EP3635180A1 - Launching method - Google Patents

Launching method

Info

Publication number
EP3635180A1
EP3635180A1 EP18737658.7A EP18737658A EP3635180A1 EP 3635180 A1 EP3635180 A1 EP 3635180A1 EP 18737658 A EP18737658 A EP 18737658A EP 3635180 A1 EP3635180 A1 EP 3635180A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pontoon
water
launching
lowering
support
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP18737658.7A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3635180B1 (en
Inventor
Thomas CHOISNET
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IDEOL
Original Assignee
IDEOL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by IDEOL filed Critical IDEOL
Priority to PL18737658T priority Critical patent/PL3635180T3/en
Priority to HRP20220395TT priority patent/HRP20220395T1/en
Publication of EP3635180A1 publication Critical patent/EP3635180A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3635180B1 publication Critical patent/EP3635180B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/02—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto
    • E02B17/021—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto with relative movement between supporting construction and platform
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63C—LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
    • B63C1/00—Dry-docking of vessels or flying-boats
    • B63C1/02—Floating docks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F3/00—Devices, e.g. jacks, adapted for uninterrupted lifting of loads
    • B66F3/24—Devices, e.g. jacks, adapted for uninterrupted lifting of loads fluid-pressure operated

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of shipbuilding and more specifically that of launching structures intended to float in water.
  • Launching is a critical step after the construction or repair, on a dry foot, of a structure intended to float in the water, such as for example a ship or a floating platform. This transition from a solid support on dry land to a waterline must normally be managed accurately to avoid damage to the structure being launched.
  • the person skilled in the art thus knows, for example, launching from an inclined plane, as described in Japanese patent application publication JP S55-59226, the vertical launching using cranes or lifts, such as described in publications KR 2009 0011697, KR 10 0642343, FR 1 385 516, SG 181 576 or US 7,419,329, and the launching in flood-proofed dry dock.
  • these methods generally require heavy, expensive and relatively infrequent infrastructures.
  • Al have disclosed methods for launching a floating platform that may include the steps of loading the platform on a pontoon floating in the water, underwater support pillars of support attached to the platform, while it rests on the pontoon floating in the water, lifting the platform on the supporting pillars, removing the pontoon and lowering the platform, supported again by the support pillars, until the platform floats in the water.
  • the present disclosure aims to remedy these drawbacks, notably by proposing a method of launching a structure intended to float in water, which makes it possible to overcome local conditions, as well as powerful lifting means. .
  • this method which can in particular comprise the steps of loading the structure on a pontoon floating in the water, placed in abutment under water.
  • at least one support pillar connected to the structure, while the structure rests on the pontoon floating in the water, withdrawal of the pontoon while the structure is supported by the at least one support pillar bearing support under the water, and lowering the structure, further supported by the at least one supporting pillar, until the structure floats in the water, may further comprise a step of lowering the pontoon, vertically separating the pontoon from the structure, while the structure is supported by the at least one support pillar bearing underwater and before the step of withdrawal of the pontoon.
  • At least one support pillar can be removably connected to the structure, and the method then also comprises a step of separating the at least one supporting pillar from the structure once the structure floats in the water. It may thus be possible to reuse the at least one support pillar for launching other structures.
  • the at least one support pillar can be connected to the structure through a location for securing anchor line on the structure. Thus, this location may offer dual use, for launching and subsequent anchoring of the structure after launching.
  • the method may also comprise a step of connecting the at least one support pillar to the structure before the underwater support of the at least one support pillar.
  • the pontoon can be lowered relative to its waterline during the lowering step of the pontoon.
  • the pontoon may be ballasted to perform the lowering step of the pontoon.
  • the water level will drop during the lowering step of the pontoon.
  • the water level can be lowered by the tide during the lowering of the pontoon. It is thus possible to make use of the natural phenomenon of the tides, rather than complex devices or installations, to vertically separate the pontoon from the structure supported by the at least one supporting pillar, so as to allow its subsequent withdrawal.
  • a hydraulic cylinder and / or mechanical vertical actuation can be interposed between the least one support pillar and the structure to thereby actuate a relative vertical displacement of the support pillar relative to the structure.
  • the structure may be a floating platform, such as for example a floating drilling or exploration platform or a floating platform for operating renewable energies with at least one wind turbine or tidal turbine.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a first step of a launching method according to one aspect of the disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a second step of the same launching method
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a third step of the same launching method
  • FIG. 4A is a schematic illustration of a fourth step of the same launching method, according to a first option
  • FIG. 4B is a schematic illustration of the fourth step of the same launching method, according to a second option
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a fifth step of the same launching method
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a sixth step of the same launching method
  • FIG. 7A is a schematic illustration of a seventh step of the same launching method, according to a first option
  • FIG. 7B is a schematic illustration of the seventh step of the same launching method, according to a second option;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of an eighth step of the same launching method;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of a structure anchored offshore after being launched according to the aforementioned method;
  • Figure 10A schematically illustrates a jack for use in the above-mentioned method.
  • FIG. 10B schematically illustrates an alternative cylinder for use in the aforementioned method.
