EP3636851B1 - Plaster profile - Google Patents
Plaster profile Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3636851B1 EP3636851B1 EP19197825.3A EP19197825A EP3636851B1 EP 3636851 B1 EP3636851 B1 EP 3636851B1 EP 19197825 A EP19197825 A EP 19197825A EP 3636851 B1 EP3636851 B1 EP 3636851B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wires
- plaster profile
- corner
- wire
- plaster
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 title claims description 100
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/02—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings of plastic materials hardening after applying, e.g. plaster
- E04F13/04—Bases for plaster
- E04F13/06—Edge-protecting borders
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/02—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings of plastic materials hardening after applying, e.g. plaster
- E04F13/04—Bases for plaster
- E04F13/047—Plaster carrying meshes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/02—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings of plastic materials hardening after applying, e.g. plaster
- E04F13/04—Bases for plaster
- E04F13/06—Edge-protecting borders
- E04F13/068—Edge-protecting borders combined with mesh material or the like to allow plaster to bond therewith
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/02—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings of plastic materials hardening after applying, e.g. plaster
- E04F13/04—Bases for plaster
- E04F13/06—Edge-protecting borders
- E04F2013/063—Edge-protecting borders for corners
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/02—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings of plastic materials hardening after applying, e.g. plaster
- E04F13/04—Bases for plaster
- E04F13/06—Edge-protecting borders
- E04F2013/066—Edge-protecting borders for expansion joints between two plaster layers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a plaster profile which extends in a longitudinal direction and comprises a corner section and at least one leg which adjoins the corner section transversely to the longitudinal direction.
- the corner section can comprise a flat, at least partially closed strip which is bent over along a corner edge that is aligned parallel to the longitudinal direction.
- plaster profiles can be used in particular as corner profiles due to the corner edge formed in the corner section.
- expansion joint profiles, connection profiles, end profiles, base profiles or clip-on profiles can also be formed in this way. It is known to form the plaster profile as a whole, i.e. both the corner section and the one or more legs that adjoin the corner section, from a sheet metal strip, in particular continuous along the entire cross section, so that not only the angled surfaces of the Corner portion, but also the respective adjoining legs are designed as at least partially closed surfaces.
- plaster profiles can be plastered and the plaster reliably adheres to the legs and can preferably also contribute to the attachment of the profile to a component
- these surfaces usually have to be structured and / or on their surface in a special way to improve the adhesion of the plaster be provided with openings.
- the formation of the perforations results in material scrap, which should be avoided as far as possible.
- Plaster profiles according to the preamble of claim 1 are, for example, from EP 0 789 115 A1 , EP 0 940 521 A1 as GB 2 292 582 A famous.
- the plaster profile according to the invention extends in a longitudinal direction, wherein it preferably has an at least substantially constant cross section with respect to the longitudinal direction.
- the plaster profile comprises a corner section and at least one leg which adjoins the corner section transversely to the longitudinal direction.
- the corner section and / or the at least one leg each extend in the longitudinal direction.
- a respective leg of the plaster profile represents in particular a linear section which preferably has an at least substantially straight course.
- Such a line segment of the cross section then corresponds to a surface segment of the plaster profile as which the leg can be designed.
- the corner section and the respective legs adjoining the corner section are preferably basically parts that are formed separately from one another, the legs being fixedly, in particular permanently, attached to the corner section.
- the at least one leg can in particular adjoin the corner section insofar as it extends up to an edge of the corner section, but not or at least not significantly beyond it.
- an edge of the leg can be connected to an edge of the corner section.
- there is no overlap between the corner section and the leg a dimension that is required for a reliable connection of the corner section to the leg in view of the particular structure and the particular material.
- the limb and the corner section can overlap just enough that a welded connection is thereby made possible.
- a connection at the end for example welding at the end, may also be possible, so that no overlap is required at all.
- At the edge of the leg pointing away from the corner section there is also a reinforcement fabric, which will be described in more detail below.
- the corner section comprises a flat strip, which is closed at least in some areas, which is bent over along a corner edge which is aligned parallel to the longitudinal direction.
- the corner section can in particular be formed from this strip.
- the strip can be a sheet metal strip, for example.
- the corner section does not have to have a sharp kink at the corner edge, but can also be bent over in a rounded manner at the corner edge.
- the corner section can have at least two angled, preferably perpendicular, surface sections which are aligned to one another and which are designed to be closed at least in some areas, in particular completely.
- the corner section can also be bent over several times, in particular along a plurality of mutually parallel edges, by which the corner section is divided into further surface sections, which are preferably each also at least regionally, in particular completely, closed.
- the corner edge or a web provided thereon preferably protrudes in at least one direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction from the entire rest of the plaster profile. In this way, the corner edge or the web is particularly suitable to serve as a pull-off edge for plastering.
- the corner section can also be designed symmetrically to a mirror plane comprising the corner edge.
- the plaster profile can in particular be a corner profile, an expansion joint profile, a connection profile, an end profile, a base profile or a clip-on profile.
- the at least one leg in particular each leg of the plaster profile, comprises a flat wire structure made of interconnected wires.
- the respective leg can be formed from such a flat wire structure.
- further structures can be provided on the flat wire structure.
- the flat wire structure preferably extends continuously over the entire longitudinal extent of a respective leg.
- at least one reinforcement fabric is provided on the plaster profile, which is partially integrated into the wire structure of a respective leg and protrudes over the respective leg in a direction pointing away from the corner section.
- the reinforcement fabric can also extend in the longitudinal direction beyond the respective wire structure and in this respect lengthen the respective leg.
- the flat wire structure replaces the legs of conventional plaster profiles, which are designed as at least partially closed surfaces.
- the wire structure which preferably has no areas of closed surface, has numerous passages through which plaster can penetrate due to its formation of interconnected wires, so that a particularly comprehensive interlocking takes place, through which the plaster adheres well to the plaster profile and at the same time can contribute to its attachment to a substrate.
- the passages can have a surface area of more than 50%, preferably more than 60%, in particular more than 70%.
- material can be saved compared to a closed surface, especially since no openings have to be punched out, so that no related rejects arise.
- a comparatively high rigidity of the legs can be achieved.
- truss-like structures with many triangular connections can be advantageous in this regard.
- a wire structure advantageously results in less heat transfer than a closed structure.
- the wires of a respective wire structure can comprise a metal, for example, as a material. All wires of the wire structure of a respective leg, in particular the wires of the wire structures of all legs, of the plaster profile are preferably made of the same material and / or have the same diameter.
- the wires preferably each have a circular cross section. Alternatively, at least one or more wires can also have other cross-sectional shapes, for example a square or triangular cross-section.
- the wires are connected to one another at least at certain points. For example, two wires can cross and welded to one another at the crossing point or fastened to one another in some other way. Two wires can also run adjacent to one another at least in sections and be linearly welded to one another or fastened to one another in some other way along such a section.
- the wire structure is flat in particular in that it has an at least substantially flat shape.
- the flat wire structure can be approximated by an imaginary cuboid, the surfaces of which bear against the wire structure from the outside, the cuboid having a bar shape extending in the longitudinal direction, the cross section of which is significantly wider than it is high, for example with a ratio of the width to the height of at least 3: 1, preferably at least 5: 1.
- the plaster profile has two legs which adjoin the corner section at opposite edges of the corner section.
- the edges are preferably aligned parallel to the longitudinal direction and, in particular, are arranged opposite to the aforementioned corner edge, that is to say are arranged on different sides of the corner edge.
- the two legs preferably extend along the longitudinal direction and can be aligned to one another at an angle of preferably at most 90 °, in particular less than 90 °, preferably between 50 ° and 80 °, for example 60 °.
- the two legs, in particular all legs of the plaster profile, if it has even more legs, can each be designed in one of the ways described above or below for the at least one leg.
- the wire structure does not extend beyond the corner edge, preferably not even as far as the corner edge.
- the respective leg and the corner section can indeed at least partially overlap one another.
- the overlap does not go so far that the wire structure of the respective leg reaches or even exceeds the corner edge. Rather, the wire structure of a respective leg is spaced from the corner edge.
- the wire structures of different legs are formed separately from one another.
- no wire is preferably both part of the wire structure of one of the legs and at the same time part of the wire structure of another of the legs of the plaster profile.
- legs are arranged at a distance from one another. The legs can be connected to one another via the corner section.
- the wire structure comprises at least two wires, which are at least partially parallel to the longitudinal direction or at least to one another are aligned, as well as at least one further wire that connects said at least two wires transversely to their alignment. If the aforementioned at least two wires are not each aligned parallel to one another as a whole, the aforementioned at least one further wire preferably connects sections of these wires that are parallel to one another.
- the two wires mentioned can in particular have a straight course, at least in sections, preferably as a whole. In principle, however, they can also be parallel to one another with regard to a curved course.
- the two wires and the further wire are not to be understood as a limitation of the number to exactly two wires or exactly one further wire, but rather more than the two wires mentioned and one further wire can be provided in each case.
