Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
  • A61K33/18—Iodine; Compounds thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
  • A01N25/10—Macromolecular compounds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/22—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing ingredients stabilising the active ingredients
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • A01N43/54—1,3-Diazines; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazines
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
  • A01N43/74—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,3
  • A01N43/78—1,3-Thiazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3-thiazoles
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
  • A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
  • A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
  • A61K47/38—Cellulose; Derivatives thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
  • A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
  • A61K9/0024—Solid, semi-solid or solidifying implants, which are implanted or injected in body tissue
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/70—Web, sheet or filament bases ; Films; Fibres of the matrix type containing drug
  • A61K9/7007—Drug-containing films, membranes or sheets
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
  • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
  • A61L15/22—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing macromolecular materials
  • A61L15/28—Polysaccharides or their derivatives
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
  • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
  • A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
  • A61L15/46—Deodorants or malodour counteractants, e.g. to inhibit the formation of ammonia or bacteria
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
  • A61L27/14—Macromolecular materials
  • A61L27/20—Polysaccharides
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
  • A61L27/28—Materials for coating prostheses
  • A61L27/34—Macromolecular materials
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
  • A61L27/50—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
  • A61L27/54—Biologically active materials, e.g. therapeutic substances
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
  • A61P17/02—Drugs for dermatological disorders for treating wounds, ulcers, burns, scars, keloids, or the like
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/02—Local antiseptics
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D239/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
  • C07D239/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
  • C07D239/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D277/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings
  • C07D277/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
  • A61L2300/10—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices containing or releasing inorganic materials
  • A61L2300/106—Halogens or compounds thereof, e.g. iodine, chlorite
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
  • A61L2300/40—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices characterised by a specific therapeutic activity or mode of action
  • A61L2300/404—Biocides, antimicrobial agents, antiseptic agents

Definitions

• Antimicrobial composition comprising a polysaccharide, a stabilizing agent and triiodide, method of preparation thereof and use thereof
• the present invention relates to an antimicrobial composition
• an antimicrobial composition comprising a polysaccharide or a derivative thereof or a mixture of polysaccharides and/or derivatives thereof, a stabilizing agent and sodium or potassium triiodide.
• the composition of the composition results in the stabilization of various types of solid forms containing the polysaccharide and/or its chemically modified derivative and/or their mixture and the iodine in the form of a triiodide anion (I 3 " ).
• R is - alkyl, aromatic, heteroaromatic, linear or branched chain Ci - C 30 , optionally containing N or O atoms,
• R 1 is - alkyl, aromatic, heteroaromatic, linear or branched chain Ci - C 30 , optionally containing N or O atoms, or -H, where R 1 in the compound of the formula X are independently the same or different,
• Y is a chloride, bromide or iodide anion.
• the present invention also relates to the method of preparation of solid forms, where two procedures can be used.
• Procedure 1 The triiodide and the stabilizer are sorbed on the surface of the finished final form.
• Procedure 2 The triiodide and the stabilizer are added to the system before producing the final form.
• Procedures 1 and 2 The difference between Procedures 1 and 2 is that in the Procedure 2 the triiodide anion with the stabilizer are distributed in the bulk of material more homogeneously, whereas in the Procedure 1 the triiodide anion with the stabilizer are preferentially distributed on the surface of the respective form.
• form refers to types of materials, such as thin film, lyophilizate, staple fiber layer, endless fiber, wovenfabric, plaited fabric or nanofibrous layer.
• the invention relates to the applications of the prepared solid forms in the fields where a biocompatible and biodegradable material with an antiseptic effect is required. These areas include wound dressings or implantable medical devices.
• Sodium alginate is an anionic polysaccharide with a wide range of biomedical applications. Its main advantage is its biocompatibility and the ability to form gels, therefore it is often used in hydrogels preparation, in the field of wound healing and in tissue engineering (Lee K. Y. and David J. Mooney D. J., Progress in Polymer Science 37, 1, 106-126, 2012).
