EP3638581B1 - Group or system for the quick emersion of a submersible or a submarine - Google Patents

Group or system for the quick emersion of a submersible or a submarine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3638581B1
EP3638581B1 EP18737986.2A EP18737986A EP3638581B1 EP 3638581 B1 EP3638581 B1 EP 3638581B1 EP 18737986 A EP18737986 A EP 18737986A EP 3638581 B1 EP3638581 B1 EP 3638581B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluid
group
combustion chamber
group according
oxidant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP18737986.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3638581A1 (en
Inventor
Francesco BARATO
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Technology for Propulsion and Innovation SpA
Original Assignee
Technology for Propulsion and Innovation SpA
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Publication of EP3638581A1 publication Critical patent/EP3638581A1/en
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Publication of EP3638581B1 publication Critical patent/EP3638581B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
    • B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
    • B63G8/14—Control of attitude or depth
    • B63G8/24—Automatic depth adjustment; Safety equipment for increasing buoyancy, e.g. detachable ballast, floating bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
    • B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
    • B63G8/14—Control of attitude or depth
    • B63G8/22—Adjustment of buoyancy by water ballasting; Emptying equipment for ballast tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
    • B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
    • B63G8/40—Rescue equipment for personnel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a group or system for the quick emersion of submersibles or submarines in emergency conditions and/or for controlling the travel or advancement of submersibles or submarines.
  • EBD The systems for the quick emersion of submarines in emergency conditions, hereinafter also EBD, are units commonly used in submarines to allow the surfacing when the boat is in emergency conditions with potential danger to life for the personnel.
  • the first EBD systems were based on compressed gases and were relatively simple to operate and recharge, but they had major penalties in terms of volumes and weights, especially at great depths.
  • hot gas generation systems have been used for the emergency emptying of containment tanks such to allow a quick emersion even in conditions of deep immersion. They represent an important alternative to systems based on compressed air for the limited volumetric encumbrance that they can achieve, thanks to a greater specific work, a greater mass flow and a greater density of the propellant in the hold tanks.
  • INGA Intelligent Gas Generator
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a new group or system for the quick emersion of submersibles or submarines.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a group as above mentioned which is very versatile.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a group as indicated above that can be activated and deactivated as desired.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a group or system for the quick emersion of submersibles or submarines which has development, management and recharge costs which are lower than the systems previously proposed.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a group or system for the quick emersion of submersibles or submarines that is safer than current solutions.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a group or system to assist the manoeuvring wheels when these are not satisfactory.
  • downstream is related to the travel direction of the fluids in the group, with reference, for example, to a first and a second component
  • the expression “the first component is downstream of the second component” indicates that the first component of the group is placed after the second component and, therefore, processes a respective fluid or a fluid after treatment in the second component.
  • the present invention relates to a gas generator or group or system 1 for the quick emersion of submersibles or submarines S and/or for controlling the travel or advancement of submersibles or submarines S, which group or system 1 generates a gas that changes the hydrostatic balance by pushing the vehicle (submersible or submarine) upwards or by tilting and diverting the vehicle.
  • the group or system 1 delimits a combustion chamber 2 in which the process of generating hot gas or combustion gas takes place through a solid fuel mass 2a, the latter housed in or leading to the combustion chamber 2 as well as a feed and decomposition circuit or components of a fluid oxidant, e.g. liquid or gaseous, or a mixture of the two, such as hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) or oxygen or nitrous oxide.
  • a fluid oxidant e.g. liquid or gaseous, or a mixture of the two, such as hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) or oxygen or nitrous oxide.
  • the hydrogen peroxide or nitrous oxide is contained in a container 4, preferably not under pressure. If desired, a feed or extraction pipe 4a of the fluid oxidant which defines the suction or thrust line of said component is provided in the container 4.
  • the fluid oxidant is hydrogen peroxide, it is present in the container 4 at a concentration higher than 70% or 80% by mass or, preferably more than 90% by mass with respect to water.
  • the hydrogen peroxide in the container 4 is stabilized with a stabilizer content of less than 10 parts per million. This clearly guarantees that the hydrogen peroxide does not decompose in the container 4 and therefore it considerably reduces the risk of explosions or loss of effectiveness of the fluid oxidant.
  • the group 1 then comprises a decomposition unit 3, such as a catalytic bed or a catalysis system downstream of the container 4, which is designed to decompose or separate the fluid oxidant exiting from the container 4, for example to decompose the hydrogen peroxide in gaseous oxygen and water vapour, which will be at high temperature because the decomposition reaction generates energy.
  • a decomposition unit 3 such as a catalytic bed or a catalysis system downstream of the container 4, which is designed to decompose or separate the fluid oxidant exiting from the container 4, for example to decompose the hydrogen peroxide in gaseous oxygen and water vapour, which will be at high temperature because the decomposition reaction generates energy.