- the further wire connects the two wires transversely, but not necessarily perpendicular to their respective orientation or to the longitudinal direction.
- the further wire connects the two wires in particular insofar as it is directly connected on the one hand to one of the two wires and on the other hand also directly to the other of the two wires. This connection can be made, for example, by welding or by hooking the wires together by bending them or by wrapping one wire around the other.
- the length of the further wire does not have to be limited to the connection of the two wires, but can extend beyond it on one side or on both sides and be directly connected to other wires.
- said at least one further wire has a periodic spatial profile and connects the said wire at least two wires multiple times together.
- the further wire can be connected alternately to one and to the other of the two wires or alternately in each case twice to one and twice to the other of the two wires.
- the periodic spatial profile can in particular be sinusoidal at least in sections or shaped like a triangular function. In the periodic spatial course, sections with a straight course and sections with a curved course can regularly alternate.
- the said at least two wires define a plane within which they run, the said at least one further wire defining a further plane offset in parallel with respect to the said plane, within which it runs.
- the planes mentioned are not to be understood as infinitely thin in the mathematical sense, but rather as a planar layer with a finite thickness, which preferably corresponds at least essentially to the respective wire diameter.
- all wires of a respective wire structure are at least essentially - in particular with the exception of areas in which wires from different levels are directly connected to one another, e.g. welded - either only in one or only in the other of the two levels mentioned get lost.
- the wires can also be used to define more than two mutually offset planes, for which the same can then apply.
- each level comprises at least two wires.
- at least one level comprises at least three wires.
- the wires of a respective flat wire structure are not necessarily restricted to only running in one plane.
- the wires of a respective wire structure can also be braided or interwoven with one another. It can be provided in particular that a respective wire changes level and / or is alternately guided over and under other wires.
- the wires of a respective flat wire structure can in particular be connected to one another insofar as each wire of the wire structure is connected to every other wire of the same wire structure indirectly or directly via one or more additional wires of the same wire structure.
- the geometry of the wire structure can already result in a connection of the wires to one another, for example by twisting or tangling.
- the wires are not or not only positively but, at least also, connected to one another with a material fit.
- the wires can be welded to one another.
- the wires can also be soldered or glued to one another.
- a pull-off edge for plastering is formed on the corner edge of the corner section.
- the pull-off edge is formed directly by the corner edge.
- it can also be formed by a structure formed on the corner edge, e.g. by a web that extends along the corner edge and in particular can be aligned in the direction of an angle bisector of the angle formed by the bending of the corner section at the corner edge.
- a reinforcing structure At the protruding edge of such a web, it can also have a reinforcing structure.
- the plaster profile has a cover, in particular a plastic cover, which at least partially covers the corner section.
- the cover can cover at least the corner edge and / or a structure formed thereon, such as the mentioned web.
- the pull-off edge can then be formed by the cover.
- a reinforcing fabric is provided on the plaster profile, which is thereby attached to a respective leg of the Plaster profile is attached that it is at least partially integrated into the wire structure of a respective leg.
- the reinforcement fabric can for example be integrated into the wire structure insofar as it is clamped between wires of the wire structure, in particular in areas of welded connections between the wires and / or also in the area of a welded connection between the wire structure and the corner section.
- the reinforcement fabric can also be interwoven with the wires.
- Several reinforcement fabrics can also be provided on the plaster profile, in particular one reinforcement fabric each on different legs of the plaster profile.
- the reinforcing fabric preferably has a lattice structure made up of several threads or strands, in particular those arranged perpendicularly to one another.
- the holes in the lattice structure form meshes of the reinforcement fabric. Plaster can penetrate through these meshes of the reinforcement fabric, so that the reinforcement fabric contributes to a reliable anchoring of the plaster profile in the plaster.
- the reinforcing fabric can be arranged between these two planes according to a further embodiment. Wires that define a plane run within this plane.
- the reinforcing fabric can, so to speak, be embedded or clamped between two planes of the wire structure.
- wires from different levels can be firmly connected to one another, for example welded to one another, in particular at crossing points.
- a separate attachment of the reinforcement fabric to the wire structure can then be superfluous, since it can already be sufficiently attached by the clamping effect and / or by the fact that wires from different levels of the wire structure are connected to one another through meshes of the reinforcement fabric.
- the plaster profiles 11 shown in the figures extend in the longitudinal direction L, wherein in the Fig. 1 , 2 , 4th , 6th and 8th only a section of the longitudinal extension of the respective plaster profile 11 is shown.
- the plaster profile 11 extends, for example, over a length of a few meters, for example 1.5 m, 2 m, 2.5 m, 3 m or longer, and can be cut to length as required.
- the shown section of the respective plaster profile 11 is an example of the formation of the plaster profile 11 over its entire length. In other words, the illustrated embodiment can at least essentially continue or repeat in the longitudinal direction L on one side or on both sides.
- the cross-section of the plaster profile 11 is essentially constant over the entire longitudinal extension (cf. Fig. 3 ).
- the plaster profile 11 shown which is not claimed, comprises a corner section 13 which extends in the longitudinal direction L and is formed by a sheet metal strip which is bent over by approximately 90 ° along a corner edge 15.
- the corner section 13 is also bent around further edges 17 in such a way that it has a lantern roof-like shape.
- the areas between the corner edge 15, the further edges 17 and the parallel edges of the corner section 13 each form surface sections of the corner section 13, which are each designed as continuously closed surfaces.
- the corner section 13 is designed symmetrically with respect to a mirror plane which bisects the angle formed at the corner edge 15. In particular, the entire plaster profile 11 is designed symmetrically to this mirror plane.
- the plaster profile 11 further comprises two legs 19 which each adjoin the corner section 13, namely a respective edge of the corner section 13 running parallel to the corner edge 15, and are firmly connected to the corner section 13 at the respective edge.
- the legs 19 are each to the respective surface section, that through the respective edge and the one closest to it Edge 17 is limited, aligned parallel so that they continue it flat.
- the legs 19 are each formed by a wire structure which comprises three wires 21 which run parallel to the longitudinal direction L and are regularly spaced from one another.
- the edge of the corner section 13, to which the wire structure is attached, is spaced from the one of these wires 21 closest to it in a corresponding manner.
- the wires 21 parallel to the longitudinal direction L lie in one plane and are connected to one another by a further wire 23 which has a periodic spatial course within a further plane offset parallel to the above-mentioned plane.
- the wire structure lies entirely within these two planes, which thus define the flat design of the leg.
- the course of the further wire 23 is sinusoidal.
- the further wire 23 crosses the wires 21 parallel to the longitudinal direction L several times in a regular sequence, being welded to the respective wire 21 at the crossing points.
- the vertices of the sinusoidal shape of the further wire 23 define the edges of the respective limb 19 with respect to its width transversely to the longitudinal direction L.
- the respective limb 19 is connected to a respective edge of the corner section 13 with one of these edges.
- every second vertex of the sinusoidal shape of the further wire 23 is welded to the respective edge of the corner section 13.
- the two legs 19 are aligned at an angle of approximately 60 ° to one another.
- the corner edge 15 projects from this corner region (cf. Fig. 3 ). How far the corner edge 15 protrudes from the corner region of the component 25 depends on the angle between the two legs 19 and their respective width.
- the Corner edge 15 can be used as a pull-off edge for plastering the component 25, the thickness of the plaster layer being determined by how far the corner edge 15 protrudes.
- the two legs 19 can also be aligned at an angle of 90 ° to one another and then lie flat against the two surfaces of the component 25. The corner edge 15 can then, however, still protrude from the corner region of the component 25 due to the respective shape of the corner section 13, which in the present example is like a lantern roof.
- the corner section 13 does not include a wire structure, but is formed from a sheet metal strip that is closed at least in some areas. This defines a smooth and precisely shaped corner in the area of the corner edge 15, which provides a reliable reference for plastering the corner area of the component 25.
- Plaster profile 11 shown and not claimed differs from that in FIG Figs. 1 to 3 shown not claimed plaster profile 11 at least substantially only by the formation of the corner portion 13. Because the corner portion 13 of the in the Figures 4 and 5 The plaster profile 11 shown is only bent over at one corner edge 15, but not additionally at other edges 17. At the corner edge 15, the corner section 13 is bent over by approximately 90 °, so that the corner section 13 thereby has two surface sections angled to one another.
- the legs 19, which are each formed at least essentially by a wire structure of interconnected wires 21, 23 and adjoin a respective surface section of the corner section 13, each extend parallel to the respective surface section, in the case of the in FIG Figures 4 and 5
- Plaster profile 11 shown also the legs 19 at an angle aligned from about 90 ° to each other. In principle, however, the legs 19 can also enclose a different angle, for example approximately 60 °, with this plaster profile 11.
- the reinforcement fabric 27 can widen the respective leg 19 transversely to the longitudinal direction L and provide an additional surface on which plaster can penetrate and surround the leg 19, so that additional anchoring of the plaster profile 11 is achieved.