  • FIGS. 1 to 8 The steps of a method of launching a structure 1 according to one aspect of the present disclosure are illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 8.
  • Structure 1 may be, as in the illustrated example. , a floating platform like the one disclosed in FR 2 970 696 B1, but could alternatively be for example a ship. It may have been assembled and / or built on site, for example from prefabricated modules elsewhere and transported on site.
  • a first step illustrated in Figure 1 one can proceed to the loading of the structure 1 on a pontoon 10. Its loading can proceed, as illustrated, on wheels or rollers 11, possibly placed on rails.
  • a loading surface 12 of the pontoon 10 can be at substantially the same level, in this first step, as the surface 13 of the ground at the adjacent shore 14, from which the structure 1 is loaded.
  • support pillars 2 can be connected to the structure 1 by fasteners 3, which can be removably attached to, for example, locations 5 for fixing anchor lines on this structure 1.
  • the support pillars 2 may be movable at least vertically with respect to the fasteners 3.
  • cylinders 4 may be interposed between the fasteners 3 and the fasteners 3. support pillars 2.
  • the cylinders 4 may be hydraulic cylinders, and in particular water cylinders, as illustrated for example in FIG.
  • the cylinders 4 may be mechanical cylinders, each comprising for example, as illustrated in Figure 10B, one or more pinions 45, associated with one of the attachment 3 and the support pillar 2, and a rack 46, associated with the other of the attachment 3 and the support pillar 2.
  • the pinions 45 can be coupled to at least one motor 47 and a brake 48 to respectively actuate or brake or even block relative vertical movement of the pillar support 2 relative to the attachment.
  • a third step illustrated in FIG. 3, it is possible to lower the support pillars 2 until they rest under the water 15 on the seabed 16.
  • This lowering can be simply driven by gravity, or actuated by the cylinders 4, but in any case its speed can be restricted through these cylinders 4.
  • their relative position relative to the fasteners 3 and therefore with respect to the structure 1 can be fixed, for example by locking the cylinders 4, so that the support of the support pillars 2 under water 15 can support the structure 1.
  • the pontoon 10 can be lowered under the structure 1, now supported, through the fasteners 3, by the supporting pillars 2 resting under the water 15, so as to vertically distance the pontoon 10 of the structure .
  • the pontoon 10 can be lowered relative to its water line 17. This can be done for example by ballasting the pontoon 10, with solid ballast or liquid, so as to increase its displacement.
  • the level of the water 15 descends, so as to lower the pontoon 10 even if its level relative to its water line 17 is maintained.
  • This lowering of the water level can be achieved by a set of locks, but also, in a simpler way and without resorting to particular infrastructures, it can be the effect of the tides: the support pillars 2 could therefore be lowered and support under water 15 during high tide, and the pontoon 10 down and depart vertically from the structure 1 because of low tide.
  • the support pillars 2 could therefore be lowered and support under water 15 during high tide, and the pontoon 10 down and depart vertically from the structure 1 because of low tide.
  • these two aspects are not mutually exclusive, and it would also be possible to combine them, for example by ballasting the pontoon 10 to increase its descent because of the tide.
  • the fasteners 3 can be detached from the structure 1, and the support pillars 2 and be separated from the structure 1.
  • the structure 1 and can float freely in the water, and be moved, for example by towing, to the open sea, where it can be anchored by anchor lines 20 fixed on the anchor line fixing locations 5, as in the example illustrated in FIG. 9.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Foundations (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the naval field and in particular to a method for launching a structure (1) intended to float in water (15). This method comprises loading the structure (1) onto a pontoon (10) floating in the water, the bearing placement below the water (15) of at least one prop (2) connected to the structure (1) while the structure (1) rests on the pontoon (10) floating in the water (15), lowering the pontoon (10), with disengagement of the pontoon (10) vertically from the structure (1) and its subsequent removal while the structure (1) is supported by the at least one prop (2) bearing below the water (15), and lowering the structure (1), which is still supported by the at least one prop (2), until the structure (1) floats in the water (15).

Description

PROCEDE DE MISE A L'EAU  METHOD FOR LAUNCHING
Arrière-plan de l'invention La présente divulgation concerne le domaine de la construction navale et plus spécifiquement celui de la mise à l'eau de structures destinées à flotter dans l'eau. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present disclosure relates to the field of shipbuilding and more specifically that of launching structures intended to float in water.