  • the catalytic bed 3 can be mounted on the top of the container 4, if desired on the supply line of the fluid oxidant through the feed or extraction pipe 4a.
  • the catalytic bed 3 can comprise a mesh or a grid, for example in silver, platinum, manganese oxide, etc. or several stacked grids or a plurality of balls arranged to define tortuous paths for the fluid oxidant.
  • the catalytic bed 3 is designed to reduce the activation energy of the decomposition reaction of the fluid oxidant or hydrogen peroxide.
  • the decomposition unit could alternatively comprise a consumable catalytic, that is to say it consumes during use, which entails, inter alia, a reduction in weight of the group over time.
  • the catalytic bed 3 if on the one hand increases the weight of the group or system, on the other hand it improves the controllability and the guarantee of switching on and off of the group itself.
  • the fluid oxidant or hydrogen peroxide decomposed or separated from the decomposition unit 3 is then supplied into the combustion chamber 2 on or in contact with the solid fuel, so as to cause a combustion reaction.
  • the combustion chamber 2 can be mounted at the head or downstream of the catalytic bed 3, if desired on the discharge line of the decomposition compounds of the fluid oxidant from the catalytic bed 3.
  • the combustion gas or gases are then emitted by means of a dispensing device 6, for example in the ballasts or containment tanks B for ballast water of a submersible or submarine S.
  • the dispensing device 6 is mounted at the top or downstream of the combustion chamber 2, if desired on the discharge line of the combustion compounds from the combustion chamber 2.
  • the combustion gas can be at a temperature even equal to 2000°C, and this temperature could be excessive and ruin the containment tanks or components of the group or of the submarine.
  • the dispensing device 6 can comprise a nozzle 6a mounted at the head or in fluid communication with the combustion chamber 2, as well as an ejector 6b and a supply duct 6c or the like extending between a tank, for example ballasts or containment tanks B, of a cooling fluid such as water and the nozzle 6a or the ejector 6b.
  • the combustion gases leaving the combustion chamber 2 enter the nozzle 6a and, for example following a reduction of the passage section for the combustion gases, an increase in the speed and decrease in the pressure of the same is determined, which causes a suction of the cooling fluid from the respective tank into the adduction duct 6c and then into the ejector 6b together with the combustion gases, cooling the latter.
  • the ejector 6b flows directly or not into the containment tanks B and, therefore, feeds combustion gas(es) cooled as described above, which increase the pressure in the containment tanks and determine the emptying thereof.
  • This mechanism can be used to determine the quick emersion of a submersible or submarine S or to control its travel, and if desired the tilt of a submersible or submarine S.
  • the emersion of a submersible or submarine S is determined, but by emptying one or more containment tanks in a controlled manner it is possible to tilt submersible or a submarine S in a determined manner, thus being able to manoeuvre the submarine S better or faster.
  • the containment tanks are open, but the same can also be provided with rupture disks or baffles, which, following a determined increase in pressure inside the containment tanks themselves, are crushed, causing the emptying or increasing the speed of emptying of the containment tanks B.
  • the group or system 1 also comprises a thrust or pressurization unit 5 able to thrust the fluid oxidant or the hydrogen peroxide from the container 4 towards the catalytic bed 3 and, from the latter, the decomposing compounds of the hydrogen peroxide are fed into the combustion chamber 2.
  • a thrust or pressurization unit 5 able to thrust the fluid oxidant or the hydrogen peroxide from the container 4 towards the catalytic bed 3 and, from the latter, the decomposing compounds of the hydrogen peroxide are fed into the combustion chamber 2.
  • the thrust or pressurization unit 5 may comprise a recipient of a pressurized fluid, for example nitrogen at 100-300 atm, if desired at about 200 atm, which is in fluid communication with the container 4 by means of a transport duct intercepted by a first valve assembly 8 and optionally by a pressure regulator or reducer.
  • a pressurized fluid for example nitrogen at 100-300 atm, if desired at about 200 atm
  • the pressure regulator is needed for obtaining a constant flow of hydrogen peroxide towards the catalytic bed 3 and therefore a constant assembly operation.
  • the group 1 can also comprise a second valve assembly 9 designed to intercept the delivery of fluid oxidant or the channel for dispensing this oxidant from the container 4 to the catalytic bed 3.
  • the group 1 could also not include a thrust or pressurization unit, but be provided, for example, with a cartridge or the like breakable by pressure or by means of suitable pressure means so as to determine the pressurization of the fluid oxidant or the conveyance thereof from the container 4 to the catalytic bed 3.
  • the first valve assembly 8 and/or the second valve assembly 9 can be controlled and suitably operated by a control unit or by means of suitable sensors.
  • the group can operate at different pressures in a depth range between 0 and 500 m.
  • the hot outgoing gases do not exceed, preferably, 800°C so as not to affect the structure of the submarine.
  • no priming of the group is provided because the fluid oxidant or the hydrogen peroxide decomposes upon contact with the catalytic bed 3 and therefore heats up and when entering the combustion chamber 2 it is in the conditions such as to guarantee the priming of the combustion reaction.
  • the solid fuel may comprise an inert material, for example selected from the group consisting of paraffin, a thermoplastic or thermosetting material, such as for example (but not only) polyethylene, nylon, polycarbonate and plexiglass.
  • an inert material for example selected from the group consisting of paraffin, a thermoplastic or thermosetting material, such as for example (but not only) polyethylene, nylon, polycarbonate and plexiglass.
  • the group also comprises a device 10 (see Figure 2 ) for generating a vortex flow designed to generate and deliver a vortex flow of the fluid oxidant or of the decomposed hydrogen peroxide or of the compounds of the decomposition of the fluid oxidant or hydrogen peroxide, in the combustion chamber 2 and then on the solid fuel 2a thus increasing the combustion efficiency, the regression rate and the stability of the combustion.