- the reinforcing fabric 27 can in principle also protrude in the longitudinal direction L, on one side or on both sides, over the wire structure, in particular over the entire rest of the plaster profile 11. In the direction of the corner edge 15, however, the reinforcing fabric 27 preferably does not protrude beyond the wire structure. Thus, like the wire structure, the reinforcing fabric 27 does not extend over the corner section 13, in particular not over its corner edge 15. This is particularly important in the in Fig. 7 shown cross-sectional representation of the plaster profile 11 to recognize.
- the reinforcement fabric 27 is in the Figures 6 and 7
- the embodiment shown is integrated into the wire structure of a respective leg 19 in that it is arranged between different wires 21, 23 of the wire structure.
- Several wires 21 run on one side of the reinforcement fabric 27, while the at least one further wire 23 runs on the opposite side of the reinforcement fabric 27 runs. In this way, the reinforcement fabric 27 is clamped between the wires 21 on one side and the other wires 23 on the other side.
- the wires 21 on the one hand, which define a first plane through their course and / or their arrangement, and the at least one further wire 23 on the other side, which defines a second plane through its course and / or its arrangement, are included through the reinforcement fabric 27, namely through meshes of the reinforcement fabric 27, connected to one another.
- the reinforcing fabric 27 is, so to speak, caught between two layers of wires 21, 23 corresponding to the above-mentioned planes of the wire structure.
- Plaster profile 11 shown represents an alternative to the aforementioned embodiment according to the invention of forming a plaster profile 11 with a wire structure and reinforcing fabric 27 integrated therein.
- the way in which the reinforcing fabric 27 is integrated into the wire structure corresponds to that for the Figures 6 and 7 embodiment shown in the manner described.
- Figures 6 and 7 shows that in the Figures 8 and 9
- the plaster profile 11 shown, which is not claimed, has a single continuous wire structure which extends over the corner section 13 and thus also over the corner edge 15.
- the two legs 19 thus comprise different parts of the same wire structure.
- the corner section 13 also comprises a further part of this wire structure, as in particular in the cross-sectional illustration of FIG Fig. 9 can be seen.
- the wire structure which is otherwise at least essentially flat and planar, is bent over by approximately 75 ° along the corner edge 15, whereby in principle other angles, for example 90 ° or 60 °, can also be expedient.
- the corner section 13 has a cover 29 in the form of a corner strip which is placed on the wire structure at the corner edge 15.
- the cover 29 is made of plastic, but can also be made of metal or a composite material, and is used to reinforce the corner edge 15 and to define it precisely.
- the cover 29 can provide a pull-off edge for plastering the plaster profile 11.
- the reinforcing fabric 27 is integrated into the wire structure in that it is caught between two layers of the wire structure.
- the two layers are each formed not only by one, but by several wires 21 or several further wires 23, which each define a first or second plane of the wire structure.
- the wires 21 of one layer are aligned parallel to the longitudinal direction L, while the other wires 23 of the other layer have a sinusoidal periodic course and partially cross one another.
- the respective wire structure with integrated reinforcement fabric 27 is produced by first arranging the wires 21 in relation to one another in a first plane, so that they form a first layer of the wire structure; then the reinforcement fabric 27 is arranged thereon, for example placed on it, parallel to the first plane; and then the further wires 23 are arranged on the opposite side of the reinforcing fabric 27 to the wires of the first layer, for example placed thereon, so that they lie in a second plane and in this way form a second layer of the wire structure. Finally, the wires 21 of the first layer are connected to the further wires 23 of the second layer through the reinforcing fabric 27, in particular welded. The layers and the reinforcement fabric 27 arranged between them are aligned parallel to one another.
- the wire structure can also have more than two layers, each of which can be formed in a corresponding manner.
- the Layers can also only comprise a single wire 21, 23, the course of this wire 21, 23 then (such as the aforementioned sinusoidal course) having directional components in two spatial dimensions and in this way defining the plane corresponding to the respective position.
- a wire structure produced in the manner described for use in a plaster profile or some other building profile is initially flat and level, but can then, if necessary, be brought into a desired shape, in particular by bending.
- the ones in the Figures 8 and 9 The wire structure shown, for example, has been bent over in its center along the longitudinal direction L in order to thereby form the corner edge 15.
- the wires 21, 23 of a respective layer of the wire structure are no longer located in a respective plane.
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Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Putzprofil, das sich in eine Längsrichtung erstreckt und einen Eckabschnitt sowie zumindest einen Schenkel umfasst, der sich quer zu der Längsrichtung an den Eckabschnitt anschließt. Dabei kann der Eckabschnitt einen flachen, zumindest bereichsweise geschlossenen Streifen umfassen, der entlang einer parallel zur Längsrichtung ausgerichteten Eckkante umgebogen ist.The present invention relates to a plaster profile which extends in a longitudinal direction and comprises a corner section and at least one leg which adjoins the corner section transversely to the longitudinal direction. In this case, the corner section can comprise a flat, at least partially closed strip which is bent over along a corner edge that is aligned parallel to the longitudinal direction.
Derartige Putzprofile können aufgrund der im Eckabschnitt ausgebildeten Eckkante insbesondere als Eckprofile verwendbar sein. Grundsätzlich können aber auch Dehnfugenprofile, Anschlussprofile, Abschlussprofile, Sockelprofile oder Aufsteckprofile auf diese Weise ausgebildet sein. Dabei ist es bekannt, das Putzprofil insgesamt, also sowohl den Eckabschnitt als auch den einen oder die mehreren Schenkel, die sich an den Eckabschnitt anschließen, aus einem, insbesondere entlang des gesamten Querschnitts durchgehenden, Metallblechstreifen auszubilden, so dass nicht nur die gewinkelten Flächen des Eckabschnitts, sondern auch die jeweiligen daran anschließenden Schenkel als zumindest bereichsweise geschlossene Flächen ausgebildet sind. Damit derartige Putzprofile eingeputzt werden können und der Putz dabei zuverlässig an den Schenkeln haftet und vorzugsweise auch zur Befestigung des Profils an einem Bauelement beitragen kann, müssen diese Flächen in der Regel an ihrer Oberfläche auf spezielle Weise zur Verbesserung der Haftung des Putzes strukturiert und/oder mit Durchbrechungen versehen werden. Durch das Ausbilden der Durchbrechungen entsteht dabei Materialausschuss, der möglichst zu vermeiden ist.Such plaster profiles can be used in particular as corner profiles due to the corner edge formed in the corner section. In principle, however, expansion joint profiles, connection profiles, end profiles, base profiles or clip-on profiles can also be formed in this way. It is known to form the plaster profile as a whole, i.e. both the corner section and the one or more legs that adjoin the corner section, from a sheet metal strip, in particular continuous along the entire cross section, so that not only the angled surfaces of the Corner portion, but also the respective adjoining legs are designed as at least partially closed surfaces. So that such plaster profiles can be plastered and the plaster reliably adheres to the legs and can preferably also contribute to the attachment of the profile to a component, these surfaces usually have to be structured and / or on their surface in a special way to improve the adhesion of the plaster be provided with openings. The formation of the perforations results in material scrap, which should be avoided as far as possible.
Putzprofile nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 sind beispielsweise aus
Es ist eine Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Putzprofil der eingangs genannten Art bereitzustellen, das eine gute Verkrallung von Putz zumindest an den Schenkeln des Profils ermöglicht und ressourcenschonend gefertigt werden kann.It is an object of the invention to provide a plaster profile of the type mentioned at the outset which enables plaster to interlock well at least on the legs of the profile and which can be manufactured in a resource-saving manner.
Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Putzprofil mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen, der vorliegenden Beschreibung sowie den Figuren.The object is achieved by a plaster profile with the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments emerge from the subclaims, the present description and the figures.
Das erfindungsgemäße Putzprofil erstreckt sich in eine Längsrichtung, wobei es vorzugweise einen bezüglich der Längsrichtung zumindest im Wesentlichen konstanten Querschnitt aufweist. Das Putzprofil umfasst einen Eckabschnitt sowie zumindest einen Schenkel, der sich quer zu der Längsrichtung an den Eckabschnitt anschließt. Insbesondere erstrecken sich der Eckabschnitt und/oder der zumindest eine Schenkel jeweils in Längsrichtung. Im Querschnitt stellt ein jeweiliger Schenkel des Putzprofils insbesondere einen linienförmigen Abschnitt dar, der vorzugsweise einen zumindest im Wesentlichen geraden Verlauf aufweist. Einem solchen Linienabschnitt des Querschnitts entspricht dann ein Flächenabschnitt des Putzprofils, als welcher der Schenkel ausgebildet sein kann. Der Eckabschnitt und jeweilige an den Eckabschnitt anschließende Schenkel sind vorzugsweise grundsätzlich separat voneinander ausgebildete Teile, wobei die Schenkel fest, insbesondere dauerhaft, an dem Eckabschnitt befestigt sind.The plaster profile according to the invention extends in a longitudinal direction, wherein it preferably has an at least substantially constant cross section with respect to the longitudinal direction. The plaster profile comprises a corner section and at least one leg which adjoins the corner section transversely to the longitudinal direction. In particular, the corner section and / or the at least one leg each extend in the longitudinal direction. In cross section, a respective leg of the plaster profile represents in particular a linear section which preferably has an at least substantially straight course. Such a line segment of the cross section then corresponds to a surface segment of the plaster profile as which the leg can be designed. The corner section and the respective legs adjoining the corner section are preferably basically parts that are formed separately from one another, the legs being fixedly, in particular permanently, attached to the corner section.