• Carboxymethyl cellulose is an anionic polysaccharide used mainly in the food industry to thicken and stabilize emulsions. For non-food products, it has been used for example in lubricants, paints, laxatives and detergents. This polysaccharide is widely used in the field of wound healing, where the price and interesting mechanical properties are probably the most advantageous (Ramli A., Wong T. W., International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 403, 7, 73-82, 2011).
• Oxycellulose is cellulose oxidised in the position 6 of cycle to carboxylic acid.
• it is an anionic polysaccharide, which is known especially for its haemostatic effects, and is therefore widely used for a variety of medical and pharmaceutical applications, for example in the field of wound healing, where, in addition to haemostatic properties, biodegradability and sorption properties are of great advantage (Bajerova M. et al., Advances in polymer technology, 28, 199-208, 2009).
• Hydroxyethyl cellulose is a cellulose derivative modified on certain OH groups by -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH group. It is not as well soluble in protic systems as oxycellulose, but due to its gelation properties it is widely used in cosmetics, cleaning solutions and lubricants. For wound healing it is used especially in combination with other polysaccharides, such as gellan gum (Schmidt R. and Winter G., EP1888134 A2)
• Hyaluronic acid is a non-sulphated glycosaminoglycan, consisting of two repeating units of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.
• R 1 is H or Na.
• This hydrophilic polysaccharide with a molecular weight in the range from 5x10 3 to lxl 0 6 g.mol "1 forms a part of the skin, connective tissues, synovial joint fluid and plays a significant role in a number of biological processes such as the organization of proteoglycans, cell hydration and differentiation (Balazs E., Structural Chemistry, 20, 341-349, 2009; Aya K. L. and Stern R. Wound Repair and Regeneration 22, 579-593, 2014). Due to the fact that it is naturally in the human body, and thus biodegradable, it is a suitable substrate for tissue engineering or a carrier of biologically active substances (Mortisen D.
• Non- woven fabrics are made up of staple microfibers that are prepared by wet spinning in a non- stationary coagulation bath.
• the coagulation bath consists of 100% C ⁇ -C alcohol. The precipitated fibers are then shortened by grinding, filtered to substrate, dried and compressed.
• non- woven fabrics can be prepared from HA with molecular weight 60 - 3,000 kg.mol "1 .
• the resulting layer may remain adhered to the substrate or be separated from the substrate as a self-supporting layer with an area weight greater than 5 g.m "2 .
• iodine with an oxidation state higher than -1 are well known as biocompatible antiseptic and disinfectant substances.
• One of the most widespread forms is triiodide (oxidation grade -1/3), which is subject of reversible decomposition to molecular iodine (I 2 ) and iodide ( ⁇ ).
• I 2 molecular iodine
• ⁇ iodide
• the molecular iodine passes into the gaseous state, so the solids containing the triiodide gradually lose their oxidative capabilities due to the sublimation of I 2 . For this reason, the triiodide is used especially in the form of solutions.
• Lugol solution - potassium triiodide in water which, due to its biocompatibility and efficacy, is suitable for a wide range of applications associated with antiseptic or disinfecting action. Its slight disadvantage is that it can cause scarring and also temporary change of the skin color. These deficiencies have been overcome by an addition of hyaluronic acid, which considerably suppresses scarring and generally significantly contributes to the healing process.
• the document CZ 12015 discloses a preparation for a bandage adhesion prevention comprising a physiologically acceptable hyaluronic acid salt having a molecular weight of 200,000 to 2,500,000, iodine and potassium iodide.
• the preparation is in the form of a sterile aqueous solution or gel and is able to make the wound healing faster.
• This use of a solution of hyaluronic acid and potassium iodide (under the commercial name Hyiodine®) for topical wound healing applications has been published in several papers (Bezdekova B. et al. Veterinarstvi 54, 516- 519, 2004; Frankova J. et al. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 17, 891-898, 2006; Slavkovsky R. et al. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 35, 4, 373-379, 2010). The authors have achieved excellent results thanks to the unique combination of biocompatible and antimicrobial triiodide and to the presence of biocompatible hyaluronic acid, which supports the healing process.