La mise à l'eau est une étape critique après la construction ou réparation, à pied sec, d'une structure destinée à flotter dans l'eau, comme par exemple un navire ou une plateforme flottante. Cette transition d'un support solide sur terre ferme vers une flottaison dans l'eau doit normalement être gérée avec précision pour éviter des dommages sur la structure mise à l'eau. La personne du métier connaît ainsi par exemple le lancement à partir d'un plan incliné, comme décrit dans la publication de demande de brevet japonais JP S55-59226, la mise à l'eau verticale à l'aide de grues ou ascenseurs, comme décrit dans les publications KR 2009 0011697, KR 10 0642343, FR 1 385 516, SG 181 576 ou US 7 419 329, et la mise à l'eau en cale sèche inondable. Ces procédés requièrent toutefois généralement des infrastructures lourdes, coûteuses et relativement peu fréquentes. Une autre alternative connue de la personne du métier est celle de l'immersion sur une barge submersible, telle que décrite par exemple dans les publications JP S62-152996 ou US 4 276 849. Toutefois, à part l'utilisation d'une telle barge submersible, équipement complexe et coûteux, cette autre alternative requiert aussi une profondeur d'eau suffisante pour permettre l'immersion de la barge à l'endroit de la mise à l'eau. Or, au moins dans certaines circonstances, il peut être souhaitable de s'affranchir au moins partiellement de telles contraintes locales. Par exemple, un tel affranchissement des contraintes locales, en matière d'infrastructure ou profondeur d'eau peut permettre de réduire la distance de remorquage de structures flottantes destinées à être ancrées en mer, entre l'emplacement de leur construction et mise à l'eau, et leur emplacement final. Les certificats d'inventeur soviétique SU 1030299 A et SU 1273293Launching is a critical step after the construction or repair, on a dry foot, of a structure intended to float in the water, such as for example a ship or a floating platform. This transition from a solid support on dry land to a waterline must normally be managed accurately to avoid damage to the structure being launched. The person skilled in the art thus knows, for example, launching from an inclined plane, as described in Japanese patent application publication JP S55-59226, the vertical launching using cranes or lifts, such as described in publications KR 2009 0011697, KR 10 0642343, FR 1 385 516, SG 181 576 or US 7,419,329, and the launching in flood-proofed dry dock. However, these methods generally require heavy, expensive and relatively infrequent infrastructures. Another alternative known to those skilled in the art is that of immersion in a submersible barge, as described for example in publications JP S62-152996 or US 4,276,849. However, apart from the use of such a barge submersible, complex and expensive equipment, this alternative also requires a sufficient water depth to allow immersion of the barge at the place of launching. However, at least in certain circumstances, it may be desirable to overcome at least partially such local constraints. For example, such freedom from local constraints in terms of infrastructure or water depth may reduce the towing distance of floating structures intended to be anchored at sea, between the location of their construction and implementation. water, and their final location. The Soviet inventor certificates SU 1030299 A and SU 1273293
Al ont divulgué des procédés pour la mise à l'eau d'une plateforme flottante pouvant comporter les étapes de chargement de la plateforme sur un ponton flottant dans l'eau, mise en appui sous l'eau de piliers de support reliés à la plateforme, pendant que celle-ci repose sur le ponton flottant dans l'eau, levage de la plateforme sur les piliers de support, retrait du ponton et abaissement de la plateforme, soutenue encore par les piliers de support, jusqu'à ce que la plateforme flotte dans l'eau. Al have disclosed methods for launching a floating platform that may include the steps of loading the platform on a pontoon floating in the water, underwater support pillars of support attached to the platform, while it rests on the pontoon floating in the water, lifting the platform on the supporting pillars, removing the pontoon and lowering the platform, supported again by the support pillars, until the platform floats in the water.
Ces procédés requièrent toutefois encore des infrastructures locales relativement lourdes, notamment un support sous-marin pour soutenir le ponton lors du chargement de la plateforme, ainsi que des moyens de levage puissants pour lever la plateforme sur les piliers de support afin de permettre le retrait du ponton. However, these processes still require relatively heavy local infrastructure, including an underwater support to support the pontoon when loading the platform, as well as powerful lifting means to lift the platform on the support pillars to allow the withdrawal of the platform. pontoon.
Objet et résumé de l'invention Object and summary of the invention
La présente divulgation vise à remédier à ces inconvénients, en proposant notamment un procédé de mise à l'eau d'une structure destinée à flotter dans l'eau, qui permette de s'affranchir des conditions locales, ainsi que de moyens de levage puissants. The present disclosure aims to remedy these drawbacks, notably by proposing a method of launching a structure intended to float in water, which makes it possible to overcome local conditions, as well as powerful lifting means. .
Ce but est atteint grâce au fait que, suivant au moins un premier aspect de cette divulgation, ce procédé, qui peut notamment comprendre les étapes de chargement de la structure sur un ponton flottant dans l'eau, mise en appui sous l'eau d'au moins un pilier de support, relié à la structure, pendant que la structure repose sur le ponton flottant dans l'eau, retrait du ponton pendant que la structure est soutenue par l'au moins un pilier de support prenant appui sous l'eau, et abaissement de la structure, soutenue encore par l'au moins un pilier de support, jusqu'à ce que la structure flotte dans l'eau, peut comprendre en outre une étape d'abaissement du ponton, séparant verticalement le ponton de la structure, pendant que la structure est soutenue par l'au moins un pilier de support prenant appui sous l'eau et avant l'étape de retrait du ponton. This object is achieved by virtue of the fact that, according to at least one first aspect of this disclosure, this method, which can in particular comprise the steps of loading the structure on a pontoon floating in the water, placed in abutment under water. at least one support pillar, connected to the structure, while the structure rests on the pontoon floating in the water, withdrawal of the pontoon while the structure is supported by the at least one support pillar bearing support under the water, and lowering the structure, further supported by the at least one supporting pillar, until the structure floats in the water, may further comprise a step of lowering the pontoon, vertically separating the pontoon from the structure, while the structure is supported by the at least one support pillar bearing underwater and before the step of withdrawal of the pontoon.