Der zumindest eine Schenkel kann insbesondere insofern an den Eckabschnitt anschließen, als er sich bis an einen Rand des Eckabschnitts, jedoch nicht oder zumindest nicht wesentlich darüber hinaus erstreckt. Insbesondere kann ein Rand des Schenkels mit einem Rand des Eckabschnitts verbunden sein. Vorzugsweise geht eine Überlappung zwischen dem Eckabschnitt und dem Schenkel nicht über ein Maß hinaus, das für eine zuverlässige Verbindung des Eckabschnitts mit dem Schenkel angesichts der jeweiligen Struktur und des jeweiligen Materials erforderlich ist. Beispielsweise können der Schenkel und der Eckabschnitt gerade um so viel überlappen, dass dadurch eine Schweißverbindung ermöglicht wird. Je nach Ausbildung des Schenkels und des Eckabschnitts kann aber auch eine stirnseitige Verbindung, z.B. ein stirnseitiges Verschweißen, möglich sein, so dass gar keine Überlappung erforderlich ist. An dem von dem Eckabschnitt wegweisenden Rand des Schenkels schließt sich ferner noch ein Armierungsgewebe an, das weiter unten noch ausführlicher beschrieben wird.The at least one leg can in particular adjoin the corner section insofar as it extends up to an edge of the corner section, but not or at least not significantly beyond it. In particular, an edge of the leg can be connected to an edge of the corner section. Preferably, there is no overlap between the corner section and the leg a dimension that is required for a reliable connection of the corner section to the leg in view of the particular structure and the particular material. For example, the limb and the corner section can overlap just enough that a welded connection is thereby made possible. Depending on the design of the leg and the corner section, however, a connection at the end, for example welding at the end, may also be possible, so that no overlap is required at all. At the edge of the leg pointing away from the corner section, there is also a reinforcement fabric, which will be described in more detail below.
Der Eckabschnitt umfasst einen flachen, zumindest bereichsweise geschlossenen Streifen, der entlang einer parallel zur Längsrichtung ausgerichteten Eckkante umgebogen ist. Der Eckabschnitt kann insbesondere aus diesem Streifen gebildet sein. Bei dem Streifen kann es sich beispielsweise um einen Blechstreifen handeln. Dabei muss der Eckabschnitt an der Eckkante keinen scharfen Knick aufweisen, sondern kann an der Eckkante auch gerundet umgebogen sein. Der Eckabschnitt kann infolge der Umbiegung entlang der Eckkante zumindest zwei gewinkelt, vorzugsweise senkrecht, zueinander ausgerichtete Flächenabschnitte aufweisen, die zumindest bereichsweise, insbesondere vollständig, geschlossen ausgebildet sind. Der Eckabschnitt kann auch mehrfach umgebogen sein, insbesondere entlang mehrerer zueinander paralleler Kanten, durch die der Eckabschnitt in weitere Flächenabschnitte unterteilt wird, die vorzugsweise jeweils ebenfalls zumindest bereichsweise, insbesondere vollständig, geschlossen ausgebildet sind.The corner section comprises a flat strip, which is closed at least in some areas, which is bent over along a corner edge which is aligned parallel to the longitudinal direction. The corner section can in particular be formed from this strip. The strip can be a sheet metal strip, for example. The corner section does not have to have a sharp kink at the corner edge, but can also be bent over in a rounded manner at the corner edge. As a result of the bend along the corner edge, the corner section can have at least two angled, preferably perpendicular, surface sections which are aligned to one another and which are designed to be closed at least in some areas, in particular completely. The corner section can also be bent over several times, in particular along a plurality of mutually parallel edges, by which the corner section is divided into further surface sections, which are preferably each also at least regionally, in particular completely, closed.
Die Eckkante oder ein daran vorgesehener Steg steht vorzugsweise in zumindest eine Richtung senkrecht zur Längsrichtung von dem gesamten übrigen Putzprofil vor. Auf diese Weise ist die Eckkante bzw. der Steg besonders geeignet, als Abzugskante für das Verputzen zu dienen. Der Eckabschnitt kann ferner symmetrisch zu einer die Eckkante umfassenden Spiegelebene ausgebildet sein. Bei dem Putzprofil kann es sich insbesondere um ein Eckprofil, ein Dehnfugenprofil, ein Anschlussprofil, ein Abschlussprofil, ein Sockelprofil oder eine Aufsteckprofil handeln.The corner edge or a web provided thereon preferably protrudes in at least one direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction from the entire rest of the plaster profile. In this way, the corner edge or the web is particularly suitable to serve as a pull-off edge for plastering. The corner section can also be designed symmetrically to a mirror plane comprising the corner edge. In which The plaster profile can in particular be a corner profile, an expansion joint profile, a connection profile, an end profile, a base profile or a clip-on profile.
Erfindungsgemäß umfasst der zumindest eine Schenkel, insbesondere jeder Schenkel des Putzprofils jeweils, eine flächige Drahtstruktur aus untereinander verbundenen Drähten. Insbesondere kann der jeweilige Schenkel aus einer solchen flächigen Drahtstruktur gebildet sein. Grundsätzlich können dabei an der flächigen Drahtstruktur noch weitere Strukturen vorgesehen sein. Vorzugsweise erstreckt sich die flächige Drahtstruktur aber durchgehend über die gesamte Längserstreckung eines jeweiligen Schenkels. Dabei ist an dem Putzprofil zumindest ein Armierungsgewebe vorgesehen, das teilweise in die Drahtstruktur eines jeweiligen Schenkels integriert ist und in von dem Eckabschnitt weg weisender Richtung über den jeweiligen Schenkel vorsteht. Dabei kann sich das Armierungsgebewebe auch in Längsrichtung über die jeweilige Drahtstruktur hinaus erstrecken und insofern den jeweiligen Schenkel verlängern.According to the invention, the at least one leg, in particular each leg of the plaster profile, comprises a flat wire structure made of interconnected wires. In particular, the respective leg can be formed from such a flat wire structure. In principle, further structures can be provided on the flat wire structure. However, the flat wire structure preferably extends continuously over the entire longitudinal extent of a respective leg. In this case, at least one reinforcement fabric is provided on the plaster profile, which is partially integrated into the wire structure of a respective leg and protrudes over the respective leg in a direction pointing away from the corner section. The reinforcement fabric can also extend in the longitudinal direction beyond the respective wire structure and in this respect lengthen the respective leg.
Die flächige Drahtstruktur ersetzt insofern die als zumindest bereichsweise geschlossene Flächen ausgebildeten Schenkel herkömmlicher Putzprofile. Dabei weist die Drahtstruktur, die vorzugsweise keine Bereiche geschlossener Fläche aufweist, aufgrund ihrer Ausbildung aus untereinander verbundenen Drähten zahlreiche Durchgänge auf, durch die hindurch Putz dringen kann, so dass eine besonders umfassende Verkrallung erfolgt, durch die der Putz gut an dem Putzprofil haften und zugleich zu dessen Befestigung an einem Untergrund beitragen kann. Die Durchgänge können dabei einen Flächenanteil von über 50%, vorzugsweise von über 60%, insbesondere von über 70% aufweisen. Zudem kann durch die Ausbildung eines Schenkels als eine Drahtstruktur gegenüber einer geschlossenen Fläche Material eingespart werden, zumal keine Durchbrechungen ausgestanzt werden müssen, so dass kein diesbezüglicher Ausschuss anfällt. Ferner kann in Abhängigkeit von der konkreten relativen Anordnung der untereinander verbundenen Drähte der Drahtstruktur eine vergleichsweise hohe Steifigkeit der Schenkel erreicht werden. Insbesondere fachwerkartige Strukturen mit vielen Dreiecksverbindungen können in dieser Hinsicht vorteilhaft sein. Des Weiteren erfolgt durch eine Drahtstruktur aufgrund der zahlreichen Durchgänge zwischen den Drähten vorteilhafterweise ein geringerer Wärmeübergang als durch eine geschlossene Struktur.The flat wire structure replaces the legs of conventional plaster profiles, which are designed as at least partially closed surfaces. The wire structure, which preferably has no areas of closed surface, has numerous passages through which plaster can penetrate due to its formation of interconnected wires, so that a particularly comprehensive interlocking takes place, through which the plaster adheres well to the plaster profile and at the same time can contribute to its attachment to a substrate. The passages can have a surface area of more than 50%, preferably more than 60%, in particular more than 70%. In addition, by designing a leg as a wire structure, material can be saved compared to a closed surface, especially since no openings have to be punched out, so that no related rejects arise. Furthermore, depending on the specific relative arrangement of the connected wires of the wire structure a comparatively high rigidity of the legs can be achieved. In particular, truss-like structures with many triangular connections can be advantageous in this regard. Furthermore, due to the numerous passages between the wires, a wire structure advantageously results in less heat transfer than a closed structure.