• the use of triiodide with a polysaccharide in the form of a solution represents significant limitations.
• the volume of the material (solution) is considerably larger than the volume of the analogous solid form and further other possibilities of in situ use are considerably limited due to the solution shape instability (flowing).
• the liquid form is limited by the form of the package where it is very difficult to use other types of packaging materials for longer storage than the standard silicate glass which is fragile, due to the oxidative activity of the triiodide. Attempts to prepare a solid material containing a polysaccharide and triiodide have not been successful due to the instability of the triiodide in the absence of a solvent.
• the presence of the solvent inhibits the process of the molecular I 2 sublimation and allows re-bonding with ⁇ in the form of the triiodide I 3 " . Therefore, during evaporation of the solvent, the Lugol solution quickly loses the active ingredient (I 2 ), which sublimates from the solid material, and in view of the long-term storage of some of the triiodide-containing final forms, it is a crucial problem.
• the document CZ 22394 describes an antimicrobial mixture for wound healing support and wound dressing for healing support with an antimicrobial effect.
• Said mixture comprises a physiologically active hyaluronic acid salt, alternatively other polysaccharides and substances with antimicrobial activity, and further an electrolyte, e.g., potassium iodide.
• the mixture can be in the form of a chemical or physical mixture, wherein the chemical mixture is preferably an aqueous solution and the physical mixture is preferably a layer of polysaccharide fibers which contain an antimicrobial substance in their structure.
• the dressing is suitable for healing of surface wound.
• the disadvantage of this solution is in particular the essential presence of an antimicrobial agent other than triiodide, which involves the risk of local skin irritation, toxicity or allergic reaction.
• the above-mentioned problems are solved by the present invention which describes the preparation of solid forms comprising a polysaccharide, triiodide and a stabilizer, which significantly slows down the sublimation of the active iodine from the solid material.
• This solution allows much broader application possibilities than the aqueous solution of polysaccharide and triiodide alone.
• compositions comprising a polysaccharide and/or a chemically modified derivative thereof or a mixture of polysaccharides and/or derivatives thereof, sodium or potassium triiodide and a stabilizer of the general formula X,
• R is - alkyl, aromatic, heteroaromatic, linear or branched chain Ci - C 30 , optionally containing N or O atoms
• R 1 is - alkyl, aromatic, heteroaromatic, linear or branched chain Ci - C30, optionally containing N or O atoms, or -H, where R 1 in the compound of the formula X are independently the same or different,
• Y is a chloride, bromide or iodide anion.
• the final materials are prepared as various solid forms such as self-supporting films, lyophilizate, staple fiber layer (non-woven fabric), endless fiber, woven fabric, knitted fabric, plaited fabric or nanofibers layer.
• the polysaccharide or chemically modified derivative thereof, which was used, have a molecular weight in the range from 5x10 3 to lxl 0 6 g.mol "1 , the source of the triiodide anion is potassium iodide or sodium iodide and molecular iodine I 2 .
• the polysaccharide comprises, for example:
• - hyaluronic acid sodium alginate, oxycellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose or a chemically modified hyaluronic acid derivative which has some -OH groups replaced by -O-CO-R 2 group and/or -CO-OH groups replaced by -CO-OR 2 group, where R 2 is - a linear or aromatic chain containing carbon atoms Ci - C 15 ,
• composition or the final medical device may contain other substances, including, but not limited to, polyethylene oxide, acetic acid etc.
• the present invention relates to a method of preparation, where two approaches of the stabilised triiodide introduction can be used.
• Procedure 1 - coating The first approach is to prepare a solution of a stabilizer of the general formula (X) and sodium or potassium triiodide in an ethanol/water solvent mixture, and to apply this solution to the finished form of the medical device, which is based on a polysaccharide or a derivative thereof and/or a mixture of polysaccharides and/or derivatives thereof.