Grâce à ces dispositions, en abaissant le ponton, plutôt que soulever la plateforme, on peut s'affranchir tant des conditions locales comme de la nécessité de moyens de levage puissants pour séparer verticalement le ponton de la plateforme et permettre ainsi le retrait du ponton. Suivant au moins un aspect supplémentaire, Tau moins un pilier de support peut être relié de manière amovible à la structure, et le procédé comporter alors aussi une étape de séparation de l'au moins un pilier de support de la structure une fois que la structure flotte dans l'eau. Il peut ainsi être possible de réutiliser l'au moins un pilier de support pour la mise à l'eau d'autres structures. Par ailleurs, l'au moins un pilier de support peut être relié à la structure à travers un emplacement pour fixation de ligne d'ancrage sur la structure. Ainsi, cet emplacement peut offrir un double usage, pour la mise en l'eau et pour l'ancrage subséquent de la structure après sa mise à l'eau. Thanks to these provisions, by lowering the pontoon, rather than lifting the platform, it is possible to overcome both local conditions and the need for powerful lifting means to vertically separate the pontoon platform and allow the removal of the pontoon. According to at least one additional aspect, at least one support pillar can be removably connected to the structure, and the method then also comprises a step of separating the at least one supporting pillar from the structure once the structure floats in the water. It may thus be possible to reuse the at least one support pillar for launching other structures. Furthermore, the at least one support pillar can be connected to the structure through a location for securing anchor line on the structure. Thus, this location may offer dual use, for launching and subsequent anchoring of the structure after launching.
Suivant au moins un autre aspect supplémentaire, le procédé peut comprendre aussi une étape de connexion de l'au moins un pilier de support à la structure avant la mise en appui sous l'eau de l'au moins un pilier de support. According to at least one further aspect, the method may also comprise a step of connecting the at least one support pillar to the structure before the underwater support of the at least one support pillar.
Suivant encore un autre aspect, le ponton peut être abaissé par rapport à sa ligne de flottaison lors de l'étape d'abaissement du ponton. En particulier, le ponton peut être ballasté pour effectuer l'étape d'abaissement du ponton. En abaissant ainsi le ponton dans l'eau, on peut facilement écarter verticalement le ponton de la structure soutenue par l'au moins un pilier de support, pour autant que le ponton ne repose pas déjà directement sur le fond de l'eau, afin de permettre le retrait subséquent du ponton. In yet another aspect, the pontoon can be lowered relative to its waterline during the lowering step of the pontoon. In particular, the pontoon may be ballasted to perform the lowering step of the pontoon. By thus lowering the pontoon in the water, the pontoon of the structure supported by the at least one supporting pillar can be moved vertically vertically, provided that the pontoon does not already rest directly on the bottom of the water, so that to allow the subsequent removal of the pontoon.
Toutefois, alternativement ou en complément à cet abaissement du ponton par rapport à sa ligne de flottaison, il est également envisageable que le niveau de l'eau descende pendant l'étape d'abaissement du ponton. En particulier, le niveau de l'eau peut être abaissé par la marée pendant l'abaissement du ponton. On peut ainsi faire usage du phénomène naturel des marées, plutôt que de dispositifs ou installations complexes, pour écarter verticalement le ponton de la structure soutenue par l'au moins un pilier de support, de manière à permettre son retrait subséquent. Suivant encore un autre aspect supplémentaire, un vérin hydraulique et/ou mécanique d'actionnement vertical peut être interposé entre l'au moins un pilier de support et la structure pour ainsi actionner un déplacement vertical relatif du pilier de support par rapport à la structure. However, alternatively or in addition to this lowering of the pontoon relative to its waterline, it is also conceivable that the water level will drop during the lowering step of the pontoon. In particular, the water level can be lowered by the tide during the lowering of the pontoon. It is thus possible to make use of the natural phenomenon of the tides, rather than complex devices or installations, to vertically separate the pontoon from the structure supported by the at least one supporting pillar, so as to allow its subsequent withdrawal. According to yet another additional aspect, a hydraulic cylinder and / or mechanical vertical actuation can be interposed between the least one support pillar and the structure to thereby actuate a relative vertical displacement of the support pillar relative to the structure.