Die Drähte einer jeweiligen Drahtstruktur können als Material beispielsweise ein Metall umfassen. Vorzugsweise sind alle Drähte der Drahtstruktur eines jeweiligen Schenkels, insbesondere die Drähte der Drahtstrukturen aller Schenkel, des Putzprofils aus demselben Material und/oder weisen denselben Durchmesser auf. Dabei weisen die Drähte vorzugsweise jeweils einen kreisrunden Querschnitt auf. Alternativ können zumindest ein oder mehrere Drähte aber auch andere Querschnittsformen, beispielsweise einen quadratischen oder dreieckigen Querschnitt, aufweisen. Die Drähte sind untereinander zumindest punktuell verbunden. Beispielsweise können sich zwei Drähte kreuzen und am Kreuzungspunkt miteinander verschweißt oder auf andere Weise aneinander befestigt sein. Zwei Drähte können auch zumindest abschnittsweise benachbart zueinander verlaufen und entlang eines solchen Abschnitts linear miteinander verschweißt oder auf andere Weise aneinander befestigt sein.The wires of a respective wire structure can comprise a metal, for example, as a material. All wires of the wire structure of a respective leg, in particular the wires of the wire structures of all legs, of the plaster profile are preferably made of the same material and / or have the same diameter. The wires preferably each have a circular cross section. Alternatively, at least one or more wires can also have other cross-sectional shapes, for example a square or triangular cross-section. The wires are connected to one another at least at certain points. For example, two wires can cross and welded to one another at the crossing point or fastened to one another in some other way. Two wires can also run adjacent to one another at least in sections and be linearly welded to one another or fastened to one another in some other way along such a section.
Die Drahtstruktur ist insbesondere insofern flächig, als sie eine zumindest im Wesentlichen flache Form aufweist. Mit anderen Worten kann die flächige Drahtstruktur durch einen gedachten Quader angenähert werden, dessen Flächen an der Drahtstruktur von außen anliegen, wobei der Quader eine sich in die Längsrichtung erstreckende Balkenform hat, deren Querschnitt wesentlich breiter als hoch ist, beispielsweise mit einem Verhältnis der Breite zu der Höhe von mindestens 3:1, vorzugsweise mindestens 5:1.The wire structure is flat in particular in that it has an at least substantially flat shape. In other words, the flat wire structure can be approximated by an imaginary cuboid, the surfaces of which bear against the wire structure from the outside, the cuboid having a bar shape extending in the longitudinal direction, the cross section of which is significantly wider than it is high, for example with a ratio of the width to the height of at least 3: 1, preferably at least 5: 1.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsform weist das Putzprofil zwei Schenkel auf, die sich an entgegengesetzten Rändern des Eckabschnitts an den Eckabschnitt anschließen. Die Ränder sind vorzugsweise parallel zur Längsrichtung ausgerichtet und insbesondere bezüglich der genannten Eckkante entgegengesetzt, also auf unterschiedlichen Seiten der Eckkante angeordnet. Die zwei Schenkel erstrecken sich vorzugsweise entlang der Längsrichtung und können dabei in einem Winkel von vorzugweise höchstens 90°, insbesondere weniger als 90°, bevorzugt zwischen 50° und 80°, beispielsweise 60°, zueinander ausgerichtet sein. Die zwei Schenkel, insbesondere alle Schenkel des Putzprofils, sofern es noch mehr Schenkel aufweist, können jeweils auf eine der vorstehend oder nachfolgend für den zumindest einen Schenkel beschriebenen Weisen ausgebildet sein.According to one embodiment, the plaster profile has two legs which adjoin the corner section at opposite edges of the corner section. The edges are preferably aligned parallel to the longitudinal direction and, in particular, are arranged opposite to the aforementioned corner edge, that is to say are arranged on different sides of the corner edge. The two legs preferably extend along the longitudinal direction and can be aligned to one another at an angle of preferably at most 90 °, in particular less than 90 °, preferably between 50 ° and 80 °, for example 60 °. The two legs, in particular all legs of the plaster profile, if it has even more legs, can each be designed in one of the ways described above or below for the at least one leg.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform erstreckt sich die Drahtstruktur nicht über die Eckkante hinweg, vorzugsweise nicht einmal bis zu der Eckkante. Mit anderen Worten können der jeweilige Schenkel und der Eckabschnitt einander zwar zumindest teilweise überlappen. Die Überlappung geht aber nicht so weit, dass die Drahtstruktur des jeweiligen Schenkels dabei die Eckkante erreicht oder sogar überschreitet. Vielmehr ist die Drahtstruktur eines jeweiligen Schenkels von der Eckkante beabstandet.According to a further embodiment, the wire structure does not extend beyond the corner edge, preferably not even as far as the corner edge. In other words, the respective leg and the corner section can indeed at least partially overlap one another. However, the overlap does not go so far that the wire structure of the respective leg reaches or even exceeds the corner edge. Rather, the wire structure of a respective leg is spaced from the corner edge.
Wenn das Putzprofil mehrere Schenkel aufweist, ist es ferner bevorzugt, dass die Drahtstrukturen verschiedener Schenkel separat voneinander ausgebildet sind. Vorzugsweise ist bei einem Putzprofil mit mehreren Schenkeln kein Draht sowohl Teil der Drahtstruktur eines der Schenkel als auch zugleich Teil der Drahtstruktur eines anderen der Schenkel des Putzprofils. Insbesondere sind Schenkel beabstandet voneinander angeordnet. Dabei können die Schenkel über den Eckabschnitt miteinander verbunden sein.If the plaster profile has several legs, it is also preferred that the wire structures of different legs are formed separately from one another. In the case of a plaster profile with several legs, no wire is preferably both part of the wire structure of one of the legs and at the same time part of the wire structure of another of the legs of the plaster profile. In particular, legs are arranged at a distance from one another. The legs can be connected to one another via the corner section.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsform umfasst die Drahtstruktur zumindest zwei Drähte, die zumindest abschnittsweise parallel zur Längsrichtung oder zumindest zueinander ausgerichtet sind, sowie zumindest einen weiteren Draht, der die genannten zumindest zwei Drähte quer zu ihrer Ausrichtung verbindet. Sofern die genannten zumindest zwei Drähte nicht jeweils als Ganzes parallel zueinander ausgerichtet sind, verbindet der genannte zumindest eine weitere Draht vorzugsweise zueinander parallele Abschnitte dieser Drähte. Die genannten zwei Drähte können insbesondere einen zumindest abschnittsweise, vorzugsweise insgesamt, geraden Verlauf aufweisen. Sie können grundsätzlich aber auch bezüglich eines gebogenen Verlaufs parallel zueinander sein.According to one embodiment, the wire structure comprises at least two wires, which are at least partially parallel to the longitudinal direction or at least to one another are aligned, as well as at least one further wire that connects said at least two wires transversely to their alignment. If the aforementioned at least two wires are not each aligned parallel to one another as a whole, the aforementioned at least one further wire preferably connects sections of these wires that are parallel to one another. The two wires mentioned can in particular have a straight course, at least in sections, preferably as a whole. In principle, however, they can also be parallel to one another with regard to a curved course.
Wenn im Folgenden von den zwei Drähten bzw. von dem weiteren Draht die Rede ist, so sind jeweils die genannten zumindest zwei Drähte bzw. der genannte zumindest eine weitere Draht gemeint. Insbesondere sind die zwei Drähte und der weitere Draht nicht als eine Beschränkung der Anzahl auf genau zwei Drähte bzw. genau einen weiteren Draht zu verstehen, sondern es können jeweils auch mehr als die genannten zwei Drähte und als der genannte eine weitere Draht vorgesehen sein.When the following text refers to the two wires or the further wire, the at least two wires mentioned or the at least one further wire mentioned are meant in each case. In particular, the two wires and the further wire are not to be understood as a limitation of the number to exactly two wires or exactly one further wire, but rather more than the two wires mentioned and one further wire can be provided in each case.