  • a device 10 for generating a vortex flow designed to generate and deliver a vortex flow of the fluid oxidant or of the decomposed hydrogen peroxide or of the compounds of the decomposition of the fluid oxidant or hydrogen peroxide, in the combustion chamber 2 and then on the solid fuel 2a thus increasing the combustion efficiency, the regression rate and the stability of the combustion.
  • a vortex flow means a flow of compounds of the decomposition of the fluid oxidant or of the hydrogen peroxide which has a component such as to hit the solid fuel in a turbulent or swirling or spiral manner, for example not only parallel to the surface or to the mass surfaces of solid fuel exposed (in the combustion chamber 2) to the flow of decomposition compounds. If desired, the vortex flow has tangential components and, if desired, axial to that surface or those surfaces.
  • the solid fuel 2a can be arranged in the combustion chamber 2 so as to form a cylindrical element and in this case the flow of compounds of the decomposition of the fluid oxidant or hydrogen peroxide would be conveyed along the seat 2b delimited by the cylindrical element.
  • the axial components of the flow of fluid oxidant or hydrogen peroxide are those components of this flow substantially parallel to the longitudinal symmetry axis of the cylindrical element, while the tangential components are transverse or orthogonal to this axis.
  • the device 10 is therefore arranged between the catalytic bed 3 and the combustion chamber 2 and can comprise, for example, a plate 11 defining one or a plurality of through holes 12 which have a helical or spiral or curved pattern, for example with respect to said axis of symmetry. More specifically, the holes 12 do not have a main development axis parallel to the conveying direction of the compounds of the decomposition of the hydrogen peroxide from the catalytic bed 3 to the combustion chamber 2.
  • the device for generating a vortex flow comprises a cup-like or similar element with flanged end and delimiting holes which are transversal or orthogonal to the advancement or conveying direction of the compounds of the decomposition of the hydrogen peroxide from the catalytic bed 3 to the combustion chamber 2.
  • an activation valve can be provided to control the mass flow of hydrogen peroxide decomposed at the inlet to the combustion chamber 2, thereby allowing the control, switching off and re-ignition of the group or gas generator as desired and necessary.
  • a group according to the present invention could be mounted in a containment casing.
  • This submersible or submarine S comprises one or more ballasts or containment tanks B for a ballast fluid, such as water, for example constrained on a respective flank of the submersible or submarine S as well as one or more groups housed or otherwise leading to a ballast or containment tank B.
  • a ballast fluid such as water
  • the containment tanks are full, at least initially, of water or ballast fluid.
  • the dispensing device 6 and more particularly the ejector 6b opens directly or not into the containment tanks B and, therefore, feeds combustion gas(es) generated in the group, in particular cooled as indicated above, which increase/s the pressure in the containment tanks and determine/s the partial or total emptying of the same.
  • the containment tanks may be open and may be provided with disks or breaking baffles as above indicated.
  • a device 10 for the generation of a vortex flow, then it is commanded or determined the delivery of the compounds of the decomposition of the fluid oxidant in the device 10 so as to generate a vortex flow of the compounds and deliver it into the combustion chamber 2 and then on the solid fuel mass 2a.
  • treatment steps may also be provided depending on the components (for example nozzle 6a, ejector 6b and adduction duct 6c) present in the group.
  • the pressure profile of the generated gas can be controlled as desired, thus obtaining an active control of the gas generator during the ascent phase.
  • a group according to the present invention is an EBD based on a hybrid propellant gas generator with fluid oxidant and solid propellant, which allows an extreme operational versatility, since it can be switched on and off and has limited development, management and recharge costs thanks to the implicit inert nature of the fuel and to the limited safety problems concerning the oxidant.
  • the present invention therefore guarantees the replacement of EBD systems based on solid gas generators with hybrid gas generators.
  • the hydrogen peroxide is passed into a catalytic bed which determines its decomposition into oxygen and water vapour at high temperature, and the decomposition products are injected into the combustion chamber, causing the beginning of the combustion and the ignition of the engine.
  • the flow of the oxidant can also be managed through an activation valve that controls the mass flow entering the combustion chamber, thus allowing the control, switching off and re-ignition of the gas generator as desired and necessary, thus ensuring a versatility which is not obtainable with a solid propeller or gas generator.
  • the fuel may however be inert so that it does not react as a result of accidental contact with the oxidant, unless this is decomposed into high temperature gas, thus making the system safe against any internal leakages.
  • the hydrogen peroxide used can also be stabilized, thus reducing the problems in case of accidental drip of the oxidant. Furthermore, hydrogen peroxide is non-toxic.
  • the group or system can then be refilled simply by restoring the oxidant and replacing the fuel or fuel grain.
  • this procedure is inexpensive.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
EP18737986.2A 2017-06-13 2018-06-07 Group or system for the quick emersion of a submersible or a submarine Active EP3638581B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT102017000065613A IT201700065613A1 (it) 2017-06-13 2017-06-13 Gruppo o sistema per l'emersione rapida di sommergibili o di sottomarini.
PCT/IB2018/054121 WO2018229611A1 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-06-07 Group or system for the quick emersion of a submersible or a submarine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3638581A1 EP3638581A1 (en) 2020-04-22
EP3638581B1 true EP3638581B1 (en) 2021-08-04

