DE20313038U1 - Knife, for machine used for cutting meat or other food, has hub with dovetail edge carrying rim with sharpened teeth, soldered, welded or glued to edge of hub - Google Patents

Abstract

The knife is circular. It has a circular hub (1) with projections (5) on its edge, extending into a groove or cutout (8) in the inside surface of the rim (2). The joint (4) between the hub and the rim is soldered, welded or glued. The outer edge of the rim is sharpened to a knife edge which may have notches in it.

Description

BE Maschinenmesser GmbH & Co. KG Industrial area - Am Winkel 4 15528 Spreenhagen

Knives for cutting machines

The invention relates to a knife for cutting machines which are designed with rotating knife holder systems in which flat knives, disc knives or cutter knives are accommodated, in particular for use in food cutting machines, for example for cutting and mincing meat or finished foods.

It is generally known that both circular and cut-out disc knives and sickle-shaped knives are used to cut such products, which are mounted in different ways depending on the application and are

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the rotating knife holder systems. The storage of disc knives can be carried out on one side or on both sides, in most cases such a disc knife is fixedly mounted on a driven knife shaft and rotates on it.

In contrast, for the fine grinding of meat, for example, cutter knives have become established. These are sickle-shaped and are also mounted on one or both sides of a driven knife shaft and rotate with it.

When these knives are used in operation, they are subjected to extremely high loads due to impact, bending and twisting, so that corrosion-resistant materials are used for knives designed in this way, which are designed with a particularly hard structure and particularly tough in order to increase the service life until regrinding and between subsequent grindings. The cutting edges are very delicate and therefore susceptible to stress.

For example, DE 94 21 309 Ul proposed a cutter knife whose base body is made of corrosion-resistant steel and whose base body is provided with a plate made of powder-metallurgical steel in the particularly stressed cutting area on which the knife edge is formed.

It is further stated that the plate made of powder metallurgical steel is welded, glued or brazed onto the base body.

A cutter knife designed in this way certainly increases the service life in industrial use compared to the known cutter knives. However, the disadvantage is that the connection between the plate and the base body means that the shock loads acting on the cutting edge of the cutter knife are transferred directly to the base body, which leads to deformation and ultimately to the breakage of the knife.

In order to increase the surface stability of such knives, which have a very high degree of slenderness due to their geometric design, it was already proposed in DE 198 23 413 C2 that the rotating knives, as symmetrical

or asymmetrical disc knives are to be designed with surface stabilizers which are provided directly in the cutting area of the individual knives as well as over the surface of the knife base bodies and on the sides facing away from the cutting edges.
The surface stabilizers are composite material elements that are firmly and permanently connected to the base material of the knife and are arranged directly on the surface of the knife as well as in corresponding recesses in the base body of the knife.

Knives equipped in this way are suitable for increasing the strength-mechanical properties, while at the same time ensuring high-quality shredding or cutting processes.

Reference is also made to DE 198 23 412 A1, which discloses a knife for cutting machines, in particular a cutter knife, which is designed with contour stabilizers outside its cutting areas and whose cutting area is designed as a composite material.

The contour stabilizers are arranged in the most stressed areas of the cutter knife and are intended to compensate for the pressure, compression and tensile forces introduced by the cutting work, which act on the contour of a cutter knife opposite the respective cutting edge.

This solution certainly increases the cutting performance and also the service life of the cutter knives used, but cutter knives designed in this way, such as the disc knives already described, have the disadvantage that both the surface or contour stabilizers and the design of the cutting area are firmly connected to the respective base body, so that the loads acting on the cutting edges are directly transferred to the base body and lead to destruction there.

The innovation is therefore based on the task of creating a knife for cutting machines which can be used in rotating knife holder systems of cutting machines, in particular in food cutting machines, whose service life is increased and thus the disadvantages of the state of the art are largely eliminated.