Der weitere Draht verbindet die zwei Drähte quer, aber nicht unbedingt senkrecht zu deren jeweiliger Ausrichtung bzw. zur Längsrichtung. Der weitere Draht verbindet die zwei Drähte insbesondere insofern, als er einerseits unmittelbar mit dem einen der zwei Drähte und andererseits auch unmittelbar mit dem anderen der zwei Drähte verbunden ist. Diese Verbindung kann z.B. jeweils durch Verschweißen erfolgen oder dadurch, dass die Drähte durch Umbiegen miteinander verhakt sind oder dass ein Draht um den anderen gewickelt ist. Der weitere Draht muss hinsichtlich seiner Länge nicht auf das Verbinden der zwei Drähte beschränkt sein, sondern kann sich einseitig oder beidseitig noch darüber hinaus erstrecken und mit noch anderen Drähten unmittelbar verbunden sein.The further wire connects the two wires transversely, but not necessarily perpendicular to their respective orientation or to the longitudinal direction. The further wire connects the two wires in particular insofar as it is directly connected on the one hand to one of the two wires and on the other hand also directly to the other of the two wires. This connection can be made, for example, by welding or by hooking the wires together by bending them or by wrapping one wire around the other. The length of the further wire does not have to be limited to the connection of the two wires, but can extend beyond it on one side or on both sides and be directly connected to other wires.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform weist der genannte zumindest eine weitere Draht einen periodischen räumlichen Verlauf auf und verbindet die genannten zumindest zwei Drähte mehrfach miteinander. Z.B. kann der weitere Draht abwechselnd mit dem einen und mit dem anderen der zwei Drähte oder abwechselnd jeweils zweimal mit dem einen und zweimal mit dem anderen der zwei Drähte verbunden sein. Der periodische räumliche Verlauf kann insbesondere zumindest abschnittsweise sinusartig sein oder nach Art einer Dreiecksfunktion geformt sein. Bei dem periodischen räumlichen Verlauf können sich auch Abschnitte mit geradem Verlauf und Abschnitte mit gebogenem Verlauf regelmäßig abwechseln.According to a further embodiment, said at least one further wire has a periodic spatial profile and connects the said wire at least two wires multiple times together. For example, the further wire can be connected alternately to one and to the other of the two wires or alternately in each case twice to one and twice to the other of the two wires. The periodic spatial profile can in particular be sinusoidal at least in sections or shaped like a triangular function. In the periodic spatial course, sections with a straight course and sections with a curved course can regularly alternate.
Des Weiteren kann vorgesehen sein, dass die genannten zumindest zwei Drähte eine Ebene definieren, innerhalb deren sie verlaufen, wobei der genannte zumindest eine weitere Draht eine gegenüber der genannten Ebene parallelversetzte weitere Ebene definiert, innerhalb deren er verläuft. Dabei sind die genannten Ebenen nicht im mathematischen Sinn als unendlich dünn zu verstehen, sondern jeweils als eine ebene Schicht mit endlicher Dicke, die vorzugsweise zumindest im Wesentlichen dem jeweiligen Drahtdurchmesser entspricht. Insbesondere kann vorgesehen sein, dass alle Drähte einer jeweiligen Drahtstruktur zumindest im Wesentlichen - insbesondere mit Ausnahme von Bereichen, in denen Drähte aus unterschiedlichen Ebenen unmittelbar miteinander verbunden, z.B. verschweißt, sind - entweder nur in der einen oder nur in der anderen der beiden genannten Ebenen verlaufen. Durch die Drähte können auch mehr als zwei zueinander parallelversetzte Ebenen definiert werden, für die dann Entsprechendes gelten kann. Vorzugsweise umfasst jede Ebene zumindest zwei Drähte. Insbesondere umfasst zumindest eine Ebene zumindest drei Drähte.Furthermore, it can be provided that the said at least two wires define a plane within which they run, the said at least one further wire defining a further plane offset in parallel with respect to the said plane, within which it runs. The planes mentioned are not to be understood as infinitely thin in the mathematical sense, but rather as a planar layer with a finite thickness, which preferably corresponds at least essentially to the respective wire diameter. In particular, it can be provided that all wires of a respective wire structure are at least essentially - in particular with the exception of areas in which wires from different levels are directly connected to one another, e.g. welded - either only in one or only in the other of the two levels mentioned get lost. The wires can also be used to define more than two mutually offset planes, for which the same can then apply. Preferably each level comprises at least two wires. In particular, at least one level comprises at least three wires.
Die Drähte einer jeweiligen flächigen Drahtstruktur sind jedoch nicht zwangsläufig darauf beschränkt, jeweils nur in einer Ebene zu verlaufen. Insbesondere können die Drähte einer jeweiligen Drahtstruktur gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform auch miteinander verflochten oder verwoben sein. Dabei kann insbesondere vorgesehen sein, dass ein jeweiliger Draht die Ebene wechselt und/oder wechselweise über und unter anderen Drähten geführt wird.However, the wires of a respective flat wire structure are not necessarily restricted to only running in one plane. In particular, according to a further embodiment, the wires of a respective wire structure can also be braided or interwoven with one another. It can be provided in particular that a respective wire changes level and / or is alternately guided over and under other wires.
Die Drähte einer jeweiligen flächigen Drahtstruktur können insbesondere insofern untereinander verbunden sein, als jeder Draht der Drahtstruktur mit jedem anderen Draht derselben Drahtstruktur indirekt über einen oder mehrere weitere Drähte derselben Drahtstruktur oder direkt verbunden ist. Grundsätzlich kann sich bereits durch die Geometrie der Drahtstruktur eine Verbindung der Drähte untereinander ergeben, beispielsweise durch Verschlingungen oder Verwicklungen. Vorzugsweise sind die Drähte jedoch nicht oder nicht nur formschlüssig, sondern, zumindest auch, stoffschlüssig untereinander verbunden. Insbesondere können die Drähte untereinander verschweißt sein. Grundsätzlich können die Drähte auch untereinander verlötet oder verklebt sein.The wires of a respective flat wire structure can in particular be connected to one another insofar as each wire of the wire structure is connected to every other wire of the same wire structure indirectly or directly via one or more additional wires of the same wire structure. In principle, the geometry of the wire structure can already result in a connection of the wires to one another, for example by twisting or tangling. Preferably, however, the wires are not or not only positively but, at least also, connected to one another with a material fit. In particular, the wires can be welded to one another. In principle, the wires can also be soldered or glued to one another.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist an der Eckkante des Eckabschnitts eine Abzugskante für ein Verputzen ausgebildet. In der einfachsten Form wird die Abzugskante direkt durch die Eckkante gebildet. Sie kann aber auch durch eine an der Eckkante ausgebildete Struktur gebildet werden, z.B. durch einen Steg, der sich entlang der Eckkante erstreckt und insbesondere in Richtung einer Winkelhalbierenden des durch das Umbiegen des Eckabschnitts an der Eckkante gebildeten Winkels ausgerichtet sein kann. An der vorstehenden Randkante eines solchen Stegs kann dieser zudem eine verstärkende Struktur aufweisen.According to a further embodiment, a pull-off edge for plastering is formed on the corner edge of the corner section. In the simplest form, the pull-off edge is formed directly by the corner edge. However, it can also be formed by a structure formed on the corner edge, e.g. by a web that extends along the corner edge and in particular can be aligned in the direction of an angle bisector of the angle formed by the bending of the corner section at the corner edge. At the protruding edge of such a web, it can also have a reinforcing structure.
Des Weiteren kann gemäß einer Ausführungsform vorgesehen sein, dass das Putzprofil eine Abdeckung, insbesondere eine Kunststoffabdeckung, aufweist, welche den Eckabschnitt zumindest teilweise abdeckt. Insbesondere kann die Abdeckung zumindest die Eckkante und/oder eine daran ausgebildete Struktur, wie etwa den genannten Steg, abdecken. Die Abzugskante kann dann durch die Abdeckung gebildet werden.Furthermore, according to one embodiment, it can be provided that the plaster profile has a cover, in particular a plastic cover, which at least partially covers the corner section. In particular, the cover can cover at least the corner edge and / or a structure formed thereon, such as the mentioned web. The pull-off edge can then be formed by the cover.
Wie weiter oben bereits erläutert, ist an dem Putzprofil erfindungsgemäß ein Armierungsgewebe vorgesehen, das dadurch an einem jeweiligen Schenkel des Putzprofils befestigt ist, dass es zumindest teilweise in die Drahtstruktur eines jeweiligen Schenkels integriert ist. Dabei kann das Armierungsgewebe beispielsweise insofern in die Drahtstruktur integriert sein, als es zwischen Drähten der Drahtstruktur eingeklemmt ist, insbesondere in Bereichen von Schweißverbindungen zwischen den Drähten und/oder auch im Bereich einer Schweißverbindung zwischen der Drahtstruktur und dem Eckabschnitt. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann das Armierungsgewebe mit den Drähten auch verwoben sein. An dem Putzprofil können auch mehrere Armierungsgewebe vorgesehen sein, insbesondere an verschiedenen Schenkeln des Putzprofils jeweils ein Armierungsgewebe. Das Armierungsgewebe weist vorzugsweise eine Gitterstruktur aus mehreren, insbesondere senkrecht zueinander angeordneten, Fäden oder Strängen auf. Dabei bilden die Löcher der Gitterstruktur Maschen des Armierungsgewebes. Durch diese Maschen des Armierungsgewebes hindurch kann Putz dringen, so dass das Armierungsgewebe zu einer zuverlässigen Verankerung des Putzprofils im Putz beiträgt.As already explained above, according to the invention, a reinforcing fabric is provided on the plaster profile, which is thereby attached to a respective leg of the Plaster profile is attached that it is at least partially integrated into the wire structure of a respective leg. The reinforcement fabric can for example be integrated into the wire structure insofar as it is clamped between wires of the wire structure, in particular in areas of welded connections between the wires and / or also in the area of a welded connection between the wire structure and the corner section. Alternatively or in addition, the reinforcement fabric can also be interwoven with the wires. Several reinforcement fabrics can also be provided on the plaster profile, in particular one reinforcement fabric each on different legs of the plaster profile. The reinforcing fabric preferably has a lattice structure made up of several threads or strands, in particular those arranged perpendicularly to one another. The holes in the lattice structure form meshes of the reinforcement fabric. Plaster can penetrate through these meshes of the reinforcement fabric, so that the reinforcement fabric contributes to a reliable anchoring of the plaster profile in the plaster.