• the application time is preferably in the range from 10 minutes to 72 hours at a temperature in the range from 5 to 40 °C.
• the solution can be applied on the medical device either by spraying or by immersing the medical device into the solution, preferably for 5 to 15 hours.
• the process may be carried out by application of 0.2 to 10% (w/w) solution of triiodide and stabilizer X in a molar ratio of 1/1 to 1/5, preferably 1/1, in a solvent mixture of ethanol/water in volume ratio of 3/1 to 9/1, on the surface of the finished final forms of the polysaccharide or derivative thereof or mixture of polysaccharides, preferably either by spraying the solution of the triiodide and the stabilizer or by immersing the final form of a polysaccharide or a derivative thereof or a mixture of polysaccharides and/or derivatives thereof in the solution of the triiodide and stabilizer.
• Procedure 2 In the second approach a mixture comprising a system of a polysaccharide and/or a polysaccharide derivative and/or a mixture thereof, potassium or sodium triiodide and a stabilizer of the general formula X is prepared, whereupon the final form of the composition is formed.
• the triiodide at a concentration of 0.2 to 10% (based on the total weight of all polysaccharides and/or derivatives thereof) and stabilizer X in a molar ratio of triiodide/stabilizer in the range from 1/1 to 1/5, preferably 1/1.1, are added to a 0.2 to 6% (w/w) solution of a polysaccharide or a derivative thereof or mixture of polysaccharides and/or derivatives thereof in water and acetic acid in a volume ratio of 20/1 to 200/1 , preferably 100/1.
• a material is formed wherein the triiodide anion with the stabilizer are more homogeneously distributed throughout the bulk of the material.
• This procedure can be used, for example, to prepare the material in the form of a lyophilizate.
• a material is formed wherein the triiodide anion with the stabilizer are mainly on or near the surface of the respective form.
• This process can be used for a variety of forms: self-supporting films, lyophilizate, staple fiber layer (non- woven fabric), endless fiber, woven fabric, knitted fabric, plaited fabric or nanofiber layer.
• the following chemical compounds can be used as stabilizers of the general formula X: Thiamine (Bl), oxythiamine hydrochloride (OBI), 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,4-dimethylthiazolium iodide (TH) a 3-benzyl-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium bromide (BTH).
• the effectiveness of the stabilizers was clearly demonstrated when trying to prepare lyophilizates containing I 3 " in the absence of thiazole salts.
• the active iodine content after lyophilization was 100 times lower than that of the analogous lyophilizates containing the stabilizer.
• the invention also relates to a medical device which comprises an antimicrobial composition as defined above and is in the form of a wound dressing or an implantable medical device.
• a medical device which comprises an antimicrobial composition as defined above and is in the form of a wound dressing or an implantable medical device.
• Fig. 1, 2 Comparison of antimicrobial activity of hyaluronic acid (HA) based lyophilizates prepared by Procedure 2 (the triiodide and the stabilizer are distributed more homogeneously).
• Triiodide-free materials HA-TH, HA-BTH, HA-Bl a HA
• Materials with the antimicrobial triiodide HA-TH-I3 ⁇ 4 HA-BTH-I3 a HA-BI-I3 inhibited the growth of microorganisms. All materials were tested for Escherichia coli ( Figure 1) and Staphylococcus aureus ( Figure 2) strains.
• Fig. 3 Comparison of wound healing effect of the H A- vitamin Bl -triiodide lyophilizate prepared in Example 13 (in the figure the portion of the wound healed by this preparation is indicated as HyBi) and of an antimicrobial octenidine-containing lyophilizate based on hyaluronan (in the figure is indicated as SL) at 0, 2 and 5 days in a patient with an open wound on a leg (process described in Example 42).
• the figure shows a comparable efficacy of both materials.
• the amount of active iodine in % - means an equivalent of oxidation activity rate of the material, which is equivalent to the oxidation activity of the material with the corresponding weight percentage of I 2 . Determined by standard redox titration with sodium thiosulphate.