Suivant encore un autre aspect supplémentaire, la structure peut être une plateforme flottante, telle que par exemple une plateforme flottante de forage ou d'exploration ou une plateforme flottante d'exploitation d'énergies renouvelables avec au moins une turbine éolienne ou hydrolienne. Brève description des dessins In yet another additional aspect, the structure may be a floating platform, such as for example a floating drilling or exploration platform or a floating platform for operating renewable energies with at least one wind turbine or tidal turbine. Brief description of the drawings
L'invention sera bien comprise et ses avantages apparaîtront mieux, à la lecture de la description détaillée qui suit, d'exemples de réalisation représentés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs. La description se réfère aux dessins annexés sur lesquels : The invention will be better understood and its advantages will appear better on reading the detailed description which follows, examples of embodiments shown by way of non-limiting examples. The description refers to the accompanying drawings in which:
- la figure 1 est une illustration schématique d'une première étape d'un procédé de mise à l'eau suivant un aspect de la divulgation ; - Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a first step of a launching method according to one aspect of the disclosure;
- la figure 2 est une illustration schématique d'une deuxième étape du même procédé de mise à l'eau ; FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a second step of the same launching method;
- la figure 3 est une illustration schématique d'une troisième étape du même procédé de mise à l'eau ;  FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a third step of the same launching method;
- la figure 4A est une illustration schématique d'une quatrième étape du même procédé de mise à l'eau, suivant une première option ;  FIG. 4A is a schematic illustration of a fourth step of the same launching method, according to a first option;
- la figure 4B est une illustration schématique de la quatrième étape du même procédé de mise à l'eau, suivant une deuxième option ; FIG. 4B is a schematic illustration of the fourth step of the same launching method, according to a second option;
- la figure 5 est une illustration schématique d'une cinquième étape du même procédé de mise à l'eau ; FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a fifth step of the same launching method;
- la figure 6 est une illustration schématique d'une sixième étape du même procédé de mise à l'eau ;  FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a sixth step of the same launching method;
- la figure 7A est une illustration schématique d'une septième étape du même procédé de mise à l'eau, suivant une première option ; FIG. 7A is a schematic illustration of a seventh step of the same launching method, according to a first option;
- la figure 7B est une illustration schématique de la septième étape du même procédé de mise à l'eau, suivant une deuxième option ; - la figure 8 est une illustration schématique d'une huitième étape du même procédé de mise à l'eau ; - la figure 9 est une illustration schématique d'une structure ancrée au large après sa mise à l'eau suivant le procédé susmentionné ;FIG. 7B is a schematic illustration of the seventh step of the same launching method, according to a second option; FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of an eighth step of the same launching method; FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of a structure anchored offshore after being launched according to the aforementioned method;
- la figure 10A illustre schématiquement un vérin destiné à être utilisé dans le procédé susmentionné ; et Figure 10A schematically illustrates a jack for use in the above-mentioned method; and
- la figure 10B illustre schématiquement un vérin alternatif destiné à être utilisé dans le procédé susmentionné.  - Figure 10B schematically illustrates an alternative cylinder for use in the aforementioned method.
Description détaillée de l'invention Les étapes d'un procédé de mise à l'eau d'une structure 1 suivant un aspect de la présente divulgation sont illustrées sur les figures 1 à 8 La structure 1 peut être, comme dans l'exemple illustré, une plateforme flottante comme celle divulguée dans FR 2 970 696 Bl, mais pourrait alternativement être par exemple un navire. Elle peut avoir été assemblée et/ou construite sur place, par exemple à partir de modules préfabriqués ailleurs et acheminés sur place. Dans une première étape illustrée sur la figure 1, on peut procéder au chargement de la structure 1 sur un ponton 10. Son chargement peut procéder, comme illustré, sur des roues ou rouleaux 11, éventuellement posés sur des rails. Pour cela, une surface de chargement 12 du ponton 10 peut être à sensiblement le même niveau, dans cette première étape, que la surface 13 du sol au rivage adjacent 14, à partir duquel la structure 1 est chargée. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The steps of a method of launching a structure 1 according to one aspect of the present disclosure are illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 8. Structure 1 may be, as in the illustrated example. , a floating platform like the one disclosed in FR 2 970 696 B1, but could alternatively be for example a ship. It may have been assembled and / or built on site, for example from prefabricated modules elsewhere and transported on site. In a first step illustrated in Figure 1, one can proceed to the loading of the structure 1 on a pontoon 10. Its loading can proceed, as illustrated, on wheels or rollers 11, possibly placed on rails. For this, a loading surface 12 of the pontoon 10 can be at substantially the same level, in this first step, as the surface 13 of the ground at the adjacent shore 14, from which the structure 1 is loaded.
Une fois que la structure 1 est chargée, on peut procéder, dans une deuxième étape illustrée sur la figure 2, à relier des piliers de support 2 à la structure 1. Alternativement, toutefois, la connexion des piliers de support 2 à la structure 1 pourrait être effectuée avant le chargement de la structure, avec les piliers de support 2 déjà installés, sur le ponton 10. Ces piliers de support 2 peuvent être reliés à la structure 1 par des fixations 3, qui peuvent être fixées de manière amovible sur, par exemple, des emplacements 5 pour fixation de lignes d'ancrage sur cette structure 1. Once the structure 1 is loaded, it is possible, in a second step illustrated in FIG. 2, to connect support pillars 2 to the structure 1. Alternatively, however, the connection of the support pillars 2 to the structure 1 could be performed before the loading of the structure, with the support pillars 2 already installed, on the pontoon 10. These support pillars 2 can be connected to the structure 1 by fasteners 3, which can be removably attached to, for example, locations 5 for fixing anchor lines on this structure 1.