According to the invention, this object is achieved with the features of claim 1.
Advantageous solutions can be found in the subclaims.

Taking into account the knowledge that knives of the type mentioned are designed with knife edges, which are highly sensitive, delicately designed cutting wedges that have to penetrate raw materials with a sharpness and at high speeds, whereby the respective cutting edge of the knife is subject to cold hardening, embrittlement, and material notches and material breakages are the result of such high loads, as well as the fact that the notches are also transferred to the stressed areas of the knife body and largely overlap with the loads resulting from the prevailing large tensile forces, compression and vibrations, thus increasing the risk of fatigue fracture and susceptibility to cracking across the entire knife body, a knife for cutting machines was created which is largely formed by a material composite in such a way that the knife base body and the respective cutting body of the knife are made of different materials - forming two completely independent bodies - and the cutting body on which the cutting edge of the respective knife is formed and provided is connected to the base body in a force-fitting and form-fitting manner. and the joint between the cutting body and the base body of the knife is designed and constructed in such a way that the cutting body absorbs the permissible notch effects virtually externally from the base body, keeps them as far away from the base body of the knife as possible and is designed in such a way that a permanent effective connection between the two parts is nevertheless ensured.

It is also inventive that the cutting body, when the knife is designed as a rotating disk knife, is provided on the outer circumference of the knife base body and when it is designed as a sickle-shaped knife, such as a cutter knife, the respective cutting body is arranged on the outer contour of the knife base body.

It is also inventive that the outer circumference or the outer contour of the respective knife base body is designed with certain profiles and the associated cutting body has the counter shapes so that the two parts to be joined can be connected in a form-fitting manner. The cutting body and the knife base body are connected in a force-fitting manner between the parts to be joined, the joints, using suitable joining techniques. The joining method is selected in such a way that no cracks can be transmitted from the cutting body to the knife base body, so that these loads are compressed as far as possible by the formation of the joint. This means that the joint between the cutting body and the knife base body is designed as a stress-distributing joint, so that the notch effects acting from the cutting body on the knife base body impinge on the joining agent and the joining agent acts as a counterforce and does not allow any point-like force on the base body, thus achieving the greatest possible stress compensation, whereby the respective knife base body is not stressed by the notch effects acting on the cutting body.

It is also part of the invention that the profilings in the cutting bodies or on the knife base bodies are designed as circumferential projections, which are provided on both the left and right sides or also in the middle on the outer circumference or on the outer contour of the respective knife base body.

In addition to the particularly design-oriented formation of the outer contours of the knife base bodies and the inner contours of the cutting bodies, these can also be designed with smooth surfaces, which is always useful when cutting or shredding processes are to be carried out in which the cutting tools, in this case the disk knives or cutter knives, are only exposed to or have to absorb low loads.

The preferred force-fitting joints are adhesive bonding, welding or soldering processes with soft force-distributing filler materials as well as riveted joints.

The knife base bodies can be designed in different ways. It is within the scope of the invention that these knife base bodies are designed as a solid body or as a hollow body or consist of two partial bodies with a cutting edge provided between them, or also as a body in laminated form, i.e. from individual layers to be joined, which consist of the same or different types of material.

Finally, it is also within the scope of the invention that the cutting bodies are made of different materials. Materials made of ceramic, non-ferrous metals and steel in all shapes and material properties are used.

The cutting bodies can be made entirely from the materials mentioned or in such a way that the cutting bodies are formed from a base body of lower strength, to which the material that is to be used as the cutting material is then assigned or applied.

Knives manufactured according to the invention have a significant advantage over known knives in that the knives are made entirely from material components, since the regularities between the initial crack in the cutting body and the fracture in the knife base body or in the entire knife body are interrupted by multi-component materials processing the force influences, which is ensured and implemented by the special design and construction of the joints between the cutting bodies and knife base bodies. This eliminates the risk of fatigue fracture, cracking or other breakage associated with the initial crack. The fastening and design of the joint between the cutting bodies and the knife base bodies helps to ensure that the notch effect of the cutting edge of the cutting body cannot create a notch effect in the knife base body. This means that the knives manufactured according to the innovation have a longer service life and are more widely available.