• the molecular weight of polysaccharides is weight average molecular weight determined by SEC-MALLS method.
• Example 1 The molecular weight of polysaccharides is weight average molecular weight determined by SEC-MALLS method.
• Hyaluronan in the form of lyophilizate was completely immersed in a solution of Nal 3 in ethanol/water 3/1 (Example 8) for 24 hours at 20 °C. Then the lyophilizate was immersed in isopropanol for 2 seconds, pulled out and dried by applying the filter paper from both sides of the material. The amount of the active iodine was determined by reductive titration with sodium thio sulphate to be 1.5%.
• Hyaluronan in the form of lyophilizate was completely immersed in a solution of Nal 3 in ethanol/water 9/1 (Example 10) for 24 hours at 40 °C. Then the lyophilizate was immersed in isopropanol for 2 seconds, pulled out and dried by applying the filter paper from both sides of the material. The amount of the active iodine was determined by reductive titration with sodium thiosulphate to be 2%.
• Hyaluronan in the form of lyophilizate was completely immersed in a solution of KI 3 in ethanol/water 6/1 (Example 6) for 10 minutes at 40 °C. Then the lyophilizate was immersed in isopropanol for 2 seconds, pulled out and dried by applying the filter paper from both sides of the material. The amount of the active iodine was determined by reductive titration with sodium thiosulphate to be 1.5%.
• Hyaluronan in the form of lyophilizate was completely immersed in a solution of KI 3 in ethanol/water 9/1 (Example 7) for 48 hours at 5 °C. Then the lyophilizate was immersed in isopropanol for 2 seconds, pulled out and dried by applying the filter paper from both sides of the material. The amount of the active iodine was determined by reductive titration with sodium thiosulphate to be 2%.
• Hyaluronan in the form of lyophilizate was completely immersed in a solution of I 3 in ethanol/water 3/1 (Example 5) for 10 hours at 20 °C. Then the lyophilizate was immersed in isopropanol for 2 seconds, pulled out and dried by applying the filter paper from both sides of the material. The amount of the active iodine was determined by reductive titration with sodium thiosulphate to be 1 %.
• hyaluronan-benzyl thiazolium bromide-b HA-BTH-I3 lyophilizate
• 40 mg of KI and 27 mg of I 2 were added to a solution of hyaluronan (0.4 g, Mw 500 kg.mol "1 ) in 100 mL of distilled water and 1 mL of acetic acid, and the resulting mixture was stirred for 24 hours at laboratory temperature.
• a solution of 37 mg of 3 -benzyl-5 -(2 -hydroxy ethyls- methyl thiazolium bromide in 1 mL of distilled water was then added, the resulting solution was homogenized, immediately frozen at -50 °C and lyophilized.
• the amount of the active iodine was determined by reductive titration with sodium thiosulphate to be 3.5%.
• 1% aqueous HA solution was extruded through a nozzle with an inner diameter of 0.6 mm into a non-stationary coagulation bath consisting of 100% isopropanol at room temperature, which circumfluents the nozzle at 3 m.s "1 .
• the solution is precipitated into 3-4 cm long fibers.
• the crude fibers are shortened in a blender for 30 seconds at a ratio of 1 g of fibers per 1 liter of coagulation bath.
• the resulting fibrous dispersion having a fiber length of 3-4 mm is filtered through a substrate consisting of PAD knitted fabric and dried on a drying plate allowing fixation of the shape of the resulting fabric during drying.
• the resulting layer was separated from the substrate as a self-supporting layer.
• the fabric so formed was formatted to the desired size and immersed in a solution of Nal 3 + Bl in ethanol/water 9/1 (Example 10).
• the fabric was placed on a shaker and subjected to Nal 3 + Bl solution for 60 minutes at 20 °C and shaking speed of 80 oscillations per minute.
• the treated fabric is dried at laboratory temperature.