Les piliers de support 2 peuvent être mobiles au moins verticalement par rapport aux fixations 3. Pour actionner et/ou freiner leur mouvement vertical, des vérins 4 peuvent être interposés entre les fixations 3 et les piliers de support 2. Les vérins 4 peuvent être des vérins hydrauliques, et notamment des vérins à eau, comme illustré par exemple sur la figure 10A, avec un piston 41 solidaire de la fixation 3 reçu de manière coulissante dans un cylindre 42 formé dans le pilier de support 2 et pouvant recevoir et évacuer de l'eau à pression à travers un conduit 43, à écoulement éventuellement restreint et pouvant être équipé d'une vanne 44 pouvant être ouverte pour permettre le passage de l'eau dans l'un ou l'autre sens afin de soulever ou abaisser le pilier de support 2 par rapport à la fixation 3 ou fermée pour fixer la position du pilier de support 2 par rapport à la fixation. Alternativement, toutefois, les vérins 4 peuvent être des vérins mécaniques, chacun comprenant par exemple, comme illustré sur la figure 10B, un ou plusieurs pignons 45, associés à l'un de la fixation 3 et le pilier de support 2, et une crémaillère 46, associée à l'autre de la fixation 3 et le pilier de support 2. Les pignons 45 peuvent être couplés à au moins un moteur 47 et un frein 48 pour, respectivement, actionner ou freiner, voire bloquer un mouvement vertical relatif du pilier de support 2 par rapport à la fixation. The support pillars 2 may be movable at least vertically with respect to the fasteners 3. To actuate and / or brake their vertical movement, cylinders 4 may be interposed between the fasteners 3 and the fasteners 3. support pillars 2. The cylinders 4 may be hydraulic cylinders, and in particular water cylinders, as illustrated for example in FIG. 10A, with a piston 41 integral with the fastener 3 slidably received in a cylinder 42 formed in the support pillar 2 and able to receive and discharge water under pressure through a pipe 43, possibly restricted flow and can be equipped with a valve 44 can be opened to allow the passage of water in one or the other direction to raise or lower the support pillar 2 relative to the fastener 3 or closed to fix the position of the support pillar 2 relative to the fastener. Alternatively, however, the cylinders 4 may be mechanical cylinders, each comprising for example, as illustrated in Figure 10B, one or more pinions 45, associated with one of the attachment 3 and the support pillar 2, and a rack 46, associated with the other of the attachment 3 and the support pillar 2. The pinions 45 can be coupled to at least one motor 47 and a brake 48 to respectively actuate or brake or even block relative vertical movement of the pillar support 2 relative to the attachment.
Ainsi, dans une troisième étape, illustrée sur la figure 3, on peut procéder à abaisser les piliers de support 2 jusqu'à ce qu'il prennent appui, sous l'eau 15, sur le fond marin 16. Cet abaissement peut être simplement impulsé par gravité, ou actionné par les vérins 4, mais en tout cas sa vitesse peut être restreinte à travers ces vérins 4. Une fois que les piliers de support 2 prennent appui sous l'eau 15, leur position relative par rapport aux fixations 3 et donc par rapport à la structure 1 peut être fixée, par exemple en bloquant les vérins 4, de manière à ce que l'appui des piliers de support 2 sous l'eau 15 puisse soutenir la structure 1. Thus, in a third step, illustrated in FIG. 3, it is possible to lower the support pillars 2 until they rest under the water 15 on the seabed 16. This lowering can be simply driven by gravity, or actuated by the cylinders 4, but in any case its speed can be restricted through these cylinders 4. Once the support pillars 2 are supported under water 15, their relative position relative to the fasteners 3 and therefore with respect to the structure 1 can be fixed, for example by locking the cylinders 4, so that the support of the support pillars 2 under water 15 can support the structure 1.
Dans une quatrième étape, le ponton 10 peut être abaissé sous la structure 1, désormais soutenue, à travers les fixations 3, par les piliers de support 2 en appui sous l'eau 15, de manière à écarter verticalement le ponton 10 de la structure. Suivant un premier aspect, illustré par un exemple sur la figure 4A, dans cette quatrième étape le ponton 10 peut être abaissé par rapport à sa ligne de flottaison 17. Ceci peut être effectué par exemple en ballastant le ponton 10, avec du ballast solide ou liquide, de manière à en augmenter le déplacement. Suivant un deuxième aspect, illustré par un exemple sur la figure 4B, dans cette quatrième étape le niveau de l'eau 15 descend, de manière à abaisser le ponton 10 même si son niveau par rapport à sa ligne de flottaison 17 est maintenu. Cet abaissement du niveau de l'eau peut être obtenu par un jeu d'écluses, mais aussi, de manière plus simple et sans faire appel à des infrastructures particulières, il peut être l'effet des marées : les piliers de support 2 pourraient donc être abaissés et prendre appui sous l'eau 15 pendant la marée haute, et le ponton 10 descendre et s'écarter verticalement de la structure 1 à cause la marée basse. Bien sûr, ces deux aspects ne s'excluent pas mutuellement, et il serait également possible de les combiner, par exemple en ballastant le ponton 10 pour amplifier sa descente à cause de la marée. In a fourth step, the pontoon 10 can be lowered under the structure 1, now supported, through the fasteners 3, by the supporting pillars 2 resting under the water 15, so as to vertically distance the pontoon 10 of the structure . According to a first aspect, illustrated by an example in FIG. 4A, in this fourth step the pontoon 10 can be lowered relative to its water line 17. This can be done for example by ballasting the pontoon 10, with solid ballast or liquid, so as to increase its displacement. According to a second aspect, illustrated by an example in FIG. 4B, in this fourth step the level of the water 15 descends, so as to lower the pontoon 10 even if its level relative to its water line 17 is maintained. This lowering of the water level can be achieved by a set of locks, but also, in a simpler way and without resorting to particular infrastructures, it can be the effect of the tides: the support pillars 2 could therefore be lowered and support under water 15 during high tide, and the pontoon 10 down and depart vertically from the structure 1 because of low tide. Of course, these two aspects are not mutually exclusive, and it would also be possible to combine them, for example by ballasting the pontoon 10 to increase its descent because of the tide.