Family

ID=60182909

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18737986.2A Active EP3638581B1 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-06-07 Group or system for the quick emersion of a submersible or a submarine

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3638581B1 (es)
JP (1) JP2020523253A (es)
KR (1) KR102497562B1 (es)
CN (1) CN110997480B (es)
ES (1) ES2899249T3 (es)
IT (1) IT201700065613A1 (es)
WO (1) WO2018229611A1 (es)

Family Cites Families (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS506606B2 (es) * 1972-02-21 1975-03-15
DE2324709C2 (de) * 1973-05-16 1983-03-17 Erno-Raumfahrttechnik Gmbh, 2800 Bremen Rettungseinrichtung für Unterwasserfahrzeuge
JPS5335207B2 (es) * 1973-05-28 1978-09-26
DE2709733C2 (de) * 1977-03-05 1985-03-07 Erno Raumfahrttechnik Gmbh, 2800 Bremen Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines inerten Gasgemisches und Vorrichtung zur Ausübung des Verfahrens
JPS56219U (es) * 1979-06-13 1981-01-06
DE3320159A1 (de) * 1983-06-03 1984-12-06 Erno Raumfahrttechnik Gmbh, 2800 Bremen Rettungseinrichtung fuer unterwasserfahrzeuge
WO1992018443A1 (en) * 1991-04-11 1992-10-29 Talley Defense Systems, Inc. Azide propellant compositions for emergency deballasting of submersible vessels
DE19704587C2 (de) * 1997-02-07 2000-06-15 Daimlerchrysler Aerospace Ag Notanblasvorrichtung für Unterwasserfahrzeuge
JP4120716B2 (ja) * 1997-06-19 2008-07-16 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 安定化された過酸化水素水溶液
EP1294980B2 (en) * 2000-06-08 2015-10-07 Lonza Inc. Aldehyde donors for stabilizing peroxides in papermaking applications
DE102010047677B4 (de) * 2010-10-06 2012-09-13 Bayern-Chemie Gesellschaft Für Flugchemische Antriebe Mbh Vorrichtung zum Bedrücken eines Auftriebstanks
JP5810710B2 (ja) * 2011-07-27 2015-11-11 住友電気工業株式会社 ガス分解装置
KR101287358B1 (ko) * 2011-09-19 2013-07-23 박여림 기체 발생 물질을 내부에 포함하는 탄성 튜브
DE102012202544A1 (de) * 2012-02-20 2013-08-22 Thyssenkrupp Marine Systems Gmbh Verfahren zum Anblasen einer Tauchzelle eines Unterseeboots und eine Anblasvorrichtung für ein Unterseeboot
JP6220685B2 (ja) * 2014-01-30 2017-10-25 電源開発株式会社 ガス化バーナ及び該ガス化バーナを備えた二段ガス化炉

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2899249T3 (es) 2022-03-10
IT201700065613A1 (it) 2018-12-13
WO2018229611A1 (en) 2018-12-20
CN110997480B (zh) 2022-03-08
EP3638581A1 (en) 2020-04-22
KR20200023628A (ko) 2020-03-05
KR102497562B1 (ko) 2023-02-07
CN110997480A (zh) 2020-04-10
JP2020523253A (ja) 2020-08-06

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