• the amount of the active iodine was determined by reductive titration with sodium thiosulphate to be 1.8%.
• 1% palmitoyl HA solution (prepared as described in Example 4), dissolved in a mixture of water and isopropanol in volume ratio 1 : 1, was extruded through a nozzle with an inner diameter of 0.6 mm into a non-stationary coagulation bath consisting of 90% isopropanol at room temperature, which circumfluents the nozzle at 3 m.s "1 .
• the solution is precipitated into 3-4 cm long fibers.
• the crude fibers are dehydrated in 100% acetone and shortened in a blender for 10 seconds at a ratio of 0.9 g of fibers per 1 liter of 100% isopropanol.
• the resulting fibrous dispersion having a fiber length of 3-4 mm is filtered through a substrate consisting of PAD knitted fabric and dried at 40 °C on a drying plate allowing fixation of the shape of the resulting fabric during drying.
• the resulting layer was separated from the substrate as a self-supporting layer.
• the fabric so formed was formatted to the desired size and immersed in a solution of Nal 3 + Bl in ethanol/water 9/1 (Example 10).
• the fabric was placed on a shaker and exposed to Nal 3 + Bl solution for 70 minutes at 20 °C and shaking speed of 80 oscillations per minute.
• the treated fabric is dried at laboratory temperature.
• the amount of the active iodine was determined by reductive titration with sodium thiosulphate to be 1.5%.
• aqueous solution of the following composition was prepared to prepare a nanofibre layer containing hyaluronic acid.
• the concentration of HA having the molecular weight of 82 kg.mol “1 in the dry matter was 80%>, the concentration of polyethylene oxide with the molecular weight of 400 kg.mol “1 was 5%, the concentration of polyvinyl alcohol with a molecular weight of 200 kg.mol “1 was 15%, the concentration of the total dry matter was 6 %.
• the solution was filled into a syringe and electrostatically spun onto a plate collector using a needle-free linear nozzle, voltage of 45 kV and distance of 18 cm between the emitter and the collector.
• the fibers have the dimension of 1 10 ⁇ 27 nm.
• Example 28 This material was completely immersed in a solution of Nal 3 + Bl in ethanol/water 6/1 (Example 9) for 48 hours at 20 °C. Then the material was collected and immersed in isopropanol for 2 seconds, collected and dried at laboratory temperature. The amount of the active iodine was determined by reductive titration with sodium thiosulphate to be 8%.
• Example 28
• Preparation of the film was carried out in a specialized drying apparatus where the film was dried in closed space.
• the device is equipped with a bottom and top plate with adjustable temperature.
• the device is further described in (Foglarova et al., PV2015-166, Foglarova M. et al., Carbohydrate Polymers 2016, 144, 68-75).
• 240 mg of sodium hyaluronate having the molecular weight of 330 kg.mol "1 was dissolved in 24 mL of demineralized water and the mixture was stirred for at least 18 hours.
• the solution was then charged on a pad of the drying apparatus (hydrophobized glass) and dried in closed space at the bottom plate temperature of 50 °C and the top plate temperature of 20 °C.
• the drying time was 20 hours. After drying, the film was removed from the pad and stored for further use. This material was then completely immersed in a solution of Nal 3 + Bl in ethanol/water 6/1 (Example 9) for 72 hours at 20 °C. Then the material was collected and immersed in isopropanol for 2 seconds, collected and dried at laboratory temperature. The amount of the active iodine was determined by reductive titration with sodium thiosulphate to be 0.1 %.
• the film preparation device is described in the Example 28.
• 240 mg of palmitoyl derivative of sodium hyaluronan, described in Example 4 was dissolved in 24 mL of an aqueous solution of 2-propanol (50% w/w) and the mixture was stirred for at least 18 hours.
• the solution was then dispensed on a pad of the drying apparatus (hydrophobized glass) and dried in closed space at the bottom plate temperature of 50 °C and the top plate temperature of 40 °C.
• the drying time was 20 hours.