Une fois qu'un écart vertical suffisant est obtenu entre le ponton 10 et la structure 1, désormais soutenue par les piliers de support 2, on peut procéder à une cinquième étape, comme dans l'exemple illustré sur la figure 5, dans laquelle le ponton 10 est retiré. L'espace sous le ponton 10 étant ainsi libéré, on peut ensuite procéder à une sixième étape, comme dans l'exemple illustré sur la figure 6, dans laquelle on procède à abaisser la structure 1 jusqu'à ce qu'elle flotte dans l'eau 15. Comme l'abaissement des piliers de support 2, cet abaissement de la structure 1 peut être au moins partiellement impulsé par gravité, ou actionné par les vérins 4, mais en tout cas sa vitesse peut être restreinte à travers ces vérins 4. Par ailleurs, cette sixième étape peut être suivie d'une septième étape, comme dans l'exemple illustré sur la figure 7A, dans laquelle les piliers de support 2 peuvent encore être soulevés plus haut par rapport à la structure 1, par exemple en utilisant les vérins 4, de manière à dégager les piliers de support 2 du fond marin 16 et ainsi permettre la libre flottaison de la structure 1 tout en facilitant une séparation subséquente des piliers de support 2 de la structure 1. Toutefois, alternativement ou en combinaison avec ce soulèvement des piliers de support 2 par rapport à la structure, une montée du niveau de l'eau 15, par exemple par le retour de la marée haute, peut aussi servir à opérer ce dégagement des piliers de support 2 par rapport au fond marin 16, comme dans l'exemple illustré sur la figure 7B. Une fois que la structure 1 flotte dans l'eau 15 et que les piliers de support 2 sont dégagés du fond marin 16, on peut procéder à une huitième étape, comme dans l'exemple illustré sur la figure 8, dans laquelle les fixations 3 peuvent être désolidarisées de la structure 1, et les piliers de support 2 être ainsi séparés de la structure 1. La structure 1 pourra ainsi flotter librement dans l'eau, et être déplacée, par exemple par remorquage, vers le large, où elle pourra être ancrée par des lignes d'ancrage 20 fixées sur les emplacements 5 de fixation de lignes d'ancrage, comme dans l'exemple illustré sur la figure 9. Once a sufficient vertical gap is obtained between the pontoon 10 and the structure 1, now supported by the support pillars 2, it is possible to proceed to a fifth step, as in the example illustrated in FIG. 5, in which the pontoon 10 is removed. The space under the pontoon 10 being thus released, it is then possible to proceed to a sixth step, as in the example illustrated in FIG. 6, in which the structure 1 is lowered until it floats in the 15. As the lowering of the support pillars 2, this lowering of the structure 1 can be at least partially impulsed by gravity, or actuated by the cylinders 4, but in any case its speed can be restricted through these cylinders 4 Furthermore, this sixth step can be followed by a seventh step, as in the example illustrated in FIG. 7A, in which the support pillars 2 can still be lifted higher with respect to the structure 1, for example in using the cylinders 4, so as to clear the supporting pillars 2 of the seabed 16 and thus allow the free float of the structure 1 while facilitating a subsequent separation of the support pillars 2 of the structure 1. However, alternat or in combination with this lifting of the support pillars 2 with respect to the structure, a rise in the level of the water 15, for example by the return of the high tide, can also be used to operate this release of the support pillars 2 relative to the seabed 16, as in the example illustrated in Figure 7B. Once the structure 1 floats in the water 15 and the support pillars 2 are cleared from the seabed 16, we can proceed to an eighth step, as in the example illustrated in Figure 8, in which the fasteners 3 can be detached from the structure 1, and the support pillars 2 and be separated from the structure 1. The structure 1 and can float freely in the water, and be moved, for example by towing, to the open sea, where it can be anchored by anchor lines 20 fixed on the anchor line fixing locations 5, as in the example illustrated in FIG. 9.