Wenn die Drahtstruktur zumindest zwei Drähte umfasst, die eine Ebene definieren, sowie zumindest einen weiteren Draht, der eine gegenüber der genannten Ebene parallelversetzte weitere Ebene definiert, kann das Armierungsgebewebe gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform zwischen diesen zwei Ebenen angeordnet sein. Drähte, die eine Ebene definieren, verlaufen dabei jeweils innerhalb dieser Ebene. Bei einer derartigen Ausführungsform kann das Armierungsgewebe zwischen zwei Ebenen der Drahtstruktur sozusagen eingebettet oder eingeklemmt sein. Dabei können Drähte aus verschiedenen Ebenen insbesondere an Kreuzungspunkten fest miteinander verbunden, z.B. miteinander verschweißt sein. Eine gesonderte Befestigung des Armierungsgewebes an der Drahtstruktur kann dann überflüssig sein, da es bereits hinreichend durch die Klemmwirkung und/oder dadurch befestigt sein kann, dass Drähte aus verschiedenen Ebenen der Drahtstruktur durch Maschen des Armierungsgewebes hindurch miteinander verbunden sind.If the wire structure comprises at least two wires that define a plane, as well as at least one further wire that defines a further plane offset parallel to said plane, the reinforcing fabric can be arranged between these two planes according to a further embodiment. Wires that define a plane run within this plane. In such an embodiment, the reinforcing fabric can, so to speak, be embedded or clamped between two planes of the wire structure. In this case, wires from different levels can be firmly connected to one another, for example welded to one another, in particular at crossing points. A separate attachment of the reinforcement fabric to the wire structure can then be superfluous, since it can already be sufficiently attached by the clamping effect and / or by the fact that wires from different levels of the wire structure are connected to one another through meshes of the reinforcement fabric.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend lediglich beispielhaft unter Bezugnahme auf die Figuren weiter erläutert.
- Fig. 1
- zeigt einen Ausschnitt eines nicht beanspruchten Putzprofils in einer perspektivischen Darstellung.
- Fig. 2
- zeigt denselben Ausschnitt desselben nicht beanspruchten Putzprofils wie
Fig. 1 in einer Ansicht von der Seite. - Fig. 3
- zeigt einen Querschnitt durch das in
Fig. 1 gezeigte nicht beanspruchte Putzprofil sowie durch einen Eckbereich eines Bauelements, an dem das Putzprofil angeordnet ist. - Fig.4
- zeigt einen Ausschnitt eines weiteren nicht beanspruchten Putzprofils in einer perspektivischen Darstellung.
- Fig. 5
- zeigt einen Querschnitt durch das in
Fig. 4 gezeigte nicht beanspruchte Putzprofil. - Fig. 6
- zeigt einen Ausschnitt aus einer Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Putzprofils in einer perspektivischen Darstellung.
- Fig. 7
- zeigt einen Querschnitt durch das in
Fig. 6 gezeigte nicht beanspruchte Putzprofil. - Fig. 8
- zeigt einen Ausschnitt einer nicht beanspruchten alternativen Ausbildung eines Putzprofils mit Drahtstruktur und Armierungsgewebe.
- Fig. 9
- zeigt einen Querschnitt durch das in
Fig. 8 gezeigte nicht beanspruchte Putzprofil.
- Fig. 1
- shows a section of an unclaimed plaster profile in a perspective view.
- Fig. 2
- shows the same section of the same unclaimed plaster profile as
Fig. 1 in a side view. - Fig. 3
- shows a cross-section through the in
Fig. 1 Plaster profile shown and not claimed as well as by a corner region of a component on which the plaster profile is arranged. - Fig. 4
- shows a section of a further plaster profile not claimed in a perspective illustration.
- Fig. 5
- shows a cross-section through the in
Fig. 4 Unused plaster profile shown. - Fig. 6
- shows a detail from an embodiment of a plaster profile according to the invention in a perspective view.
- Fig. 7
- shows a cross-section through the in
Fig. 6 Unused plaster profile shown. - Fig. 8
- shows a section of an alternative construction, which is not claimed, of a plaster profile with a wire structure and reinforcing fabric.
- Fig. 9
- shows a cross-section through the in
Fig. 8 Unused plaster profile shown.
Die in den Figuren gezeigten Putzprofile 11 erstrecken sich in Längsrichtung L, wobei in den
Das in den
Das Putzprofil 11 umfasst ferner zwei Schenkel 19, die sich jeweils an den Eckabschnitt 13, nämlich an einen jeweiligen parallel zur Eckkante 15 verlaufenden Rand des Eckabschnitts 13, anschließen und dabei an dem jeweiligen Rand mit dem Eckabschnitt 13 fest verbunden sind. Die Schenkel 19 sind jeweils zu dem jeweiligen Flächenabschnitt, der durch den jeweiligen Rand und die dazu nächstliegende Kante 17 begrenzt wird, parallel ausgerichtet, so dass sie ihn flächig fortsetzen.The
Die Schenkel 19 werden jeweils durch eine Drahtstruktur gebildet, die drei zur Längsrichtung L parallel verlaufende Drähte 21 umfasst, die regelmäßig voneinander beabstandet sind. Der Rand des Eckabschnitts 13, an dem die Drahtstruktur befestigt ist, ist von dem ihm nächsten dieser Drähte 21 in entsprechender Weise beabstandet. Die zur Längsrichtung L parallelen Drähte 21 liegen in einer Ebene und werden durch einen weiteren Draht 23 untereinander verbunden, der einen periodischen räumlichen Verlauf innerhalb einer zu der genannten Ebene parallelversetzen weiteren Ebene aufweist. Die Drahtstruktur liegt dabei insgesamt vollständig innerhalb dieser beiden Ebenen, durch die somit die flächige Ausbildung des Schenkels definiert wird.The
Der Verlauf des weiteren Drahtes 23 ist sinusförmig. Dadurch kreuzt der weitere Draht 23 die zur Längsrichtung L parallelen Drähte 21 mehrfach in regelmäßiger Abfolge, wobei er an den Kreuzungspunkten mit dem jeweiligen Draht 21 verschweißt ist. Die Scheitelpunkte der Sinusform des weiteren Drahtes 23 definieren die Ränder des jeweiligen Schenkels 19 bezüglich dessen Breite quer zur Längsrichtung L. Mit einem dieser Ränder ist der jeweilige Schenkel 19 mit einem jeweiligen Rand des Eckabschnitts 13 verbunden. Dazu ist jeder zweite Scheitelpunkt der Sinusform des weiteren Drahtes 23 am jeweiligen Rand des Eckabschnitts 13 mit diesem verschweißt.The course of the
Die beiden Schenkel 19 sind in einem Winkel von etwa 60° zueinander ausgerichtet. Dadurch steht die Eckkante 15 bei einer Anordnung des Putzprofils 11 an einem Eckbereich eines Bauelements 25, an dem zwei Flächen des Bauelements 25 senkrecht aufeinandertreffen, von diesem Eckbereich vor (vgl.