• the film was removed from the pad and stored for further use.
• This material was then completely immersed in a solution of Nal 3 + Bl in ethanol/water 6/1 (Example 9) for 72 hours at 20 °C.
• the material was collected and immersed in isopropanol for 2 seconds, collected and dried at laboratory temperature.
• the amount of the active iodine was determined by reductive titration with sodium thiosulphate to be
• the non-woven fabric was produced by combining staple microfibers that are prepared by the wet spinning method in a non-stationary coagulation bath.
• Hyaluronic acid of the molecular weight 1,000 kg.mol "1 was used.
• the coagulation bath consists of isopropanol.
• the precipitated fibers were then shortened by grinding, filtered to a substrate, dried and compressed.
• the resulting layer was separated from the substrate as a self-supporting layer.
• This material was then completely immersed in a solution of Nal 3 + Bl in ethanol/water 9/1 (Example 10) for 1 hour at 20 °C. Then it was dried at laboratory temperature.
• the amount of the active iodine was determined by reductive titration with sodium thiosulphate to be 1.8%.
• the resulting knitted fabric strip was 1 1 mm wide, had a mas per unit area of 99 g.m "2 and stitches density 36 cm “2 .
• This material was then completely immersed in a solution of KI 3 + Bl in ethanol/water 6/1 (Example 6) for 24 hours at 20 °C. Then the material was collected and immersed in isopropanol for 2 seconds, collected and dried at laboratory temperature. The amount of the active iodine was determined by reductive titration with sodium thiosulphate to be 0.1%.
• the resulting knitted fabric strip was 11 mm wide, had a mas per unit area of 91 g.m "2 and stitches density 36 cm “2 .
• This material was then completely immersed in a solution of KI 3 + Bl in ethanol/water 9/1 (Example 7) for 15 hours at 20 °C. Then the material was collected and immersed in isopropanol for 2 seconds, collected and dried at laboratory temperature. The amount of the active iodine was determined by reductive titration with sodium thiosulphate to be 0.3%.
• Suspensions of individual tested microorganisms were prepared at an approximate concentration of 10 5 CFU/mL.
• 100 of suspension (approximately 10 4 CFU of microorganisms on the dish) was applied.
• the suspension was evenly spread over the entire surface of the dish with a sterile loop.
• the tested samples were transferred in a sterile way onto the surface of the agar in the form of squares.
• the dishes with bacterial test strains were cultured at 37 °C for 24 hours.
• Lyophilizates with the antimicrobial substance HA-BI-I3, HA-TH-I3 and HA-BTH-I 3 were tested, where analogous lyophilizates without the active substance HA-TH, HA-BTH and lyophilizates with HA alone were used as controls.
• Squares of the weight of 15-20 mg and approximate dimensions of 15 x 15 x 2 mm were prepared, with 0.7-1.3 mg of potassium triiodide or without potassium triiodide.
• a diffusion plate method (2D layout) was chosen.
• a nonselective soil tryptone soya agar
• HA-B1-I 3 lyophilizate prepared according to the Example 13
• the study was focused primarily on the tolerance of the preparation and the comparison of its efficacy with the standard wound healing agent with a proven effect, which is a dressing containing an active- layer, which is a combination of hyaluronan and the antimicrobial substance octenidine (HA- octenidine).
• HA- octenidine a bandage of the same composition as HA-octenidine dressing was used, but the active layer was replaced with the HA-B1-I 3 lyophilizate.
• the study was conducted in a patient where half of the wound was always treated with a HA-B 1 -I 3 lyophilizate bandage (indicated as HyBi in Figure 3), the second half with a standard HA-octenidine dressing.
• the bandage was tolerated without any negative subjective or objective problems.
• the wound healing course during the observed one- week period was comparable to the healing when HA-octenidine preparation was used.
• the preparation according to the invention is advantageous in comparison with the octenidine preparation especially because iodine is considerably more biocompatible compared to octenidine, and therefore much more suitable, for example, for implantable materials.

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