1956-01-13 | 1956-06-21 | Greb & Co | CHOPPING KNIFE. |
US4200159A (en) * | 1977-04-30 | 1980-04-29 | Christensen, Inc. | Cutter head, drill bit and similar drilling tools |
US20100187020A1 (en) * | 2009-01-29 | 2010-07-29 | Smith International, Inc. | Brazing methods for pdc cutters |
US20120090900A1 (en) * | 2010-10-15 | 2012-04-19 | Smith International, Inc. | Special curve braze sheet for top loading cutter to get better braze strength |
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CA3058060A1 (en) | 2020-04-25 |
EP3643467C0 (en) | 2023-06-07 |
RU2019133185A (en) | 2021-04-19 |
EP3643467B1 (en) | 2023-06-07 |
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