The invention will be explained in more detail with the following embodiment.

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The accompanying drawing shows in

Figure 1: a knife, designed as a disc knife, in a partial sectional view

and side view,

Figure 1.1: Stress-reducing basic body shapes of knife bodies/tool bodies as well as the stress-force distribution through the joining agent,

Figure 2: a knife, here a cutter knife, in a partial sectional view and

side view,

Figure 3: an embodiment of the formation of the joint between the cutting body and the knife base body,

Figure 4: another embodiment of the joint between cutting body and

Knife body,

Figure 5: some variants of a cutting body with coating/

Assembly.

Figure 1 shows a knife according to the innovation, here in the form of a disk knife, which consists of the knife base body 1 and the cutting body 2, which are connected to one another in a form-fitting and force-fitting manner in the area of the joint 4. This means that the knife base body 1 and also the cutting body 2 with its cutting edge 3 are two separately manufactured components that are connected to one another via the joint 4.

The positive connection between the knife base body 1 and the cutting body 2 is formed in all embodiments of the knife by the special geometric design and construction of the respective knife base body 1 and the associated cutting body 2. In the knife shown in Figure 1, this is done via a

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outer circumference of the knife base body 1 circumferential centrally arranged projection 5, which engages in a corresponding circumferential groove 8 of the cutting body 2.
The force-fitting connection between these two parts is achieved by introducing certain connecting materials into the joint 4, thus ensuring that there is an intimate connection between the cutting body 2 and the knife base body 1, this under the special fact that notch effects occurring on the cutting body 2 are not transferred to the knife base body 1, but are largely compensated for by the special design of the joint 4.

This is achieved on the one hand by the special design of the shapes of the knife base body 1 and the cutting body 2 and by the design of the joint 4 between these two components and the joining agent used in this joint 4.

Figure 1.1 shows in a schematic representation the design forms of the knife base body 1 as well as the associated cutting bodies 2 and the resulting shape of the joint 4.

Figure 1.1 also provides a stress-force distribution diagram in the broadest sense, which illustrates how the forces and stresses that occur are compensated for by the stress-distributing joining agent used in the joint 4. The notches shown are intended to illustrate that when operating each knife with an associated cutting body, the cutting edge 3 receives notches as a result of the high and sometimes also shock loads, which spread as the finest stress cracks in the base cutting body 2 and the absorbed forces/stresses are redirected in the cutting body and hit the stress-distributing joining agent used in the joint 4. In contrast, there are the counterforces from the knife base body/tool base body, which counteracts the stresses introduced from the joint 4 into the water base body 1 or does not allow them to act on the knife base body 1 at all, which is achieved by compensating the stresses and forces and distributing them through the joining agent.

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The innovative solution is not only applicable to slicing knives, but generally to knife shapes such as those commonly used in food cutting machines.

Thus, the illustration in Figure 2 shows a cutter knife designed according to the innovation, which also consists of a knife base body 1 and an associated cutting body 2 with the cutting edge 3, which are positively and force-lockingly connected to one another in the area of the joint 4.

In this design of the cutter knife, the cutting body 2 extends as far as possible from the tip of the knife base body 1 to the tapering lower area, so that only the area of the knife base body 1 is equipped with a cutting body 2, which is also directly involved in the shredding/cutting process.
As the illustration in Figure 2 shows, the force-locking connection is achieved by the design of the joint 4 and the form-locking connection between the knife base body 1 and the cutting body 2, analogous to Figure 1, via a central projection 5, which is provided on the knife base body 1 of the cutter knife and engages in the groove 8 of the cutting body 2 of the cutter knife.