Aufgrund der Drahtstrukturen, aus denen die Schenkel 19 gebildet sind, kann Putz einfach durch die Schenkel 19 dringen und den Bereich zwischen dem Putzprofil 11 und dem Bauteil 25 weitgehend ausfüllen. Zudem werden die Schenkel 19 des Putzprofils 11 dabei vom Putz so umgeben, dass eine gute Verkrallung des Putzes mit dem Putzprofil 11 gewährleistet ist. Der Eckabschnitt 13 dagegen umfasst keine Drahtstruktur, sondern ist aus einem zumindest bereichsweise geschlossenen Blechstreifen gebildet. Durch diesen wird im Bereich der Eckkante 15 eine glatte und präzise geformte Ecke definiert, die eine zuverlässige Referenz für das Verputzen des Eckbereichs des Bauteils 25 bereitstellt.Due to the wire structures from which the
Das in den
Die in den
Das Armierungsgewebe 27 ist bei der in den
Das in den
Zusätzlich weist der Eckabschnitt 13 eine Abdeckung 29 in Form einer Eckleiste auf, die an der Eckkante 15 auf die Drahtstruktur aufgesetzt ist. Die Abdeckung 29 ist aus Kunststoff, kann aber auch aus Metall oder einem Verbundmaterial gebildet sein, und dient dazu, die Eckkante 15 zu verstärken sowie präzise zu definieren. Insbesondere kann durch die Abdeckung 29 eine Abzugskante für das Verputzen des Putzprofils 11 bereitgestellt werden.In addition, the
Das Armierungsgewebe 27 ist wie bei der vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Putzprofils 11 in die Drahtstruktur dadurch integriert, dass es zwischen zwei Lagen der Drahtstruktur gefangen ist. Im vorliegenden Fall werden die beiden Lagen aber jeweils nicht lediglich durch einen, sondern durch mehrere Drähte 21 bzw. mehrere weitere Drähte 23 gebildet, die jeweils eine erste bzw. zweite Ebene der Drahtstruktur definieren. Die Drähte 21 der einen Lage sind dabei parallel zur Längsrichtung L ausgerichtet, während die weiteren Drähte 23 der weiteren Lage einen sinusartigen periodischen Verlauf aufweisen und einander teilweise überkreuzen.As in the above-described embodiment of a
Die jeweilige Drahtstruktur mit integriertem Armierungsgewebe 27 wird hergestellt, indem zunächst die Drähte 21 zueinander in einer ersten Ebene angeordnet werden, so dass sie eine erste Lage der Drahtstruktur bilden; danach das Armierungsgewebe 27 parallel zu der ersten Ebene daran angeordnet, z.B. darauf aufgelegt, wird; und anschließend die weiteren Drähte 23 auf der den Drähten der ersten Lage entgegengesetzten Seite des Armierungsgewebes 27 an diesem angeordnet, z.B. darauf aufgelegt, werden, so dass sie in einer zweiten Ebene liegen und auf diese Weise eine zweite Lage der Drahtstruktur bilden. Schließlich werden die Drähte 21 der ersten Lage mit den weiteren Drähten 23 der zweiten Lage durch das Armierungsgewebe 27 hindurch verbunden, insbesondere verschweißt. Die Lagen und das dazwischen angeordnete Armierungsgewebe 27 sind dabei parallel zueinander ausgerichtet. Dabei kann die Drahtstruktur auch mehr als zwei Lagen aufweisen, die jeweils in entsprechender Weise gebildet sein können. Die Lagen können jeweils auch lediglich einen einzelnen Draht 21, 23 umfassen, wobei der Verlauf dieses Drahtes 21, 23 dann (so wie z.B. der vorstehend genannte sinusartige Verlauf) Richtungsanteile in zwei Raumdimensionen aufweist und auf diese Weise die der jeweiligen Lage entsprechende Ebene definiert.The respective wire structure with
Eine auf die beschriebene Weise zur Verwendung in einem Putzprofil oder einem sonstigen Bauprofil hergestellte Drahtstruktur ist zunächst flach und eben, kann aber anschließend erforderlichenfalls, insbesondere durch Umbiegen, in eine gewünschte Form gebracht werden. Die in den
- 1111
- PutzprofilPlaster profile
- 1313th
- EckabschnittCorner section
- 1515th
- EckkanteCorner edge
- 1717th
- weitere Kantefurther edge
- 1919th
- Schenkelleg
- 2121st
- Drahtwire
- 2323
- weiterer Drahtanother wire
- 2525th
- BauelementComponent
- 2727
- ArmierungsgewebeReinforcement mesh
- 2929
- Abdeckungcover
- LL.
- LängsrichtungLongitudinal direction
Claims (11)
- A plaster profile (11), which extends in a longitudinal direction (L), comprising a corner portion (13) and at least one limb (19) which adjoins the corner portion (13) transversely to the longitudinal direction (L), wherein the corner portion (13) comprises a flat, at least regionally closed strip which is bent over along a corner edge (15) aligned in parallel with the longitudinal direction (L), and
wherein the at least one limb (19) comprises an areal wire structure of wires (21, 23) connected to one another,
characterized in that
at least one reinforcement fabric (27) is provided at the plaster profile (11), said reinforcement fabric (27) being partly integrated into the wire structure of a respective limb (19) and projecting over the respective limb (19) in a direction facing away from the corner portion (13). - A plaster profile in accordance with claim 1,
wherein the plaster profile (11) has two limbs (19) which adjoin the corner portion (13) at opposite margins of the corner portion (13). - A plaster profile in accordance with claim 1 or claim 2,
wherein the wire structure does not extend beyond the corner edge (15). - A plaster profile in accordance with at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the plaster profile (11) has a plurality of limbs (19) and the wire structures of different limbs (19) are formed separately from one another.
- A plaster profile in accordance with at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the wire structure comprises at least two wires (21), which are at least sectionally aligned in parallel with the longitudinal direction (L) or are at least aligned in parallel with one another, and at least one further wire (23) which connects said at least two wires (21) transversely to their alignment.
- A plaster profile in accordance with claim 5,
wherein said at least one further wire (23) has a periodic spatial course and connects said at least two wires (21) to one another a multiple of times. - A plaster profile in accordance with claim 5 or claim 6,
wherein said at least two wires (21) define a plane within which they extend, and wherein said at least one further wire (23) defines a further plane which is offset in parallel with respect to said plane and within which said at least one further wire (23) extends. - A plaster profile in accordance with at least one of the claims 1 to 6,
wherein the wires (21, 23) are entwined or interwoven with one another. - A plaster profile in accordance with at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the wires (21, 23) are welded to one another.
- A plaster profile in accordance with at least one of the preceding claims, wherein a removal edge for a plastering is formed at the corner edge (15) of the corner portion (13).
- A plaster profile in accordance with at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the plaster profile (11) has a cover (29), in particular a plastic cover, which at least partly covers the corner portion (13).
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP21166405.7A EP3868973A1 (en) | 2018-10-08 | 2019-09-17 | Plaster profile |
PL19197825T PL3636851T3 (en) | 2018-10-08 | 2019-09-17 | Plaster profile |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102018124774 | 2018-10-08 |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP21166405.7A Division-Into EP3868973A1 (en) | 2018-10-08 | 2019-09-17 | Plaster profile |
EP21166405.7A Division EP3868973A1 (en) | 2018-10-08 | 2019-09-17 | Plaster profile |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3636851A1 EP3636851A1 (en) | 2020-04-15 |
EP3636851B1 true EP3636851B1 (en) | 2021-07-28 |
Family
ID=67997984
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP21166405.7A Withdrawn EP3868973A1 (en) | 2018-10-08 | 2019-09-17 | Plaster profile |
EP19197825.3A Active EP3636851B1 (en) | 2018-10-08 | 2019-09-17 | Plaster profile |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP21166405.7A Withdrawn EP3868973A1 (en) | 2018-10-08 | 2019-09-17 | Plaster profile |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP3868973A1 (en) |
PL (1) | PL3636851T3 (en) |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE7923703U1 (en) * | 1979-08-20 | 1979-11-15 | Metal Deploye Belge S.A., Sclessin- Ougree (Belgien) | PLASTER EDGE RAIL |
DE8302657U1 (en) * | 1983-02-01 | 1983-07-14 | Synteen Gewebe Technik GmbH, 7895 Klettgau | CORKING FOR PLASTER |
DE8317640U1 (en) * | 1983-06-15 | 1984-02-09 | Montenovo-Werke Hans Heitmann KG, 5950 Finnentrop | EDGE PROTECTION ANGLE |
DE3621235A1 (en) * | 1986-06-25 | 1988-01-07 | Maisch F Protektorwerk | Edge guard angle consisting of flexible mesh-type fabric |
US5442886A (en) * | 1993-12-20 | 1995-08-22 | Iacobelli; Luigi | Prefabricated corner bead |
DE9421656U1 (en) * | 1993-12-21 | 1996-04-25 | Weroform Profile GmbH & Co. KG, 74564 Crailsheim | Edge protection straightening angle |
GB2292582B (en) * | 1994-08-25 | 1997-08-27 | Trimtec Ltd | Render or plaster profile |
DE29602293U1 (en) * | 1996-02-12 | 1996-05-09 | Protektorwerk Florenz Maisch GmbH & Co KG, 76571 Gaggenau | Corner protection bracket |
BE1012973A3 (en) * | 1998-03-04 | 2001-07-03 | Bekaert Sa Nv | Thread for style plaster. |
DE20113846U1 (en) * | 2001-08-17 | 2001-11-29 | Lorentz, Karl-Heinz, 66333 Völklingen | Plaster profiles |
US20070119106A1 (en) * | 2005-11-25 | 2007-05-31 | Sacks Abraham J | Wire corner bead for stucco |
-
2019
- 2019-09-17 PL PL19197825T patent/PL3636851T3/en unknown
- 2019-09-17 EP EP21166405.7A patent/EP3868973A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2019-09-17 EP EP19197825.3A patent/EP3636851B1/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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PL3636851T3 (en) | 2021-12-20 |
EP3636851A1 (en) | 2020-04-15 |
EP3868973A1 (en) | 2021-08-25 |
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