Quoique la présente invention ait été décrite en se référant à des exemples de réalisation spécifiques, il est évident que des différentes modifications et changements peuvent être effectués sur ces exemples sans sortir de la portée générale de l'invention telle que définie par les revendications. En outre, des caractéristiques individuelles des différents exemples de réalisation évoqués peuvent être combinées dans des exemples de réalisation additionnels. Par conséquent, la description et les dessins doivent être considérés dans un sens illustratif plutôt que restrictif. Although the present invention has been described with reference to specific exemplary embodiments, it is obvious that various modifications and changes can be made to these examples without departing from the general scope of the invention as defined by the claims. In addition, individual features of the various exemplary embodiments mentioned can be combined in additional exemplary embodiments. Therefore, the description and drawings should be considered in an illustrative rather than restrictive sense.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Procédé de mise à l'eau d'une structure (1) destinée à flotter dans l'eau (15), comportant les étapes de : A method of launching a structure (1) for floating in water (15), comprising the steps of:
chargement de la structure (1) sur un ponton (10) flottant dans l'eau,  loading the structure (1) on a pontoon (10) floating in the water,
mise en appui sous l'eau (15) d'au moins un pilier de support (2), relié à la structure (1), pendant que la structure (1) repose sur le ponton (10) flottant dans l'eau (15),  underwater support (15) of at least one supporting pillar (2), connected to the structure (1), while the structure (1) rests on the pontoon (10) floating in the water ( 15)
retrait du ponton (10) pendant que la structure (1) est soutenue par l'au moins un pilier de support (2) prenant appui sous l'eau (15), et  removing the pontoon (10) while the structure (1) is supported by the at least one supporting pillar (2) bearing underwater (15), and
abaissement de la structure (1), soutenue encore par l'au moins un pilier de support (2), jusqu'à ce que la structure (1) flotte dans l'eau (15), et  lowering the structure (1), further supported by the at least one supporting pillar (2), until the structure (1) floats in the water (15), and
caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre une étape d'abaissement du ponton (10), dégageant le ponton (10) verticalement de la structure (1), pendant que la structure (1) est soutenue par l'au moins un pilier de support (2) prenant appui sous l'eau (15), avant le retrait du ponton (10). characterized in that it further comprises a step of lowering the pontoon (10), releasing the pontoon (10) vertically from the structure (1), while the structure (1) is supported by the at least one pillar support (2) bearing underwater (15), before removal of the pontoon (10).
2. Procédé de mise à l'eau suivant la revendication 1, dans lequel l'au moins un pilier de support (2) est relié de manière amovible à la structure (1), le procédé comportant en outre une étape de séparation de l'au moins un pilier de support (2) de la structure (1) une fois que la structure (1) flotte dans l'eau. 2. Method of launching according to claim 1, wherein the at least one support pillar (2) is removably connected to the structure (1), the method further comprising a step of separating the at least one supporting pillar (2) of the structure (1) once the structure (1) floats in the water.
3. Procédé de mise à l'eau suivant la revendication 2, dans lequel l'au moins un pilier de support (2) est relié à la structure (1) à travers un emplacement (5) pour fixation de ligne d'ancrage sur la structure (1). The method of launching according to claim 2, wherein the at least one support pillar (2) is connected to the structure (1) through a location (5) for securing an anchor line on the structure (1).
4. Procédé de mise à l'eau suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comportant en outre une étape de connexion de l'au moins un pilier de support (2) à la structure (1) avant la mise en appui sous l'eau (15) de l'au moins un pilier de support (2). 4. launching method according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a step of connecting the at least one support pillar (2) to the structure (1) before the bearing under l water (15) of the at least one support pillar (2).
5. Procédé de mise à l'eau suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le ponton (10) est abaissé par rapport à sa ligne de flottaison (17) lors de l'étape d'abaissement du ponton (10). 5. Launching method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the pontoon (10) is lowered relative to its waterline (17) during the step of lowering the pontoon (10) .
6. Procédé de mise à l'eau suivant la revendication 5, dans lequel le ponton (10) est ballasté pour effectuer l'étape d'abaissement du ponton (10). The method of launching according to claim 5, wherein the pontoon (10) is ballasted to perform the step of lowering the pontoon (10).
7. Procédé de mise à l'eau suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le niveau de l'eau (15) descend pendant l'étape d'abaissement du ponton (10). A method of launching according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the level of the water (15) goes down during the step of lowering the pontoon (10).
8. Procédé de mise à l'eau suivant la revendication 7, dans laquelle la marée abaisse le niveau de l'eau (15) pendant l'abaissement du ponton (10). 8. Launching method according to claim 7, wherein the tide lowers the level of the water (15) during the lowering of the pontoon (10).
9. Procédé de mise à l'eau suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel au moins un vérin (4) hydraulique et/ou mécanique d'actionnement vertical est interposé entre l'au moins un pilier de support (2) et la structure (1). 9. Launching method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one cylinder (4) hydraulic and / or mechanical vertical actuation is interposed between the at least one support pillar (2). and the structure (1).
10. Procédé de mise à l'eau suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la structure (1) est une plateforme flottante. The launching method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the structure (1) is a floating platform.
EP18737658.7A 2017-06-06 2018-06-06 Launching method Active EP3635180B1 (en)

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US20200115014A1 (en) 2020-04-16
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CN110719981A (en) 2020-01-21
PT3635180T (en) 2022-04-07
KR20200015935A (en) 2020-02-13
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US10967942B2 (en) 2021-04-06
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