In addition to the already described form-fitting possibilities of the knife base body 1 to the respective cutting body 2, the form-fitting connection between these two parts can also be achieved by, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the knife base body 1 being designed with a lateral projection 6 - on the left or right side - and the counterpart, the cutting body 2, having a recess 9.

By forming the lateral projection 6 and the recess 9, the shape of the joint 4 is formed, which, analogous to the embodiment according to Figure 1, creates the force-fitting connection between the cutting body 2 and the knife base body 1.
It is also possible, as shown in Figure 4, to form the two parts to be joined, the knife base body 1 and the cutting body 2, with cylindrical bores, so that a flat and circumferential gap 7 is created between these two parts, which represents the joint 4 of this knife.

The illustrations according to Figure 5 show cutting bodies 2 which are provided with a special coating 10. These design variants justify the possibility that the respective cutting body 2 can also be made from a composite material, which is economically expressed in the manufacturing costs of a knife designed in this way, without the dynamic load-bearing capacity of the cutting body 2 and the knife base body 1 being impaired.

Thus, the coating 10 can preferably consist of a powder metallurgical coating, which is applied in a known manner to the cutting area of the respective cutting body 2.

It is also possible to form the coating 10 as a coating body of an assembly, which is then connected to the respective cutting body 2.

Claims (11)

1. Knife for cutting machines, in particular for use in food cutting machines in the form of flat, disc and cutter knives, for finely chopping meat and for cutting sausage products or other foodstuffs, characterized in that the knife consists of a knife base body ( 1 ) and an associated cutting body ( 2 ) with formed cutting edges ( 3 ) which are connected in a force-locking and form-locking manner via a joint ( 4 ) provided between the knife base body ( 1 ) and the cutting body ( 2 ), the outer circumference of the knife base body ( 1 ) and the inner wall of the cutting body ( 2 ) being designed with profiles which produce the form-locking of the parts to be connected. 2. Knife according to claim 1, characterized in that the joint ( 4 ) between the knife base body ( 1 ) and the cutting body ( 2 ) is designed as a connection which interrupts cracks and notch effects, thus as a type of joint which absorbs notch effects and keeps them away from the knife base body ( 1 ) and as a stress-distributing joint connection. 3. Knife according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the knife base body ( 1 ) and the cutting body ( 2 ) are made of different materials. 4. Knife according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the profiles of the knife base body ( 1 ) are designed as circumferential projections ( 5 ; 6 ) and of the cutting body ( 2 ) as circumferential grooves ( 8 ) and recesses ( 9 ) as well as as flat inner and outer surfaces, forming a cylindrical joint ( 4 ). 5. Knife according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the projection ( 5 ) is arranged centrally on the outer circumference and the projection ( 6 ) is arranged on the left or right side of the knife base body ( 1 ) and the profiling of the cutting body ( 2 ), the groove ( 8 ) is arranged centrally and the recess ( 9 ) is arranged on the left or right side of the cutting body ( 2 ). 6. Knife according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the force-fitting connection of the joint ( 4 ) is formed by adhesive bonding, welding and soldering processes or also by mechanical connection types. 7. Knife according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the knife base body ( 1 ) is designed as a solid or hollow body or as a laminated body consisting of individual material layers. 8. Knife according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the cutting body ( 2 ) is designed as a solid body. 9. Knife according to one of claims 1 to 6 and 8, characterized in that the cutting area of the cutting body ( 2 ), in which the respective cutting edge ( 3 ) is formed, is formed with a special cutting material which is applied to the cutting body ( 2 ) by different procedures. 10. Knife according to claim 1 and 7, characterized in that the knife base body ( 1 ) is formed from two partial body halves with a cutting body ( 2 ) provided between them. 11. Knife according to claim 9, characterized in that ceramics, non-ferrous metals or steel in different material compositions are used as cutting materials, which are connected to the cutting body ( 2 ) by thermal or mechanical connections.